viessmann vitosol thermal solar collectors system design guidelines

VITOSOL

Viessmann solar collectors –the right solution for every application

Using solar energy to heat domestic hot water and toprovide a backup for space heating

Vitosol 200-FFlat plate solar collector for installation on pitchedand flat roofs, and for freestanding installation

Vitosol 300-TVacuum tube solar collector, based on the heat pipeprinciple, for installation on sloped and flat roofs and forfreestanding installation

System Design Guidelines

Vitosol 200-F Vitosol 300-TModel SP3

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Safety, Installation and Warranty Requirements

2

Safety, Installation and Warranty Requirements

Please ensure that these instructions are read and understood before commencing installation. Failure to comply with theinstructions listed below and details printed in this manual can cause product/property damage, severe personal injury, and/orloss of life. Ensure all requirements below are understood and fulfilled (including detailed information found in manualsubsections).

H Licensed professional heatingcontractorThe installation, adjustment, service,and maintenance of this equipmentmust be performed by a licensedprofessional heating contractor.

" Please see sectionentitled “ImportantRegulatory andInstallationRequirements”.

H Product documentationRead all applicable documentationbefore commencing installation. Storedocumentation near boiler in a readilyaccessible location for reference inthe future by service personnel.

" For a listing ofapplicable literature,please see sectionentitled “ImportantRegulatory and SafetyRequirements”.

H Advice to ownerOnce the installation work iscomplete, the heating contractor mustfamiliarize the systemoperator/ultimate owner with allequipment, as well as safetyprecautions/requirements, shut-downprocedure, and the need forprofessional service annually.

HWarrantyInformation contained inthis and related productdocumentation must beread and followed. Failureto do so renders warrantynull and void.

H Grounding/lightning protection of thesolar systemIn the lower part of the building,install an electrical conductor on thesolar circuit’s piping system incompliance with local regulations.Connection of the solar system to anew or existing lightning protection orthe provision of local grounding shouldonly be carried out by a licensedprofessional, who must take intoaccount the prevailing conditions onsite.

H ApplicabilityVitosol solar collectors are designedfor use in closed loop heating systemsfor domestic hot water heating, spaceheating and pool heating via a heatexchanger. The use of Viessmannheat transfer medium “Tyfocor-HTL”is strongly recommended.

Pool water or potable water cannot bepumped directly through the Vitosolcollectors. Damage to collectors causedby corrosion, freezing or scaling willvoid warranty.

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Observe maximum load and distancefrom edge before installing thesubstructure to the roof. If necessary,consult with a structural engineer todetermine if the structure is suitablefor installing solar collectors. Thecollectors must be securely mountedso that the mountings can withstandintense wind conditions and localsnow loads.

CAUTION

Gloves and eye protection must beworn when handling solar panels.

CAUTION

Solar panel connection pipes andsolar heating fluid can become hotenough to cause severe burns.Extreme caution must be taken ifpanels have been in a stagnantcondition (no flow of fluid).

CAUTION

Avoid scratching or sudden shocks toglass cover of the solar panel.

CAUTION

Never step on collectors or solder inclose proximity to the glass surfaceof the solar panel.

CAUTION

IMPORTANT

Contents

3

Contents Page

Safety Safety InstructionsImportant Regulatory and Installation Requirements

General Information About these InstructionsProduct InformationImportant Regulatory and Installation Requirements

Basic Principles of Solar Technology Subsidies, Permits and Insurance 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Solar Energy 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HExploiting solar energy 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Solar radiation 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HGlobal radiation 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Exploiting solar energy with collectors 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Influence of alignment, inclination and shade on energy yield 10. . . . . . . . .H Inclination and orientation of collectors 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HAngle of inclination 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Overall System Optimisation 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specification Construction and Function of Collectors 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HVitosol 200-F – flat panel collector 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HVitosol 300-T – vacuum tube collector based on the heat pipe principle 14Collector Efficiency 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Solar coverage 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Collector Installation and Mounting Details 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Installation options for different collector types 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HVitosol 200-F flat panel collector 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Support weight requirements - Vitosol 300-T 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General Installation Instructions 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notes on Planning and Operation Calculating the Required Absorber Surface Area 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HCalculating the absorber surface area and DHW cylinder capacity 27. . . . .HCalculating the absorber surface area for space heating 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sizing Pipe Diameters and Circulation Pump 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Sizing pipe diameters 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Installation examples for Vitosol 200-F, models SV2 and SH2 35. . . . . . . .HCollector pressure drop information 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Sizing pipe circulation pump 35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Technical information on the Solar-Divicon 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Safety Equipment 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Liquid capacity of solar heating system components 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HDiaphragm expansion vessel 39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Technical data for the expansion tank 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Pressure relief valve 41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HHigh limit safety cut-out 41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Thermostatic mixing valve 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accessories 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Contents

4

Contents (continued) Page

System Designs General Information 44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HHow to implement the installation 44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .System Design 1 45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HDual-mode DHW heating with Vitocell-B 100 or Vitocell-B 300DHW tanks 45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

System Design 2 47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HDual-mode DHW heating and space heating backupwith heating water storage tank 47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

System Design 3 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HDual-mode DHW heating with two DHW tanks 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .System Design 4 53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HDual-mode DHW and swimming pool water heating 53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .System Design Extensions 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H System with bypass circuit 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Bypass circuit with solar cell 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H System with energy-saving mode 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix Calculation Example Based on the Viessmann ”ESOP” Program 58. . . . . . . .H Solar heating systm with dual-coil DHW tank 58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Glossary 60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Safety

5

Important Regulatory and Installation Requirements

CodesThe installation of solar heatingsystems might be governed byindividual local rules and regulations forthis type of product, which must beobserved. The installation of this unitshall be in accordance with local codes.Always use latest editions of codes.

Mechanical roomEnsure the mechanical room complieswith the requirements of the systemdesign guideline and/or technical datamanual.The solar storage tank must be installedin a mechanical room which is neversubject to freezing temperatures.If not in use and danger of freezingexists in the mechanical room, ensurewater in tank is drained.

Please carefully read this manual priorto attempting installation. Anywarranty is null and void if theseinstructions are not followed.

This product must be installedobserving not only the necessaryproduct literature (see list), but alsoall local, provincial/state plumbing andbuilding codes, as they apply to thisproduct and all periphery equipment.

For information regarding otherViessmann System Technologycomponentry, please referencedocumentation of the respectiveproduct.

We offer frequent installation andservice seminars to familiarize ourpartners with our products. Pleaseinquire.

Working on the equipmentThe installation, adjustment, service,and maintenance of this equipmentmust be done by a licensed professionalheating contractor who is qualified andexperienced in the installation, service,and maintenance of solar heatingsystems. There are no user serviceableparts on this equipment.

Ensure main power supply toequipment, the heating system, and allexternal controls has been deactivated.Take precautions in both instances toavoid accidental activation of powerduring service work.

The completeness and functionality offield supplied electrical controls andcomponents must be verified by theheating contractor. These includepumps, valves, air vents, thermostats,temperature and pressure reliefcontrols, etc.

Technical literatureLiterature applicable to all aspects ofthe Vitosol:- Technical Data Manual- Installation Instructions- Start-up/Service Instructions- Operating Instructionsand User’s Information Manual

- System Design Guidelines

Leave all literature at the installationsite and advise the systemoperator/ultimate owner where theliterature can be found. ContactViessmann for additional copies.

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General Information

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About these Instructions

Take note of all symbols and notations intended to draw attention to potential hazards or important productinformation. These include ”WARNING”, ”CAUTION”, and ”IMPORTANT”. See below.

Warnings draw your attention to thepresence of potential hazards orimportant product information.

Cautions draw your attention to thepresence of potential hazards orimportant product information.

Helpful hints for installation, operationor maintenance which pertain to theproduct.

This symbol indicates that additional,pertinent information is to be found inthe adjacent column.

This symbol indicates that otherinstructions must be referenced.

Product Information

Vitosol 200-F, Models SV2, SH2Flat panel solar collector with 25 ft.2 /2.3 m2 collector area.

Max. stagnation temperature 430°F /221°C

Max. operating pressure 87 psig /6 bar

Vitosol 300-T, SP3 SeriesVacuum tube solar collector with 22and 32 ft.2 / 2 and 3 m2 collector area.

Max. stagnation temperature 302°F /150°C

Max. operating pressure 87 psig /6 bar

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Indicates an imminently hazardoussituation which, if not avoided, couldresult in substantial product/propertydamage, serious injury or loss of life.

WARNING

Indicates an imminently hazardoussituation which, if not avoided, mayresult in minor injury orproduct/property damage.

CAUTION

IMPORTANT

Basic Principles of Solar Technology

7

Subsidies, Permits and Insurance

Solar heating systems for DHW orswimming pool heating are subsidisedby many regional and local authorities.Request information about subsidiesfrom your local authority.Further information is available from oursales offices.

Your local planning office will be able toadvise you about whether solar heatingsystems need planning permission.

Viessmann solar collectors are testedfor impact resistance, incl. hail impact,in accordance with DIN EN 12975-2.Nevertheless, we would recommendyou include the collectors in yourbuilding insurance, to protect you fromlosses arising from any extraordinarynatural phenomenon. Our warrantyexcludes such losses.

Solar Energy

Exploiting solar energy

The sun has provided the earth withlight and heat for billions of years.Without it, our existence on earthwould be impossible.We have been using the sun’s heatsince time immemorial. In summer, itheats our buildings directly, while inwinter we make use of solar energystored in the form of wood, coal, oil andgas, to provide heat for our buildingsand domestic hot water.To protect fuel reserves, the heatingindustry has committed itself to findingmore responsible ways of handlingthese precious resources, which haveaccumulated naturally over millions ofyears.One rational way of achieving this aim isto make direct use of solar energy bymeans of collectors.

Thanks to the use of highlysophisticated collectors and a perfectlymatched overall system, the economicuse of solar energy is no longer afuturistic vision, but a proven everydayreality.Considering that fuel prices willcontinue to rise in the years ahead,investing in a solar heating system canbe viewed as a ”genuine” investment inthe future.

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RT

S

directradiation

Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Solar

irrad

iation

inW

h/(m

xd)

diffusedradiation2

8

Solar Energy (continued)

Solar radiation

Diffused celestial radiationDirect solar radiationWind, rain, snow, convectionConvection lossesConduction losses

Heat radiation of the absorberHeat radiation of the glass coverUseful collector outputReflection

RT ReturnS Supply

Solar radiation represents a flow ofenergy irradiated uniformly in alldirections by the sun. Of that energy,an output of 429 Btu/h/ft.2 or1.36 kW/m2, the so-called solarconstant, hits the outer earth’satmosphere.

Global radiation

After penetrating the earth’satmosphere, the solar radiation isreduced by reflection, dispersion andabsorption by dust particles andgaseous molecules. That portion of thisradiation which passes unimpededthrough the atmosphere to strike theearth’s surface is known as directradiation.

