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Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации (Минтранс России) Федеральное агентство воздушного транспорта

(Росавиация) ФГОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет гражданской авиации»

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ № 1,2, 3 Для студентов I курса заочного факультета всех

специализаций

Санкт-Петрпбхтг

Одобрено и рекомендовано к изданию Учебно-методическим советом Университета

Ш87 (03)

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК: Контрольные задания № 1 , 2 , 3/ Университет ГА. С.-Петербург, 2008.

Составлены в соответствии с программой курса «Английский язык». Предназначены для студентов 1 курса ЗФ всех специализаций.

Составитель Г.В. ПоповаРецензент Т.В. Добрунова, канд. фил. наук, доц.

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МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ. 1 .В работе над иностранным языком на 1 курсе студент должен руководствоваться "Методическими указаниями и контрольными заданиями" (контрольные работы № 1,2, 3 ), Академии ГА. 2. Каждое контрольное задание даётся в пяти вариантах. Студент должен выполнить один из пяти вариантов в соответствии с последней цифрой его шифра.

Последняя цифра шифра студента Номер варианта задания1 и 2 1З и 4 25 и б 3

- 7 и 8 49 и 10 5

3. Контрольное задание должно быть написано чернилами, чётко, аккуратно. При выполнении работ необходимо оставлять поля дня замечаний и методических указаний рецензента. Иностранный текст следует писать на левой странице тетради, а его перевод на правой.4. К. зачёту и экзамену допускаются студенты, выполнившие работу в соответствии с учебным графиком.

Для сдачи зачёта или экзамена студент должен :а) уметь читать и переводить без словаря тексты контрольных заданийсвоего варианта;б) уметь читать и переводить со словарём текст по тематикеконтрольных заданий №1,2,3

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Вариант 1*.

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите1 по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. ё. служит ли оно:а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в PresentIndefinite;б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;в) признаком притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. The Moscow underground connects the center of the city with almost all districts and suburbs of Moscow.2. My friend's parents live in Moscow.3. There are many blocks-of flats of modem design in Moscow.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Moscow University scientists work at many urgent problems.2. Moscow has a large truffle system.3. There is great construction work in Moscow.

Ш. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The underground is the quickest and most convenient means of trans -port.2. Moscow is older than St. Petersburg.3. The more often I visit Moscow the more I like it.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский

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язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.1. Some students of our group visited Moscow last year.2. Do you know any foreign language?3. We have no English lessons on Saturday.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в нихвидовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведитепредложения на русский язык.

1. A new house greatly changes the appearance of this square.2. Many students took part in the scientific conference.3. Great changes will take place in science and engineering in future.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-йабзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й, 3-й и 5-йабзацы.

MOSCOW

1. Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is more than eight centuries old. Yuri Dolgoruki founded it in П47. There is a monument to him in Moscow.2. During the whole history of Russia Moscow occupied the leading place in the political and cultural life of the Russian people. In 1918 it became the capital of Soviet Russia. Moscow is a big industrial, cultural and political centre of the country. Moscow's numerous plants and factories produce different goods for the population and various machines for all branches of national economy.3. Moscow is also a large educational and scientific centre. There are many various educational establishments and research institutes in Moscow.The oldest Russian educational establishment - Moscow University - is also here. Its founder was a. great Russian scientist of the 18-th century M. Lomonosov. The building of the University is the highest building in Moscow.4. Moscow is beautiful. Everybody admires its fine buildings, palaces, architectural monuments, green parks and squares.5. Many important events in the history of Russia took place in Moscow. The Moscow Kremlin is one of the world's largest collection of historical and art treasures. The cultural life of the capital is very rich. There are a lot

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of cinemas, theatres and art exhibitions in Moscow.6. A wonderful collection of world famous pictures by Repin, Levitan, Surikov and other Russian and contemporary artists are in Tretyakov Gallery. The Pushkin Art Museum possesses art works by foreign masters. The Russian capital is also famous for one. of the largest libraries in the world the Russia's State Library - where there is everything for work and study

ЛШ. Прочитайте 6-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Какой из вариантов ответа соответствует по содержанию одному из предложений текста?

What ait works does the Pushkin Art Museum possess?

1. The Pushkin Art Museum possesses the works by Russian artists.2...........................................................................by foreign masters.3...........................................................................by contemporary artists.

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в PresentIndefinite;б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;в) признаком притяжательного падежа имени существительного.


1. About three hundred bridges cross the rivers and canals of St. Petersburg.2. In autumn the water in the Neva rises very high and sometimes it runs into the streets.3. One of the most famous monuments in St. Petersburg is St. Isaac's Cathedral.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений,

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выраженных именем существительным.

1. My friend is a first year student of St. Petersburg University.2. Like any big city St. Petersburg has the traffic problem.3. Many people attend the Russia's National Library.

Ш. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. St. Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.2. It is better to visit St. Petersburg in summer than in winter.3. The more I work at my English the better I know it.

