Normal anatomy with Elements of Topographic Anatomy

The term anatomy is derived from Greek roots temnein, that mean “to dissect”

The study of anatomy is linked to dissection of cadavers, and it is complemented by viewing previously dissected material and plastic models. Gross anatomy deals only with structures that can be displayed by dissection and that are visible to the naked eye, without the aid of magnification.

Gross anatomy itself is divided into systemic anatomy (e.g. skeletal, vascular, nervous), regional anatomy (e.g. limbs, head and neck) and clinical anatomy. Anatomy constitutes the basis of the gross anatomy are:

1. familiarize students with human, topographical and clinical anatomy, which will serve as basis for developing knowledge of further clinical disciplines,

2. to be able to identify anatomical details in specimens,

3. to introduce up-to-date teaching methods of anatomy based on the recent computer software,

4. to familiarize students with dissecting techniques of all structures,

5. to be able to use correct medical terminology,

6. to identify relationships between structures and function of different organs,

7. to apply anatomical knowledge,

8. to familiarize with control, integration and regulation mechanisms responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Teachers:

1. dr hab. n. med. Michał Szpinda, prof. UMK

2. dr n. med. Paweł Brazis

Contact: kizanat@cm.umk.pl

Syllabus

I. Department of Normal Anatomy

II. Department of Human Anatomy

III. Head of the Department: Dr hab. med. Michał Szpinda

IV. Faculty of Medicine, first year

V. Programme Tutor: Dr hab. med. Michał Szpinda

VI. Lectures and tutorials

VII. Assessment: examination (practical, theoretical: test exam laboratory works), 21 ECTS

points

VIII. Subject Hours: lectures 70h, tutorials160h, total 230

IX. Aims of the Subject:

1. to familiarise students with human, topographic and clinical anatomy, which will

serve as a basis for developing knowledge of further clinical disciplines,

2. to be able to identify details in anatomic specimens

3. to introduce up-to-date teaching methods of anatomy based on the recent computer

software

4. to familiarise with dissecting techniques of all structures

5. to be able to use correct medical terminology

6. to identify a relation between biological structure of organs and their function

7. to apply anatomical knowledge during clinical practice

8. to familiarise with control, integration and regulation mechanisms responsible for

maintaining homeostasis

IX. List of practical skills that will be obtained upon completion of laboratory works:

1. Identification of all structures and their topography in relation to body regions.

2. Knowledge of the topography of organs, including skeletopy, which can be important for

examining of the patient (surface anatomy of the heart and great vessels, percussion and

auscultation areas, costal lines of pleural reflection).

3. Ability to read x-ray images showing both normal and some pathological conditions (e.g.

pneumothorax, perforation of the digestive tract, bowel obstruction, dislocation of joints

and bone fracture).

4. Ability to relate biological structure of organs and their function.

5. Ability to identify the symptoms of damages to the nerves of somatic plexuses

(cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral).

6. Ability to identify deficiency signs of damage to the motor and sensory pathways,

occurring at different levels of central nervous system and within peripheral nervous

system.

7. Knowledge of the most important anatomic anomalies (e.g. vascular variations) and

developmental anomalies (e.g. visceral inversion, persisting urachus, Meckel’s

diverticulum, transposition of the great arteries).

X. Lecture Topics:

Semester I

1. Junctions of Vertebral Column and Thorax

2. Junctions of Upper and Lower Limbs

3. Classification of Nervous System. The Spinal Nerves

4. Biomechanics of Movement in Skeletal Muscles

5. Brachial Plexus

6. Autonomic Nervous System

7. Systemic, Pulmonary and Fetal Circulation

8. Alimentary System and Peritoneum

9. Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis. Portocaval and Cavocaval Anastomoses.