The portion of the solar radiation whichis reflected and/or absorbed by dustparticles and gas molecules andirradiated back strikes the earth’ssurface indirectly is known as diffusedradiation.

The total radiation striking the earth’ssurface is the global radiation Eg, i.e.,global radiation = direct radiation +diffused radiation.In the latitudes of North America, thetypical global radiation under optimumconditions (clear, cloudless sky at mid-day) amounts to a max. of 317Btu/h/ft.2 or 1 000 W/m2.With solar collectors, as much as 75%of this global radiation can be utilised,depending on the type of collector.

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9


Exploiting solar energy using solar collectors

The useful energy which a collector canabsorb depends on several factors.The main factor is the total solar energyavailable.

The amount of global energy variesfrom location to location (see mapsbelow).

The type of collector, as well as itsinclination and orientation, are also veryimportant (see page 10). If the solarinstallation is to be operatedeconomically, careful dimensioning ofthe system components is alsoessential.

Annual global radiation in Canada

Annual global radiation in the United States

Note: Average mean daily global radiation on a south-facing surface tilted at an angle equal to the latitude of the location.

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Btu/ft2/day2.5 - 3 kwh/m2/day 787-945

3 - 3.3 kwh/m2/day 945-1040

3.3 - 3.6 kwh/m2/day 1040-1134

3.6 - 3.9 kwh/m2/day 1134-12283.9 - 4.2 kwh/m2/day 1228-1323

4.2 - 4.4 kwh/m2/day 1323-1386

4.4 - 4.7 kwh/m2/day 1386-1481

> 4.7 kwh/m2/day >1481

Btu/ft2/day3 - 4 kwh/m2/day 945-1260

4 - 5 kwh/m2/day 1260-1575

5 - 6 kwh/m2/day 1575-1890

6 - 7 kwh/m2/day 1890-2205


Example:30°; 45° south-west

Annualirradiationin %

Angle ofinclinationSouth

EastWest

North

10


Influence of alignment, inclination and shade on energy yield

Optimum alignment and inclination

The solar generator provides the highestannual solar yield for a DHW systemwhen facing south with an inclination ofapprox. 30 to 35 degreesto the horizontal plane. However, theinstallation of a solar heating system isstill viable even when the installationdeviates quite significantly from theabove (south-westerly to south-easterlyalignment, 25 to 55 degreesinclination).

The graph illustrates the loss of yieldresulting from an installation of thecollector array which is less thanperfect. The graph also indicates that ashallower inclination is more favourable,if the collector surface cannot bepointed south. A solar heating systemwith a 30º inclination and an alignmentof 45º south-westerly still achieves95% of its optimum yield. Even with aneast-westerly alignment, you can stillexpect 85% with a roof inclinationbetween 25º and 40º.

A more steeply sloped installationwould be more favourable in winter, butthe system achieves two thirds of itsyield during the summer months. On theother hand, an angle of inclination lessthan 20 degrees should be avoided,otherwise the solar generator willbecome too contaminated, orsnowcovered.

Installing the collector array on differentroofs requires complex hydraulicinterconnections between the individualcollectors.Every array is equipped with a separatecollector temperature sensor and aseparate pump line.The increase in energy yield is thereforeoffset by the higher installation costs,resulting in a significantly reducedcost:benefit ratio.

Shade reduces energy yield

Position and size the collector array sothat the influence of neighbouringstructures, trees, power lines, etc.,which throw shadows over the array, isminimised. Also consider howneighbouring properties will be likely todevelop over a period of 20 years, asregards additional buildings, plants andsaplings.

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Collector planeAzimuth angle

Example:

Deviation from south: 15º east

The angle of inclination for Vitosol300-T collectors must be at least 25º inorder to guarantee circulation of theevaporator liquid in the heat pipe

IMPORTANT

11


Inclination and orientation of collectors

To achieve optimum energy absorption,the collectors must be oriented towardsthe sun.The angle of inclination and the azimuthangle are the dimensions used todetermine the orientation of thecollectors.

Angle of inclination

Angle of inclination α

The angle of inclination a is the anglebetween the horizontal and the collectorplane.For pitched roof installations, the angle ofinclination is determined by the slope of theroof.The largest amount of energy can becaptured by the collector’s absorber whenthe collector plane is aligned at rightangles to the irradiation of the sun.Because the angle of irradiation dependson the time of day and the time of year,the collector plane should be alignedaccording to the position of the sun duringthe phase of maximum energy supply.

In practice, angles of inclination ofbetween 30 and 45º have proven to beideal.For most installations in North America,for example, an angle of inclination ofbetween 25 and 70º is advantageous,depending on the period of use.

Lower angles of inclination are better forapplications where more energy isrequired in the summer months (i.e. poolheating). Higher angles of inclination arebetter for applications where more energyis required in the winter months.Capturing the maximum amount of energythroughout the year can be achieved usingan angle of inclination equal to the latitudeof the building site. This is ideal fordomestic hot water heating applications.

Azimuth angle

The azimuth angle describes the deviationof the collector plane from south; thecollector plane aligned to the south is theazimuth angle = 0º.Because solar irradiation is at its mostintensive at midday, the collector planeshould be oriented as closely as possibleto the south. However, deviations fromsouth up to 45º south-east or south-westhave minimal impact on annual energyproduction.5

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12

Overall System Optimization

A high-quality solar collector cannot byitself guarantee the optimum operationof a solar installation. This dependsmore on the complete system solutionas a whole.Viessmann supplies all the componentsrequired for a solar heating system:

H a control unit that is tailored to theindividual solar heating system,

H a DHW tank incorporating a solar heatexchanger low inside the tank,

H a preassembled pump station with allnecessary hydraulic components,

H design details aimed at achievingfast-responding control and thereforemaximum yields from the solarheating system.

Correctly designed solar heatingsystems with well matched systemcomponents can cover 50 to 80% ofthe annual energy demand for DHWheating in detached and semi-detachedhouses.We will be pleased to assist you withthe design of solar heating systems.The elements of a solar heating systemare shown in the diagram.

Solar collectorSolar-Divicon (pumping station)Overflow containerExpansion vesselSolar manual filling pumpSystem fill manifold valve

Brass elbow c/w sensor wellDual-mode DHW tank

I Tank temperature sensorAir separatorSolar control unitFlexible connection pipe

Collector temperature sensor

Fast air-vent, c/w shutoff valve *1

R Return to collectorS Supply from collector

*1 Install at least one air-vent valve (quick-acting air-vent valve or a manual vent valve, see page 43) at the highest point ofthe system.

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S R

TT

T

I

DCW

DHW

Specification

13

Construction and Function of Collectors

Vitosol 200-F flat panel collector

Continuous profiled seal (vulcanised)Solar glass cover, 3.2 mm thickMeander-shaped copper pipeCopper absorberMelamine resin foam

Technical Data Vitosol 200-F, SV2/SH2

Mineral fiberAluminum frame sectionsAluminum-zinc bottom panelConnection pipe

Vitosol 200-F flat plate solar collector isavailable as:

H Vertical version Model SV2 andhorizontal version Model SH2, eachoffering 2.3 m2 / 25 ft2 absorbersurface.

The main component of Vitosol 100 isthe Sol-Titanium coated copperabsorber.It ensures high absorption of solarradiation and low emission of thermalradiation. A copper pipe through whichthe heat transfer medium flows is fittedto the absorber. The heat transfermedium channels the absorber heatthrough the copper pipe.The meander-shaped direct flowabsorber of models SV2 and SH2provides an extremely even flowthrough each individual collector in thecollector arrays.The absorber is surrounded by a highlyinsulated collector housing whichminimises collector heat losses. Thehigh quality thermal insulation providestemperature stability and is free fromgas emissions.The cover comprises a solar glass panel.The glass has a very low iron content,thereby reducing reflection losses.

The collector housing comprises apowder-coated aluminium frame(recycled aluminium), within which thesolar glass panel is permanently sealed.

Model SV2 and SH2Up to twelve collectors can be joined toform a single collector array. For thispurpose, the standard delivery includesflexible connection pipes, sealed withO-rings.

A general connection kit with clampingring connections enables the collectorarray to be readily attached to the pipesof the solar circuit.The collector temperature sensor isinstalled in the solar circuit flow via asensor well set.

Model Gross Area AbsorberArea

ApertureArea

Dimensions Weight

m2 ft2 m2 ft2 m2 ft2 mm in kg lb

SV2 2.51 27.0 2.32 25 2.33 25.1 1056x2380x90

41¾x93¾x3½

52 115

SH2 2.51 27.0 2.32 25 2.33 25.1 2380x90x1056

93¾x41¾xx3½

52 115

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Specification

14

Construction and Function of Collectors (continued)

Vitosol 300-T vacuum tube collector

Evacuated glass tubeHeat pipeAbsorber

CondenserDouble pipe heat exchanger

Technical Data Vitosol 300-T, 2m2/3m2

Model Gross Area AbsorberArea

ApertureArea

Dimensions Weight

m2 ft2 m2 ft2 m2 ft2 mm in kg lb

2m2 2.83 30.5 2.05 22 2.11 22.7 1419x1996x122

55¾x78½x4¾

45 99

3m2 4.24 45.6 3.07 33 3.17 34.1 2126x1996x122

83¾x78½x4¾

68 150

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Vitosol 300-T vacuum tube collectorsare available in two types:20 tube version,30 tube version

The tube shape gives the collector greatstability and high impact resistence.Re-evacuation of the tubes is notnecessary as the tubes have apermanent airtight seal.

The vacuum in the glass tubes ensuresoptimum heat insulation. Convectionlosses between the glass tube and theabsorber are almost completelyeliminated. This enables the utilisationof even low radiation levels (diffusedradiation). The performance of thecollector does not drop off assignificantly in cold weather as a flatplate collector. On average,approximately 30% to 50% higherannual solar energy gain than flat platecollectors can be expected.Built into each vacuum tube is aSol-Titanium coated copper absorber. Itis a highly selective surface thatensures high absorption of solarradiation and low emission of thermalradiation.

A heat pipe filled with an evaporatorliquid is arranged on the absorber. Theheat pipe is connected to the condenservia a flexible coupling. The condenser ismounted in a double pipe heatexchanger.This involves a so-called ”dryconnection”, i.e. pipes can be rotated orreplaced even when the installation isfilled and under pressure.Heat is transferred from the absorber tothe heat pipe. This lets the liquidevaporate. The vapour then rises to thecondenser.The heat is transferred to the passingheat transfer medium by thedouble-pipe heat exchanger containingthe condenser which causes the vapourto condense. The condensate flowsback into the heat pipe and the processis repeated.

Please note:The angle of inclination must be at least25º to guarantee circulation of theevaporator liquid inside the heatexchanger.

Specification

15

Construction and Function of Collectors (continued)

Vitosol 300-T (continued)

Legend

Groove for retaining clip

Absorber surface areas of up to 6 m2

can be joined to form a single collectorarray. For this purpose, the standarddelivery includes flexible connectionpipes, sealed with O-rings.A connection kit with clamping ringconnections enables the collector arrayto be readily connected to the pipes ofthe solar circuit.The collector temperature sensor isinstalled in a sensor mounting on theflow pipe in the connection housing ofthe collectors.

