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Grade 3 – English Language Arts Terminology and Definitions

Act – a main part of a play, such as the beginning, middle, or end

Adjective – a word that describes a noun

Adverb – a word that describes a verb

Antonyms – words that have the opposite meaning

Article – a word that tells you whether a noun is definite or indefinite

Capital Letter – and “upper-case” letter

Capitalize – to make the first letter in a word a capital letter

Cause – the reason something happens; leads to an effect

Character – a person in a story

Comma – a special mark used to separate items in a list

Compare – look for things that are the same about two sentences, passages, or topics

Concluding Sentence – a sentence that ends a paragraph and sums up its main point

Context – the text surrounding a word or sentence

Contrast – to find things that are different about two sentences, passages, or topics

Definite Article – tells you exactly which person, place, or thing you are talking about

Detail – a sentence or bit of information that supports the main idea of a paragraph or passage

Dialogue – the spoken lines characters say to each in a drama

Drama – a story that is written to be performed on a stage, such as a play

Effect – the result of a cause

Exaggeration – saying that something is more than what it is

Fact – a statement that is always true

Fiction – stories that are made-up; events in fictional stories did not really happen

Heading – a word or phrase that comes before a page or paragraph, and tells you the topic

Homographs – words that are spelled the same, but that have different meanings

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Homophones – words that sound the same, but that have different meanings and spellings

Indefinite Article – an article that does not tell you exactly which person, place, or thing you are talking about

Inference – a conclusion that make, based on the information you have

Main Character – the person a story is mostly about

Main Idea – what a story or passage is mostly about

Metaphor – a suggested comparison of two like things that does not use “like” or “as”

Nonfiction – a type of writing that contains facts and teaches you something

Noun – a person, place, or thing

Opinion – a belief about a subject

Pattern – something repeated over and over again

Period – a special mark used to show that a statement has ended

Plot – the main action in a story

Poem – a type of writing that includes stanzas, rhythm, and rhyme

Prefix – a group letters added to the beginning of a root word to form a new word

Pronoun – a word that takes the place of a noun

Rhyme – a set of words or lines that sound very much alike

Rhythm – the way the lines in a poem sound when you read them; when the lines of a poem sound like a song when you read them

Root word – a simple word that becomes a new word by adding more letters at the beginning or end

Scene – a small part of a play; part of an act

Sequence – the order in which events in a passage happen

Setting – the time and place in which the events of the story happen

Simile – a comparison of two like things, using the words “like” or “as”

Stage Directions – the instructions in a drama that tell you what the characters are doing before, during, and after dialogue is spoken

Stanza – a set of lines in a poem

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Subject – the noun that is the subject of a sentence

Suffix – a group of letters added to the end of a root word to form a new word

Supporting Sentence – a sentence in a paragraph that supports the topic sentence; usually any sentence other than the first and last sentences in a paragraph

Synonyms – words that have the same, or almost the same, meaning

Tense – tells you when a sentence is happening

Theme – the author’s general message in a story

Topic – the main subject of a nonfiction passage

Topic Sentence – sentence that tells you the topic of a paragraph; usually the first sentence in the paragraph

Verb – the action word in a sentence


Act – a main part of a play, such as the beginning, middle, or end



Alliteration – use of words that start with the same sound

Antonyms – words that have the opposite meaning

Article – a word that tells you whether a noun is definite or indefinite

Author – person who wrote something

Author’s Purpose – why an author wrote something

Bar Graphs – graphics that group information using bars

Beat – one sound in a line of a poem

Capitalization – use of capitals, or upper case letter, to set words apart and write proper sentences

Cause – a person, a thing, or an event that makes something happen

Character – a person in a story

Commas – marks used to add pauses in sentences or separate items in a series

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Comparison – act of finding the qualities two items share

Concluding Sentence – sentence that ends a paragraph

Content-Specific Words – words with special meanings, that apply to certain subjects

