vietnam. 7. what were the causes of the vietnam war?
TRANSCRIPT
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Vietnam
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7. What were the causes of the Vietnam War?
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Vietnam had been dominated by foreign powers for centuries…
• 1st the Chinese for over 1000 years
• Then colonized by the French in 1860s
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• Built roads, RR, rice & rubber plantations
• Catholicism• French – 2nd language
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• Post—WWII, Nationalist leader Ho Chi Minh returned to Vietnam to lead an independence revolt against the French
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Ho Chi Minh• Long exile – some in USSR
• Returned in ’40s
• Fought Japanese
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• After WWII, fought France
• “barefoot army” known as Viet Minh
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•Defeated the French in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu, N. Vietnam—Communist control
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Geneva Accords• Peace
conference• Vietnam was
divided at 17th parallel
• temporary dividing line
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Domino Theory
• US feared if Vietnam “fell” to communism, the rest of SE would too
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• Guided US foreign policy for years
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• Supposed to hold elections to reunify the country
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•
•N. Vietnam- Communist, led by Ho Chi Minh
•Elections never happened
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Truman• His “doctrine” = support any non-Comm. Country
• Sent $ to France
• Containment
•
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Eisenhower• Sent military advisors & $ to S. Vietnam
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Kennedy• More military advisors
• Sent LBJ to S. Vietnam to assure US support
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Johnson• • Policy of
escalation• US took over major role of fighting N.V.
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Gulf of Tonkin• U.S. ships off the
coast of N. Vietnam reported being fired on…LBJ launched air raids on North Vietnam; technically a declaration of war, furthered our commitment to South Vietnam
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What were the major sides of the
war?
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US & South Vietnam
• US allied with S.V.
• Led by Ngo Dinh Diem
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Diem •
• Educated in NJ; Catholic (>90% of Vietnam was Buddhist)
• Harsh, autocratic, unpopular
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North Vietnam & Viet Cong• • Led by Ho
Chi Minh• National hero
• Nationalist, Communist
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Viet Cong• National Liberation Front
• Communist South Vietnamese
• Guerrilla warfare
•
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•
• USSR & China were also providing military & economic aid to N.V.
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Tet Offensive—1/68; Vietnamese New Year; Viet Cong caught the S. Vietnamese by surprise; targeted and invaded every major city and military center in S. Vietnam—technically failed, but it changed the public opinion in the U.S.; citizens watched this on TV—had been told we were winning the war
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What were the results of the Vietnam War?•Peace agreement = 1973—U.S. agreed to withdraw, a year later, the war resumed & the Communists defeated the S., reunifying the country•U.S. lost 58,000 men & women; spent >$200 billion•Millions of Vietnamese were killed, homeless, entire generations were wiped out•Major changes in U.S. foreign policy…much more cautious when entering conflicts•Recognized the limits of military power—have a cause & support of the people