TV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1.Any art museum has a vast collection of wonderful works.2.Some students at higher schools carry out important scientific work.3.There was no underground in St. Petersburg before 1955.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в нихвидовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведитепредложения на русский язык.

1.A lot of small rivers run into the Neva and there are many islands in them.2.Peter the First founded St. Petersburg.3. In winter a group of foreign students will come to our Institute.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1-й, 3-й, 4-й и 5-йабзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3-й, 4-й и 5-йабзацы.

ST. PETERSBURG.

1. St. Petersburg is the second largest and important city in Russia. It has a population of about 5 million. The Neva flows through St. Petersburg to the Gulf of Finland.2. The building of St. Petersburg began on the 16-th of May, 1703 and in

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1712 it became the capital of Russia. There are fine buildings, squares, parks, gardens and canals and such famous architectural monuments as the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, Peter's and Paul's Fortress and others.3. St. Petersburg is a great industrial centre. Mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, instrument making, radio electronics, shipbuilding prevail in the city. Trams, buses, trolley buses, taxis and underground link all districts of St. Petersburg.4. St. Petersburg is one of the greatest and oldest centers of culture and science. There is the Academy of Sciences, the Naval and Aviation Academies, the University, a great number of research institutes and institutions of higher education in St. Petersburg. There are also many professional and People's theatres, dozens of museums with the State Hermitage which is one of the most famous in the world.5. St. Petersburg is a historical centre too. Great historic events took place here. During the War of 1941-1945 Leningrad stood against the enemy for nine hundred days. More thansix hundred thousand people died in the blockade, but the people of Leningrad did not let the enemy go into the city. On the 27-th of January we celebrate the victory at the Leningrad front which marks the heroic feat of the defenders of the Hero City.

VTI. Прочитайте 2-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Какой из вариантов ответа соответствует по содержанию одному из предложений текста?

When did St. Petersburg become the capital of Russia?. -

1. It became the capital of Russia in 1703.2. It became the capital of Russia at the end of the 17-th century.3. It. became the capital of Russia in 1712.

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в PresentIndefinite;б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;в) признаком притяжательного падежа имени существительного.


1. Hie history of London goes back to Roman times.2. Many of die buildings, squares and parks of London are of historical and architectural interest.3. Trafalgar Square is famous for its fountains, pigeons and the Nelson's Column.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. The system of London passenger transport covers an area of more than 2,000 square miles.2. The business portion of London is near the Windsor Castle.3. During winter there is no movement of air over London and then there appears smog.

Ш. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Some of the oldest streets of London are very narrow.2. A Grammar School1 in Britain has better buildings, smaller classes, more professional teachers.3. The more you study English the better you know it.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русскийязык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательныхместоимений.

1. There are no natural resources in the London area.2. Any student of Oxford goes in for some kind of sport.3. Within some English universities there are colleges specially for one sex."

1 Grammar School -средняя классическая школа.' specially for one sex • только мужские или женские

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V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них

видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The history of London began on the north bank of the Thames.2. The City covers only about a square mile.3. A group of our students will go to London next summer.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 6-йабзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите cl-го по 4-й

LONDON

1. London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economical and cultural centre. It is more than twenty centuries old. And now London is the largest city of Great Britain, the most important transport centre, one of the three biggest ports in the world. It lies on the banks of the river Thames which divides the city into two large parts - the West End and the East End.2. The West End is the district of the rich. The houses, streets and parks are the finest in the capital. The best theatres, cinemas, concert halls, large museums, hotels and big shops are here. The most beautiful London Park -Hyde Park - is here too.3. The East End is the poorest part of London. There are no beautiful houses and parks here. The East End is unattractive in appearance. The workers and poor people live here.4. One of the most important sections of London is the City. The City occupies a smail part of London, but it is the financial and business centre of the country. Many big banks and various offices are in the City.5. Most of the Government buildings are in Westminster. Westminster Palace is the seat of the British Parliament, and Buckingham Palace is the royal residence.6. There are many architectural, art and historical monuments and museums in London such as the National Gallery, St. Paul's Cathedral, Nelson's Column and others.7. The British Museum is London's center of books and learning. The Museum Library contains over 7-mln titles. The University of London which is more than 120 years old is near the British Museum.

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VII. Прочитайте 7-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Какой из вариантов ответа соответствует по содержанию одному из предложений текста?

l i

Where is the University of London?

1. The University of London is in the City.2. The University of London is near the British Museum.3. The University of London is in the centre of London.