Context Clues – hints from other words in a piece of writing

Contrast – act of finding the ways in which two items differ

Definite Article – the word the

Details – pieces of information, usually specific that relate to and support, the main idea

Dialogue – set of words, or lines, actors say in a play

Effect – result; the thing that happens

Exaggeration – act of making something seem more that it is

Fact – something you can prove

Fiction – type of writing that is made up

Headings – short titles in a piece of writing that tell you what’s coming

Homographs – words that are spelled the same but mean different things

Homophones – words that sound the same but are spelled differently

Indefinite Article – the words a or an

Index – lists pages where you can find subjects

Inference – guesses drawn from facts

Main Idea – main thing a piece of writing is about

Maps – pictures of where things are and how to find them

Metaphor – compare two things directly using a form of the verb is

Meter – how the lines of a poem sound when read aloud

Nonfiction –piece of writing that is based on facts

Noun – person, place, or thing

Novel – A long piece of writing that is made up

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Opinion – a personal thought

Paragraphs – main building blocks of writing

Periods – marks that mean “stop” in sentences; they come at the ends of sentences

Personification – act of giving human qualities to something that isn’t human

Play – piece of writing that is meant to be acted out

Plot – set of events that make up a story

Poem – piece of writing set in groups of lines called stanzas; sometimes uses rhyme

Prefix – group of letters that area added to the beginning of a root word to change its meaning

Prior Knowledge – something you already know

Problem – challenge; something to fix

Pronouns – words that replace nouns

Rhyme – to sound alike

Root word – main piece of a word

Scenes – units that make up an act in a play

Sentence tense – when a sentence takes place (in past, present or future)

Setting – time and place of a piece of writing

Sequence – order in which things happen

Simile – compares two things using the word like or as

Solution – answer to a problem

Stage Directions – tell actors what to do in a play

Story – short piece of writing that is made up

Subject – person, place, or thing that does something in a sentence

Summarizing – act of briefly describing a story

Synonym – word with the same or similar meaning as another word

Suffix – group of letter that are added to the end of a root word to change its meaning

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Supporting sentences – sentences that support the topic

Table of Contents – lists all the book’s sections, or chapters, in order

Tables- graphics that show words in columns and rows

Theme – main lesson of a passage

Title- name of a piece of writing

Topic – what a piece of writing is about

Topic Sentence – sentence that tells what the paragraph’s about

Traits – qualities of characters

Venn Diagram- graphic that uses circles to show how things are alike and how they differ

Verb – action word in a sentence


Actions – the things that a character does



Affix – a group of letter added to the beginning or ending of a root word

Antonyms – words that mean opposite things

Article – a word that comes before a noun, telling you whether the noun is definite or indefinite

Author - the person who wrote the story, article, play, drama, or other passage

Cause - the reason why something happens

Capitalization – the process of making the first letter in a word an Upper-Case letter

Chapter – a section of a book that discusses a particular topic

Characters – the people (or equivalent) in a story

Climax – the part of plot with the most exciting or important events of a story, and which often comes near the end of a story

Comma- a special kind of punctuation that is used to indicate a pause or separation in writing

Compare – a process in which you look for things that are the same

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Concluding Sentence – the sentence that ends the paragraph

Conflict – the part of plot, usually in the beginning of a story, that sets out the main problem or struggle

Conjunction- a joining word, such as “and” or “or”, used to link two or more ideas or phrases in a sentence

Context – what is happening in the sentence of paragraph

Contrast – a process in which you look for things that are different

Cycle Diagram – a type of graphic used to show a circular process

Definite Noun- a specific person, place, thing or idea

Detail – a sentence or fact that gives you information about a topic

Dialogue – the spoken conversation between characters in any type of writing

Drama – a type of writing that is meant to be performed, such as a play

Effect – something that happens as the result of a cause

Emotions – what a character feels

Fact – information that can be proven

First Person – a narrative style told from the viewpoint of a character in a book

Flowchart – a type of graphic used to show how one step in a process leads to another, also called a graphic organizer

