victorian riverina bioregion - environment · victorian riverina bioregion ... %cover character...

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs,grasses, and orchids. Occurs on sandy lunettes with underlying water seepage on moderately fertile, deep sandy or loamytopsoils.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% T Medium Shrub 2 5% MS Small Shrub 1 1% SS Large Herb 3 5% LH Medium Herb 8 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia montana Mallee WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerLH Wahlenbergia spp. BluebellMH Sida corrugata Variable SidaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plump Spear-grassMTG Dianella longifolia Pale Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004

© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004

This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.

Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriatefor your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland -Victorian Riverina bioregion

Recruitment:Continuous

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn low highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest to 30 m tall along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gulliesleading into creeks and rivers. Soils are fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by talleucalypts, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grassesand herbs.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna GumEucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata Eurabbie

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 4 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 4 15% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Victorian Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury low lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Riverina bioregion

EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland

Description: Medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rocky creeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after such disturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Emergent trees may be irregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common to riparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral species which survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice.

Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name 20% Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle

Understorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Medium Shrub 4 5% MS Small Shrub 1 1% SS Large Herb 5 5% LH Medium Herb 8 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTG Large Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% LNG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 10% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNG Ground Fern 1 1% GF Bryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Total understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name

MS Bossiaea foliosa Leafy Bossiaea MS Callistemon sieberi River Bottlebrush MS Acacia verniciflua Varnish Wattle SS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf Bramble LH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed LH Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper LH Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed MH Alternanthera denticulata s.l. Lesser Joyweed MH Centipeda cunninghamii Common Sneezeweed MH Euchiton involucratus s.l. Common Cudweed SH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's Wort SH Crassula helmsii Swamp Crassula LTG Juncus usitatus Billabong Rush LTG Carex polyantha River Sedge LTG Carex appressa Tall Sedge LNG Phragmites australis Common Reed MTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen Sedge MTG Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower Rush MTG v Lipocarpha microcephala Button Rush MTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass MNG Isachne globosa Swamp Millet MNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass MNG Cynodon dactylon Couch GF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken EP Amyema quandang var. quandang Grey Mistletoe

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007


This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged;

• no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and

• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.


This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate

for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland – Victorian Riverina bioregion

Recruitment: Continuous

Organic Litter: 10% Cover

Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MS Ulex europaeus Gorse low high MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high high LH Hypericum perforatum St John's Wort high high LH Verbena bonariensis s.l. Purple-top Verbena high high LH Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle high high LH Verbascum spp. Mullein high high LH Opuntia spp. Prickly Pear high high MH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high low MH Galium divaricatum Slender Bedstraw high low MH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Stellaria media Chickweed high low MH Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup high high MH Myosotis discolor Yellow-and-blue Forget-me-not high high MH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high low MH Trifolium spp. Clover high low MH Centaurium spp. Centaury low low SH Ludwigia palustris Marsh Ludwigia high high LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high high MTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high low MTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides False Hair-grass high low MTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high high MNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high high MNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low MNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low SC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall. Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landformsfrom gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The understorey isdominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses arefrequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark

Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.s. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 6 20% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 7 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - Victorian Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Grevillea alpina Cat's Claw GrevilleaMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Persoonia rigida Hairy GeebungSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Melichrus urceolatus Urn HeathSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Xerochrysum viscosum Shiny EverlastingLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Microseris scapigera spp. agg. Yam DaisySH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years.


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfallareas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is an open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability ofthe eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer.The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint

Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Brittle Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 8 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 7 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 10% MTGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 65%

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest - Victoria Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Daviesia latifolia Hop Bitter-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to mediumheight forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer includinga number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest ischaracterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including some fernspecies.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 20 / haCallitris spp. 40 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus polyanthemos Red BoxEucalyptus blakelyi Blakely’s Red GumCallitris endlicheri Black Cypress-pine

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 5% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 1% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - Victorian Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia implexa LightwoodMS Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillMH Euchiton collinus s.l. Clustered/Creeping CudweedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Hypericum perforatum St John's Wort high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel low lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:A medium to tall open forest to 30 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. Occurs on relatively fertile,moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall.Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. The understorey contains a high cover anddiversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer, which characterises this EVC.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint

Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf PeppermintEucalyptus obliqua Messmate StringybarkEucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata EurabbieEucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Brittle GumEucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 13 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest – Victorian Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Daviesia latifolia Hop Bitter-peaMS Pimelea linifolia ssp. linifolia Slender Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Tall GreenhoodMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Stackhousia monogyna Creamy StackhousiaSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra multiflora ssp. multiflora Many-flowered Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow orvirtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 5 mtall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poorexcept where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 5 25% MS Small Shrub 2 5% SS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 5 5% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Character Species Common NameMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthSS Acacia gunnii Ploughshare WattlePS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Wahlenbergia multicaulis Branching BluebellLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Diuris sulphurea Tiger OrchidSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Austrodanthonia induta Shiny Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeGF Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Narrow Rock-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest

Description:Valley Grassy Forest occurs on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors.The tall, open overstorey to 20 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertileconditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer butat the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving speciesstill remaining.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus blakelyi Blakely's Red-gum

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus melliodora Yellow BoxEucalyptus albens White BoxEucalyptus rubida CandlebarkEucalyptus bridgesiana s.l. But ButEucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 9 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - Victorian Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia aculeata DogwoodMS Dodonaea viscosa ssp. angustissima Narrow-leaf Hop-bushMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Desmodium varians Slender Tick-trfoilMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Arthropodium strictum s.l. Chocolate LilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Hypericum perforatum St John's Wort high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall. Occupies well drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevationsin areas with >600 mm annual rainfall. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy andherbaceous ground layer characterised by summer-growing grasses.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum

Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleMS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Chrysocephalum apiculatum s.l. Common EverlastingMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Austrostipa spp. Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. Plains Woodland)

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall occurring on a number of geologies and soil types. Occupies fertile clays and clay loamsoils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations in areas with <600 mm annual rainfall. The understorey consists of afew sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer and chenopods are often present.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haEucalyptus largiflorens 50 cmAllocasuarina spp. 40 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name15% Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey Box

Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow BoxEucalyptus camaldulensis River Red GumEucalyptus largiflorens Black BoxEucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow GumAllocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 11 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 15 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia montana Mallee WattleMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Pittosporum angustifolium Weeping PittosporumSS Pimelea curviflora s.l. Curved Rice-flowerMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Einadia hastata SaloopMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Vittadinia gracilis Woolly New Holland DaisyMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Chloris truncata Windmill Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. Plains Woodland) -Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMNG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland

Description:An open eucalypt woodland or open forest to 20 m tall over a medium to tall shrub layer with a ground layer consisting ofamphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and majorcreeks, often in conjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soilsare fertile alluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum


Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 35% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMH Sida corrugata Variable SidaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike-sedgeMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Chloris truncata Windmill GrassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Aristida behriana Brush Wire-grassMNG Pseudoraphis spinescens Spiny Mud-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood - Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest

Description:Occurs on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stony soils derived from a range of geologies. Theopen overstorey to 20 m tall consists of a variety of eucalypts, often including one of the Ironbark species. The mid storey oftenforms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layer ranging from a sparse to well-developed suite ofherbs and grasses.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey Box

Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red BoxEucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow GumEucalyptus tricarpa Red IronbarkEucalyptus sideroxylon s.s. Mugga

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaMS Ozothamnus obcordatus Grey EverlastingMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Melichrus urceolatus Urn HeathSS Pultenaea largiflorens Twiggy Bush-peaSS Pultenaea prostrata Silky Bush-peaSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Xerochrysum viscosum Shiny EverlastingLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Goodenia hederacea Ivy GoodeniaMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Pterostylis nana Dwarf GreenhoodSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLNG Avena spp. Oat high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 66: Low Rises Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall on elevated plains and low rises with a diverse shrub understorey and grassy field layer. Occursin a range of environmental settings that have resulted in well-drained surface soils mantling clay sub-soils.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 20/haAllocasuarina spp. 40 cmCallitris spp. 40 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:% cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Gum

Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey BoxCallitris gracilis ssp. murrayensis Slender Cypress-pineCallitris glaucophylla White Cypress-pineAllocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 5% TMedium Shrub 5 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pittosporum angustifolium Weeping PittosporumT Myoporum platycarpum SugarwoodMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Hakea tephrosperma NeedlewoodMS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Acacia oswaldii Umbrella WattleSS Eutaxia microphylla Common EutaxiaSS Olearia pimeleoides Pimelea Daisy-bushMH Vittadinia cuneata Fuzzy New Holland DaisySH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushSH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Sida corrugata Variable SidaMTG Lepidosperma viscidum Sticky Sword-sedgeMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Enteropogon acicularis Windmill GrassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Austrostipa elegantissima Feather Spear-grassSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 66: Low Rises Woodland – Victorian Riverina bioregion


Organic Litter:15% cover

Logs:20m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Olea europaea Olive high highMS Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Gazania linearis Gazania high highLH Opuntia robusta Wheel Cactus high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt Grass high highMNG Vulpia myuros f. myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high highMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high highTTG Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass high highSC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall on broad alluvial plains and along ephemeral drainage lines. Soils are generally poorly drainedduplex soils with sandy loam overlying a heavier clay subsoil. Understorey consists of few, if any shrubs with the strikingfeature of this EVC being the high species-richness of the ground-layer and the low biomass of this cover, particularly insummer.



Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey Box Eucalyptus albens White Box Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.s. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 15 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

* Largely seasonal life form

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Pultenaea humilis Dwarf Bush-peaLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Lagenophora huegelii Coarse Bottle-daisyMH Wurmbea dioica Common Early NancySH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Juncus flavidus Gold RushMTG Juncus subsecundus Finger RushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland -Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowUnd Trifolium spp. Clover high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland

Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceousground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on awide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid andherbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or systemof interconnected small ponds.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall Herb* 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 16 35% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Melaleuca parvistaminea Rough-barked Honey-myrtleMS Acacia retinodes var. retinodes WilrildaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cottony FireweedMH Centipeda cunninghamii Common SneezeweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Juncus spp. RushMTG Cyperus spp. Flat-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Galium murale Small Goosegrass high lowMH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high highLTG Juncus acutus Spiny Rush high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue high lowMNG Bromus madritensis Madrid Brome high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland

Description:Mainly restricted to granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodland to 10 m high with the dominant treesoften being stunted.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 50 cm 15 / haCallitris spp. 30 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus blakelyi Blakely's Red-gum

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark Callitris endlicheri Black Cypress-pine

Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress-pine Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 11 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 2 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 65%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtleMS Persoonia rigida Hairy GeebungMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Pultenaea procumbens Heathy Bush-peaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Gonocarpus elatus Tall RaspwortMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Galium murale Small Goosegrass high lowMH Galium divaricatum Slender Bedstraw high lowMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Centaurium spp. Centaury high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low




EVC 80: Spring Soak Woodland

Description: Woodland to 10 m tall with an understorey dominated by medium and small herbs and occasional shrubs. Generally occurring on granitic-outwash soils and dependent on the continual availability of a reliable water supply.

Large trees:

Species DBH(cm) #/ha Eucalyptus spp. 50 cm 5 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name 10% Eucalyptus blakelyi Blakely’s Red-gum Eucalyptus bridgesiana s.s. But But

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT Medium Shrub 2 5% MS Large Herb 2 1% LH Medium Herb 6 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTG Large Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% LNG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 35% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNG Bryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name MS Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle MS Mirbelia oxylobioides Mountain Mirbelia MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree LH Senecio minimus Shrubby Fireweed MH Ranunculus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus Annual Buttercup SH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy Pennywort SH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's Wort SH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping Raspwort LTG Juncus sarophorus Broom Rush LTG Carex appressa Tall Sedge LNG Baumea rubiginosa s.s. Soft Twig-sedge LNG Phragmites australis Common Reed MTG Juncus fockei Slender Joint-leaf Rush MTG Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Common Tussock-grass MTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf Rush MTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common Woodrush MNG Eleocharis gracilis Slender Spike-sedge









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 80: Spring Soak Woodland – Victorian Riverina bioregion


Organic Litter: 20 % cover

Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low LH Hypericum perforatum St John's Wort high high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high low MH Centaurium spp. Centaury high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low TTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low




EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub

Description: Shrubland to 10 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopes associated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvial terraces. Characterised by a dense medium to tall shrub layer over a ground layer which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids and herbs. Ferns can often be a major component of the ground stratum.

Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 30% Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Pomaderris aspera Hazel Pomaderris Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Immature Canopy Shrub 5% IT Medium Shrub 8 30% MS Small Shrub 2 1% SS Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 12 20% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 4 15% LTG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG Ground Fern 3 10% GF Scrambler or Climber 1 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name MS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bush MS Lomatia myricoides River Lomatia MS Leptospermum brevipes Slender Tea-tree MS Kunzea ericoides Burgan SS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heath SS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-pea PS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-pots LH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. hydrophilum Robust Willow-herb LH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender Fireweed MH Ajuga australis Austral Bugle MH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee MH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisy MH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf Violet SH Dichondra repens Kidney-weed SH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort LTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedge LTG Carex appressa Tall Sedge LTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush LTG Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Common Tussock-grass MTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass MTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lily MNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass GF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken GF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern GF Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair GF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fern









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub -



Organic Litter: 40 % cover

Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high high MS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high high MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 93: Sandstone Ridge Shrubland (syn. Broombush Mallee)

Description:Low open mallee to 3 m tall typically with a tall shrubby understorey, or shrubland with scattered emergent mallees. A goodfield character for this EVC is the dominance or co-dominance of the tall shrub Melaleuca uncinata in shrubland or as anunderstorey shrub in Mallee vegetation. Confined to the crests of outcropping Parilla sandstone ridges and also where theseridges are at least partially obscured by a shallow mantle of Lowan sand.