10. Autonomic Nervous System of Abdomen and Pelvis

11. Urinary and Reproductive Systems

12. Pelvic Canal

13. Lymphatic System

14. Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses

15. Topographical Anatomy of Lower Limb

Semester II

1.Petrous Part of Temporal Bone

2.Topographical Anatomy of the Skull

3.Larynx

4.Overview of Cranial Nerves. Trigeminal Nerve

5.Cranial Nerves

6.Autonomic Nervous System of the Head and Neck

7. Carotid arteries

8. Internal Ear

9. General characteristics of the Brain

10. Motor Pathways

11. Sensory Pathways

12. Visual, auditory, olfactory and vestibulary pathways

13. Hypothalamus

14. Limbic System

15. Endocrine System

XI. Tutorials

Semester I

1. Anatomical axes and planes. General structure of bones. Classification of junctions and joints.

Classification of skeleton. Regional characteristics of the vertebrae. General structure of vertebral

column. Curvatures of the vertebral column.

2. Ribs and sternum. Skeleton of the thorax. Junctions of the thoracic wall and vertebral

column. Movements of thorax and vertebral column. Imaging of thorax and vertebral column.

3. Bones, joints and ligaments of the upper limb. Imaging of upper limb.

4. Bones, joints and ligaments of the lower limb. Imaging of lower limb.

5. Osteology: Practise and test 1

6. Regions of upper limb. Surface anatomy of the upper limb. Muscles and fasciae of upper

limb. Synovial sheaths of hand.

7. The spinal nerves. Brachial plexus. Lesions of nerves in the upper limb.

8. Arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels of upper limb. Places for measuring pulse in the upper limb.

Fractures of upper limb’s bones causing injuries of nerves and blood vessels. Topographical anatomy

of upper limb: axillary cavity, axillary fossa, deltopectoral triangle and groove, bicipital grooves, radial

nerve canal, ulnar canal, cubital fossa, forearm grooves, carpeal canal, radial fovea.

9. Upper limb: Practise and test 2

10. Lines and regions of thorax and back. Muscles and fasciae of thorax and back. Diaphragm. The

mammary gland.

11. Intercostal nerves. Short branches of braxial plexus. Dorsal branches of the spinal nerves. Phrenic

nerve. Thoracic part of vagus nerve. Thoracic part of sympathetic trunk. Cardiac plexus.

12. Heart and pericardium. Surface anatomy of the heart and great vessels, percussion and

auscultation areas, heart sounds. Ascending aorta, arch of aorta, thoracic aorta. Pulmonary trunk,

pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary veins. Superior cava vein.

13. Trachea and principial bronchi. Bronchopulmonary segmentation (tree). Lungs. Pleural cavity.

Mechanics of respiration.

14. Thymus. Esophagus. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. Azygos veins system. Topographical

anatomy and subdivisions of mediastinum. Topographical anatomy of the back: suboccipital triangle,

intersplenial triangle, superior and inferior lumbar triangle, triangle of auscultation.

15. Thorax: Practise and test 3

16. Regions of abdomen. Muscles and fasciae of abdomen. Inguinal canal. Rectus sheath. Abdominal

hernias. Lower intercostal nerves. Lumbar plexus. Peritoneum. Omental bursa, epiploic foramen,

lesser and greater omentum. Peritoneal cavity and peritoneal reflections.

17. Abdominal part of esophagus, stomach, duodenum. Liver, gallbladder and biliary ducts. Pancreas.

Spleen. Celiac trunk.

18. Small and large intestines. Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Portal vein.

19. Retroperitoneal space. Abdominal aorta. Inferior cava vein. Abdominal lymphatic system. Lumbar

part of sympathetic trunk. Celiac and intermesenteric plexuses. Topographical anatomy of posterior

abdominal wall.

20. Abdomen: Practise and test 4

21. Regions of perineum. Pelvis and urogenital diaphragm. Internal iliac artery. Inferior hypogastric

plexus. Pudendal nerve. Lumbar splanchnic nerves. Neurovascular connective tissue lamina. Pelvic

canal. Fibrous spaces of pelvis. Ischiorectal fossa. Pubic recess. Pudendal canal. Superficial and deep

perineal space. Greater and lesser sciatic foramina.