Heading – a short title that comes before a page or paragraph, telling you what the topic of the page or paragraph will be

Indefinite Noun – A person, place, thing, or idea that is not specific

Index – an alphabetically arranged list of key terms, with page numbers, found in the back of a book

Inference – a kind of guess you make about what is happening, based on what the narrator tells you

Informational Passage – a passage that gives you facts without trying to make you feel a certain way

Main Idea – what a story or passage is mainly about

Metaphor - a figure of speech that compares two different things without using the words “like” or “as”

Meter – a pattern of rhythm in a poem

Motives – the reasons why a character does something

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Narrative – a type of writing that describes a sequence of events; a story

Narrator – the person telling the story

Opinion – a viewpoint or personal belief that cannot be proven true or false; opinions often vary from person to person

Organizational Chart – a type of graphic used to show where things and/or people are situated within an organization

Paragraph – a carefully built piece of writing used to communicate information and which consists of a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence

Period – a type of punctuation used to indicate that a sentence has ended; periods are only used with statements

Personification – giving human qualities to animals and objects

Persuasive Passage – a type of passage that tries to change your mind about something or tries to make you think or feel a certain way about something

Plot – the main series of events in a story

Poetry – a type of writing that uses expressive language written in a series of lines and stanzas

Point of View – the perspective or angle from which a story is told

Prefix – a group of letters added to the beginning of a root word

Problem – a situation in a story which is often confusing, troubling, distressing, or conflicting and which needs a solution

Pronoun – a word used in place of a noun (usually to prevent too much repetition)

Radial Diagram – a type of graphic used to show how things are related to one another

Relationships – the dynamics of who a character gets along with or does not get along with

Resolution – the part of plot in which a story’s problems and conflicts are solved, and which often is the final part of a story

Rhyme – the use of words that sound very much alike

Rhythm – the way the lines in a poem sound when you read them

Rising Action – the part of plot that happens after the conflict, and which consists of events leading up to the climax

Root – a base word used to make a bigger word

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Sequence – the order in which things happen

Setting – the time and place in which the events of a story occur

Simile – a comparison of two different things that uses either “as” or “like”

Solution – the process of solving a problem, or reducing the amount of conflict or distress caused by the problem

Stage Directions – the instructions that tell the actors what they should do before, during, and after they speak; stage directions also help the reader understand what the characters are doing if the play is being read and not performed by actors

Statement – a sentence that is neither a question nor an exclamation

Subheading – a heading that tells you the general topic of a paragraph located under a main heading

Subject – the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something in a sentence

Suffix – a special group of letters added to the end of a root word to form a new word

Summary – a brief description of a story or event, identifying the main idea of passage and the most important details

Supporting Sentence – A sentence that gives you more information about the topic introduced in the topic sentence, or a sentence that provides evidence to support the point made in the topic sentence


Table – a type of chart that organizes similar types of information, first listing certain kinds of categories, and then listing different things that fit into those categories

Table of Contents – list of chapters, with page numbers, found at the beginning of a book

Tense – form of a verb that tells you when the action takes place

Theme – the central idea or meaning of a story or article

Third Person – a narrative style in which the narrator is an all-knowing being, not directly involved with the story

Title – name of a book, story, poem, article, play, etc

Topic Sentence – a sentence that appears at the beginning of the paragraph, and which tells you what the paragraph will be generally about

Traits – a character’s qualities


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Grade 6 – English Language Terminology and Definitions

Act – a main party of a play


Adverb – a word that describes a verb, and adjective, or another adverb; often end is “ly”

Alliteration – the repetition of initial sounds in the words of a line of poetry


Article – a word that comes before a noun, telling you whether the noun is definite or indefinite

Author – the person who wrote the story, article, play, drama, or other passage

Bar Graph- graph with a series of vertical or horizontal bars representing information

Capitalization – the process of making the first letter in a word an upper-case letter; helps make writing clearer

Cause – the action or event

Cause and Effect – method of organization in which an action causes a result

Climax – in fiction, the point at which the conflict is addressed by the main character(s)