+ mallee only component (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Tree Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus viridis Green Mallee

Eucalyptus behriana Bull Mallee

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 9 30% MS Small Shrub 5 10% SS Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PS Large Herb 1 1% LH Medium Herb 6 15% MH Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Melaleuca uncinata BroombushMS Ozothamnus obcordatus Grey EverlastingMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathSS Pultenaea largiflorens Twiggy Bush-peaSS Pultenaea prostrata Silky Bush-peaSS Hibbertia exutiacies Spiky Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Xerochrysum viscosum Shiny EverlastingMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass



Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 93: Sandstone Ridge Shrubland (syn. Broombush Mallee) –Victorian Riverina bioregion

EVC 93_61: Treed Sandstone Ridge Shrubland

Victorian Riverina Bioregion


Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus behriana Bull Mallee

Eucalyptus viridis Green Mallee

Understorey:#Spp %Cover LF CodeLifeform

Medium Shrub 30% MS9

Small Shrub 10% SS5

Prostrate Shrub 1% PS1

Large Herb 1% LH1

Medium Herb 15% MH6

Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5% MTG3

Bryophytes/Lichens 20% BL

Soil Crust 20% S/C

Description:Low open mallee to 3 m tall typically with a tall shrubby understorey, or shrubland with scattered emergent mallees. A good fieldcharacter for this EVC is the dominance or co-dominance of the tall shrub Melaleuca uncinata in shrubland or as an understorey shrubin Mallee vegetation. Confined to the crests of outcropping Parilla sandstone ridges and also where these ridges are at least partiallyobscured by a shallow mantle of Lowan sand.

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust Wattle

MS Cassinia arcuata Drooping Cassinia

MS Melaleuca uncinata Broombush

MS Ozothamnus obcordatus Grey Everlasting

SS Astroloma conostephioides Flame Heath

SS Hibbertia exutiacies Spiky Guinea-flower

SS Pultenaea largiflorens Twiggy Bush-pea

SS Pultenaea prostrata Silky Bush-pea

PS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry Heath

LH Senecio tenuiflorus s.l. Slender Fireweed

MH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common Raspwort

MH Xerochrysum viscosum Shiny Everlasting

MTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass

MTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily



Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 93_61: Treed Sandstone Ridge Shrubland

Logs:5 m/0.1ha. (note: large log class does not apply).

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSmooth Cat's-earHypochoeris glabraMH high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the NominatedOfficer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.


This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposesand therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 96: Ridged Plains Mallee

Description:Open, quite grassy mallee woodland to 10 m tall, typical of the gently undulating “plains” of the Wimmera and Southern Mallee.Soils are somewhat variable but are typically duplex with grey or brown sandy clay loam or clay loam topsoils of aeolian origin.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 30 cm 15/haAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:% cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus dumosa Dumosa Mallee Eucalyptus behriana Bull Mallee

Allocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 3 5% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb* 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 5 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/C

* Largely seasonal lifeform

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia melvillei MyallMS Acacia oswaldii Umbrella WattleMS Eremophila longifolia BerriganSS Maireana brevifolia Short-leaf BluebushSS Sclerolaena diacantha Grey CopperburrSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushSS Rhagodia spinescens Hedge SaltbushPS Atriplex semibaccata Berry SaltbushMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Maireana excavata Bottle BluebushMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushSH Chenopodium desertorum Frosted GoosefootSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Brachyscome lineariloba Hard-head DaisySH Hyalosperma spp. SunrayLTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plains GrassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassLNG Austrostipa platychaeta Flat-awned Spear-grassMNG Austrostipa elegantissima Feather Spear-grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 96: Ridged Plains Mallee – Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:5m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMTG Critesion murinum Barley-grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high highMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high highMH Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highMNG Vulpia spp. Fescue high lowMS Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn low high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 97: Semi-arid Woodland

Description:Non-eucalypt woodland or open forest to 12 m tall, of low rainfall areas. Occurs in a range of somewhat elevated positions notsubject to flooding or inundation. The surface soils are typically light textured loamy sands or sandy loams.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haAllocasuarina spp. 40 cm 20 / haCallitris spp. 40 cmMyoporum platycarpum 35 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:% cover Character Species Common Name20% Allocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Callitris gracilis ssp. murrayensis Slender Cypress-pineMyoporum platycarpum Sugarwood

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 5 15% MSSmall Shrub 5 20% SSLarge Herb* 2 5% LHMedium Herb* 7 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/C

* Largely seasonal life formTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Cattle BushMS Acacia oswaldii Umbrella WattleMS Hakea tephrosperma Hooked NeedlewoodMS Hakea leucoptera ssp. leucoptera Silver NeedlewoodSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushSS Sclerolaena diacantha Grey CopperburrSS Olearia pimeleoides Pimelea Daisy-bushSS Rhagodia spinescens Hedge SaltbushMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Vittadinia dissecta s.l. Dissected New Holland DaisyMH Calandrinia eremaea Small PurslaneMH Crassula colorata Dense CrassulaSH Actinobole uliginosum Flannel CudweedMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrostipa spp. Spear-grassMNG Austrostipa elegantissima Feather Spear-grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 97: Semi-arid Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Brassica tournefortii Mediterranean Turnip high highLH Reichardia tingitana Reichardia high lowMH Silene spp. Catchfly high highSH Medicago minima Little Medic high highMTG Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass high highMTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides False Hair-grass high highMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high highMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high highMNG Critesion murinum subsp. glaucum Blue Barley-grass high highSC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 98: Semi-arid Chenopod Woodland

Description:Sparse, low non-eucalypt woodland to 12 m tall of the arid zone with a tall open chenopod shrub-dominated understorey or atreeless, tall chenopod shrubland to 3 m tall. This EVC may occur as either a woodland (typically with a very open structure buttree cover >10%) or a shrubland (tree cover <10%) with trees as an occasional emergent.

+ woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haCasuarina pauper 40 cm 15/haAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cmCallitris gracilis 40 cmMyoporum platycarpum 35 cm

Tree Canopy Cover+:% cover Character Species Common Name15% Casuarina pauper Belah

Allocasuarina luehmannii BulokeMyoporum platycarpum SugarwoodCallitris gracilis ssp. murrayensis Slender Native Pine

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub+ 3 10% TMedium Shrub 2 40% MSSmall Shrub 4 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb* 2 5% LHMedium Herb* 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 8 15% SHLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 30% S/C


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT+ Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens CattlebushT+ Acacia melvillei MyallT+ Hakea leucoptera ssp. leucoptera Silver NeedlewoodMS Maireana pyramidata Shrubby BluebushMS Maireana sedifolia Pearl BluebushMS Atriplex nummularia Old Man SaltbushMS Nitraria billardierei Nitre-bushSS Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Limestone CopperburrSS Sclerolaena tricuspis Three-spined BassiaSS Sclerolaena divaricata Tangled BassiaSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushPS Sclerochlamys brachyptera Short-wing SaltbushLH Polycalymma stuartii Poached-egg DaisyMH Brachyscome lineariloba Hard-head DaisyMH Osteocarpum acropterum var. deminutum BabbagiaMH Zygophyllum crenatum Hard-head DaisyMH Zygophyllum ammophilum Sand Twin-leaf







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 98: Semi-arid Chenopod Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion


Organic Litter:15% in woodland+

5% in shrubland

Logs+:5m/0.1ha

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Brassica tournefortii Mediterranean Turnip high highLH Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage high highLH Sisymbrium erysimoides Smooth Mustard high highMH Reichardia tingitana False Sow-thistle low lowMH Limonium spp. Sea-lavender high highMH Silene apetala var. apetala Sand Catchfly high highMH Erodium cicutarium Common Heron's-bill high lowMH Carrichtera annua Ward’s Weed high highSH Medicago minima Little Medic high highMTG Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass high highMTG Critesion murinum ssp. glaucum Blue Barley-grass high highMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high highMNG Vulpia spp. high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 101: Samphire Shrubland