Вариант 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

^ б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного; ^ в) признаком притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

j* Переведите предложения на русский язык

v 1. New York's maritime position makes it the main "gates" to the U.S.A.I 2. Numerous bridges, tunnels and ferries join Manhattan to Brooklyn,

jj » 3. New York consists of five districts and occupies an area of about 900о % square kilometers.Я 01

4

ЭI*.• <

« a 1<sVГ1

l i

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7 iV

^ 1

П. Перепишите следующие предложения и переварите их, обращаявнимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений,выраженных именем сущесггвительным. ^о ^э*

1.Wall Street is the centre of American money business4.' V2.The United Nations Headquarteri^js in the Manhattan.3.The U.S.A. has a very busy^tiaffic_systemj


1. More than half the foreign-trade passes through New York port.2. The Empire State Building is the tallest building in the world.

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3. The nearer you approach New York the more you become amazed."

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. There is no grass, no big trees, no flowers, no birds in Nen York.2. Any traveller who arrives in New York by sea sees the Statue of Liberty.3. The U.S.A. has rich oil-fields in California, Texas and some other regions

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.Many people came to New York in the 19-th and at the beginning of the 20-th century.2.The great collection of skyscrapers in Manhattan is the chief feature of. New York.3.Some American businessmen will come to our city next year.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы.

NEW YORK

1. New York is not a very old city. It is some three hundred years old. New York, the largest city in the U.S., is in the mouth of the Hudson River. The centre of New York is Manhattan Island which at the same time is the oldc* part of the city.2. Ney York is a manufacturing city* and the home of great firms and banks. There are important branches in New York which produce vehicles, paper and paper products, glass, chemicals and all kinds of machinery. The city has very busy traffic, its streets and highways are full of cars and buses.3. The mouth of the Hudson River makes an excellent harbour with different kinds of ships not only for passengers but also for the materials by which the

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' become amazed - поражаетесь' manufectunnd city -промышленный город

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city lives. Numerous bridges link Manhattan Island with the opposite shores.4. Many of skyscrapers of fifty and more storeys house the banks and offices of America's money kings, the richest men in the country.5. Comparatively few of New York's inhabitants live in Manhattan, although the majority spend a considerable part of the day in this centre of business life. Here Broadway begins, here is Wall Street and Stock Exchange*.6. Among the inhabitants of New York there are people of almost all nationalities who came here during the immigration in the 19-th and at the beginning of the 20-th century. Another feature of New York population is the vast number of Negroes who live in Harlem, which is the most densely populated section of the city.


People of what nationalities are there in New York?

1.There are people of European nationalities in New York.2.There are people of Asian nationalities in New York.3.There are people of almost all nationalities in New York.

Вариант 5

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно;а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в PresentIndefinite;б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;в) признаком притяжательного падежа имени существительного.


1. The population of Washington numbers less than one million people.

' Stock Exchange -бирх<а

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2. In America there are representatives of practically all racial and nationalgroups.3. The main Washington's production is government decrees and laws.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Everyday twenty-five railway cars with scrap paper leave Washington.2. The sixteenth President of the U.S. Lincoln is the author of Emancipation Proclamation.3. Most of Washington's inhabitants are government clerks and officers,


1. Washington is not larger than Philadelphia or Detroit.2. The largest city of the U.S.A. is New York.3. The nearer to the Pacific Coast the warmer the climate is in the U.S.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. The city of Washington has no industry2. There is some difference between British and American English.3. The Library of Congress has special reading rooms where it is possible to consult any material.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The author of the Declaration of Independence was the third President of the U.S.A. Thomas Jefferson.2. The main street of Washington - Pennsylvania Avenue - stretches out between the Capitol and the White House.

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VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 7-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите с 1-го по 6-й

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абзацы.

WASHINGTON

1.The capital of the United States of America is Washington. It is onthe Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any one state but to all states. Its name the district received in the honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America.2. The capital owes very much to the first President of the United States George Washington who selected the place for the District and laid in 1790 the comer-stone2 of the Capitol, where Congress sits.3. Washington is not the largest city in the United States. It is smaller than New York, Chicago or Los Angeles. It has a population of900,000 people.4. Washington is a one-industry town. That Industry is government. It does not produce anything except very much scrap paper3. There are only bakeries, non-alcoholic drinks plants and state printing -offices.5. There are many historical places in Washington. The largest and tallest among the buildings is the Capitol with its Great Hall of Representatives and Senate Chamber.6. The White House is the President's residence. All American Presidents, except G. Washington, lived in the White House.7. Not far from the Capitol is the Washington Monument, which looks like a very big pencil. It rises 160 metres and is hollow inside. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds, from where they enjoy a view of the city. Other famous monuments are the Jefferson Memorial and the Lincoln Memorial.8. On the other bank of the Potomac lies the Arlington national Cemetery, where the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier rests and where President Kennedy was buried4. American soldiers and officers, who died in World Wars I and П and in the Vietnam War, are buried there also.


2 was buried - был похоронен



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Where does the Arlington National Cemetery lie?

' comer-stone - основание

' scrap paper - бумажная макулатура

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1. The Arlington National Cemetery lies near the Capitol.2. The Arlington National Cemetery is not far from the White House.3. On the other bank of the Potomac lies the Arlington National Cemetery.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ

2 Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе 2 обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) I. New scientific solutions, ideas and methods have appeared in space investigations lately.