22. Urinary system - organs, vessels and nerves

23. Male genital system - division, organs, vessels and nerves

24. Female genital system - division, organs, vessels and nerves

25. Pelvis: Practise and test 5

26. Regions of lower limb. Muscles and fasciae of lower limb. Synovial sheaths of lower limb.

27. Sacral and lumbar plexuses. Lesions of nerves in the lower limb.

28. Arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels of lower limb. The places for pulse measuring in the lower

limb.Topographical anatomy of lower limb: muscular and vascular lacuna, femoral canal, adductor

canal, greater and lesser triangles, iliopubic fossa, popliteal fossa, medial and lateral ankle canals.

29. Lower limb: Practise and test 6

30. Revision of semester I

Semester II

1. General structure (overview) of cranium. Parietal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone. Canals of

temporal bone. Tympanic cavity.

2. Sphenoid bone, frontal bone, ethmoid bone, palatine bone, maxillae, inferior nasal concha,

zygomatic bone, lacrimal bone, vomer, nasal bone, mandible, hyoid bone. Paranasal sinuses.

Fonticuli (fontanelles).

3. Osteal exits of cranial nerves. Temporomandibular joint. Cranial synchondroses and

syndesmoses. Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae. Orbit. Pterygopalatine fossa. Temporal

and infatemporal fossae. Nasal cavity. Retromandibular fossa. Passage of cranial nerves through

openings in the cranial base.

4. Skull: Practise and test 1

5. Regions of neck and head. Muscles and fasciae of neck and head. Triangles of neck. Fascial

compartments of the neck.

6. External nose and nasal cavity. Paranasales sinuses. Oral cavity. Tongue. Deciduous and

permanent teeth, hard and soft palate. Pharynx. Salivary glands: submandibular, sublingual and

parotid.

7. Larynx. Thyroid and parathyroid glands. Cervical part of esophagus and trachea.

8. Common, internal and external carotid arteries. Subclavian artery.

9. Dural infoldings and dural venous sinuses. Intracranial haemorrhages. Veins of the head.

Internal, external and anterior jugular veins. Lymphatic nodes and vessels of neck and head.

10. Cervical plexus. Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trigeminal and abducent nerves.

11. Facial, intermediate, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves. Autonomic

nervous system of neck and head. Cranial parasympathetic ganglia. Parasympathetic innervation of

lacrimal, parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.

12. Topographical anatomy of the head: orbit, pterygopalatine fossa, temporal fossa, infatemporal

fossa, nasal cavity, oral cavity, retromandibular fossa, parapharyngeal space, retropharyngeal space,

buccal space. Limitations and contents.

13. Neck and Head: Practise and test 2

14. Visual apparatus. Eyeball, accessory visual apparatus. Optic nerve. Nerves of extraocular

muscles (III, IV, VI). Pupillary light reflex and accommodation reaction.

15. Auditory and vestibular apparatuses. External, middle and internal ear. Vestibulocochlear

nerve. Sound pathway.

16. Sensory Organs: Practise and test 3

17. Ontogenetic, topographical and anatomical classification of the brain. Gross structure of the

brain. Cerebral cortex: main sulci and fissures, lobes and gyri. The main cortical areas. Telencephalic

nuclei. White matter of hemispheres. Small brain (rhinencephalon). Limbic system components.

Lateral ventricle.

18. Diencephalon. Third ventricle. Thalamus and hypothalamus.

19. Mesencephalon. Cerebral aqueduct. Metencephalon.

20. Myelencephalon. Spinal cord. Cranial nerve nuclei in the brain stem. Fourth ventricle.

Reticular formation of the brain stem. Cranial meninges. Cerebellum and spinal cord. Subarachnoid

space. Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Arteries of the brain, circulus arteriosus of Willis. Lumbar

puncture.

21. Neuroscience - brain: Practise and test 4

22. Nerve fascicles of the cerebrum (association, projection and commissural fibres).

Extrapyramidal system. Pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts. Dysfunction of efferent pathways.