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102mm /4”

Specification

16

Collector Efficiency

Some of the solar radiation striking theglass of the collectors is ”lost” due toreflection and absorption. The opticalefficiency ηo takes these losses intoaccount.

When the collectors heat up, theytransfer heat to the environment as theresult of conduction, radiation andconvection. These thermal losses areallowed for by the heat loss factors k1and k2 .

The heat loss factors and opticalefficiency combine to form the collectorefficiency curve which can becalculated on the basis of the followingformula:

η= ηo− k1 ⋅ ∆TEg− k2 ⋅ ∆T

2

Eg

Eg= radiation intensity (W/m2)∆ T = Temperature difference between

ambient air and collector fluid ºC

If the difference between the collectorand ambient temperature is zero, thecollector loses no heat to theenvironment, and the efficiency η is atits maximum level; this is known as theoptical efficiency ηo.

The thermal capacity is a measure ofthe thermal inertia of the collector, andshows the response behaviour of thecollector when heating and cooling. Alow thermal capacity is of advantagewith wide ranging temparature andweather conditions typical in northerlyclimates.

The table below lists comparativevalues for the optical efficiency and theheat loss factors as tested in Europeancertification labs.Vitosol 200-F and 300-T are bothtested and certified in North America toSRCC OG-100.

Collector type Opt. efficiencylevel

*1 i %

Heat loss factors Spec. thermalcapacitykJ/( 2 K)ηo*1 in % k1 in

W/(m2 · K)k2 inW/(m2 · K2)

p ykJ/(m2 · K)

Vitosol 200-FVitosol 300-T

79.382.5

3.951.19

0.01220.009

6.45.4

*1 ηo based on absorber areaH

Vitosol 300-TVitosol 200-F

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0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Temperature difference in degrees C between ambient air and collector fluid

Efficien

cy

Specification

Solar cover rate in %

Freiburg

77*1

0 20 40 60 80

69

55

5645

6145

5276

62

HannoverVacuum tubes

South-west orientation

Collector inclination 60°

Collector inclination 30°

400 litres/day300 litres/day

100 litres/day

Reference system

Westerly orientation

61

DHW consumption

DHW consumption

Abs

orbe

rsu

rfac

ein

m2

Abs

orbe

rsu

rfac

ein

m2

Vitosol 200-F

Vitosol 300-T

Influence of various parameters on solar coverage

ltrs/day

USG/day

0 13 26 40 53 66 79 92 106 USG/day

0 13 26 40 53 66 79 92 106 USG/dayltrs/day

*1 For comparable absorber surface area.

17

Solar Coverage

The solar coverage value indicateswhat percentage of the energy requiredannually for domestic hot waterapplications can be covered by the solarheating system.The absorber surface area should besized so that the ”production” ofsurplus heat is just about avoidedduring the summer months.The higher the solar cover rate, thelower the efficiency, since a high coverrate has the effect of raising thetemperature level of the solar circuit.This results in increased heat lossesand lower seasonal efficiency.

The diagrams show the coverage valuesthat can be achieved with the variouscollector types, based onH the meteorological records for atypical location at 49° latitude,

H south-facing roofs,H a roof pitch of 45º andH a DHW temperature of 113°F / 45ºCin the standby tank.

This data represents approximate guidevalues.

Note:Solar fractions will be higher forlocations in southern parts of the USAdue to higher levels of radiation.

Reference system:

H 4-person household with hot waterconsumption of 53 USG/day / 200litres/day

H 2 Vitosol 200-F collectors, modelSV2 and SH2

H 45º roof inclinationH South-facing roof orientationH Dual-mode DHW cylinder, 300 litresHMeteorological records for a typicallocation at 49° latitude

The bars indicate the expectedcoverage values for deviations from thereference system.

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Specification

18

Collector Installation and Mounting

Installation options for different collector types

Viessmann offers universal mountingsystems to simplify installation. Themounting systems are suitable forvirtually all forms of roofs, as well asinstallation on flat roofs or groundmounted free-standing installations.

Fitting Collector typePitched roofs A Vitosol 200-F, model SV2

Vitosol 300-TB Vitosol 200-F, model SH2

Flat roofs C Vitosol 200-F, model SV2, SH2Vitosol 300-T

Freestanding installation D Vitosol 200-F, model SV2, SH2Vitosol 300-T

Sloped roofs - rooftop installation

Required roof area

Collector Type A mm A in B mm B in

Vitosol 200-F,type SV2 2380 93 3/4 1056 + 16*1 41 5/8 + 5/8*1

Vitosol 200-F,type SH2 1056 41 5/8 2380 + 16*1 93 3/4 + 5/8*1

Vitosol 300-T,type SP3, 2m2 2031 80 1418 + 102*1 55 3/4 + 4*1

Vitosol 300-T,type SP3, 3m2 2031 80 2127 + 102*1 83 3/4 + 4*1

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*1 Add this value for every additional collector.

Specification

19

Collector Installation and Mounting (continued)

Vitosol 200-F flat panel collector

Flat collectors are ideally suited fordomestic hot water and swimming poolheating applications.

Both vertical and horizontal types aresuitable for installation on pitched roofs.The selection of method of installationis influenced by the structuralcharacteristics of the building.

Model SH2 has been specially designedfor installation on flat roofs and forfreestanding installation.

Viessmann offers a universal fasteningsystem to simplify installation. Thefastening system is suitable for virtuallyall forms of roof and roofing.

Installation kits are available forinstalling collectors on flat roofs.An engineering evaluation is required toestablish additional superimposed loadsfrom wind or snow, as described in thelocal building code. Retain the servicesof a professional structural engineer tocalculate additional live loads due to theinstallation of solar collectors on theroof.

Sloped Roofs Installation Details

CollectorLag boltMounting railRoof bracket

Collector Dimension a b c

Model SV2

Model SH2

inchesmminchesmm

93¾2 38041¾1 138

74¾ - 82½1 900 - 2 10019½ - 35½500 - 900

3½893½89

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40

a

b

c

Specification

20


Flat roof installation

The collectors should be installed withan angle of inclination of 35º to 45º ifthe load capacity of the roof allowsthis. Maintain a minimum distance of2m/6ft from the roof edge in allinstallations.Outside of this area you mayexperience significant increases in windturbulance. The system will also behard to access if modifications arerequired. If the roof size dictates amodification of the array distribution,ensure that arrays of the same size arecreated.

Determining the collector row distance“z”

When installing several collector rows insequence, exact dimensions (dimension“z”) must be maintained to preventunwanted shade.Determine angle of the sun β.

Collector row distance ”z” (alldimensions in mm)

A collector system must be secured byadditional weights against slippage andlifting (see table on the following page).Slippage is the movement of thecollectors on the roof surface due towind, because of insufficient frictionbetween the roof surface and thecollector system.

H Collectors secured against slippagerequire more ballast weight, but noadditional attachment to the roof orsubstructure.

This should be chosen so that themidday sun on Dec. 12 can fall onto thecollector without creating shade.In North America, this angle isdependent upon latitude and is between13º (Edmonton) and 41º (Miami).

H Collectors secured against liftingrequire less ballast weight, butadditional attachment to the roof orbuilding structure with wires, cablesor other sufficient means.

ExampleBoston is located approx. 42.5º latitude.Angle of the sun β= 90º-23.5º-latitude(23.5º should be accepted as theconstant)90º-23.5º-42.5º = 24º

l sin (180 - ( + ))z =

sinα β

β

· º

Vitosol 200-F, type SV2

l = 2380mmα= 45º β= 24º (Boston)

2385mm sin (180 - 69 )z =

sin 24

5474mmz =

ººº0

Collector type Vitosol 200-F Vitosol 300-T

Type SV2Angle of inclination α

Type SH2Angle of inclination α Angle of inclination α

Angle of sun β 35º 45º 35º 45º 35º 45º 55º

15.0º 7059 7880 3140 3550 5991 6772 7349

17.5º 6292 7035 2799 3130 5340 5970 6419

20.0º 5712 6320 2541 2812 4848 5363 5716

22.5º 5256 5758 2338 2561 4461 4886 516425.0º 4887 5303 2174 2359 4148 4500 4716

27.5º 4582 4926 2038 2191 3888 4180 4346

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z

l l

βαα

z = Collector row distancel = Collector height

(see page 13 and 14)

= Collector angle of inclination= Angle of the sun

αβ

Collectorarray

Roof edgeMin. 6 ft/2 m

Min.6ft/

2m

Specification

A

21


Vitosol 200-F flat panel collector (continued)

Please refer to Vitosol 200-F Installationinstructions for additional information oncollector mounting on 5285 710.

An evaluation by a professionalstructural engineer is required tocalculate additional live loads due to theinstallation of solar collectors on a roof.

Vitosol 200-F, type SV2 and SH2Collector angle of inclination - 25º or 45º

Ballast to be applied and maximum load on the substructures of flat roofs to DIN 1055

Collector angle of inclination 25º 45º

Ballast against slippage*1 Ballast against lifting*1 Ballast against slippage Ballast against lifting

Installation height above ground m upto8

8to20

20to100

upto8

8to20

20to100

upto8

8to20

20to100

upto8

8to20

20to100

Ballast to be appliedType SV2 kg 315 554 793 144 304 465 508 842 1213 128 224 346

Type SH2 kg 323 561 800 155 315 476 492 845 1198 132 254 375

*1 See description on page 20.

Collector supportsThe collector supports are pre-assembled. They consist of foot support A, bearing supports and adjustment pieces. Theupper adjustment pieces contain holes for adjusting the angle of inclination.Connection cross ties are required for 1 to 6 collectors connected in a series.

A Foot support

80

50

11 751795

100

1620

Type SV2Foot support hole dimensions

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IMPORTANT

50

8075

897

100

722

11

50

Type SH2Foot support hole dimensions

Specification

22


Vitosol 200-F

AInstallation on substructures

*1 For calculating dimension “z”, see page 20

X

X

Y Z*1

A Connection cross ties

AInstallation with ballast

*1 For calculating dimension “z”, see page 20

X

X

YZ*1

A Connection cross ties

Collector type x mm x in y mm y in

SV2 590 23 1/4 481 19

SH2 1920 75 5/8 481 19

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Specification

23


Vitosol 300-T sloped roof installation details

CollectorRoof bracketRoof joistCollector installation rail with tube mountingsRoof sheathing complete with shinglesLag bolt

2m2 version 1419mm/55 3/4” 102mm / 4” 3m2 version 2126mm/83 3/4”

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Deviations from southcan be compensated byaxial rotation of thevacuum tubes.

