victory in europe chapter 27, section 3. review u.s. first offensive in europe started out rather...
TRANSCRIPT
Review
U.S. first offensive in Europe started out rather cautiously. What was this offensive called? What was the plan?
Allies now going into the soft underbelly of Europe
Allied Attacks in the Mediterranean
Invasion of Italy North Africa offered a gateway to Sicily July 1943 – Allied troops subdued Sicily in a little over a
month Guided by George S. Patton
Italian king named new prime minister to replace Mussolini and ordered his arrested. Germans took Mussolini – set up a base for him in northern Italy
January 1944 – Allies landed in south Rome at Anzio Rome falls to U.S. and Britain
1945 – Germans occupying Italy defeated; Mussolini captured and shot by Italian rebels
Question: Why was losing Italy an important defeat to the Axis powers?
Sea and Air Assaults
German U-boats continued to take a toll on allied ships, lives, and supplies
Battle of the Atlantic turned in the Allies favor because of refined sonar equipment. Uses sound waves to detect underwater objects
Allies developed fast escort ships for convoys Allies air bombed German U-boats and
submarine yards 1944 – Allies won Battle of the Atlantic
Creative Representation
After being cautious at the beginning of the war, the Allies were starting to turn the war in Europe to their favor.
Draw an image or icon that represents this problem and how it worked in America
Surround your image with a word cloud including at least 5 nouns, 5 verbs, and 5 adjectives
Discuss and develop with your partner You have 6 minutes
Operation Overlord
Allied invasion of German-occupied France U.S. Army chief of staff and key allied
strategist George C. Marshall led the planning General Dwight D. Eisenhower led the invasion
Dummies and false clues installed to convince Germans the invasion would be near Calais on the English Channel
Instead, Allies landed farther north in Normandy on D-Day June 6, 1944
Operation Overlord
General Omar Bradley led troops that landed at Normandy
Planes dropped 23,000 airborne troops Bombed roads,
bridges, and German troop concentrations
Operation Overlord
Germans fortified Normandy beaches with concrete bunkers, tank traps, and mines Allied campaign of disinformation and
distraction had done its job Hitler refused to send reinforcements to
Normandy because he believed the main invasion would be elsewhere
Operation Overlord
Success: 20 miles into France by early July Liberated Paris on August 25, 1944 Early September – 2 million Allied troops
landed in western Europe
Video
Answer these questions while watching the video: How did the men prepare for D-Day? How did their generals attempt to keep
morale up, knowing their men would most likely die in battle? Cite specific examples.
Write down specific strategic information pertaining to D-Day that you saw in the video.
How did Saving Private Ryan depict the chaos that ensued on D-Day?
The Holocaust
Nazi Germany’s systematic slaughter of European Jews, Gypsies, Poles, mentally disabled, and religious and political prisoners.
Made camps specifically for genocide Deliberate annihilation of an entire people
Nazis called the extermination program the “final solution of the Jewish problem”
Battle of the Bulge
September 1944 – Allies crossed German border
Germans launch final counterattack Thickly wooded Ardennes region of Belgium
and northern France Pushed to create a dangerous bulge in the
Allied lines 200,000 Germans vs. 80,000 U.S. troops
Allied generals rushed in reinforcements and pushed Germans back
Video
Answer these questions while watching the video: What is Germany’s strategy at the Battle of
the Bulge? How does the situation for the Americans
get worse? Why were Americans refreshed by the
victory in the Ardennes?
The Yalta Conference
February 1945 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin met to plan for postwar peace
The Yalta Conference
Stalin pledged to declare war on Japan three months after Germany’s surrender
Agreed to divide and occupy Germany after the war and outlined plans for a new international peace organization
Presidency
Urgency of the war effort convinced President Roosevelt to run for an unprecedented fourth term Missouri Senator, Harry S. Truman as his
running mate Roosevelt won the election
The Race to Berlin
Early months of 1945 – Allied bombers continued to blast German cities Leipzig and Berlin
March 1945 – Allied troops crossed the Rhine River from the west and drove into the heart of Germany
Soviet troops occupied much of eastern Europe
April 1945 – Allied advance halted at the Elbe River
End of the Fuhrer
April 30, 1945 – Hitler committed suicide in his bunker deep under the ruins of Berlin.
May 7, 1945 – Germany surrendered unconditionally
May 8, 1945 – known as V-E (Victory in Europe) Day Marked the formal end of a brutal war that
held Europe in its grip for more than five years
Video
Answer these questions while watching the video: How did the Allies celebrate their victory
over Germany? What was President Truman’s message to
the American people?