Spinocerebellar tracts. Vestibular tract.

23. Pathways of thalamus and hypothalamus. Integration of autonomic functions. Afferent

pathways of internal organs. Ascending tracts (dorsal funiculus, spinothalamic tracts). Dysfunction of

efferent pathways. The role of limbic system and its relation with afferent and efferent fibres.

24. Reticular system. Tegmental central tract. Medial longitudinal fasciculus. Tracts of

extrapyramidal system. Visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory pathways. Hemisection and

transection of the spinal cord.

25. Neuroscience - nervous pathways: Practise and test 5

26. Topographical and clinical anatomy of limbs.

27. Topographical and clinical anatomy of trunk.

28. Topographical and clinical anatomy of neck and head.

29. Topographical anatomy: Practise and test 6

30. Revision of semester II.

XI. Bibliography - basic:

1) Moore Keith L. and Dalley Arthur F. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 5th

ed., 2009.

2) Drake R. Gray’s Anatomy for Students. Ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2nd ed., 2009.

3) Tank P. W. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 13th ed., 2005.

4) Agur Anne M.R., Dalley Arthur F. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 11th ed.,

2005.

5) Weir J., Abrahams P.H. Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy, Mosby, 3rd ed., 2003.

6) Chung Kuang W. Gross Anatomy - Board Review Series, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 5th ed.,

2005.

7) Netter Frank H. Atlas of Human Anatomy. Urban & Partner, 3rd ed., 2006.

NEUROSCIENCE

1) Young Paul A. and Young Paul H. Basic Clinical Neuroanatomy. Lippincott Williams& Wilkins, 1997.

2) Brodal Per The Central Nervous System. Oxford Univ. Press, 2004.

3) Waxman S.G. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 25th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003.

4) Haines Duane E. Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications. 3rd ed., Elsevier,

2006.

5) Haines Duane E. Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structures, Sections and Systems. 7th ed., Lippincott

Williams &Wilkins, 2007.

6) Fix, J.D. Neuroanatomy - Board Review Series, 3rd ed., Culinary and Hospitality Industry Publications

Services, 2006.

XII. Bibliography - additional

Journals: 1) „Folia Morphologica”

2) „Annals of Anatomy”.

3. Netter Frank H. Atlas of Human Anatomy. Saunders, Elsevier 5th ed., 2011.

II. NEUROSCIENCE

1. Young Paul A. and Young Paul H. Basic Clinical Neuroanatomy . Lippincott Williams

& Wilkins, 2 nd ed., 2008.

Rules and regulations

I. Conditions of passing the subject

The condition of passing the subject is to receive 12 positive grades in tests (6 tests each semester).

II. Conditions of passing classes

Every student should be prepared for classes according to classes’ syllabus posted up on the notice board of Department of Normal Anatomy.

III. Conditions of passing tests

Two weeks before the beginning of each semester, deadlines of all the tests are announced in classes’ syllabus on the notice board of Department of Normal Anatomy.

Each test consists of the two parts, practical and theoretical ones.

1) The condition of taking a test is to complete classes.

2) The condition of passing a test is to receive positive grades from both parts.

3) Receiving the negative grade from the practical part of each test is equivalent to failing the test.

4) The condition of passing the practical part (the so called pins) is to give a minimum 60% of correct answers.

5) The theoretical part may be either written or oral, and needs to give a minimum 60% of correct answers.

6) Retake 1 is conducted by the assistant running classes, while retake 2 is run with head of Department.

7) During a test it is forbidden to use any kinds of cheating notes, mobile phones, and the like. Breaking this ban causes failing both parts of the test.

IV. An exam in this subject

The final exam in normal anatomy, consisting of practical and theoretical parts, takes place after the 2 nd semester (in June).

1) The condition of taking the exam is passing all the tests during classes.

2) Passing the practical part of this exam (50 “pins”) is necessary to take the theoretical part of the exam. In order to pass the practical part of the test, it should be given a minimum 60% (30 “pins”) of correct answers.