1600mm /63”

1650mm /65”

340mm /13.4”

230mm /9”

Specification

24


Flat roof support weight requirements - Vitosol 300-T

Collector angle of inclination of 25ºWeight of supports

Secured against slippage*1 Secured against lifting*1

Installation height above ground ft.m

up to 26up to 8

26 to 668 to 20

up to 26up to 8

26 to 668 to 20

Weight of supports

lbs per support Akg per support A

lbs per support Bkg per support B

2m2

Version16876

225102

3m2

Version256116

342155

2m2

Version284129

392178

3m2

Version430195

593269

2m2

Version5726

14164

3m2

Version9041

220100

2m2

Version11251

276125

3m2

Version17680

421191

*1 See description on page 20.

Support ASupport B

Model 2m2 Version 3m2 Version

Dimension X inchesmm

76¼1940

76¼1940

Dimension Y inchesmm

56¾1440

84½2149

Surface area (X x Y) ft.2m2

302.80

44½4.15

Weight of lbscollector kg

9945

15068

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A

B

Specification

25


Flat roof support weight requirements - Vitosol 300-T (continued)

Collector angle of inclination of 45ºWeight of supports

Secured against slippage Secured against liftingInstallation height above ground ft.

mup to 26up to 8

26 to 668 to 20

up to 26up to 8

26 to 668 to 20

Weight of supports

lbs per support Akg per support A

lbs per support Bkg per support B

2m2

VersionH 20225102

377171

3m2

Version344156

564256

2m2

Version390177

633287

3m2

Version586266

948430

2m2

Version----

16173

3m2

Version----

245111

2m2

Version----

302137

3m2

Version----

454206

Support ASupport B

Model 2m2 Version 3m2 Version

Dimension X inchesmm

60¼1530

60¼1530

Dimension Y inchesmm

56¾1440

84½2149

Surface area (X x Y) ft.2m2

242.20

353.27

Weight of lbscollectors kg

9945

15068

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A

B

Specification

26

General Installation Instructions

H Vitosol solar collectors are hailproof.Nevertheless we recommend toinclude bad weather and hail damagecoverage into your home ownersinsurance package. Our warranty doesnot cover such damages.

H Please observe local building codeguidelines for maximum loadrestrictions on the substructure andfor necessary distance to roof edge.

HMake sure to remove snow offcollectors if more than 20” / 50 cmhave accumulated.

HMount collectors carefully, so thateven during storm and bad weathermounting clamps can absorb anytension.

H An access door or skylight should beprovided in the roof in the vicinity ofthe collectors to facilitate inspectionand maintenance work.

HWhen there is a relatively largedistance between the collector paneland the roof ridge, a snow board mustbe installed above the collector panelin regions where heavy snowfalls canbe expected.

H Filling the solar heating systems withViessmann “Tyfocor-HTL” heattransfer medium is highlyrecommended. Other heat transferfluids may be suitable if they have thesame temperature range (-35ºC /-31ºF to 170ºC / 338ºF) and arenon-toxic.

H Use high temperature insulationmaterials. In pump idle mode and withstrong solar irradiation, collectorscould reach an idle temperature ofover 200ºC / 392ºF. Protect pipeinsulation and sensor cables againstattack by birds and animals.

H Grounding and lightning protection ofthe solar heating systemAn electrically conductive connectionof the pipework system of the solarcircuit should be implemented in thelower part of the building inaccordance with local regulations.Connection of the collector system toa new or existing lightning protectionsystem or the provision of localgrounding should only be carried outby a licensed professional, taking localconditions into account.

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Notes on Planning and Operation

27

Calculating the Required Absorber Surface Area

Calculating the absorber surface area and DHW tank capacity

Absorber surface areaEstimates based on meteorologicalconditions such as annual globalradiation, cloud cover etc. aresufficiently accurate for practicalpurposes. In order to obtain acomprehensive summary of the solarcoverage for domestic hot waterheating, it is recommended that thisestimate should form the basis of acalculation carried out using a solarcomputer simulation. Viessmann canprovide design support and computersimulations upon request. Contact yourlocal Viessmann sales representative.The cover rate determined by thisprogram should be 50 to 60% forrelatively small systems (detachedhouse), and at least 40% for largersystems (apartment block).Guide values for estimating the requiredabsorber surface area can be drawnfrom the table on page 30.The absorber surface area calculated onthe basis of this table has proved to beaccurate in practice.

The basis for designing a solar DHWheating system is the DHW dailydemand. It can be estimated based onthe following table:

DHW DemandVplitres/(d · person)For DHW tempstemps.45ºC 60ºC

Residentialproperties*1High demandsAverage demandsLow demands

50 - 80 35-5630- 50 21-3515 - 30 11-21

DHW tank capacity (solar storage)The following values can be used as abasis for calculating the cylinderstorage capacity:The total available solar DHW tankcapacity (dual-coil tank or preheatingtank) should be sized on the basis of1.5 to 2 times the daily requirements.For fluctuating DHW demand use largerstorage (daily demand x2). For relativelyconstant demand use value 1.5.The minimum solar storage tank volumeshould be based on 50 liter/m2/1.25gal/ft2 collector absorber area.

Typical Solar Storage and Collector Selection

# Peoplein household

Daily DHW Demand@ 50ºC/120ºF

Solar TankCapacity

Vitosol 200-F Flat PlateCollectors SH2/SV2

Vitosol 300-TTube Collectors

2 120L32 gal.

200L53 gal. 1 1x2m2

3-4 180-240L48-63 gal.

300L79 gal. 2 1x3m2

5-6 300-360L79-95 gal.

450L120 gal. 3 1x2m2 + 1x3m2

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A Space heating requirement for one house (typical construction)B Space heating requirement for one low energy houseC Hot water requirementD Solar energy yield at 5 m2 absorber surface (2 flat collectors)E Solar energy yield at 15 m2 absorber surface (6 flat collectors)

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Aug

.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Sep

.

Oct.

Nov

.

Dec

.

Energy

requ

iremen

tor

gain

(%)

A

B

C

E

D

100

75

50

25

0

28

Calculating the Required Absorber Surface Area

System for space heating backup - DHW cylinder and collector

Concentrating exclusively on the centralheating demand can lead to problematicoversizing of the system.For low energy houses (heat demandless than 50 kWh/(m2p.a.), solarcoverage of 20 to 25% refers to thetotal energy demand, incl. provision forDHW heating.

For buildings with a higher energydemand the coverage drops lower.Use the Viessmann ESOP calculationprogram when making sizingcalculations.Max. connectable collector area whenusing Vitocell tanks must follow thechart on page 31.

The period when the greatest amount ofsolar energy is available does notcoincide with the time when the mostheat is required.While the heat consumption for DHWheating is relatively constantthroughout the year, only very littlesolar energy is available at the timeswhen the heat demand for centralheating is at its highest (see diagram).A relatively large absorber area isrequired to provide central heatingbackup. In summer, this can result instagnation in the solar circuit. Systemsfor heating backup require additionalstorage tanks and controls.The basis for sizing a solar heatingsystem for central heating backup is thespace heating demand of the buildingduring spring, autumn and in winter, aswell as the heating demand in summer(i.e. the demand for DHW heating).Heat demand in summer, e.g to avoidcondensation in cellars, to useunderfloor heating in bathrooms,increases the demand. For efficientoperation of a solar central heatingbackup, the collector area should be 2to 2.5 times larger than the DHW heatdemand in summer requires.To avoid excessive summer timetemperature stagnation avoid usingcollector areas greater than 3 timeswhat would be used for DHWrequirements only.

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29

Calculating the Required Absorber Surface Area (continued)

Swimming pool water heating system - heat exchanger and collector

Open-air swimming pools

Open-air swimming pools are mainlyused between May and September [innorthern USA]. The energy demandrequired depends mainly on the leakagerate, evaporation, loss (water must bereplenished cold) and the transmissionheat loss. Through using a cover, theevaporation and consequently theenergy demand of the pool is reducedto a minimum. The largest energy inputcomes direct from the sun, whichshines onto the pool surface. Thereforethe pool has a ”natural” basetemperature which can be shown in theadjacent diagram as an average pooltemperature over the operating time.

A solar heating system in no way altersthis typical temperature pattern. Thesolar application leads to a definiteincrease in the base temperature.Subject to the ratio between the poolsurface and the collector area, adifferent temperature can be reached.

The adjacent diagram shows withwhich ratio of aperture or absorber areato the pool surface what averagetemperature increase can be reached.This ratio is independent of the collectortype used due to the comparably lowcollector temperatures and theoperating period (summer). For thisreason, unglazed collectors are mostoften used for outdoor pools.

NoteRevising and maintaining the pooltemperature at a higher base level usinga conventional heating system does notalter this ratio. However, the pool willbe heated up much more quickly.

Indoor swimming pools

Indoor swimming pools generally have ahigher target temperature than open-airpools and are used throughout the year.If, over the course of the year, aconstant pool temperature is required,indoor swimming pools must be heatedin dual-mode. To avoid sizing errors, theenergy demand of the pool must bemeasured. For this, suspend heating thewater for 48 hours and determine thetemperature at the beginning and end ofthe test period. The daily energydemand can therefore be calculatedfrom the temperature difference and thecapacity of the pool. For new builds,the heat demand of the swimming poolmust be calculated.

On a summer day (clear skies), acollector system used to heat aswimming pool in northern USAproduces energy of approx. 4.5kWh/m2absorber area.

Calculation example for Vitosol 200-FPool surface: 36 m2

Average pool depth: 1.5mPool capacity: 54m3

Temperature losson 2 days: 2ºCDaily energy demand:

This corresponds to 6 collectors.

For a first approximation (costestimate), an average temperature lossof 1C/day can be used. With an averagepool depth of 1.5m an energy demandof 1.74kWh/day is required to maintainthe base temperature. It is thereforesensible to use approx. 0.4m2 absorberarea per m2 of pool surface.

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5

10

15

Jan FebMarAprMayJun JulAug SepOct Nov Dec

Ave

rage

pool

tempe

rature

in0C

25

20

Location Boston40m2 Upper surface1.5m deepprotected positioncovered at night

0

1

0.1

Ratio-absorber area to the pool surface

Ave

rage

tempe

rature

increa

ses

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

(open-air swimmimg pool)

inde

gree

sC/day

kWh54m3 1K 1.16 =62.6kWh

K m3⋅⋅

62.6 kWhCollector area:

4.5 kWh/m2=13.9m2


30

Calculating the Required Absorber Surface Area (continued)

Guide values for sizing solar heating systems (continued)

H Absorber surface area (data based on meteorological records for a site at 49° latitude)

Application Required absorbersurface area A 60% 40 up to 50%for coverage of Vitosol 200-F Vitosol 300-T Vitosol 200-F Vitosol 300-T

DHW heatingDetached & semi-detachedhousesMulti-occupancy dwellings

ft.2/personm2/personft.2/personm2/person

13 - 161.2 - 1.5

8.6 - 11.80.8 - 1.1

8.6 - 10.80.8 - 1.06.5 - 8.60.6 - 0.8

10.8 - 131.0 - 1.26.5 - 8.60.6 - 0.8

6.5 - 8.60.6 - 0.84.3 - 6.50.4 - 0.6

Information regarding the DHW cylinder

When sizing the solar heating system,observe the max. aperture area whichmay be connected to the different DHWcylinders.At a design output of 600W/m2 and atemperature difference between DHWtemperature (at the height of the solar

heat exchanger, lower indirect coil) andsolar circuit return (lower than 10ºC),the max. number of collectorsmentioned in the table (values apply toall Viessmann collectors) should not beexceeded.