2. The programmes of space exploration are becoming more and more complicated.b) I. Tsiolkovsky's theoretical calculations are used by scientists in many countries.

2. Any existing body is acted upon by other bodies.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The basic formula describing the motion of a rocket and determining its velocity is now known as Tsiolkovsky's formula.2. While designing a rocket many things must be taken into consideration,3. Outer space is a varied laboratory created by nature.4. When applied the new method of investigations give quite extraordinary results.

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Ш. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

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1. Under weightless conditions, liquid cannot be consumed from open containers.2. The development of the vehicle should begin with a definition of the basic mission objectives.3. Those men who fly into outer space have to have firm knowledge of many things.4. Orbital launchings may be made from space stations.IV Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й и 3-й абзацы.

К.Е TSIOLKOVSKY (1857 -1935)

1. At the turn of this century the Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky solved several problems bearing on the theory of reactive movement and substantiated the possibility of manned space flight Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's theoretical calculations have been widely used by scientists in many countries.2. K.E. Tsiolkovsky was bom on September 5, 1857 in the village of Izhevsk, in Ryazansky province. When he was ten he contracted scarlet fever and was left permanently deaf. And this greatly influenced the course of his life. He educated himself; he read; he wrote verses, constructed model-balloons, a winged flying machine, a carriage driven by a steam turbine, etc. At the age of fifteen he got interested in mathematics and later became a mathematics and physics teacher.3. When he was sixteen he began to think of applying centrifugal force to the ascent into space. A popular account of his views on this subject was first published in 1895 and a more detailed survey of a liquidfuelled space -ship was prepared in 1898 and published in 1903. This first design was a streamline shape divided up into a long conical combustion chamber, propellant and living compartment. One of Tsiolkovsky's great contribution to aeronautics was the use of liquid fuels.4. During the period of 1903-1926 he published several articles and books dealing with the mathematical theory of rocket flights and space travel. His calculations showed the possibility of travelling out into space and setting up manned space stations.

V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

25

What did Tsiolkovsky's calculations show?

I. 2 3

the possibility of constructing a new rocket, the possibility of travelling out into space, the possibility of improving flying machines.

Вариант 2


a) I, Scientists and engineers are developing new methods of tests. 2. The achievements in space exploration have influenced the

development of aerodynamics.b ) L A new equipment was installed and tested in flight.

2. The behaviohr of any system is strongly affected by gravity.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle П и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.Zhukovsky made all the calculations for the forces acting upon an aircraft wing.2.Zhukoysky examined the problem of constructing the dirigible balloon in a report presented to the.Polytechnical Society in 1881.■J .When discussing high-speed aerodynamics, we constantly refer to tire speed of sound.4. If designed to fly above the speed of sound planes must have strong and thin wings.


1. The lift of an airfoil can be determined mathematically.

26

2. We may say that the rocket works on the reaction principle.3. The designers had to cany out tests for detennining the wing loading.4. The equipment on board the aircraft should function properly.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста.Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й и 3-й абзацы.

N.E.ZHUKOVSKY (1847 - 1921)

1.N.E. Zhukovsky is a founder of aeronautical science and a pioneer of aviation in Russia. All modern aeronautical calculations are based on his theoretical works. He was the first to develop a scientific wing theory and the principles of airscrew design. A new branch of science - aerodynamics -was created by him.2.Well before the first aeroplanes appeared N.Zhukovsky was interested in the problem of flying. Initially he turned his attention to the construction of dirigible balloon and later, since the early nineties, he turned to aviation. The historic flight of the first aeroplane built by the Russian inventor A.F. Mozhaisky convinced Zhukovsky that constructing a heavier-than-air craft was possible. Models of aircraft and aerodynamic instruments were designed, built and tested and various aerohydromechanical problems investigated.3 . In the experimental study of aircraft wide use is made of a device known as the wind tunnel. The first open-throat wind tunnel* was built -by K.E. Tsiolkovsky, and in 1902 the first closed-throat wind tunnel was'built at Moscow University under Zhukovsky's direction. This construction made it possible to solve some of basic problems of aviation.4. For the first time in the history of science, Zhukovsky explained lift; he gave a mathematical analysis of the wing and propeller, set out basic principles of the helicopter, organized excellent aerodynamic laboratories, trained a group of outstanding scientists and aircraft designers, among them5. Chaplygin, A.Tutpolev and many others. He was the first President of the Central Aero Hydrodynamic Institute (ZAGI) created by him.

V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенныхвариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащегоправильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

' open-throat wind tunnel - аэродинамическая труба с открытой рабочей частые

27

What did Zhukovsky explain?

1.........................................lift.2.........................................gravity.3.........................................aerodynamics.

Вариант 3и


a) L Aviation has become the cradle of cosmonautics.2. Our country is carrying out a vast programme of space exploration and

research.b) I. Successful orbital flights were followed by space flights.