Description:Low open shrub layer to 0.5 m tall of succulent chenopods on saline clay pans. Found in association with the various halitesalinas that have developed within evaporative basins or ‘boinkas’.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeSmall Shrub 4 20% SSMedium Herb 7 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 20%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameSS Halosarcia pruinosa Bluish GlasswortSS Halosarcia halocnemoides ssp. halocnemoides Grey GlasswortSS Halosarcia pergranulata Blackseed GlasswortSS r Frankenia sessilis Small-leaf Sea-heathMH Senecio glossanthus Slender GroundselMH Hymenolobus procumbens Oval PurseMH Brachyscome lineariloba Hard-head DaisyMH r Brachyscome exilis Finger-leaved DaisySH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Pogonolepis muelleriana Stiff Cup-flowerSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Millotia muelleri Common Bow-flowerMTG Triglochin calcitrapum s.l. Spurred ArrowgrassMNG Triglochin nanum Dwarf Arrowgrass


Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Brassica tournefortii Mediterranean Turnip high highMH Reichardia tingitana Reichardia high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Carrichtera annua Ward’s Weed high highMH Spergularia diandra Lesser Sand-spurrey high lowSH Medicago minima Little Medic high highSH Spergularia rubra s.l. Red Sand-spurrey high lowMTG Critesion murinum subsp. glaucum Blue Barley-grass high highMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high highMNG Vulpia bromoides Rat’s-tail Fescue high highSNG Schismus barbata Arabian Grass high lowSNG Lamarckia aurea Golden-top high lowSNG Parapholis incurva Coast Barb-grass high highSNG Critesion murinum subsp. glaucum Blue Barley-grass high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 101: Samphire Shrubland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 103: Riverine Chenopod Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with a diverse shrubby and grassy understorey occurring on most elevated riverine terraces.Confined to heavy clay soils on higher level terraces within or on the margins of riverine floodplains (or former floodplains),naturally subject to only extremely infrequent incidental shallow flooding from major events if at all flooded.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 50 cm 5/ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus largiflorens Black Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 25% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 5 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 5 10% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGSoil Crust na 10% S/C


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia stenophylla River CoobahMS Atriplex nummularia Old-man SaltbushMS Chenopodium nitrariaceum Nitre GoosefootMS Eremophila divaricata ssp. divaricata Spreading Emu-bushSS Sclerolaena tricuspis Streaked CopperburrSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushSS Atriplex lindleyi Flat-top SaltbushSS Rhagodia spinescens Hedge SaltbushPS Sclerochlamys brachyptera Short-wing SaltbushMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Calocephalus sonderi Pale Beauty-headsMH Senecio glossanthus Slender GroundselMH Brachyscome lineariloba Hard-head DaisySH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Maireana pentagona Hairy Bluebush



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 103: Riverine Chenopod Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Olea europaea subsp. europaea Olive low highMS Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn low highLH Sisymbrium erysimoides Smooth Mustard high highLH Critesion spp. Barley-grass high lowLH Gazania linearis Gazania high highLH Opuntia spp. Prickly Pear low highLH Sisymbrium irio London Mustard high highLH Psilocaulon granulicaule Noon-flower high highMH Limonium sinuatum Notch-leaf Sea-lavender high highMH Limonium lobatum Winged Sea-lavender high highMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Mesembryanthemum nodiflora Ice-plant high highMH Carrichtera annua Ward’s Weed high highMH Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highMH Carpobrotus aequilaterus Angled Pigface low highMH Silene apetala var. apetala Sand Catchfly high lowMH Medicago spp. Medic high lowMH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high highMH Silene gallica French Catchfly high lowMH Silene nocturna Mediterranean Catchfly high lowSH Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Common Ice-plant high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed high highMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high highMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Bromus spp. Brome high highMNG Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass high lowSC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 104: Lignum Swamp

Description:Typically treeless shrubland to 4 m tall with robust (but sometimes patchy) growth of lignum. Widespread wetland vegetationtype in low rainfall areas on heavy soils, subject to infrequent inundation resulting from overbank flows from rivers or localrunoff.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 20% MSLarge Herb* 4 5% LH Medium Herb* 8 25% MH Small or Prostrate Herb* 2 10% SH Large Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid* 2 5% MNG Scrambler or Climber 1 1% SCSoil crust* na 10% S/C


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Muehlenbeckia florulenta Tangled LignumMS Chenopodium nitrariaceum Nitre GoosefootSS Sclerolaena tricuspis Three-spined BassiaSS Sclerolaena muricata Five-spined BassiaLH Rumex spp. DockMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooMH Goodenia spp. GoodeniaMH Ranunculus spp. ButtercupLNG Eragrostis australasica Cane GrassMNG Eragrostis infecunda Barren Cane grassMTG Juncus spp. RushMNG Eleocharis spp. Spike-sedgeSC Asperula gemella Twin-leaf Bedstraw



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSH Phyla canescens Lippia high high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment October 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 104: Lignum Swamp - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 106: Grassy Riverine Forest

Description:Occurs on the floodplain of major rivers, in a slightly elevated position where floods are infrequent, on deposited silts andsands, forming fertile alluvial soils. River Red Gum forest to 25 m tall with a groundlayer dominated by graminoids. Occasionaltall shrubs present.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% T Large Herb 2 10% LH Medium Herb 3 10% MH Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia stenophylla EumongLH Wahlenbergia fluminalis River BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Goodenia fascicularis Silky GoodeniaMH Eclipta platyglossa Yellow Twin-headsMTG Setaria jubiflora Warrego Summer-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Centaurea melitensis Malta Thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Reichardia tingitana False Sow-thistle high lowMH Phyla canescens Fog-fruit high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 106: Grassy Riverine Forest – Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 107: Lake Bed Herbland

Description:Herbland or shrubland to 0.5 m tall dominated by species adapted to drying mud within lake beds. Some evade periods ofprolonged inundation as seed, others as dormant tuber-like rootstocks. Occupies drying deep-cracking mud of lakes onfloodplains. Floods are intermittent but water may be retained for several seasons leading to active growth at the ‘drying mudstage’.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSMedium Herb* 3 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 3 20% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTG


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Malva australiana s.l. Southern HollyhockMS Solanum simile OondorooSS Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa Southern LiquoriceSS Muehlenbeckia horrida ssp. horrida Spiny LignumMH Chenopodium pumilio Clammy GoosefootMH Chenopodium glaucum Glaucous GoosefootSH Glossostigma elatinoides Small Mud-matSH Glinus lotoides Hairy Carpet-weedSH Mukia micrantha Mallee Cucumber

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.


Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 107: Lake Bed Herbland – Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland

Description:This EVC is usually treeless, but in some instances can include sparse Black Box Eucalyptus largiflorens or River Red GumEucalyptus camaldulensis. A sparse shrub component may also be present. The characteristic ground cover is dominated bygrasses and small sedges and herbs. The vegetation is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor inthe wetter central areas.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 6 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 30% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Rumex dumosus Wiry DockLH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisyLH Epilobium hirtigerum Hairy Willow-herbLH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooSH Lobelia concolor Poison PratiaSH Limosella australis Austral MudwortSH Myriocephalus rhizocephalus Woolly-headsSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLTG Juncus flavidus Gold RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Carex inversa Knob SedgeMTG Amphibromus macrorhinus Long-nosed Swamp Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eragrostis infecunda Southern Cane-grass

Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Critesion hystrix Mediterranean Barley-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest

Description:A low, open forest to 15 m tall with a sedgy/grassy understorey with a component of small ericoid shrubs and grass-trees. Soiland moisture factors are critical in delimiting the vegetation.



Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. BundyEucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 7 15% MSSmall Shrub 5 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 20% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest - Victorian Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-peaMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Leptorhynchos tenuifolius Wiry ButtonsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine low highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 132: Plains Grassland

Description:Treeless vegetation dominated by largely grass and herb life forms. Shrubs and trees may be also occasionally present.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb* 10 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid* 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/C


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia oswaldii Umbrella WattleSS Sclerolaena napiformis Turnip CopperburrSS Sclerolaena diacantha Grey CopperburrSS Maireana decalvans Black Cotton-bushSS Pimelea curviflora s.s. Curved Rice-flowerLH Ptilotus exaltatus Mulla MullaLH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilLH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsMH Calotis scabiosifolia Rough Burr-daisyMH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaMH Sida corrugata Variable SidaMH Ptilotus macrocephalus Feather HeadsSH Maireana pentagona Hairy BluebushSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Pogonolepis muelleriana Stiff Cup-flowerLTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa gibbosa Spurred Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plump Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grassMTG Whalleya proluta Rigid PanicMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 132: Plains Grassland - Victorian Riverina bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress high lowLH Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage high highLH Echium plantagineum Patterson’s Curse high highLH Sisymbrium irio London Rocket high highLH Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high highMH Limonium sinuatum Wild Oat high highMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high highMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high highMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high highMH Spergularia rubra s.l. Red Sand-spurrey high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high highMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high highMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high highMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Hedypnois cretica Cretan Hedypnois high highMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high lowMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high highMNG Brachypodium distachyon False Brome high highMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high highMNG Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue high highMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high highMTG Critesion hystrix Mediterranean Barley-grass high highMTG Critesion murinum Barley-grass high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high highMTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides False Hair-grass high lowMTG Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass high highMTG Romulea minutiflora Small-flower Onion-grass high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high highSH Medicago minima Little Medic high highSH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high highSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 175_61: Low Rises Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak woodland to 10 m tall on more skeletal soils.Understorey includes a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on siteswith moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAllocasuarina spp. 40 cm


Eucalyptus albens White BoxEucalyptus melliodora Yellow BoxEucalyptus blakelyi Blakely’s Red GumAllocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 19 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleSS r Templetonia stenophylla Leafy TempletoniaSS Pimelea curviflora s.l. Curved Rice-flowerSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Eutaxia microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Bothriochloa macra Red-leg GrassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Austrostipa elegantissima Feather Spear-grassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock FernSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 175_61: Low Rises Grassy Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage high highLH Carduus tenuiflorus Winged Thistle high highMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Parentucellia latifolia Red Bartsia high lowMH Spergularia rubra s.l. Red Sand-spurrey high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Romulea minutiflora Small-flower Onion-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Lolium loliaceum Stiff Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 175_62: Shrubby Granitic-outwash Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall occurring on the lower slopes of granitic hills where the outwash intersects withthe plains. It is restricted to free draining, deep sandy colluviums on gentle, lower slopes at altitudes of less than 300 m. Theunderstorey includes a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs and may include a suite of heathy shrubs more typical ofsandy soils.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAllocasuarina spp. 50 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus blakelyi Blakely’s Red Gum

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box

Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow BoxEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Long-leaf BoxAllocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 7 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 8 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 5 10% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 175_62: Shrubby Granitic-outwash Grassy Woodland -Victorian Riverina bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia implexa LightwoodT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtleMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Acacia aspera Rough WattleSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaSS Hibbertia riparia Upright Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Stuartina muelleri Spoon CudweedLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Aristida ramosa Cane Wire-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock FernSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Hypericum perforatum St John’s-wort high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage high highLH Carduus tenuiflorus Winged Thistle high highMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Parentucellia latifolia Red Bartsia high lowMH Spergularia rubra s.l. Red Sand-spurrey high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Romulea minutiflora Small-flower Onion-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Lolium loliaceum Stiff Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 235: Plains Woodland / Herb-rich Gilgai Wetland Mosaic

Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall on broad alluvial plains and along ephemeral drainage lines. Soils are generally poorly drainedheavy clays which form distinctive “gilgai” crests and troughs in a fine-scale mosaic. The understorey consists of few, if anyshrubs while the ground layer is made up of a combination of “dryland” herbs/grasses and amphibious herbs/grasses tolerant ofseasonal inundation.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 10 / haAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cm


Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey BoxAllocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 10% MS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 9 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 15% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattlePS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Calotis anthemoides Cut-leaf Burr-daisyMH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisyMH Vittadinia cuneata Fuzzy New Holland-daisySH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Myriophyllum integrifolium Tiny Water-milfoilSH Phyllangium divergens Wiry MitrewortLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Isolepis platycarpa Broad-fruit Club-sedgeMTG Pentapogon quadrifidus Five-awned Spear-grassMTG Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassTTG Centrolepis fascicularis Tufted Centrolepis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 235: Plains Woodland / Herb-rich Gilgai Wetland Mosaic -Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 264: Sand Ridge Woodland

Description:Open pine-box woodland to15 m tall with a small or medium shrub layer of variable density and including a range of annualherbs, grasses and geophytes, in the dense ground layer. Occupies distinctive sandy rises (or sand mounts) adjacent to majorrivers and wetlands. Very sandy, deep, free draining, moderately fertile soil, developed on sand blown up by wind action froma prior stream bed.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haCallitris glaucophylla 40 cmAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cm


Callitris glaucophylla WhiteCypress-pineAllocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 15% MTGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bushMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaSS Pultenaea tenuifolia Slender Bush-peaSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanLH Senecio quadridentatus Cottony FireweedLH Senecio tenuiflorus Narrow-leaf GroundselMH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Wahlenbergia luteola Tufted BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Millotia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia Soft MillotiaSH Euchiton sphaericus Annual CudweedSH Stuartina muelleri Spoon CudweedLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurel







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 264: Sand Ridge Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed high highMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMNG Vulpia bromoides Rat’s-tail Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia myuros f. myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMNG Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt-grass high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 292: Red Gum Swamp

Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall with a diverse understorey dominated by sedgy or grassy-herbaceous aquatics and species tolerantof intermittent to seasonal inundation. Occurs on alluvial plains in the seasonally wet depressions of shallow drainage lines orprior stream meanders, typically associated with heavy paludal soils, sometimes with gilgai development. The annual rainfallacross its distribution is generally below 700 mm, and the period of inundation may range from 2 to 6 months.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% T Medium Herb 1 15% MH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 40% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Gratiola peruviana Austral BrooklimeSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Juncus flavidus Gold RushLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Whalleya proluta Rigid PanicMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eragrostis infecunda Southern Cane-grass

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSH Callitriche hamulata Thread Water-starwort high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 292: Red Gum Swamp - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 295: Riverine Grassy Woodland