Comma – a special kind of punctuation that is used to indicate a transition or separation in writing

Comparing – looking for things that are the same

Concluding Sentence – the sentence that ends a paragraph, restating the main topic of a paragraph

Conclusion – an overall opinion the reader forms after reading a passage

Conflict – the struggle or problem faced by the character in a story

Conjunction – a joining word, such as “and” or “or”, used to link two of more ideas or phrases in a sentence

Content-specific Words – words or phrases that relate to a particular subject or area of study

Context Clues – information from the passage that identifies the meaning of a word or group of words

Contrasting – looking for things that are different

Couplet – two successive rhyming lines that appear together

Definite Article – the word “the”, which indicates a specific person, place, thing, or idea

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Dialogue – the spoken conversation between characters in a drama


Effect – what happens as a result of the event or action

Fact – a piece of true information that can be independently proven

First Person – a narrative style told from the viewpoint of a character in a book

Heading – a short title that comes before a page or paragraph, which tells you what the topic of a page or paragraph will be

Homographs – words that look alike but have different meanings

Homophones – words that sound alike but are spelled differently, such as “their” and “there”

Indefinite Article – words such as “a”, “an”, “any”, or “some, that indicate an unspecific person, place, thing, or idea

Index – section at the back of a book listing of topics and their page location within a text

Inference – a determination that the reader make about what is happening, based on information and evidence provided in the passage

Informational Passage – a passage that gives the reader facts without trying to make him or her feel a certain way

Main Character – the character the writer focuses on in a written work

Main Idea – what a story or passage is mainly about

Maps – graphics showing actual physical locations, as well as political divisions, resource distribution, and location of roads

Metaphor – an implied comparison of two different things without using the words “like” or “as

Meter – a pattern of rhythm in a poem

Narrative Passage – a type of writing describes a sequence of events; a story


Paragraph – groups of sentences that relate to one topic; the main building block of writing

Period – a type of punctuation which is used to indicate that a sentence has ended; periods are only used with statements

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Personification – figurative language that gives human qualities to animals and objects

Persuasive Passage – a type of passage that tries to change the reader’s mind about something or that tries to convince the reader to do or believe something

Plot – the main series of events in a story

Poetry – also Poetic Passage; a type of writing that uses expressive language written in a series of lines and stanzas

Prefix – a group of letters added to the beginning of a root word

Problem/Solution – an organizational structure in non-fiction texts in which the author typically presents a problem and possible solutions to it.

Pronoun – a word used in place of a noun (usually to present too much repetition

Resolution – in fiction, how the conflict is resolved and what happens to the character afterward

Rhyme – the use of words that sound very much alike

Rhythm – the way the lines in a poem sound when you read them

Rising Action – in fiction, events following the introduction of the conflict and leading up to the story’s climax; often the bulk of the story

Root Word – a base word that is used to make a bigger word with the addition of affixes

Scene – a division of an act in a play; usually described in stage directions

Sequence – the order in which things happen

Setting – the time and place in which the events of a story occur

Simile – a direct comparison of two different things, using either “as” or “like” as a connecting word

Stage Directions – the writer’s instructions to the actors and those setting up the play. They tell the actors what they should do before, during and after they speak, and also indicate music and lighting changes. Stage directions also help the reader understand what the characters are doing (if the play is being read, and not performed by actors)

Statement – a sentence that is neither a question nor an exclamation

Subject – the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something in a sentence

Suffix – a special group of letters added to the end of a root word to form a new word and alter the meaning of the root word

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Supporting Sentence – a sentence that gives you more information about the topic introduced in the topic sentence or that provides evidence to support the point made in the topic sentence


Table – a visual representation of information broken down into columns under headings or categories

Table of Contents – an index in the front of a book that provides the chapter number and titles, as well as the page number they begin on

Tense – form of a verb that tells you when the action takes place

Theme – the central idea or meaning of a story or article

Third Person – point of view of a narrator outside the story

Title – part of a book found on its cover that tells the reader what the book is about or what it contains

Topic Sentence – a sentence that appears at the beginning of the paragraph that tells you what the paragraph will be generally about


Grade 7 – English Language Terminology and Definitions

Adverbs – words that describe actions

Allusion – reference to familiar people, places, things, or events

Antonym – opposite of a word

Apostrophe – punctuation mark used to form contractions or show possession

Ballad – poem that tells a story in rhythmic verse; usually rhymes, (most folk songs, for example.)