2. The Vostok spaceship with Y. Gagarin on board was put into orbit on April 12,1961.


1.The launching of the rocket carrying the spaceship requires greatprecision. ^-ч.2. Computers perform millions of mathematical calculations required in scientific research.3. While solving these complex equations they used a digital computer.4. When introduced the new method received the general recognition.


28

I. In outer space people can observe and study new phenomena and discover

29

laws of nature.2. The propulsion system should start and operate reliably.3. They had to make more tests for determining the possibility of using a new system.4. The tracking of a space vehicle may be accomplished in three different ways.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3-й и 4-й и 5-й абзацы.

S.P.K0R0LYOV (1906-1966)

1. The ideas of reaching the stars was one of man's most exciting dreams. The first man who fully understood the possibility of space flights was K.E, Tsiolkovsky. His rocket opened the road into outer space.2. In the 1920s several groups of scientists and engineers worked on problems of rocketry in the Soviet Union. In 1934 a Research Institute of Reactive Propulsion was organized. All the fundamental works and investigations in rocketry were concentrated in it. Among those who worked at the Institute was S.P. Korolyov, future chief designer of powerful multi-staged rockets. ^3. S.P. Korolyov was bom in Zhitomir in a teacher's family. He graduated a Building Trade Secondary School in Odessa and began to work in the aircraft industry. Some years later he went to Moscow to go on with his studies. He entered the Moscow Higher Technical School which he graduated in'1930.4. After studying K.Tsiolkovsky's theories Korolyov made rocket design his aim in life. Being a talanted designer and an extremely active person he soon became the head of a design office. This very office designed, constructed and launched the first liquid propellant rocket in August 1933.5. During World War П S.P .Korolyov was appointed assistant chief designer of engines for combat planes. An important task set before the young designer was the development of powerful rocket systems. In 1958 for his outstanding contributions to space science and technology he was elected member of the Academy of Sciences.6. For a number of years S.P. Korolyov was engaged in solving complicated problems connected with space research. Many of his ideas have found application in space technology. It may be said that a series of outstanding developments in the history of space exploration is connected with the name of S.P. Korolyov.


Where have the Korolyov's ideas found applications?

1...................................................in aircraft design.2...................................................in creating rockets.3...................................................in space technology.

Вариант 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его в идо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе 2 обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) I. The developments oftir transport have brought deep changes in the life of people.

2. Scientists and engineers are solving the problem of aircraft noise.b) I. The first scientific approach to flight was made by Leonardo de Vinci around 1550.

2. The construction of "Russky Vityaz" type was followed by the building of "flya Murometz" type.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle П и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на.русский язык.

. .я . I _ .,ая1«

1. The aeroplarieponsfeictedj2. Regular flights in our con with Nizhny No^jgorod.3 .^Vhile designing an aircraft pttention is paid to the shape of wing.

myehteythe aeroplan^ ^ki^(tg§d£kit possible to land and take offin winter. p в)\ Офр\+

31

) A_F.Mozhaiskytres£)ntafiie air in 1882 ' started on the airnnicorifaectfhg'Moscow

HI. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. No plane can be put into operation without testing.2. The designers should first determine the performance of the future aircraft.3. To leam the principles of lift scientists had to study the characteristics of air streams.4. We may say that Sikorsky is one of the founders of helicopter design.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3-й, 4-й и 5-й абзацы.

I.I. SIKORSKY (1889-1972)

1. Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky occupies a special place in the history" of aviation. Few individuals in the history of flight may equal Sikorsky as an aircraft designer, pilot, and aviation pioneer. Sikorsky has greatly contributed to multi-engine aircraft design, flying boats, and helicopters.2. I. Sikorsky was born in Kiev in a family of a famous, professor in psychiatry. Sikorsky received a splendid education. Being a little boy he built original mechanical devices.3. Already in his childhood Sikorsky became interested in aviation. In 1908 he built his first helicopter which almost worked. A second helicopter built by Sikorsky in 1910 rose into the air. It had two propellers revolving in opposite directions. Some time later he turned to the construction of aeroplanes.4. It was in 1910 that he launched, his "S" series of aircraft which consisted of both monoplanes and biplanes. Some of these planes won the first prizes at different Aviation Exhibitions.5. About this time Sikorsky became convinced that the next logical step was to design a large multi-engine aircraft. In 1913 there appeared heavy multi-engine aeroplanes of the "Russky Vityaz" type designed by Sikorsky. On August 2, 1913 the plane of this type set up a world record by remaining in the air for 1 hour 54 minutes, and in 1914 an improved version of this type of aircraft - "Ilya Murometz" - was built.6. After the events of 1917 Sikorsky left Russia. For some time he lived and

33

worked in Paris and later he came to the United States. Sikorsky's role in American aviation has been significant, in particular his contributions to helicopter design where the name of Sikorsky has become almost synonymous with the technology of vertical flight.