3) The theoretical part of the exam is a single-choice test (100 questions); the condition of passing it is to give a minimum 60% of correct answers.

4) The condition of passing the whole exam is to receive positive grades from both theoretical and practical parts.

5) Failing the practical part equals failing the whole exam.

6) In case of the absence on the exam, Study Regulations are applied (point VIII, 32).

7) During the exam it is forbidden to use any kinds of cheating notes, mobiles, and the like. Breaking this ban causes failing the whole exam.

8) Retake exams take place during repeat end-of-term examinations. The date of repeat exams is set by unit’s head of department and it is posted up on the notice board a month before deadline.

9) Students, who previously passed the practical part, have to take only the theoretical part of the exam during retakes. Dates of all the exams that take place before the end-of-term examinations are set by unit’s head of department.

10) Student may take the final exam before the end-of-term examinations, if an average grade of all tests is at least 4.5.

V. Conditions of making up for missed and excused classes or classes not completed due to other reasons

1) Student is obliged to take part in all classes.

2) The absence must be excused immediately after the reason of it disappears. It should be

done during the first class that student takes part in right after the absence.

3) In case of the absence due to sickness, sick-leave from a doctor is necessary; if the

absence is caused by bad fortune, a student’s duty is to provide a written excuse from the

proper Authorities.

4) The excused absence from classes means classes not completed.

5) The unexcused absence makes it impossible to complete thematic section.

6) It is acceptable to have one unexcused absence from only one class within thematic

section.

7) It is possible for a student to make up for missed class, according to the rules set up by the

assistant running classes.

8) Not making up for classes makes it impossible to take tests.

VI. Deadlines of supplying studies, reports etc. required in the Unit

Classes are run in the way that does not require preparing studies and reports.

VII. General and detailed health and safety-at-work legislation (BHP) required in the Unit

1) Classes take place in dissection rooms in Department of Normal Anatomy.

2) Only students of Collegium Medicum UMK dressed in clean protective clothes may enter dissection rooms (gowns, disposable rubber gloves, bonnet or scarf).

3) It is necessary for each student to bring for classes the following items: scalpels, anatomical tweezers, books and anatomical atlases.

4) Students must be particularly careful while preparing specimens in order not to cut themselves or others.

5) Students are obliged to behave with respect in dissection rooms.

6) It is forbidden to leave the dissection room during classes without assistant permission.

7) It is strictly forbidden to eat, smoke and use fire in dissection rooms. It is obligatory and necessary to keep this place clean.

8) In case of being cut or applying formalin into the conjunctiva, the assistant running classes must be informed immediately.

9) Taking photos or making films is strictly forbidden.

10) Students are forbidden to be in the dissection rooms of Normal Anatomy Department beyond classes and the hours of consultancy.

11) Outsiders are strictly forbidden.

Medical biology

Teachers: dr n. med. Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska

dr n. med. Anna Bajek

Contact: Anna Bajek a_bajek@wp.pl

Celestyna Mila-Kierzonkowska celestyna@o2.pl

Syllabus

X. Department of Medical Biology

XI. Head of the Department: prof. dr hab. Gerard Drewa

XII. Faculty of Medicine, first year

XIII. Programme Tutor: dr hab. Rafał Czajkowski

XIV. Lectures and tutorials

XV. Examination, 7 ECTS points

XVI. Subject Hours: lectures 20h, exercises 55, total 75h, 7 ECTS points

XVII. Aims of the Subject:

“Medical Biology” programme is realized in the first semester. The course is divided into 5 basic

parts: general and molecular genetics, human genetics and cytogenetics, biology of human parasites,

pathogenesis of parasitic diseases and diagnostic methods in parasitology.

The main aim of the „Medical Biology” course is to make the students ready to learn clinical subjects

as well as to prophylaxis, diagnostics and therapeutics.