Bar Graphs – graphics that group information using bars

Bias – unfair preference for, or dislike of, something

Cause – a person, a thing, or an event that makes something happen

Characters – people or animals in a story

Clause – a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate

Climax – point in a story at which the conflict is addressed; usually the most exciting part of the story

Colon- punctuation mark most commonly used to separate hours and minutes when giving the time

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Comedy – light-hearted play that’s usually written to make the audience laugh

Comma – a punctuation mark that indicates a transition or separation

Comma Splice – run-on sentence in which a comma, but no conjunctions, separates that clauses

Comparison – act of finding the qualities two items share

Complex Sentence – two or more simple sentence put together; has two subjects and two predicates

Conclusion – overall opinion of a piece of writing

Conflict – main problem or struggle in a story

Context Clues – hints from other words in a piece of writing

Contraction – word that results when a letter or letters are left out

Contrast – act of finding the ways in which two items differ

Couplet – two lines of verse next to each other that rhyme; work together in a poem to create a unit.

Dependent Clause – words that do not express a complete thought; also called a subordinate clause

Dialogue – the words spoken by actors in a play

Effect – result; the thing that happens

Elegy – lyric poem that expresses sadness over a death or the passing of time; traditionally songs for funerals

Fact – something that can be proven to be true

Fiction – type of writing that is made up, such as stories and poems

First-Person Perspective – story told from the “I” perspective; story is limited to the narrator’s perspective

Flowcharts – illustrations that show sequence of events

Fused Sentences – sentence with clauses that run together without punctuation

Generalizations – broad statements

Graphic Organizers – visual images and headings that organize information

Headings – short titles in a piece of writing that tell you what’s coming.

Homonyms – words that are spelled the same but mean different things and often have different pronunciations

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Homophones – words that sound the same but are spelled differently

Hyperbole – exaggeration or overstatement

Idioms – expressions whose meanings cannot be taken literally

Imagery – art of using words to create an experience otherwise perceived through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.

Independent Clause – words that could be their own sentence; a complete thought.

Inference – a form of reasoning in which a reader comes to a conclusion based on evidence from the text

Line Graphs – graphs that are simple versions of bar graphs, lines only

Lyric – relatively short poem with one speaker who expresses thought and feeling; sonnet, elegy, and ode are examples

Main Idea – main thing a piece of writing is about

Metaphor – compares two things directly using a form of the verb is

Nonfiction – a factual piece of writing

Novel – a long piece of fictional writing

Ode – lyric poem that praises an important person, place, or thing

Opinion – a person’s belief that can’t be proven

Personification – act of giving human qualities to an object or abstract idea

Pie Charts – graphics that show, by the size of each piece of the graphic, or “slice”, the relative importance, or size, of each slice

Play – piece of writing that is meant to be acted out

Plot – set of events that make up a story

Poem – piece of writing set in groups of lines called stanzas; sometimes uses rhyme

Point of View – perspective of a story; narrator’s perspective

Possessives – words that show ownership

Predicate – describes something the subject is or does

Prefix – group of letters that start a word

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Problem – a challenge; something to fix

Proofread – to look for errors in spelling, grammar, and structure

Propaganda – information spread to influence how people think; may display extreme bias.