What has the name of Sikorsky become synonymous with?

1................................................with the aircraft design.2................................................with the technology of vertical flight.3................................................with the development of space technology.

Вариант 5


a) I. The Ilyushin's design bureau has built more than 50 types ofaircraft.

2. Scientists and engineers are solving the problem of reducing the weight of the aircraft.b) I. The IL-76 is characterized by low take off and landing speeds.

2- The piston twin - engined EL-I2 was succeeded by the BL-I4.


1. Engines installed on the aircraft must function properly.2. There are various precise instruments increasing the safety and efficiency of flight.3. When designing a new aircraft designers try to make it safer and more efficient.

34

4. When produced this aircraft will service both the internal and international routes.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.The electronic equipment should increase the safety of flight.2.Modern aircraft can cover large distances without intermediate landing.3.All on-board equipment and systems have to be highly accurate, reliable and simple for use.4.The new airport may be used to handle widebody aircraft.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й и 3-й и 4-й абзацы.

S.V.ILYUSHIN (1901-1984)

1. Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin was born in a family of a peasant from the remote village in the Vologda Gubernia. He had tried many jobs before he became a leading aircraft designer of this century. His mission in life was to create planes. They were designed at the bureau which he set up and which was named in his honour.2. The first plane designed by Ilyushin appeared in 1935. It was a high -speed long-range plane. Its pilots set several world aviation records. For a number of years before this fiyushin was engaged is designing gliders. He took part in the national glider trials regularly held in the Crimea since 1923. There he first met S. Korolyov, O.Antonov and A. Yakovlev who were later to become outstanding aviation and space technology designers.3. Ilyushin thought much about airbattle tactics. During the World War П there appeared the IL-2 designed by Ilyushin. Amobg the planes fighting in that war the IL-2 had no rivals. The nazis called it "the black death".4. The war was still raging when the aircraft designers turned their thoughts to new problems arising in civil aviation. Ilyushin was the first designer who installed jet engines made in our country on his aircraft. This was the experimental four-engined IL-22 whose composition served as a prototype for the UL-86 airbus. Later followed the IL-I2, IL-I4 and IL-18 which have carried many million passengers.

35

5. In 1968 the intercontinental IL-62 carrying 186 passengers went into commercial operation. Three years later the IL-76 jet transport appeared and

36

in 1978 the wide-body IL-86 airbus made its first flight. All the Ilyushin's planes are aerodynamically perfect, economically profitable and provide all conveniences and comfort for passengers.


What type of aircraft is the EL-86?

1.It is a long-range aircraft.2.It is a wide-body aircraft.3.It is a short-range aircraft.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ

№3 Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The existing transport systems are continuously being improved.2. New transport facilities have been designed and put into operation,3. Some new Metro stations will be opened in our city.4. The development of transport is always paid great attention to.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is known that the first railway in Russia was opened from Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo in 1837.2. New buses will soon replace the old ones.3. Modern aircraft have better performance than those of previous ones.

37

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. More roads and bridges are to be built in this region.2. Electric transport does not pollute the air.3. Developing transport we have to think of its effect on the environment.4. Our country has a large transport network.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на усский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. We know high speed is the main advantage of the monorail.2. Improved transport will not solve all the problems cities are feeing today.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание иа функцию инфинитива.

1. G.Stephenson was the first to design a locomotive.2. New railways and highways are being built to link the remote districts with the centre.3. The task is to balance developments of both individual types of transport and public transport systems.4. To control city traffic electronic devices are used.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й, 3-й и 4-й абзацы.

TRANSPORT

1 The word "transport" (the American word for the same thing is "trans-potation") means to cany people or goods from place to place.2. Man, nature, transport ... What is for which and which is for whom? These problems are of great interest for specialists and the millions of men as well. Everyone rides on some vehicle every day. Besides, in modern society transport reflects scare of the main problems of society - the big city, energy problems, ecology and others.

38

3. Transport remains one of the largest branches in general system of world economy. It is becoming more modern and efficient. Land and water transport as well as road and city one are continuously being reconstructed

39

and modernized.4. Air transport occupies a significant position among other means of transport. In the dynamic world of today aviation provides a rapid transportation link between different population centers complementing a road and rail transportation network. In many places the aeroplane is the only known vehicle for the large scale movement of passengers and freight over large distances. As for the helicopter this type of aircraft has proved its value in special applications - in building and assembly work, on sea demcks, etc.5. As to the future of transport it will develop in all its kinds. Most of the advances expected in air transportation will materialize within the next few years. The largest airplanes ever designed for commercial services, capable of carrying nearly 500 passengers are already being built. The "ideal" short-haul air transport5 probably will be a vertical or short take-off and landing aircraft.

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

»

What will the "ideal" short-haul air transport be?

1............................................the wide-body aircraft.2............................................the supersonic aircraft.3............................................ the vertical or short take-off and landingaircraft.