If a higher system temperature range isacceptable, then the number ofcollectors can be no more than doubled.

DHW Tank Capacity Max. connectable number of collectors

Vitosol 200-F Vitosol 300-T 2m2 Vitosol 300-T 3m2

Vitocell-B100/300

300 L/79 gal. 4 5 3

Vitocell-B100/300

450 L/120 gal. 7 7 5

Vitocell-V100/300

200 L/53 gal.300 L/79 gal.450 L/120 gal.

347

457

335

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31

Sizing Pipe Diameters and Circulation Pump

Solar heating system operating modes

Volume flow in the collector array

Generally, very low flow rates arerequired for Vitosol collectors. Thisresults in small pipe and pumprequirements. There are differentoperating modes, which depend on thetotal area of collectors installed, andpiping requirements.At the same irradiation level, andconsequently the same collector output,a higher flow rate means a lowertemperature spread in the collectorcircuit; a lower flow rate means ahigher temperature spread. With a hightemperature spread, the averagecollector temperature increases, i.e theoperating efficiency of the collectordrops accordingly. Therefore, withlower flow rates the use of electricalenergy (pump size) reduces and asmaller size connection pipe is possible.To safeguard a safe flow rate and aturbulent flow, Vitosol flat-platecollectors require a flow rate of at least15 liters/(h.m2). Vitosol tube collectorsrequire at least 25 liters/(h.m2).Generally, when setting the collectorvolume flow, the necessary volumeflow of the connected heat exchangershould also be taken into account.

1. High-flow modeFor solar heating systems up to270º ft.2 / 25 m2 absorber surfacearea, we recommend the high flowoperation. This reduces the temperaturespread between supply and return.The higher flow rate requires a slightlylarger pipework size, and larger pumpsizes.

In the high-flow operating mode, thepipes can be sized on the basis of aflowrate ofH Vitosol 200-F: approx. 40 liters/h perm2 absorber surface area (approx.0.18 gpm/m2 absorber surface area).

H Vitosol 300-T: 60 liters/h per m2

absorber surface area(0.27 gpm/m2 absorber surface area).

2. Low-flow modeFor large solar installations (larger than270 ft.2 / 25 m2 absorber surface area),low flow mode operation can be used..Advantages of the low-flow mode:H A high temperature level is reachedquickly in the collector circuit.

H The low flow rate in the collectorcircuit means that much smaller pipesizes are required.

H A smaller pump capacity is requiredresulting in lower electricalconsumption.

In the low-flow operating mode, thepipes can be sized on the basis of aflowrate ofH Vitosol 200-F: approx. 15 liters/h perm2 absorber surface area (approx.0.07 gpm/m2 absorber surface area).

H Vitosol 300-T: approx. 25 litrers/h perm2 absorbed surface area (approx.0.11gpm/m2 absorber surface area).

With both collector models, a uniformflow rate through all collectors isguaranteed if the Viessmann pipinglayout drawings are followed. To reducethe amount of installation work requiredfor the piping, it is advisable to connecttwo rows of collectors with all pipingconnections on one side of the array.

Pipe installation information

To minimise the pressure drop throughthe piping of the solar heating systems,the flow velocity in the copper pipeshould not exceed 3.5ft/s. Werecommend flow velocities between 1.3and 2.3ft/s. At these flow velocities,pressure drops of between 1 and 2.5mbar/m pipe length occur.

For the installation of the collectors, werecommend the use of commercialcopper pipe and red bronze fittings orstainless steel pipe. The cross-sectionsshould be sized as for a conventionalheating system on the basis of flowrate and velocity (see the tables below).

Do not use galvanized pipes, galvanizedfittings or graphitised gaskets. Hempshould be used only in conjunction withpressure and temperature-resistantsealant.

The components used must be resistantto the heat transfer medium (forcomposition, see the datasheet for thespecific collector).

The thermal insulation of external pipingmust be resistant to temperature, UVradiation and to attack by birds oranimals.

Insulate internal ”hot” pipeworkaccording to current practice (fireprotection, touch protection), e.g. usinghigh-temperature resistant insulation,as offered by Armacell.

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IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT


32

Sizing Pipe Diameters and Circulation Pump (continued)

Sizing pipe diameters (continued)

Vitosol 200-F (high-flow operating mode), 40 liters/(h.m2) or 0.18gpm/m2

Number ofcollectors

2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

Model SV2 and SH2Volume flow gpm

liters/min0.83.1

1.24.6

1.66.2

2.17.8

2.59.3

3.312.4

4.115.5

4.918.6

Flow velocity ft./sm/s

1.3 to 2.30.4 to 0.7

Pressure drop in thepipework

ft. ofhead/ft.mbar/m

0.11 to 0.271.0 to 2.5

Vitosol 300-T (high-flow operating mode), 60 liters/(h.m2) or 0.3gpm/m2

Absorbersurface area

m2 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 15

Volume flow gpmliters/min

0.532

0.83

1.14

1.35

1.66

2.18

2.610

3.212

4.015


1.3 to 2.30.4 to 0.7

Pressure dropin thepipework


0.11 to 0.271.0 to 2.5

Vitosol 200-F (low-flow operating mode), 15 liters/(h.m2) or 0.07gpm/m2

Number ofcollectors

2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

Model SV2 and SH2Volume flow

gpmliters/min

0.31.2

0.51.8

0.62.3

0.82.9

0.923.5

1.254.7

1.535.8

1.857.0


0.7 to 1.30.2 to 0.4

Pressure drop in thepipework


0.11 to 0.271.0 to 2.5

Vitosol 300-T (low-flow operating mode), 25 liters/(h.m2) or 0.11gpm/m2

Absorbersurface area

m2 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 15

Volume flow gpmliters/min

0.210.8

0.31.2

0.451.7

0.62.1

0.72.5

0.93.3

1.14.2

1.35.0

1.646.2


0.7 to 1.30.2 to 0.4

Pressure dropin thepipework


0.11 to 0.271.0 to 2.5

5167156v3

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33


Installation examples (hydraulic connection)

Vitosol 200-F, type SV2/SH2

High -flow operation

Installation of collectors, connection onalternate sides, max. 12collectors.

max. 12B

A

CØ 28x1

Ø 28x1

Installation of collectors, single-sidedconnection, max. 10 collectors.

max. 10B

AC

Ø 28x1

Ø 28x1

Supply (hot)ReturnAir vent valve (shut-off type)

Low-flow operation

Installation of collectors, connection onalternate sides, max. 10collectors.

max. 10B

A

CØ 18x1

Ø 18x1

Installation of collectors, single-sidedconnection, max. 8 collectors.

max. 8B

AC

Ø 18x1

Ø 18x1


Vitosol 300-T, type SP3

Installation on pitched roofs (max. 6 perarray)

Connection from the left (preferredoption)

Connection from the right


5167156v3

.1

B

CA

Ø 18x1

B

CA

Ø 18x1


34


Collector pressure drop information (relative to water, approx. 30% higher for Tyfocor HTL @ 40ºC)

Vitosol 200-F, flat plate collector Vitosol 300-T vacuum tube collectormodel SV2 and SH2

1 x 2m2

1 x 3m2

2 x model 2m2

1 x model 2m2 and 1 x model 3m2

2 x model 3m2

Calculating pressure dropThe total pressure drop of the solarheating system consists of:H collector resistance values,H pipe resistance values,H individual resistance values of thefittings and

H individual resistance values of thefittings and

H resistance values of the heatexchanger in the DHW tank.

For calculation of total pressure dropH Collectors connected in series:Total pressure drop = sum of theindividual resistance values

H Collectors connected in parallel:Total pressure drop = individualpressure drop (assuming all individualresistance values are equal).

5167156v3

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40 100

20 5040

12 30

400 1000

200 500160 400

120 300

80 200

800 2000

0.5 1 2 3 4 5

Waterflow

Pres

sure

drop

l/mingpm0.3 0.5 0.8 1.11.3

” w.c. mbar

Pres

sure

drop

Waterflow

ltr/h

GPM

“w.c.

mba

r

12 30

16 40

40 100

80 200

1

0.8 2

1.2 3

1.6 4

2 5

4 10

8 20

2.4 6

3.2 8

20 5024 60

32 80

1

0.3

2

0.5

3

0.8

5

1.3

4

1.1

6

1.6

10

2.6


35


Sizing the circulation pump

If the flowrate and pressure drop of theentire system are known, the pump isselected on the basis of the pumpcharacteristics.Variable-speed pumps which can bematched to the system by switchingare the most suitable.

To simplify the installation and selectionof the pumps and safety equipment,Viessmann supplies the Solar-Divicon.The Solar-Divicon comprisesH pre-assembled and sealed valves andsafety assembly,

H flow regulating valve with meter tocontrol the solar heating systemduring commissioning and operation,

H flow check valves,H system pump (2 sizes available),H pressure gage,H 2 thermometers,H 2 isolation valves,H pressure relief valve, 87 psig / 6 bar.

Two models of Solar-Divicon areavailable:Model DN 20H up to 12 Vitosol 200-F collectorsH up to 20 m2 absorber surface areawith Vitosol 300-T,

Model DN 25H up to 18 Vitosol 200-F collectorsH up to 30 m2 absorber surface areawith Vitosol 300-T.

Final determination of whichSolar-Divicon model to use must bebased on system layout and pipe sizesused.

The Solar-Divicon and the solar pumpline are not suitable for direct contactwith swimming pool water or potablewater.

Always install Solar-Divicon at a lowerheight than the collectors to preventsteam from entering the expansionvessel in the event of stagnation.

For systems which are installed in theroof space or involve short pipe lengths,a preliminary vessel should be providedif necessary.