Punctuation – marks used in writing to accentuate something, indicate a pause or an end, or indicate some special feature about a phrase or numbers

Quotation Marks – mark of punctuation that look like a pair of apostrophes; most commonly used to enclose the words of a speaker

Rhyme Scheme – pattern of rhyming lines in a poem

Resolution – way in which a conflict is addressed in a story

Rising Action – events after the conflict is revealed but before the conflict must be faced

Root Word – main piece of a word

Run-on Sentence – sentences with two or more main clauses

Second-Person Perspective – story told from the “You” perspective

Semicolon – mark of punctuation that looks like a combination of a colon and a comma; used to indicate transitions

Sentence Fragment – part of a sentence that fails to express a complete thought

Setting – time, place, and social context of a piece of writing

Sequence – order in which things happen

Simile – compares two things using the words like or as

Simple Sentence – most basic kind; expresses just one thought and has just one subject and just one predicate

Solution – answer to a problem

Sonnet – rhymed lyric poem consisting of 14 lines

Stage Directions – tell actors what to do before, during, and after they speak in a play

Story – short piece of writing that’s made up

Subject – who or what a sentence is about

Subject-Verb Agreement – placing the right verb with the subject

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Suffix – Group of letters added to the end of a word

Summarizing – act of briefly describing a story

Supporting Details – sentence that support the topic

Synonym – word with the same, or similar, meaning as another word

Tables – graphics that show words in columns and rows

Theme – main lesson of a passage

Third-Person Perspective – story told from the perspective of someone outside the story

Tone – a way of speaking or writing that shows a certain feeling or attitude

Topic Sentence – sentence that tells what the paragraph is about

Tragedy – play that usually deals with serious subjects and doesn’t often haven a happy ending

Traits – qualities of characters

Viewpoint – perspective, how someone looks at something

Grade 8 – English Language Vocabulary

Affix – syllables added to the beginning or ending of a root word.

Alliteration – when two or more words have the same beginning sound

Allusion – reference to a familiar person, place, thing, event, or literary work in writing


Apostrophe – punctuation used to form the possessive of nouns (John’s car), to form a contraction (isn’t), and to form the plural of a lowercase letter (p’s).

Argument – in a persuasive text, the writer’s opinion or position on an issue

Author’s Purpose – the reason an author has for writing a text

Ballad – a poem that tells a story in rhythmic verse

Bias – unfair preference for or dislike of something

Cause – the person, action, or event that makes something else happen

Cause and Effect – a way or organizing writing that tells what happens and why

Characters – the people, animal, or objects in a story

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Characterization – the method an author uses to reveal characters and their carious personalities

Chart – a type of illustration showing relationship between pieces of information using geometric shapes or a format of rows and columns

Clause – a group of words with a subject and a predicate that expresses a thought

Colon – punctuation (:) most commonly used to indicate time (5:30 pm); also used to introduce lists

Comedy – drama written to amuse its audience that ends happily

Comma – a punctuation mark that is used to indicate a transition or separation in writing

Compare – a process in which you look for things that are the same about two or more things

Compare and Contrast – a way of organizing writing to show how things are alike and different

Complex Sentence – a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses

Compound-Complex Sentence – a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and a dependent clause

Conclusion – an overall opinion that you form after reading a passage

Conflict – the problem facing a story’s main character or characters

Content-Specific Words – words that are used to discuss specific areas of knowledge

Context – the words, phrases, and sentence that come before and after a particular word in a passage

Context Clues – the words and sentences in a piece of writing that help you figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word

Contrast – a process in which you look for things that are different

Couplet – two successive lines of verse that rhyme

Dialogue – the spoken conversation between characters in a drama or story


Effect – what happens as a result of the event or action

Elegy – a mournful lyric poem of lament for the dead

Fact – a piece of true information that can be independently proven

Fiction – a story that is the product of imagination rather than a documentation of fact

Figurative Language – language used in writing to make it more expressive

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First Person – a point of view in which the narrator is a character in a story and the reader’s knowledge of the story is limited to the narrator’s personal perspective