Description:Occurs on the floodplain of major rivers, in a slightly elevated position where floods are infrequent, on deposited silts andsands, forming fertile alluvial soils. River Red Gum woodland to 20 m tall with a groundlayer dominated by graminoids.Occasional tall shrubs present.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 2 1% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 20% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 65%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMH Sida corrugata Variable SidaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaLTG Austrostipa gibbosa Spurred Spear-grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG Chloris truncata Windmill GrassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Aristida behriana Brush Wire-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMNG Pseudoraphis spinescens Spiny Mud-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 295: Riverine Grassy Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 641: Riparian Woodland

Description:Occurs beside permanent streams, typically on narrow alluvial deposits. Woodland to 15 m tall generally dominated byEucalyptus camaldulensis over a tussock grass-dominated understorey. Tall shrubs may be present and amphibious herbs mayoccur in occasional ponds and beside creeks. While flooding may be common, sites are rarely inundated for lengthy periods.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Sprawling BluebellLH Myriophyllum crispatum Upright Water-milfoilLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Wahlenbergia fluminalis River BluebellMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Mentha australis River MintMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Cyperus gunnii ssp. gunnii Flecked Flat-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Juncus amabilis Hollow RushMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Cynodon dactylon CouchSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 641: Riparian Woodland – Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:20m / 0.1 ha

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress high highMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 652: Lunette Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with a grassy and herb-rich understorey. Occurs on generally fertile, relatively well-drained, clay-loam soils on source-bordering lunettes.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum


Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% T Medium Shrub 3 10% MS Small Shrub 1 1% SS Large Herb 3 5% LH Medium Herb 8 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia implexa LightwoodMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerLH Wahlenbergia spp. BluebellMH Sida corrugata Variable SidaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink BindweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plump Spear-grassMTG Lomandra multiflora ssp. multiflora Many-flowered Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 652: Lunette Woodland – Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn low highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland)

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall occurring on a number of geologies and soil types. Occupies fertile clays and clay loamsoils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations in areas with <600 mm annual rainfall. The understorey consists of afew sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer and chenopods are often present.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haEucalyptus largiflorens 50 cmAllocasuarina spp. 40 cm


Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow BoxEucalyptus camaldulensis River Red GumEucalyptus largiflorens Black BoxEucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow GumAllocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 1% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 11 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 15 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia montana Mallee WattleMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Pittosporum angustifolium Weeping PittosporumSS Pimelea curviflora s.l. Curved Rice-flowerSS Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Common EutaxiaSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushSS Sclerolaena diacantha Grey CopperburrLH Ajuga australis Austral BugleLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Einadia hastata SaloopMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Actinobole uliginosum Flannel CudweedSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Calotis hispidula Hairy Burr-daisyLTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plump Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Enteropogon acicularis Spider Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland) -Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn low highLH Brassica tournefortii Mediterranean Turnip high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Opuntia spp Prickly Pear low highMH Gazania linearis Gazania high highMH Spergularia rubra s.l. Red Sand-spurrey high lowMH Silene apetala var. apetala Sand Catchfly high lowMH Silene longicaulis Portuguese Catchfly high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover low lowSH Medicago minima Little Medic high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass low lowMTG Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass high lowMTG Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass high highMTG Pentaschistis airoides subsp. airoides False Hair-grass high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high highMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high highMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowSC Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper high high




EVC 810: Floodway Pond Herbland

Description: Low herbland to < 0.3 m tall with occasional emergent life forms, usually with a high content of ephemeral species. Floors of ponds associated with floodway systems. Typically heavy deeply cracking clay soils. Characteristically smaller wetlands with a more regular flooding and drying cycle in comparison to sites supporting Lake Bed Herbland.

Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Large Herb 1 1% LH Medium Herb 5 20% MH Small or Prostrate Herb* 4 15% SH Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% MNG * Largely seasonal life form


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name MH Persicaria prostrata Creeping Knotweed MH Centipeda cunninghamii Common Sneezeweed MH Alternanthera denticulata s.l. Lesser Joyweed SH Polygonum plebeium Small Knotweed SH Dysphania glomulifera ssp. glomulifera Globular Pigweed SH Lemna disperma Common Duckweed MTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grass MNG Pseudoraphis spinescens Spiny Mud Grass MNG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen Sedge MNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge


Organic Litter: 5% cover

Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)

Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MH Callitriche stagnalis Water Starwort high high









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 810: Victorian Riverina - Murray Fans bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 813: Intermittent Swampy Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with a variously shrubby and rhizomatous sedgy - turf grass understorey, at best developmentdominated by flood stimulated species in association with flora tolerant of inundation. Flooding is unreliable but extensive whenit happens. Occupies low elevation areas on river terraces (mostly at the rear of point-bar deposits or adjacent to majorfloodways) and lacustrine verges (where sometimes localised to narrow transitional bands). Soils often have a shallow sandlayer over heavy and frequently slightly brackish soils.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus camaldulensis 70 cm 15 / haEucalyptus largiflorens 50 cm


Eucalyptus largiflorens Black Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia stenophylla River CoobahMS Muehlenbeckia florulenta Tangled LignumSS Cressa cretica RosinweedLH Stemodia florulenta Blue RodLH Wahlenbergia fluminalis River BluebellMH Haloragis aspera Rough RaspwortMH Centipeda cunninghamii Common SneezeweedMH Calocephalus sonderi Pale Beauty-headsSH Epaltes australis Spreading Nut-headsMTG Sporobolus mitchellii Rat-tail CouchMTG Cyperus gymnocaulos Spring Flat-sedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMNG Cynodon dactylon var. pulchellus Native Couch



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 813: Intermittent Swampy Woodland - Victorian Riverinabioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 814: Riverine Swamp Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 25 m tall with understorey dominated by obligate wetland species (or opportunistic annuals duringsustained dry periods) and can range from closed sedgeland or herbland to grassy-herbaceous or extremely sparse and withcover primarily leaf-litter, black water or exposed alluvium. Occupies low-lying areas subject to reasonably regular flooding,typically flood-prone lower river terraces and low-lying areas adjacent to floodways through or within riverine forest.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITLarge Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 6 15% MH Large Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 30% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 65%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Wahlenbergia fluminalis River BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Alternanthera denticulata s.l. Lesser JoyweedMH Ranunculus inundatus River ButtercupMH Ranunculus pumilio var. pumilio Fan-leaf ButtercupMH Centipeda cunninghamii Common SneezeweedLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown GrassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Cynodon dactylon var. pulchellus Native Couch



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Phyla canescens Fog-fruit high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 814: Riverine Swamp Forest – Victorian Riverina bioregion




EVC 815: Riverine Swampy Woodland

Description: Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall above a grassy to sedgy – herbaceous ground layer, with species indicative of periodic water-logging. Occupies areas subject to shallow inundation only from higher-level flooding on riverine flood plain. Soils are typically heavy, cracking mottled grey-brown clays/clay-loams and water-retentive, often with a gilgai profile which can be wet during winter.