Вариант 2


I. The achievements of science and technology will be introduced into production on a large scale.

5 the short-haul air transport - воздушный транспорт для перевозки пассажиров на короткие расстояния

40

2. Great success has been achieved in space engineering lately.3. Intense work is being carried out on designing new robots.4. The invention of the steam engine was followed by other usefulinventions.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. One may rely upon the correctness of these experiments.2. It is the development of electronics that made possible advances inengineering. • .3. It is obvious that the education and training of engineers must be a partnership between industry apd higher education.

Ш. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. The mechanical engineer cannot work successfully if he does not know new materials.2. At the beginning of aviation development the designers had to solve many problems that are no longer problems today .3. The installation of the new system was to increase the output of production.4. Students have all the possibilities for research work. i,

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русскийязык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. We know the art of civil engineering was enriched by the achievements ofscience.2. The education the engineer must receive includes a wide range ofknowledge.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русскийязык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1, One of the most important functions of the engineer is to integrate thetheory with practice.2.Our country was the first to put into orbitan artificial sputnik.

41

3. It is necessary for the engineer to apply engineering tables and formulas in his work.4. To be a good engineer one must have a good training in physics, mathematics and chemistry.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й, 3-й 4-Й и 5-й абзацы.

ENGINEERING*1. Engineering is one of the most ancient occupations in history. Without the skills included in the broad field of engineering, our present-day civilization never could have evolved.2. Engineering is a science which deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices which are used in industry and everyday life.3. The term "engineering" appeared not long ago. However, the art of building houses, palaces, temples, pyramids and other structures was known many thousand years ago. Now it is called "civil engineering".4. The art of civil engineering has been enriched with new achievements of science. Nowadays, civil engineering is spoken about as an important branch of national economy. It deals not only with the building of houses, bridges, roads, tunnels, dams, etc. Now its task is to construct railroads, underground railways, water and air transport, etc.5. With the invention of the steam engine and the growth of factories a number of civil engineers became interested in the practical application of the science of mechanics and thermodynamics to the design of machines. Thus a new branch - mechanical engineering - appeared. Aeronautics is one of the branches of mechanical engineering dealing with the mechanics of moving bodies in fluid and air.6. In the 19-th century the development of the science of electricity caused the appearance of electrical engineering which is divided into two branches: communications engineering (the design of radio, television and telephone equipment) and power engineering (the design of generators, transformers, etc.). And in the middle of the 20-th century there appeared nuclear engineering and space engineering. The former is based on atomic physics and the latter is influenced by all the achievements of modern science and engineering.

' engineering -инженерное искусство; техника; машиностроение

42


When did there appear nuclear engineering and space engineering?

1 2 3

in the 19-th century.at the beginning of the 20-th century.in the middle of the 20-th century.

Вариант 3


1. Computers are widely used for controlling automatic production.2. Many other ways had been used for doing calculations before computers appeared.3. Faster and smaller computers will be developed in the future.4. The appearance of computers was influenced by the development in the field of electronics.

П. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is the computer the importance of which cannot be underestimated.2. It is known that electronics gave birth to the computer.3. One cannot imagine modern technology without using computers.


1. The automation does not replace human decisions on important issues.2. The computer of a new design is to be smaller in size and simpler in operation.3. Computers had to free man from hard labour of keeping in memory a large volume of information.4. The "Electronic Brain" has to save man's labour by carrying out the most

43

complex Computations.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. Computers the electronics industry produces find various applications.2. We know the electronics produced radar.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. The task is to increase two-three times the production of computers.2. English scientist J. Thomson was the first to discover the electron.3. Computers are the machines designed to process electronically prepared information.4. It is necessary for the manager to use the computer to make proper decisions.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста.Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й, 3-й и 4-й абзацы.

COMPUTERS

1. Computers represent a rather new branch of science. Although still new, these machines have brought about a real revolution m science, technology, statistics and automatic control.2 The reason for this is the fact that a mathematical formula can be found for almost all scientific and technical problems. One can solve them without a computer, but it requires millions of arithmetical operations. That's why many problems of exceptional importance remained unsolved for a time. A high speed electronic computer can carry out several thousand arithmetical operations in one second.3. Electronic machines work according to a programme, prepared in advance, which determines the sequence of operations. They have a very efficient electronic "memory" which stores the initial date, the intermediate' numbers and final results as well as the working commands the operator gives to the machine.4. There are two main types of electronic computers: analogue and digital. In analogue computers problems are solved by analogy. They are used to investigate mechanical forces, spieeds, rotations, etc. In digital computers

44

problems are solved by counting. All the data connected with the problem which is to be solved are converted into electrical pulses and these pulses are stored and counted.5. Computers serve us in many different ways and for many kinds of work: in offices and aviation, in banks and cosmonautics, etc. Their use is becoming more widespread as cheaper and smaller computers become available.


Why is the use of computers becoming more widespread?