Flowchart – a graphic organizer that shows sequence

Generalization – broad statement about a topic or person

Genre – a category of literature

Graph – a diagram that shows relationships between variable quantities

Graphic Organizer – a visual illustration of your ideas, used to plan out your writing

Heading – a short title that comes before a page or paragraph, which tells you what the topic of the page or paragraph will be

Homonyms – words with the same spelling but different meanings, and often different pronunciations

Hyperbole – an exaggeration or overstatement

Idioms – expressions that cannot be understood simply bu knowing the literal meaning of the words in them

Imagery – a word or group of words in a literary work that appeal to one or more of the senses: sight, taste, touch, hearing, and smell

Indefinite Pronoun – A pronoun that takes the place of a noun (both, either, many, some)

Inference – a determination that you make, based on the information and evidence provided in the passage

Literary Devices – certain aspects of literature that are used to convey special meaning

Lyric – a relatively short poem with one speaker who expresses thought and feeling

Main Heading – the most important heading, such as a title, in a passage; tells the topic of the whole passage

Main Idea – primary focus of a passage

Map – a type of illustration showing locations and how to get from place to place

Metaphor – a figure of speech that draws on the similarities of two different things without using the words “like” or “as”

Motivation – the reason a character does something

Multiple-Meaning Word – a word that has more than one meaning

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Nonfiction – writing that is not fictional and is designed primarily to explain, argue, or describe

Ode – a lyric poem of praise for something or someone


Personification – attributing human qualities to an object or abstract idea

Pie Chart – a graphic organizer that shows proportions in relation to a whole, represented by a circle

Plot – the structure of a story; the sequence in which the author arranges events in a story

Poetry – writing that uses literary elements, such as rhyme, to present ideas or experiences to the reader

Point of View – the vantage point from which the story is told

Prefix – syllables added to the beginning of a root word

Problem – a difficult situation, an obstacle, or a challenge

Proofread – to read a passage looking for errors in spelling, grammar and structure

Propaganda – information put forth to persuade readers of a particular view

Quotation Marks – commonly used around spoken words, in dialogue; they look like a pair of apostrophes (“)

Resolution – the way in which a story’s main character solves the story’s problem

Rhyme Scheme – the pattern of rhyming lines in a poem

Root – a base word that is used to make a bigger word

Root Word – the central part of a word, to which prefixes or suffixes may be added

Run-on Sentence – sentence with two or more main clauses

Second Person – a point of view in which a narrator addresses the reader directly by using the word you

Semicolon – punctuation (;) used to link two different ideas or phrases when there is not a conjunction and when making a list of items that includes commas

Sensory Imagery – words that appeal to all of the reader’s sense

Sentence Fragment – a sentence is missing its subject or predicate

Sequence – the order in which things are arranged, actions are carried out, or event happen

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Setting – the time, place, and social culture in which the events of a story occur

Simile – a comparison of two different things, using either “as” or “like” as a connecting word

Simple Sentence – sentence made up of a single independent clause

Solution – the answer to a problem

Sonnet – rhymed lyric poem consisting of 14 lines

Stage Directions – instructions for the actors and descriptions of the stage and scenery

Subheading – a heading in boldface within a passage that tells what a section of a passage that follows is about

Suffix – syllables added to the end of a root word to form a new word

Summary – a brief description of a story or event, identifying the main idea of the passage and the most important details, using your own words

Supporting Details – additional descriptions, explanations, and details that help to strengthen the author’s point


Table – a graphic organizer that displays information in rows and columns with headings

Theme – a story’s central idea or lesson

Third Person – a point of view in a story that is given from someone not involved in the story; a point of view in which the narrator is not a character

Tragedy – drama featuring a flawed hero who meets a tragic end

Tragic Flaw – the trait of the hero or heroine of a tragedy that brings him or her to their downfall

Trait – an example of behavior that shows a character’s personality

Viewpoint – one’s perspective on someone or something

Visual imagery – words that help the reader visualize, or see, what the author wants them to see

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web viewflowchart – a type of ... resolution – the part of ... solution – the...

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