Large trees: Species DBH(cm) #/ha Eucalyptus camaldulensis 70 cm 15 / ha Eucalyptus largiflorens 50 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name 20% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum Eucalyptus largiflorens Black Box

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 3 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% MNG


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name LH Wahlenbergia fluminalis River Bluebell LH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisy MH Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo SH Lobelia concolor Poison Pratia LTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grass LTG Carex tereticaulis Rush Sedge MTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grass MNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge MNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge


Organic Litter: 10% cover

Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high low MTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low MTG Critesion hystrix Mediterranean Barley-grass high low MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 815: Riverine Swampy Woodland – Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 816: Sedgy Riverine Forest

Description:Riverine Sedgy Forest occurs on the floodplain of major rivers in areas of frequent flooding. The overstorey is a tall forest ofRiver Red Gum to 25 m tall. The groundlayer is dominated by flood-related grass and sedge species. Depending on time ofyear and flooding level, associated water plants may be present.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 7 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbMH Myriophyllum crispatum Upright Water-milfoilMH Goodenia gracilis Slender GoodeniaMH Lythrum hyssopifolia Small LoosestrifeMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Ludwigia peploides ssp. montevidensis Clove-stripSH Lobelia concolor Poison PratiaSH Elatine gratioloides WaterwortLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLTG Juncus aridicola Tussock RushMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Carex inversa Knob SedgeMTG Setaria jubiflora Warrego Summer-grassMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeEP Muellerina eucalyptoides Creeping Mistletoe







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 816: Sedgy Riverine Forest - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 819: Spike-sedge Wetland

Description:Low sedgy vegetation of species-poor seasonal or intermittent wetlands, dominated by spike-sedges. Typically treeless, butsometimes with thickets of saplings or scattered more mature specimens of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Mostly confined to anarrow ring around the upper margins of floodway ponds. Soils are typically heavy clays (e.g. mottled yellow-grey clay, greyloamy clay), occasionally silty near the surface. In some riverine sites, annual inundation is not reliable and the rhizomicrootstocks of Eleocharis acuta appear capable of surviving at least occasional periods of longer dormancy.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 60% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMH Lythrum hyssopifolia Small LoosestrifeSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water-ribbonsMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown GrassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment: Episodic/Flood – desirable period is every five years

Organic Litter:20% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 819: Spike-sedge Wetland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 821: Tall Marsh

Description:Wetland dominated by tall emergent graminoids (rushes, sedges, reeds), typically in thick species-poor swards. Competitiveexclusion in core wetland habitat - of optimum growing conditions for species tolerant of sustained shallow inundation.Occupies wetlands usually associated with anabranch creeks. Soils are almost permanently moist. Dominant species aretolerant of relatively deep and sustained inundation, but not total immersion for any sustained period.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Herb 6 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 40% LNGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMH Myriophyllum papillosum Robust Water-milfoilMH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedMH Lythrum hyssopifolia Small Loose-strifeMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaLTG Juncus ingens Giant RushLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Typha orientalis Broad-leaf CumbungiLNG Typha domingensis CumbungiMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Pseudoraphis spinescens Spiny Mud-grass

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every year


Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Salix cinerea Grey Sallow high highMH Rorippa palustris Yellow Marsh-cress high highMTG Polyopogon monspeliensis Annual Beard-grass high lowMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 821: Tall Marsh - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 823: Lignum Swampy Woodland

Description:Understorey dominated by Lignum, typically of robust character and relatively dense (at least in patches), in association with alow Eucalypt and/or Acacia woodland to 15 m tall. The ground layer includes a component of obligate wetland flora that is ableto persist even if dormant over dry periods.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus largiflorens 50 cm 15/haEucalyptus camaldulensis 70 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:% cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus largiflorens Black Box

Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 30% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% MHMedium Herb* 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 4 10% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid* 2 5% MTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid* 3 15% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/C


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia stenophylla River CoobahMS Muehlenbeckia florulenta Tangled LignumMS Chenopodium nitrariaceum Nitre GoosefootMS Muehlenbeckia florulenta Tangled LignumSS Atriplex lindleyi Flat-top SaltbushSS Sclerolaena muricata Five-spined BassiaLH Rumex spp. DockMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooMH Brachyscome ciliaris Variable DaisyMH Euchiton sphaericus Annual CudweedMH Ranunculus spp. ButtercupLNG Eragrostis australasica Cane GrassMTG Setaria jubiflora Warrego Summer-grassMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMTG Sporobolus mitchellii Short Rat-tail GrassMTG Eragrostis setifolia Bristly Love-grassMNG Eragrostis infecunda Southern Cane grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedgeSC Asperula gemella Twin-leaf Bedstraw







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 823: Lignum Swampy Woodland - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:10m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSH Phyla canescens Lippia high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 826: Plains Savannah

Description:A structurally diverse vegetation unit which includes ‘grassy openings’ of a few to many hundreds of hectares, with a variabletree density ranging from a very sparse savanna to woodland. The relative absence of eucalypts is particularly characteristic,with Allocasuarina luehmannii and perhaps Callitris gracilis subsp. murrayensis to 10 m tall being the dominant trees.Widespread on the northern plains.

+ woodland only components (ignore when assessing grassland areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cm 5/haCallitris gracilis ssp. murrayensis

Tree Canopy Cover+:% cover Character Species Common Name10% Allocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Callitris gracilis ssp. murrayensis Slender Cypress-pine

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb* 6 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 35% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid* 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 25% S/C


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia pendula BoreeMS Acacia oswaldii Umbrella WattleSS Sclerolaena napiformis Turnip CopperburrSS Sclerolaena diacantha Grey CopperburrSS Maireana decalvans Black Cotton-bushSS Pimelea curviflora s.s. Curved Rice-flowerLH Ptilotus exaltatus Mulla MullaLH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilLH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsLH Arthropodium fimbriatum Nodding Chocolate-lilyMH Calotis scabiosifolia Rough Burr-daisyMH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaMH Sida corrugata Variable SidaMH Ptilotus macrocephalus Feather HeadsSH Maireana pentagona Hairy BluebushSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Pogonolepis muelleriana Stiff Cup-flowerSH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink BindweedLTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa gibbosa Spurred Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plump Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grassMTG Whalleya proluta Rigid PanicMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 826: Plains Savannah - Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress high lowLH Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage high highLH Echium plantagineum Patterson’s curse high highLH Sisymbrium irio London Rocket high highLH Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high highMH Limonium sinuatum Notch-leaf Sea-lavender high highMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high highMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob high highMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high highMH Spergularia rubra s.l. Red Sand-spurrey high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high highMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high highMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high highMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Hedypnois cretica Cretan Hedypnois high highMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high lowMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high highMNG Brachypodium distachyon False Brome high highMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high highMNG Vulpia muralis Wall Fescue high highMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high highMTG Critesion hystrix Mediterranean Barley-grass high highMTG Critesion murinum Barley-grass high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high highMTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides False Hair-grass high lowMTG Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass high highMTG Romulea minutiflora Small-flower Onion-grass high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high highSH Medicago minima Little Medic high highSH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high highSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high low

EVC 826_61: Treed Plains Savannah

Victorian Riverina Bioregion


Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/ha

40 cmAllocasuarina luehmannii 5 / ha

0 cmCallitris gracilis subsp. murrayensis

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Allocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Callitris gracilis subsp. murrayensis Slender Cypress-pine

Understorey:#Spp %Cover LF CodeLifeform

Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Small Shrub 5% SS2

Large Herb 5% LH3

Medium Herb* 20% MH6

Small or Prostrate Herb* 10% SH3

Large Tufted Graminoid 5% LTG1

Large Non-Tufted Graminoid 5% LNG1

Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 35% MTG5

Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid 5% MNG2

Bryophytes/Lichens 10% BL

Soil Crust 25% S/C

*Largely seasonal lifeform

Description:A structurally diverse vegetation unit which includes 'grassy openings' of a few to many hundreds of hectares, with a variable treedensity ranging from a very sparse savanna to woodland. The relative absence of eucalypts is particularly characteristic, withAllocasuarina luehmannii and perhaps Callitris gracilis subsp. murrayensis to 10 m tall being the dominant trees. Widespread on thenorthern plains.



LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameSS Maireana decalvans Black Cotton-bush

SS Pimelea curviflora s.s. Curved Rice-flower

SS Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Copperburr

SS Sclerolaena napiformis Turnip CopperburrE e

LH Arthropodium fimbriatum Nodding Chocolate-lily

LH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-heads

LH Eryngium ovinum Blue Devil

LH Ptilotus exaltatus Mulla Mulla

MH Calotis scabiosifolia Rough Burr-daisy

MH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf Goodenia

MH Ptilotus macrocephalus Feather Heads

MH Sida corrugata Variable Sida

SH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat Spurge

SH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

SH Maireana pentagona Hairy Bluebush

SH Pogonolepis muelleriana Stiff Cup-flower

LTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plump Spear-grass

LTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grass

LTG Austrostipa gibbosa Spurred Spear-grass

LNG Various spp.

MTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grass

MTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grass

MTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grass

MTG Whalleya proluta Rigid Panic

MNG Various spp.

Recruitment:Continuous.


Logs:5 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactAfrican Box-thornLycium ferocissimumMS high highBurr MedicMedicago polymorphaSH high highBulbous Meadow-grassPoa bulbosaMTG high highSmall-flower Onion-grassRomulea minutifloraMTG high highNarrow-leaf CloverTrifolium angustifolium var.

angustifoliumMH high high

Buck's-horn PlantainPlantago coronopusMH high highNotch-leaf Sea-lavenderLimonium sinuatumMH high highCape WeedArctotheca calendulaMH high highWild OatAvena fatuaLNG high highCapitate RushJuncus capitatusMNG high highWall FescueVulpia muralisMNG high highRat's-tail FescueVulpia myurosMNG high highGreat BromeBromus diandrusMTG high highMediterranean Barley-grassHordeum hystrixMTG high highBarley-grassHordeum murinum s.l.MTG high highWimmera Rye-grassLolium rigidumMTG high highHorehoundMarrubium vulgareLH high highSoursobOxalis pes-capraeMH high highHare's-foot CloverTrifolium arvense var. arvenseMH high high



Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactHop CloverTrifolium campestre var. campestreMH high highCretan HedypnoisHedypnois creticaMH high highBearded OatAvena barbataMNG high highFalse BromeBrachypodium distachyonMNG high highOnion GrassRomulea roseaMTG high highSquirrel-tail FescueVulpia bromoidesMTG high highPaterson's CurseEchium plantagineumLH high highLondon RocketSisymbrium irioLH high highCluster CloverTrifolium glomeratumSH high lowCommon PeppercressLepidium africanumLH high lowSmooth Cat's-earHypochoeris glabraMH high lowRed Sand-spurreySpergularia rubra s.l.MH high lowCat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowKnotted CloverTrifolium striatumMH high lowSubterranean CloverTrifolium subterraneumMH high lowQuicksilver GrassAira cupanianaMNG high lowFalse Hair-grassPentaschistis airoides subsp. airoidesMTG high lowOx-tongueHelminthotheca echioidesLH high lowLittle MedicMedicago minimaSH high highWild SageSalvia verbenacaLH high high

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Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 829: Chenopod Grassland

Description:Open to sparse shrubland with a more or less continuous tussock grass sward found on heavy somewhat sodic clay plainsfringing the active floodplains of major watercourses such as the Loddon and Avoca Rivers.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 20% MSSmall Shrub 6 30% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herbs* 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herbs* 4 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 20% MTGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/C


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Lycium australe Australian Box-thornMS Nitraria billardierei Nitre-bushSS Maireana aphylla Leafless BluebushSS Sclerolaena diacantha Grey CopperburrSS Minuria cunninghamii Bush MinuriaSS Rhagodia spinescens Hedge SaltbushPS Sclerochlamys brachyptera Short-wing SaltbushPS Atriplex semibaccata Berry SaltbushLH Podolepis canescens Grey PodolepisLH Leiocarpa panaetioides Woolly ButtonsMH Rhodanthe stuartiana Clay SunrayMH Teucrium racemosum s.s. Grey GermanderMH Maireana excavata Bottle BluebushMH Sida corrugata Variable SidaSH Hyalosperma glutinosum ssp. glutinosum Golden SunraySH Hyalosperma semisterile Orange SunraySH Rhodanthe pygmaea Pygmy SunraySH Pogonolepis muelleriana Stiff Cup-flowerLTG Austrostipa aristiglumis Plump Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa spp. Spear-grassMTG Whalleya proluta Rigid PanicMTG Enteropogon acicularis Spider GrassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass









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EVC 829: Chenopod Grassland - Victorian Riverina bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle high highMH Limonium lobatum Winged Sea-lavender high highMH Hedypnois cretica Cretan Hedypnois high highMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high highMH Romulea rosea Onion Grass high highSH Moraea setifolia Thread Iris high highSH Medicago spp. Medic high highMTG Critesion murinum subsp. leporinum Wall Barley-grass high highMNG Bromus madritensis Madrid Brome high highMNG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high high



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 882: Shallow Sands Woodland (syn. Pine Box Woodland)

Description:Woodland or open-forest to 15 m tall, with a sparse shrub layer of heathy, ericoid shrubs and a species-rich ground coverdominated by grasses and annual herbs. Typically it occurs between the heavier soils of the plains and the deep-sand aeoliandunefields which overlay these plains, but also occurs on broader areas of plains covered by shallow fluvial, outwash or aeoliansands overlaying drainage-impeding clays.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cmCallitris glaucophylla 40 cm


Allocasuarina luehmannii BulokeCallitris glaucophylla White Cypress-pine

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSMedium Herb 10 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Acacia montana Mallee WattleMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaSS Pimelea curviflora s.s. Curved Rice-flowerSS Eutaxia microphylla Common EutaxiaSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Wahlenbergia luteola Yellowish BluebellMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Austrodanthonia geniculata Kneed Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Lomandra multiflora ssp. multiflora Many-flowered Mat-rushTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily







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EVC 882: Shallow Sands Woodland (syn. Pine Box Woodland) -Victorian Riverina bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Vulpia myuros f. myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low



Victorian Riverina bioregionEVC 888: Plains Saltmarsh

Description:Typically species-poor samphire dominated low shrubland to 0.5 m tall, or locally variously herbland or grassland. Occurs inseasonally or intermittently waterlogged shallow depressions on salinised heavy grey clay soils.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeSmall Shrub 1 10% SS Prostrate Shrub 1 5% PS Medium Herb 3 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 10% SH Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 60%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameSS Halosarcia pergranulata Blackseed GlasswortSS Halosarcia syncarpa Fused GlasswortPS Wilsonia rotundifolia Round-leaf WilsoniaMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Spergularia sp. 3 Salt Sea-spurreySH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Angianthus preissianus Salt AngianthusSH Apium prostratum ssp. prostratum Annual CeleryMTG Puccinellia stricta var. perlaxa Plains Saltmarsh-grassMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grass










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EVC 888: Plains Saltmarsh - Victorian Riverina bioregion

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