vhs in the great lakes and what this means for idaho keith johnson, doug burton, and doug munson...
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VHS in the Great VHS in the Great Lakes and what Lakes and what this means for this means for
IdahoIdaho
Keith Johnson, Doug Burton, and Keith Johnson, Doug Burton, and Doug MunsonDoug Munson
Eagle Fish Health Laboratory, IDFG Eagle Fish Health Laboratory, IDFG
Why should Idaho be Why should Idaho be concerned?concerned?
16 of Idaho sport fish are susceptible, 16 of Idaho sport fish are susceptible, including trout, salmon, bass, crappie, including trout, salmon, bass, crappie, perch, walleye, and forage speciesperch, walleye, and forage species
Commercial trout industry is concernedCommercial trout industry is concerned Vectors exist that could bring it to IdahoVectors exist that could bring it to Idaho 20 years of surveillance in Idaho has 20 years of surveillance in Idaho has
been negativebeen negative
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia is the most serious disease of cultured fish worldwide
Untreatable viral diseaseUntreatable viral disease VHS is an “emergency, notifiable” VHS is an “emergency, notifiable”
disease by the World Animal Health disease by the World Animal Health Organization, USDA Animal and Organization, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Idaho Department of AgricultureIdaho Department of Agriculture
Detection of VHSV Detection of VHSV requires requires DestructionDestruction of the stock of the stock andand DisinfectionDisinfection
VHS VHS does notdoes not infect humans infect humans
Disease Signs of VHSV
Hemorrhagic: Causes leaking of blood from vessels under the skin and in internal organs
Septicemia: Virus in blood and spreads throughout the body in circulation
Pop eye: Caused by pressure of hemorrhage pushing beneath the eye
But: Disease Signs are not always present
How bad can it get?How bad can it get? 2006 Freshwater Drum mortality in 2006 Freshwater Drum mortality in
Lake Erie totaled millions of poundsLake Erie totaled millions of pounds ““Windrows of fish” along the beach Windrows of fish” along the beach
piled up 10’ wide and 4’ highpiled up 10’ wide and 4’ high Detected only from Detected only from wild stocks-no wild stocks-no
hatchery stocks infected yethatchery stocks infected yet Predators are infected from infected Predators are infected from infected
forage speciesforage species
Current VHS Outbreaks:2007
Lake Huron
Lake St. Clair
Lake Ontario
St. Lawrence R.
Conesus Lake*
Lake Erie
Budd Lake*
Lake Winnebago*
Summer, 2007 NYDEC Surveillance
Lake Michigan
Black CrappieBlack Crappie BluegillBluegill Bluntnose MinnowBluntnose Minnow Brown BullheadBrown Bullhead Brown TroutBrown Trout BurbotBurbot Channel catfishChannel catfish Chinook SalmonChinook Salmon Emerald ShinerEmerald Shiner Freshwater DrumFreshwater Drum Gizzard ShadGizzard Shad Lake WhitefishLake Whitefish Largemouth BassLargemouth Bass MuskellungeMuskellunge
PikePike PumpkinseedPumpkinseed Rainbow TroutRainbow Trout Rock BassRock Bass Round GobyRound Goby Shorthead RedhorseShorthead Redhorse Silver RedhorseSilver Redhorse Smallmouth BassSmallmouth Bass Spottail ShinerSpottail Shiner WalleyeWalleye White BassWhite Bass White PerchWhite Perch Yellow PerchYellow Perch
VHS Susceptible Freshwater Species
(revised Nov, 2007)
3.7%-5%3.7%-5%
2.1%2.1%
Genetic Differences in Genetic Differences in North American VHS North American VHS
IsolatesIsolates
Coastal virus hosts are marine baitfish like herring and anchovies, some predators
Great Lakes hosts are baitfish and wide variety of predators
Genetic analysis shows Great Lakes VHS has an East Coast origin
Great Lakes VHSGreat Lakes VHSHow did it get into the How did it get into the
Great Lakes ecosystem?Great Lakes ecosystem?