VL FlowRL Return

Shut-off valveThermometerNon-return valveSolar circuit circulation pumpFlow rate indicator

The solar circuit pump line is constructed as the pump line of the Solar-Divicon.5167156v3

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IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT

1 Pressure relief valve, 87 psig/6 bar2 Expansion tank connection3 Pressure gage, 0-6 bar/0-87 psig4 Temperature gage c/w integrated

shut-off valves and flow checkvalves

5 Pump6 Flow meter7 Insulation door8 Flush and fill manifold9 Air separator (locked under

insulation)

VL RL

B

C

A

A

E

D


36


Technical information on the Solar-Divicon

Solar-Divicon Model DN 20 DN 25

Circulation pump (Model: Wilo) STAR S 16 U 15 STAR S 21 U 25Rated voltage V AC 115 AC 115Maximum delivery GPM 16 16.7

Maximum head ft. 20.7 21.1

Flow meter (setting range) USG/min 0.5 to 5 1 to 10Flow meter (setting range) ltrs/min 1 to 20 5 to 40Pressure relief valve psig,

bar876

876

Maximum operating temperature °F,°C

248120

248120

Maximum operating pressure psig,bar

876

876

Connections (Compression fittings Ø):Solar circuit

Solar expansion tank

Safety relief valve

inchesmminchesmminchesmm

1/2

223/4223/422

3/4223/4223/422

Characteristics

Pump model DN 20 Pump model DN 25

5167156v3

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37

Safety Equipment

Liquid capacity of solar heating system components

Vitosol 200-F, model SV2

Vitosol 200-F, model SH2

Vitosol 300-T, model 2m2

model 3m2

USGlitersUSGlitersUSGlitersUSGliters

0.481.830.652.480.321.200.471.80

Solar-Divicon (pumping station for thecollector circuit)

USGliters

0.080.30

Vitocell-B 100 Tank capacity USGliters

79300

120450

Heating water capacity of bottom coil USGliters

2.610

3.312.5

Vitocell-B 300 Tank capacity USGliters

79300

79300

Heating water capacity of bottom coil USGliters

2.911

3.915

Vitocell-V 300, Tank capacity(with indirect coil/s)

USGliters

53200

79300

120450

Heating water capacity of coil USGliters

3.211.9

2.911

415

Copper pipe, type M Dimension 3/8” ½” ¾” 1” 1¼” 1½”Water content USG/ft. pipe

0.0083 0.013 0.027 0.045 0.068 0.095

5167156v3

.1


T

h

T

VL RL

KW

B

A

C

E

F

DHW

G

D

RL ReturnVL Flow

38

Safety Equipment

CollectorSafety valveSolar-DiviconPre-cooling vessel (see below)Diaphragm expansion vesselDual-mode DHW cylinderHigh limit safety cut-out (see

page 41)

h Static height The solar heating system must beprotected in respect to temperature,pressure and discharge of liquid inaccordance with local regulations.The collector circuit must be protectedin such a way that at the highestpossible collector temperature (= idletemperature) no heat transfer mediumcan escape from the safety valve.This is achieved through the appropriatesizing of the expansion vessel andmatching of the system pressure.For total pipework lengths shorter than10m/32ft, we recommend theinstallation of a pre-cooling vessel anddiaphragm expansion vessel into the hotsupply pipe and only the pressure reliefvalve into the return pipe.

Information regarding stagnationSystem idle periods, e.g. due to defectsor incorrect operation, can never beruled out. For this reason solar heatingsystems must be protected accordingto the current technical standardsagainst the potential difficulties whichmay arise from idle periods, i.e.systems cannot be damaged or causedamage if idle periods occur. Collectorsand connection pipes are designed forthe maximum expected temperatures incase of stagnation. Temperatures over170ºC / 338ºF have a detrimentaleffect on the process medium. Whendesigning the collector array it shouldbe ensured that the system can“breathe” properly (e.g. do not routesolar pipes above the collector array).

Information regarding the heat transfermediumHeat transfer media containing glycolcan be damaged, if they are subjectedfor long periods of temperatures above170ºC / 338ºF. This can lead to thesystem suffering from sludge and harddeposits, particularly in conjunctionwith other contaminants (flux andoxidized deposits).Therefore, after completing theinstallation, thoroughly flush out thesystem. After filling the system withprocess medium, ensure that heat istransferred inside the system, i.e. that

longer periods of stagnation areprevented. System must be air-tight asglycol deterioration is always worse inpresence of O2 molecules. Check theglycol every 2 years.

Information regarding pre-coolingvesselsPre-cooling vessels or stratificationcylinders in solar heating systemsprotect the diaphragm expansion vesselfrom over heating if stagnation occurs.The installation of such vessels isrecommended if the content of thepipework between the collector array

and the expansion vessel is lower than50% of the capacity of the correctlysized expansion vessel. The referencevalue is the total volume whichevaporates in idle conditions.Sizing:Capacity of the correctly sizedexpansion vessel less the content ofthe return line between the collectorarray and the expansion vessel.Determining the capacity of thepre-cooling vessel:1.5 x collector content x number ofcollectors.

Content litres Number of collectors

Vitosol SV2 Vitosol SH2 Vitosol 300-T 2m2 Vitosol 300-T 3m2

12 4 3 6 4 5167156v3

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Construction and operationA diaphragm expansion tank is asealed expansion vessel whose gasspace (nitrogen filling) is separatedfrom the liquid space (heat transfermedium) by a diaphragm and whoseinlet pressure is subject to the systemheight.To safely prevent steam beingcreated during the operating stage,collectors must indicate a pressure ofat least 15 psig / 1 bar in their coldstate.The expansion tank inlet pressure isthen higher by an amount of0.45 psig x static height (h) in ft.or 0.1 bar x static height (h) in m.In hot conditions, the system pressurerises by approx. 15 to 30 psig/1 to2 bar.

Maximum idle temperature ofcollectors:Vitosol 200-F, Models SV2, SH2Flat panel solar collector with 25 ft.2 /2.3 m2 collector area.Max. shutdown temperature430°F / 221°CMax. operating pressure87 psig /6 bar

Vitosol 300-T, SP3 SeriesVacuum tube solar collector with 22and 32 ft.2 / 2 and 3 m2 collectorarea.Max. shutdown temperature302°F / 150 °CMax. operating pressure87 psig /6 bar

To ensure that no heat transfermedium can escape from the pressurerelief valve, the expansion tank mustbe sufficiently large to accommodatethe liquid content of the collectorwhen steam forms (stagnation).

The cold fill inlet pressure (gas space)must be adjusted on site as follows:15 psig + 0.45 psig x static height inft1 bar + 0.1 bar x static height in mThe system operating pressure mustbe 4.5 to 7.5 psig/0.3 to 0.5 barhigher than the inlet pressure of thediaphragm expansion tank. Thewaterseal should be 0.005x the totalliquid content of the system but notless than 3 liters.

IMPORTANT

39

Safety Equipment (continued)

Diaphragm expansion tank

A

C

E

A

C

D

B

A

Deliveredcondition(3 bar/45 psigpressure)

Solar heatingsystem filledwithoutheat effect

Under max.pressure at thehighest processmedium temperature

Process mediumNitrogen filling

Nitrogen bufferSafety water seal, min. 3l/0.8gal

Specification - Viessmann expansion tankA B

b

b

a aØ Ø

Expansiontank

Contentlitres

Operatingpressurebar

Ø amm

bmm

ConnectionR

Weightkg

A 182540

101010

280280354

370490520

¾”¾”¾”

7.59.19.9

B 50 10 409 505 1” 12.3B 5080

1010

409480

505566

11”

12.318.4

5167156v3

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40


Technical data for the expansion tank (continued)

The nominal capacity of the expansionvessel is calculated according to theequation

VN = (Vv+V2+ z ⋅ Vk) ⋅ (pe+ 1)pe− pst

WherebyVN= nominal capacity of the

diaphragm expansion tankin liters

Vv = safety water seal (here heattransfer medium) in litresVv = 0.005 · VA in litres(min. 3 litres)

VA= liquid capacity of the entiresystem (see page 42).

pst= nitrogen inlet pressure ofexpansion vessel in bar

pst =1 bar + 0.1 · hh =static head of the system in

m (see drawing on page NO TAG)z = number of collectorsVk = collector capacity in litres

(see page 37).V2= volume increase when the

system heats up

V2 = VA · βb =expansion quotient ( β=0.13

for Viessmann heat transfermedium from –20 to 120ºC)

pe = permissible end pressure in barpe =psi – 0.1 · psipsi =safety valve blow off

pressure

Calculation exampleSolar heating system with:2 Vitosol 200-F, type SV2 @ 1.83 litresLiquid capacity: VA = 25 litresStatic head: h = 5 mPermissible final pressure: pe = 5.4 bar(ü)(Safety valve blow off pressure: 6 bar)

VN =(Vv+V2+ z ⋅ Vk) ⋅ (pe+ 1)

pe− pst

Vv =VA · 0.005Vv =0.125 litres, selected 3 litres

(see previoys page).V2 =VA · bV2 =3.25 litrespst =1.5 bar + 0.1 bar/m · 5 mpst =2.0 bar

VN =(3+ 3.25+ 2 ⋅ 1.83) ⋅ (5.4+ 1)5.4− 1.5

VN =16.3 litres

Due to the possibility of steamcollecting in the solar circuit pipe, werecommend multiplying the calculatedvalue VN by a safety factor of 1.5.Select a 25 liter expansion vessel.

Selection table for expansion tanks,subject to collector model (inconjunction with a 6 bar safety valve)These details provide only guide values;a final calculation must be carried out.

Vitosol 200-F, model SV2Number ofcollectors

SystemcapacityVAliters

Staticheadh (m)

Expansiontankcapacityliters

2 20 5 2510

3 25 5 2510 40

4 32 5 4010

5 35 5 4010 50

Vitosol 200-F, model SH2Number ofcollectors


Staticheadhm


2 20 5 2510 40

3 30 5 4010

4 35 5 4010 50

5 40 5 5010 80

Vitosol 300-TAbsorbersurfaceaream2


Staticheadh (m)


3 16 5 1810

4 18 5 1810

5 23 5 1810 25

6 25 5 2510

9 35 5 4010

5167156v3

.1

Do not use expansion tanks that arenot designed for solar heatingsystems. Temperatures duringstagnation periods can reachextremely high levels, which couldresult in serious injuries from hotsystem fluid discharging frompressure relief valve.

WARNING

Do not undersize expansion tank.

WARNING


41


Pressure relief valve

The operating pressure of the pressurerelief valve is the maximum systempressure +10%.The pressure relief valve must complywith all local codes.

The pressure relief valve must bematched to the output of the collectoror the collector assembly and be able tohandle their maximum output of900w/m2.

When use is made of water containingantifreeze or synthetic heat transfermedia which are miscible with water(e.g. Viessmann heat transfer medium)and whose boiling point is higher thanthat of water, the blow off anddischarge pipes must be run to an opencontainer capable of accommodatingthe total capacity of the collectors.

Use only pressure relief valves designedfor a maximum of 87 psig / 6 bar and248ºF / 120ºC bearing the markings”S” (solar) as part of the productidentification.

Solar-Divicon is equipped with a pressurerelief valve for max. 87 psig / 6 bar and248ºF / 120ºC.

High limit safety cut-out

The Vitosolic 200 solar control unit isequipped with an electronic limitthermostat which is preset in thefactory to 167ºF / 75ºC and can beadjusted.For systems with a sufficiently largeDHW capacity, this protection isadequate, as the maximum operatingtemperature does not exceed 23ºF /11ºC.

An additional mechanical high limitsafety cut-out is required, if the DHWtank capacity is less than 40 liters/m2

collector surface area.

