video basics – chapter 4 the video camera. chapter 4 basic camera function & elements...
TRANSCRIPT
Video Basics – Chapter 4
The Video Camera
Chapter 4
Basic Camera Function & ElementsTechnical Jargon
Two-Chip high-resolution imaging device• Camera that will produce excellent color, good
light, dark contrast, sharp picture.
Chapter 4
Fast Lens Not related to Speed Lens will allow enough light to video in low
light conditions
10:1 Power Zoom Lens Allows smooth transition from wide to
close-up or vise versa using toggle switch
Chapter 4
High Variable Shutter Speed Prevents fast moving objects from looking
blurred.
Chapter 4
Auto Iris Lens will sense how much light is needed
and adjust automatically.
Auto Focus Keeps picture sharp
Auto White Balance Colors look good/exact/true
Chapter 4
Built-in Character Generator You can print text on the video picture
Lux Light – you can record in very low light
levels. 3 Lux…2Lux…1 Lux
Chapter 4
Low-noise Gain Nothing to do with sound The ability of the camera to produce
pictures in very low light conditions without little picture deterioration (snow)
Chapter 4
Flying Erase Head Allows you to edit in the camera Insert scenes over video without any
breakup of signal
High signal-to-noise ratio Nothing to do with sound Picture signal is stronger than any
electronic interference
Chapter 4
Built-in Time Code Generator Each video frame is assigned a number Like your street address Editing unit will read this address Numbers help you find scenes
Chapter 4
Audio Connections Pro cameras – XLR (the best/reliable) Consumer Cameras – Mini & RCA
Chapter 4
Video Camera Function Main Function -- translate an optical image
into electrical signals that are reconverted by a television receiver into visible images.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Beam Splitter – splits White light into Red, Green, & Blue light.
Chapter 4
CCDs – transform RGB into electrical energy, which is amplified and processed, then reconverted into video pictures by the Viewfinder.
Chapter 4
VHS
Camera
Chapter 4
VHS
Camera
Chapter 4
The Lens Determines what the camera can see.
Focal Length How much of a scene we can see through
a lens from a specific position and how magnified distant objects look
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Lens Glass Filter
Grooves
.755 mm
Info on ring
Chapter 4
Focal Length Short Focal Length – wide angle view
• Zoom Out Long Focal Length – Narrow but much
closer view of scene• Zoom In
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Zoom Range Refers to how close a view you can get
when zooming In from the wide angle position. The higher the first (14x1) number the closer you can get.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Zoom Range 10x1 14x1 24x1 48x1 Etc.
Chapter 4
Lens Speed How much light can pass through a lens to the
imaging device.Fast Lens
Allow great amount of lightSlow Lens
Allows limited amount of lightCheck Lens Speed
Lower the f-stop number = fast lens
Chapter 4
Lens Iris Controls light passing into camera Functions similar to your eyes Bright lights the iris closes down Low light, the iris opens up Measure iris opening via f-stop
• 1.4, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22• Lower number more light
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Video Camera Iris Studio Camera Demonstration
Chapter 4
Auto Iris Adjusts lens opening automatically to the
optimal aperture – allows correct amount of light into camera.
Chapter 4
Fast Shutter Speed – 1/5000, 1/10,000 High f-stop number – 16, 22 (Min light) Automatically adjusts f-stop
Slow Shutter Speed – 1/4, 1/8 Low f-stop number – 1.4, 2 (Max light) Automatically adjusts f-stop
Chapter 4
Beam Splitter Separates White light into Red, Green,
Blue Red, Green & Blue are called the primary
colors. RGB – basic light colors from which all
other light colors can be mixed
Chapter 4
Beam Splitter Series of prisms and filters locked into a
prism block Imaging devices connected to the prisms
transform beams into electrical energy called the RGB video signals
Chapter 4
RGB
Chapter 4
Imaging Device Changes light into electric energy CCD – Charge-coupled device Small, silicon chip Chip has light sensing picture elements called
pixels Pixels change light energy into electric current Determines video picture quality
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
CCD Pro cameras have 3 CCDs
• One for each color– CCD for Red– CCD for Green– CCD for Blue
Chapter 4
Video Processing RGB signals referred to as chrominance
signal Brightness signal referred to as luminance
signal Combined Chrominance and Luminance =
Composite Signal or NTSC signal. NTSC is U.S. standard format
Chapter 4
Viewfinder Small TV monitor either B&W of color
Chapter 4
Video Cameras Studio Cameras Field Cameras
• ENG – Electronic News Gathering• EFP – Electronic Field Production
Chapter 4
Studio
Cameras
Chapter 4
Studio Camera Chain Camera Head - Body Power Supply Sync Generator – uniform electrical pulse
to synchronize the scanning of the video pictures in a variety of equipment (monitors, viewfinders)
CCU – Camera Control Unit
Chapter 4
Camera Chain
Chapter 4
CCUs
Chapter 4
Video Production Cables BNC RCA UHF XLR Quarter Inch Connectors
Chapter 4
Aspect Ratio The relationship between the height and
width of a video picture. Standard TV set is 3:4
• 3 units high and 4 units wide HDTV is 3:5
• 3 units high and 5 units wide
Chapter 4
ENG/EFP Cameras Designed to be used by one person High quality Battery operated Tape deck inside camera Microphone on camera or external mic can
be connected
Chapter 4
ENGEFP$10K$15K$25K& Up
Chapter 4
Dockable Cameras Camera body and VCR are separate VCR plugs into back of Camera
Chapter 4
Studio Conversion Unit Converting ENG/EFP camera into studio
camera
Chapter 4
Studio
Chapter 4
Chapter Review Key Terms – Beginning of chapter Key Concepts – End of chapter
Chapter 4
Questions?