PossibilitiesPossibilities By movement of infected fishBy movement of infected fish Sport fishing (bait minnows, Sport fishing (bait minnows,
contaminated fishing equipment, contaminated fishing equipment, contaminated live well water, illegal fish contaminated live well water, illegal fish stocking)stocking)
BoatingBoating Commercial Ballast WaterCommercial Ballast Water Basically – We don’t know how it got hereBasically – We don’t know how it got here
VHS Vectors for IDAHOVHS Vectors for IDAHO
Movement of infected live fish, Movement of infected live fish, including baitfish is a proven vectorincluding baitfish is a proven vector
VHS virus persists in frozen fish so VHS virus persists in frozen fish so frozen baitfish are a potential vector frozen baitfish are a potential vector for Idahofor Idaho
Great Lakes VHS virus survives for a Great Lakes VHS virus survives for a month in freshwater outside of a fish month in freshwater outside of a fish
Federal Order by APHISFederal Order by APHIS VHS Federal Order was issued in VHS Federal Order was issued in
October, 2006October, 2006
Emergency Action taken to prevent Emergency Action taken to prevent the spread of VHSthe spread of VHS
Must be followed-up by formal Must be followed-up by formal rulemaking expected soon- winter, rulemaking expected soon- winter, 20082008
Current Provisions Under the Current Provisions Under the APHIS Federal Order for VHSAPHIS Federal Order for VHS
VHS susceptible species are prohibited VHS susceptible species are prohibited from moving out of the 8 States and 2 from moving out of the 8 States and 2 Canadian Provinces bordering the Canadian Provinces bordering the Great Lakes except under certain Great Lakes except under certain conditions:conditions: Movement to slaughter or research and Movement to slaughter or research and
diagnostic labs with adequate disinfectiondiagnostic labs with adequate disinfection
Movement of live fish testing negative for Movement of live fish testing negative for VHSV by laboratory assaysVHSV by laboratory assays
Movement of salmonids from Canada that Movement of salmonids from Canada that meet USFWS Title 50 inspection meet USFWS Title 50 inspection requirementsrequirements
Implications of VHS for Implications of VHS for IdahoIdaho
20 years surveillance has been negative20 years surveillance has been negativein cultured and wild fishin cultured and wild fish
Idaho sport fishing valued at $360 millionIdaho sport fishing valued at $360 million Trout industry valued at $110 million at riskTrout industry valued at $110 million at risk ESA-listed anadromous salmon-would these be ESA-listed anadromous salmon-would these be
destroyed if positive (?)destroyed if positive (?) IDFG, ISDA, USFWS, USDA APHIS, commercial IDFG, ISDA, USFWS, USDA APHIS, commercial
aquaculture, and tribal programs need to aquaculture, and tribal programs need to work work cooperativelycooperatively to prevent introduction to prevent introduction
What has IDFG done to What has IDFG done to reduce the risk of reduce the risk of
introduction?introduction? Live fish for bait prohibited (1938)Live fish for bait prohibited (1938) Banned importation of all live fish and Banned importation of all live fish and
frozen baitfish from Great Lakes Basinfrozen baitfish from Great Lakes Basin Supported APHIS Federal OrderSupported APHIS Federal Order Partnering with Idaho Department of Partnering with Idaho Department of
Agriculture and trout industryAgriculture and trout industry Import permits of all fish are required Import permits of all fish are required
from ISDA and IDFG from ISDA and IDFG Imports allowed only from inspected Imports allowed only from inspected
sourcessources 2008 IDFG Fishing Rules prohibit use of 2008 IDFG Fishing Rules prohibit use of
live aquatic baitslive aquatic baits
ISDA Emergency RuleISDA Emergency Rule Issued Sept 1, 2007Issued Sept 1, 2007 All imported fish and eggs require All imported fish and eggs require
negative inspection results for negative inspection results for reportable viruses, including VHSreportable viruses, including VHS
Import permits required from Import permits required from IDFG & ISDAIDFG & ISDA
Inspections of imports for disease Inspections of imports for disease and permits is provided by ISDA & and permits is provided by ISDA & IDFG rulesIDFG rules
Captive Wildlife Rules of IdahoCaptive Wildlife Rules of IdahoProvide for IDFG & ISDA Provide for IDFG & ISDA
CooperationCooperation ImportImport of live fish permitted by ISDA & of live fish permitted by ISDA &
IDFGIDFG ReleasesReleases must be approved by IDFG must be approved by IDFG
IDAPA 13.01.11.101 and I.C. 36-7IDAPA 13.01.11.101 and I.C. 36-7 Inspection for diseaseInspection for disease and genetic and genetic
traits of private pond fish (IDAPA traits of private pond fish (IDAPA 13.01.10.101.04 & 02.04.21.660) both 13.01.10.101.04 & 02.04.21.660) both by IDFG and ISDAby IDFG and ISDA
Records of sales of fish retained for 3 Records of sales of fish retained for 3 years (I.C. 22-4602) for years (I.C. 22-4602) for tracebacktraceback
What more can be done?What more can be done? Minimize Risks of potential vectors:Minimize Risks of potential vectors:
Private pondsPrivate ponds: require virus inspection of all suppliers: require virus inspection of all suppliers Importations of live fish must Importations of live fish must exclude baitfishexclude baitfish Aquatic baits other than fish Aquatic baits other than fish
EducationEducation of anglers to reduce risks of anglers to reduce risks
Support ISDA on Emergency Import RuleSupport ISDA on Emergency Import Rule
Enforcement of existing import and release rulesEnforcement of existing import and release rules
Idaho Fish Health and Sterility Management Policy Idaho Fish Health and Sterility Management Policy addresses details of import, transport, and release to addresses details of import, transport, and release to public waters and private pondspublic waters and private ponds