Example:Vitosol 200-F flat collector x 4=,approx. 7 m2 absorber surface areaDHW cylinder with 300 litres capacity

3007.5

=40 litres/m2,

e.g. no high limit safety cut-outrequired.

5167156v3

.1

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT


DCW

DHW

42


Thermostatic mixing valve

Solar storage tankThermostatic anti-scald mixingvalve

A thermostatic mixing valve is requiredfor all solar systems to preventdomestic hot water temperatures higherthan 140 ºF / 60 ºC (local codes mayrequire different temperature settings).

Install an anti-scald mixing valvedesigned for potable domestic hotwater systems.

5167156v3

.1

The domestic hot water temperaturemust be limited to 140 °F / 60 °C byinstalling a mixing device, e.g. athermostatic anti-scald mixing valve.

WARNING


43

Accessories

Threaded elbow

For the installation of the DHW tanktemperature sensor into the tank return.Comes as standard equipment withVitocell-B 100 tanks and is anaccessory with Vitocell-B 300 tanks.

Air separator

For installation in the supply pipe of thesolar circuit, preferably upstream of theinlet to the DHW tank.With automatic air-vent valve, shut-offvalve and locking ring connection.This is not required if a Solar Diviconmodel DN 20 or DN 25 is used.

Quick-acting air-vent valve (with tee)

For installation at the highest point ofthe system.With shut-off valve and locking ringconnection.

Flexible connection pipe

Stainless steel corrugated pipe withthermal insulation and compressionfitting connection.Comes with thermal insulation. Set of 2per package.

Solar manual filling pump

For replenishing and raising thepressure.

5167156v3

.1

290

R1”

40

38

160 (220)

.

111

2222 approx.225

2222

approx.166

65

22 1000

220

15R½

”

System Designs

44

General Information

For our climatic zone: dual systems

In our climatic zone, solar radiation isinsufficient to cover the entirerequirements for domestic hot water orswimming pool heating as well as spaceheating by means of solar energy.

Therefore, a solar heating system forDHW or swimming pool water heatingand/or central heating should always becombined with another heat generator.

In dual systems, for example, an oil orgas-fired boiler supplies the additionalheat required.

How to implement the installation

Over the following pages, we havedescribed methods of operation andused design suggestions to illustratevarious installation ideas involvingdifferent equipment specifications. Asummary is provided which listsessential control equipment.The temperatures stated are guidevalues; other values may be set to meetparticular requirements.The circulation pumps referred to inthese examples (standard delivery withSolar-Divicon) are AC pumps.

DHW tank backup by the boiler issuppressed by the Vitosolic, when theanticipated heat requirement for DHWheating is expected to be covered bythe solar heating system. This mayrequire the use of the optionalexpansion boards.When connection between the Vitosolicand the boiler control (Vitodensprogramming unit, Vitotronic 300 orDekamatik) is made via the KM-BUS,the setpoint temperature for boilerbackup of DHW is reduced, stoppingthe boiler from coming on.

Abbreviations used in the examples:

DCW Domestic cold waterDHW Domestic hot waterR ReturnS Supply

5167156v3

.1

With temperatures over 140°F /60°C, the DHW temperature must belimited to 140°F / 60°C by installinga mixing device, e.g. a thermostaticmixing valve (DHW tank accessory).

WARNING

System Designs

45

System Design 1

Dual-mode DHW heating with Vitocell-B100 or Vitocell-B 300 DHW tanks- with Vitosolic 200 or GL 30 control

DHW heating without solar energy

The top part of the DHW tank is heatedby the boiler.The DHW tank temperature sensorof the boiler control unit switches tankheating circulation pump .

DHW heating with solar energy

When a temperature difference higherthan the value set in control unit ismeasured between collectortemperature sensor and tanktemperature sensor , solar circuitcirculation pump is switched ONand the DHW tank is heated up.The temperature in the DHW tank islimited by the electronic limitthermostat in control unit or byhigh limit safety cut-out (ifrequired).

When the preset temperature isexceeded, these devices switch OFFsolar circuit circulation pump . Theelectronic temperature limit is set at thefactory.

Installation diagram

Solar collectorSolar-DiviconTaps

DHW circulationDHW circulation output of the boilercontrol unit or timer installed on site

Heating circuitOil/gas-fired boilerDHW cylinder

*1 High limit safety cut-out, see page 41.

5167156v3

.1

A

G H

2

4

5

6

7

C

B

S R

3

D

5

28 E

21

F

1

DHW

DCW

System Designs

46

System Design 1 (continued)

Dual-mode DHW heating with Vitocell-B100 or Vitocell-B 300 DHW tanks- with Vitosolic 200 or GL 30 control (continued)

Control equipment required

Item Description Number Part no.Control of DHW cylinder loading by solar energy

1 Vitosolic 200orGL 30 control

1 7134 552

7134 4502 Collector temperature sensor 1 Included in

standardequipment foritem 1

3 DHW tank temperature sensor*1 1 Included instandardequipment foritem 1

4 Solar circuit circulation pump(standard equipment of Solar-Divicon, see page 35)

1 7133 454or7133 455

5 High limit safety cut-out (see page 41)*2 1 Supplied on siteControl of DHW tank loading by the boiler

6 DHW tank temperature sensor 1 Included instandardequipment of boilercontrol unit*2

7 Circulation pump for DHW tank loading 1 DHW tankaccessory

*1Installation requires a threaded elbow (standard delivery for Vitocell-B 100, accessory for Vitocell-B 300 ).*2Accessory with Vitodens.

5167156v3

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WARNING

System Designs

47

System Design 2

Dual-mode DHW heating and space heating backup with heating water storage tank- with Vitosolic 200


The upper indirect coil of the DHW tankis heated by a boiler. The DHW tanktemperature sensor of the boilercontrol unit switches circulation pump

to heat up the DHW tank.


Solar circuit circulation pump isswitched ON and the DHW is heatedup, when a temperature differencehigher than the value set in control unit

is measured between collectortemperature sensor and DHWtemperature sensor .The temperature in the DHW is limitedby the electronic limit thermostat incontrol unit or by high limit safetycut-out (if required).When the preset temperature isexceeded, these devices switch OFFsolar circuit circulation pump .The electronic temperature limit is setat the factory.

Space heating without solar energy

Diverter valve remains at zero volts(setting ”AB-B”), if the differentialtemperature between heating waterstorage tank temperature sensor(discharge) and space heating returntemperature sensor falls below thevalue set at control unit . No flowthrough the heating water storage tanktakes place.The boiler provides heat to the heatingcircuit according to the heating curveset at the boiler control unit.

Space heating with solar energy

Heating water storage tank circuitcirculation pump and circulationpump for storage tank heating areswitched ON and the heating waterstorage tank is heated up, when atemperature difference higher than thedifferential temperature preset incontrol unit is measured betweencollector temperature sensor andstorage tank temperature sensor(re-loading) . The temperature insidethe heating water storage tank will belimited by the electronic limitthermostat in control unit .When the preset temperature isexceeded, this device switches thestorage tank circuit circulation pump

and OFF.Circulation pump is switched OFFfor approx. 2 minutes, roughly every15 minutes (adjustable time), to checkwhether the temperature at thecollector temperature sensor is highenough to change over to DHW tankloading.

Control unit switches diverter valveto position ”AB-A” and the space

heating return water will be channelledinto the boiler via the storage tank, ifthe temperature differential betweenstorage tank temperature sensor(discharge) and space heating returntemperature sensor exceeds that setat control unit . If the temperature ofthe pre-heated return water isinsufficient, the boiler re-heats thewater to the necessary flowtemperature level.

5167156v3

.1

System Designs

48



Solar collectorSolar-DiviconSolar pump lineTaps

DHW circulationDHW circulation output of the boilercontrol unit or timer installed on site

Heating water storage tankOil/gas-fired boilerDHW tank

*1High limit safety cut-out, see page 41.

5167156v3

.1

2

A

B

1

C

4

qE

D

9

qP

qQG

qT

qR AB

BA

H

55

21

3

DHW

S R

DCWqW

7

K

6

Refer to Viessmann sample layout drawing #5 foralternate layout. (contact Viessmann sales rep. fordetails)

System Designs

49


Dual-mode DHW heating and space heating backup with heating water storage tank- with Vitosolic 200 (continued)


Item Description Number Part no.Control of DHW tank loading by solar energy

1 Vitosolic 200 1 7134 4502 Collector temperature sensor 1 Included in




1 7133 454or7133 455

5 High limit safety cut-out (see also page 41) 1 Supplied on site8 Circulation pump (relayering) 1 Supplied on site

Control of DHW tank loading by the boiler6 DHW tank temperature sensor 1 Included in

standardequipment of theboiler control unit


Space heating control with solar energy9 Return temperature sensor (heating circuit) 1 7170 965qP Temperature sensor (storage tank), discharge 1 7170 965qQ Temperature sensor (storage tank, re-loading) 1 Included in


qW Three-way diverter valve 1 Supplied on siteqE Solar circuit circulation pump for storage tank heating

(part of the solar pump line, see page 35)1 Supplied on site

qR Circulation pump for storage tank heating 1 Supplied on siteqT Heat exchanger 1 Supplied on site*1A threaded elbow (standard delivery for Vitocell-B 100, accessory for Vitocell-B 300 ) is recommended for this installation.

Note:Heating water storage tank , circulation pump for storage tank and heat exchanger can all be replaced with anindirect-fired storage tank, c/w internal heat exchanger coil (e.g. Vitocell-V 100).

5167156v3

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WARNING

System Designs

50

System Design 3

Dual-mode DHW heating with two DHW tanks- with Vitosolic 200


DHW tank 2 is heated by the boiler. TheDHW tank thermostat with connectedtank temperature sensor of theboiler control unit switches circulationpump to heat up the DHW tank.DHW circulation pump 8b (if installed)is switched ON and circulation pump8a is switched OFF, so that the DHWcirculation only affects DHW tank .


Solar circuit circulation pump isswitched ON and DHW tank 1 is heatedup, when a temperature differencehigher than the value set in control unit

is measured between collectortemperature sensor and tanktemperature sensor .The temperature in DHW tank 1 islimited by the electronic limitthermostat in control unit or byhigh limit safety cut-out (ifrequired).When the preset temperature isexceeded, this device switches OFFsolar circuit circulation pump . Theelectronic temperature limit is set at thefactory.

Circulation pump 8a is switched ON,when the temperature at sensor inDHW tank 1 exceeds that at sensorin DHW tank 2.

The DHW circulation covers both DHWtanks. This feeds the water heated inDHW tank 1 into DHW tank 2. Thisway, DHW tank 2 is also heated bysolar energy.DHW circulation pump 8b (if installed)for DHW tank 2 is controlled by theboiler control unit.

Circulation pump 8a will be switchedOFF if the temperature in DHW tank 2rises above that in DHW tank 1.

5167156v3

.1The domestic hot water temperaturemust be limited to 140 °F / 60 °C byinstalling a mixing device, e.g. athermostatic anti-scald mixing valve.