1....................................as we have many computers.2..............................................as cheaper and smaller computers become available.3.............................................as they serve us in many different wa}'?..

Вариант 4


1. A new long-term plan is now being prepared.2. Standards had been set before the control began3. New services will be offered by this enterprise in the nearest future4. Planning is commonly referred to as primary management function.

Ц. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is the decision-making which is the essence of a manager's work.2. Creative climate is the one where there is open communication among employees.3 It is known that control is a very important management function.

45

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. The manager has to be very careful in defining the problem.2. Proper planning does not always result in desired effect.3. Careful organizing is to ensure the efficient use of human resources.4. The manager had to do his best to establish the right psychological climate among the employees.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The real test of a manager's ability is the results he achieves.2. We know control begins by setting standards.


1. То make an effective plan the manager needs to obtain forecasts of economic conditions.2.It is necessary for every manager to make decisions.5. The next step was to select the best man for the job.4. It is the manager whose task is to control a business, a hotel, etc.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й, и 2-й абзацы.

SOME WORDS ABOUT MANAGEMENT

1. Although nearly all aspects of modem life are touched at least indirectly by the work of managers, many people do not really understand what the management process is. Management is not only the activity of telling employees what to do. Management is a complex and dynamic combination of synthetic techniques and common sense. To learn about management one should divide it into several subprocesses.2. One of fundamentals of management is planning. Plans are the detailed methods, formulated beforehand, for doing some job. A strategy is one type of a plan. It specifies the central concept or purpose of the organization. It also specifies the means by which it intends to create and distribute its services. It describes the basic puipose of the enterprise, the goals which it

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seeks to achieve, and the ways in which the resources of the enterprise will be used to achieve these goals. Plans should specify what, when and how things are to be done. Sometimes these plans are called "action plans" to emphasize the need to turn good intentions into action. 3. The use of computers lias greatly facilitated die work of managers. Now the computer is being hailed as a cure-all for all sorts of business maladies. Today there is a growing understanding that the computer and its characteristics enlarge need for its services. The new man-computer relationship will change the way society works, travels and finds entertainment.

4. The computer may help executives reduce die business risk brought about by political and socioeconomic issues, consumer and environmental concerns and new governmental regulations.


Who may help executives reduce the business risk?

1. The manager.............2 The computer.............3. Employees...............

Вариант 5

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залег глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. More attention has been paid recently to developing new services of energy.2. Now many problems are being solved with the help of electronic computers.3. The man's powers over the balance at nature will be multiplied by the advance of technology.4. At present the problems of ecology are much spoken of.

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II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на

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русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It is known that a nuclear catastrophe and the environmental crisis are quite different in character.2. The new method of research has a number of advantage over the old one.3. It is a radical change in the attitude to nature that will make it possible to solve the environmental problems.


1. Environmental research does not constitute a new separate field of science.2. The air pollution in large cities is one of the major problems of the 20th century.3. We have to take adequate measures in time to forestall

possible unpleasant situations.4. Man is to learn much to preserve our planet.

Г/. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. It is sometimes difficult to foresee all the effects a new technology may produce on the environment.2. We know everything and everybody are subject to the laws of nature.


1. То keep nature in balance man must put back everything he takes from it.2. The goal of all sciences and all countries is to join efforts for solving the environmental crisis.3. Russian scientist Vernadsky was the first to proclaim a new approach to biosphere.4. It is necessary for man to protect and preserve nature.

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VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й, 3-й и 4-й абзацы.

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MAN AND ENVIRONMENT

1. Hie Earth is the object of the most sciences. Our planet is sometimescompared to a spaceship with a closed ecological system. The resources inthis system are to provide for the needs of the creatures that live on thisplanet. The problem of man and his environment has become the focus formost sciences because it is of great significance for the whole of mankind.2. Hie present-day environmental problems are beyond the competence ofn individual scientist. The environmental situation is a subject ofi research

efforts of biologists, chemists and biochemists as well as specialists in geology, oceanography and meteorology, with experts in sociology, psychology and philosophy.3. One of the causes of the present environmental situation is the lack of a balanced .development of particular fields of knowledge. The rapid and ever-growing advances in certain highly specialized fields dominate over our general fundamental knowledge. Man's intervention in nature has singled out man from the rest of the animal world. It is this intervention that has led to most of today's problems.4. Nowadays the problem feeing man is the threat to his environment. One should realize that the environmental crisis is of a cumulative nature. No single action or decision can bring about an immediate catastrophe. We approach the critical point step by step.5. Consequently, the first thing for man is to realize the possible adverse impact of our actions and to find an entirely new approach to the problem. This new approach is the biosphere governed and operated in accordance with the laws of the human mind.

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных зриантов _. ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What is the first thing for man to do?

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not to intervene in najure.to make the proper decision.to realize the possible adverse impact.

Подписано к печати 23.01.2008 Формат бумаги 60x90 Vi6.

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