WARNING

System Designs

51


Installation diagram (system with two DHW cylinders with indirect coils)

Solar collectorSolar-DiviconTapsDHW circulation

DHW circulation output of the boilercontrol unit or timer installed on siteHeating circuit

Oil/gas-fired boilerDHW tank 2DHW tank 1


5167156v3

.1

S R

7

G H K

3

2 1

4

2

A

D

5

96

qP

F

C

1

B

5

28

21

E

DCW

DHW

8b

8a

DCW

System Designs

52


Dual-mode DHW heating with two DHW tanks- with Vitosolic 200 (continued)


Item Description Number Part no.

Control of DHW tank 1 loading by solar energy1 Vitosolic 200 1 7134 5522 Collector temperature sensor 1 Included in




1 7133 454or7133 455

5 High limit safety cut-out (see also page 41) 1 Supplied on site

Control of DHW tank 2 loading by the boiler6 DHW tank temperature sensor 1 Included in

standardequipment of boilercontrol unit *2

7 Circulation pump for DHW tank loading*3 1 AccessoriesDHW tank

DHW circulation changeover8 DHW circulation pump or circulation pump (relayering) 1 Supplied on site

9 Temperature sensor tank 1 1 Included instandardequipment foritem 1

qP Temperature sensor tank 2 1 7170 965

*1The screw-in elbow which is available as an accessory for the DHW cylinder is recommended for installation purposes.*2Accessory with Vitodens.*3Part of the standard delivery with Vitodens (for types with DHW heating).

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53

System Design 4

Dual-mode DHW and swimming pool water heating- with Vitosolic 200


The top part of the DHW tank is heatedby the boiler.The DHW tank temperature sensorof the boiler control unit switches tankheating circulation pump .


Solar circuit circulation pump for DHWheating is switched ON and theDHW tank is heated up, when atemperature difference higher than thevalue set in control unit is measuredbetween collector temperature sensor

and DHW tank temperaturesensor .

Solar circuit circulation pump for DHWheating is switched OFF, and solarcircuit circulation pump for swimmingpool heating is switched ON (see”Swimming pool water heating”), if thetemperature at DHW tank temperaturesensor is so high that the actualtemperature difference falls below theset differential temperature.

The temperature in the DHW tank islimited by the electronic limitthermostat in control unit or byhigh limit safety cut-out (ifrequired).When the preset temperature isexceeded, these devices switch OFFsolar circuit circulation pump . Theelectronic temperature limit is set at thefactory.

Swimming pool water heating

Solar circuit circulation pump for DHWheating is switched OFF, and solarcircuit circulation pump forswimming pool heating is switched ON,if the temperature at DHW tanktemperature sensor is so high, thatthe temperature difference falls belowthe set differential temperature forDHW heating.The temperature at collectortemperature sensor must then behigher by the temperature difference forswimming pool water heating set incontrol unit than the temperature attemperature sensor (swimming pool)

.Swimming pool water limit thermostat(max. limit) switches circulationpump OFF when the desired setwater temperature has been reached.Circulation pump is switched OFFfor approx. 2 minutes roughly every15 minutes (adjustable time), to checkwhether the temperature at thecollector temperature sensor is highenough to change over to DHW tankloading.

When the solar energy is insufficient toheat the swimming pool water, theheating of the swimming pool water willbe taken over by the oil/gas-fired boilervia temperature sensor in heatexchanger 2.

The filter time and any boiler backupshould fall outside those times whenheating by solar energy can beexpected.

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Solar collectorSolar-DiviconSolar pump lineTapsDHW circulation

DHW circulation output of the boilercontrol unit or timer installed on siteHeating circuitOil/gas-fired boilerDual-mode DHW tank

Swimming poolHeat exchanger 2Heat exchanger 1Filter system with pump


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qQ

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3

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2

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Dual-mode DHW and swimming pool water heating- with Vitosolic 200 (continued)


Item Description Number Part no.Control of DHW tank loading by solar energy

1 Vitosolic 200 1 7134 5522 Collector temperature sensor 1 Included in



4 Circulation pump for the solar circuit(standard equipment of Solar-Divicon, see page 35)

1 7133 454or7133 455

5 High limit safety cut-out (see also page 41) 1 Supplied on site8 Circulation pump 1 Supplied on site

Control of DHW tank loading by the boiler6 DHW tank temperature sensor 1 Included in

standardequipment of theboiler control unit


Control of swimming pool heating by solar energy9 Temperature sensor (swimming pool) 1 Included in


qP Solar circuit circulation pump for swimming pool heating(part of the solar pump line, see page 35)

1 Supplied on site

qQ Swimming pool limit thermostat (max. limit) 1 Supplied on siteControl of swimming pool heating by the boiler

qE Temperature sensor (heat exchanger 2) 1 7170 965qR Limit thermostat (max. limit) 1 Supplied on siteqT Circulation pump for swimming pool water heating 1 Supplied on site*1A threaded elbow (standard delivery for Vitocell-B 100, accessory for Vitocell-B 300) is recommended for this installation.

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System Design Extensions

Bypass circuit

To improve the start-up characteristicsof the system or for systems withseveral collector arrays, operation witha bypass circuit is feasible.

Version 1 - bypass circuit with collector temperature sensor and bypass sensor

The Vitosolic 200 records the collectortemperature via the collectortemperature sensor. If the settemperature difference between thecollector temperature sensor and the

cylinder sensor is exceeded, the bypasspump is switched ON.If the temperature difference betweenthe bypass sensor and the cylinder

temperature sensor is exceeded by 2.5K the solar circuit pump is switched ONand the bypass pump is switched OFF.

R1R5

VL

S3

RL

NoteThe pump of the Solar-Divicon is usedas the bypass pump and the pump ofthe solar circuit pump line is used asthe solar circuit pump.

R1 Solar circuit pumpR3 Bypass pumpS1 Collector temperature sensorS3 Bypass sensor

S1

Version 2 - bypass circuit with solar cell (e.g. with an external heat exchanger)

For this system version, the solar circuitpump takes on this additional function.The Vitosolic 200 records the solarintensity via the solar cell.

The solar circuit pump will be switchedON, if the set irradiation threshold isexceeded.

The pump will be switched OFF, if theirradiation falls below the set switchingthreshold (shutdown delay approx.2 min).

R1

VL

CS

RL

S1CS Solar cellR1 Solar circuit pumpS1 Collector temperature sensor

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System Design Extensions (continued)

System with energy-saving mode

Version 3 - bypass circuit with solar cell and collector temperature sensor

The Vitosolic 200 records the solarintensity via the solar cell.If the set irradiation threshold isexceeded, the bypass pump is switchedON. The bypass pump is switched OFF

and the solar circuit pump will beswitched ON, if the set temperaturedifference between the collectortemperature sensor and cylindertemperature sensor is exceeded.

The bypass pump will also be switchedOFF if the irradiation falls below the setswitching threshold (shutdown delayapprox. 2.5 min).

R1R5

VL

S1

RL

CS

CS Solar cellR1 Solar circuit pumpR5 Bypass pumpS1 Collector temperature sensor

NoteThe pump of the Solar-Divicon is usedas the bypass pump and the pump ofthe solar circuit pump line is used asthe solar circuit pump.

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Appendix

200 litres/day45 °C

Azimuth: 0°Inclination: 45°

300 litres

2 x Vitosol 200-F

11 kW

58

Calculation Example Based on the Viessmann “ESOP” Program

Solar heating system with dual-coil DHW tank

Results of simulation over a one-year period

DHW solar fraction 59.8 %System efficiency 36.2 %Heat yield of collector circuit 2 214 kWhIrradiation on reference surface 6.12 MWhHeat requirement for DHW heating 2 975 kWhNatural gas savings 274 m3

CO2 emissions avoided 520 kg

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Appendix

Coverage 59.8%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Period: 1.1. – 31.12.

59

Calculation Example Based on the Viessmann “ESOP” Program (continued)

Solar heating system with dual-coil DHW tank (continued)

System parameters

Collector circuit details2 collectors Model: Vitosol 200-FTotal surface area, gross: 5.42 m2 Net: 4.99 m2

Angle of inclination: 45º Azimuth: 0º

DHW cylinder with two indirect coilsCapacity: 300 l Model: Vitocell-B 100 (300 litres)

DHW consumerType: Detached house 200 l per day at 45 ºC set temperature, 365 days

Cold waterFebruary: 8 ºC August: 12 ºC

Weather statisticsA location at 49º latitude Total annual global radiation: 1101.08 kWh/m2

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Glossary

AbsorberDevice contained inside a solar collectorfor absorbing radiation energy andtransferring this as heat to a liquid.

AbsorptionAbsorption of radiation.

CondenserDevice in which vapour is precipitatedas liquid.

ConvectionTransfer of heat by a flowing medium.Convection creates energy lossescaused by a difference in temperature,e.g. between the glass plate of thecollector and the hot absorber.

DispersionInteraction of radiation with matter bywhich the radiation direction is altered;total energy and wavelength remainunchanged.

EfficiencyThe efficiency of a solar collector is theinput/output ratio of the collector.Relevant variables are, for example, theambient and absorber temperatures.

EmissionRadiation of beams, e.g. light orparticles.

EvacuationEvacuating air from a container. Thisreduces the air pressure and creates avacuum.

Heat loss coefficients k1 and k2k1 is the constant component of theheat loss of a collector and is usuallydesignated as k value (unit: W/(m2 · K)).k2 is the quadratic component of thetemperature-dependent heat loss(unit: W/(m2 · K2)).Any informative statement about theheat losses of a collector requires bothvalues to be quoted.

Heat pipeClosed, capillary container whichcontains a small quantity of highlyvolatile liquid.

Heat transfer mediumFluid which picks up the useful heat inthe absorber of the collector andtransfers it to a user (heat exchanger).

Photovoltaic effectGaining electrical energy from solarenergy.

Radiation energyQuantity of energy transmitted byradiation.

Radiation level (irradiation)Radiation power, impacting per unitsurface, expressed in W/m2, orBtu/h/ft.2.

Selective surfaceThe absorber in the solar collector hasbeen given a highly selective coating toimprove its efficiency. This speciallyapplied coating enables the absorptionto be maintained at a very high level forthe incident sunlight spectrum(approx.94%). The emission of thelong-wave heat radiation is largelyavoided.The high-selectivity black chromiumcoating is very durable.

StagnationCondition of a collector when no heat isbeing conducted away by the heattransfer medium.

VacuumA space devoid of air.

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Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc.750 McMurray RoadWaterloo, Ontario • N2V 2G5 • CanadaTel. (519) 885-6300 • Fax (519) 885-0887www.viessmann.ca • [email protected]

Viessmann Manufacturing Company (U.S.) Inc.45 Access RoadWarwick, Rhode Island • 02886 • USATel. (401) 732-0667 • Fax (401) 732-0590www.viessmann-us.com • [email protected]

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viessmann vitosol thermal solar collectors system design guidelines

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