XVIII. The course contents:

1. GENERAL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS

Genealogy of modern genetics. Chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids. Types and

functions of DNA and RNA. Replication. The genetic code. Transcription and translation. The effect of

drugs on the replication, transcription and translation. Some of diseases caused by disorders in

metabolism of purine and pyrimidine bases. The regulation of genes expression. Chromosomes

structure. Modification and recombination variability. Gene and chromosome mutations. Mutagenic

and carcinogenic factors and mechanisms of their actions. Role of oncogenes and oncogenic viruses

in carcinogenesis. Role of mutations in human evolution. Mechanisms of DNA repair. Environmental

influence on human genome. Civilization and genetic disorders. Genetic basis of oncogenesis.

Genetic predispositions for cancer disease. Behavioral genetics. Genetic elements in some addictions

and psychical disorders. Immunogenetics. The cells of immune system. Inherited immunodeficiency.

Mendelian laws. Genes cooperation. Complementation. Variable expressivity and penetrance. Sex

determination in humans and Drosophila melanogaster. Gene linkage. Crossing-over. Chromosome

mapping. The elements of genetic engineering. Cloning. Methods of PCR and RFLP. Transgenic

organisms.

2. HUMAN GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS.

Genetics of blood groups: AB0, Rh, MNSs. Codominance. Multiple allelism. Antigenes of

major histocompatibility complex. Monogenic and multifactorial inheritance modes.

Heritability. Population genetics. Mendelian population and Hardy-Weinberg law. Genetic

basis of genders evolution. Human karyotype. Methods of karyotype analysis. Rules of

karyotypes writing. A pedigree analysis. Lymphocyte culture. Examples of structural and

numeric aberrations of autosomes and heterochromosomes in humans. Causes of chromosome

aberrations.

3. BIOLOGY OF HUMAN PARASITES.

Parasitism as an ecological phenomenon. Evolution of parasite-host system. Origin of complex life

cycles of parasites. Medical significance of human parasites. Life cycles of certain protozoa,

platyhelmints, nematodes and arthropoda. Methods of parasites differentiation.

4. PATHOGENESIS OF PARASITIC DISEASES.

Parasites invasion and invasion diseases. Diagnosis and differentiation of parasitic diseases. Etiology,

pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of invasion diseases. Epidemiology and control of parasitic

diseases. Therapy of parasitic diseases. Allergenic and toxic significance of parasites. Parasites

antigens. Immunopathology of parasitic diseases.

5. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN PARASITOLOGY.

Taking and collection of material for parasitological examinations. Stool examinations. Direct

methods (preparations in physiologic saline, in iodine solution, thin smear, permanent stained

preparations). Condensation methods (flotation and sedimentation methods). Blood

examination. Thick and thin blood films. Examinations of cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, bile,

duodenal content, urine and secretion of urogenital system. Using material from puncture and

biopsy for diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Immunological methods (serological, agglutination,

immunofluorescent, precipitation and skin tests).

X. Bibliography:

1) Study Guide. To Accompany Practical Medical Parasitology and to Inquire into Biology of

Human Parasites. 4th Edition. Kasprzak W., Majewska A.C., Dział Wydawnictw Uczelnianych

AM Poznan, 2000.

2) Guide to Medical Parasitology. (New compendium for medical students). Chomicz L., Medical

University of Warsaw, 2006.

3) Essential Medical Genetics. Connor M., Ferguson-Smith M. A., Blackwell Science Ltd, latest

edition.

4) Genetics. Friedman J.M., Dill F.J., Hayden M.R., McGillivray B.C., Williams & Wilkins, latest

edition.

Rules and regulations

A. Name of didactic unit – The Chair of Medical Biology

B. Name of didactic head - dr hab. Alina Woźniak

C. Course title - Medical Biology

I. Form and criteria of the course completion – obligatory presence during all classes and tests, passing practical exam, passing written mid-term and end-term tests, passing final exam

II. Form and criteria of classes credit: an active participation during seminars and practical classes and an individual work during self-education

III. Form and criteria of passing tests: two written tests are planned during semester, after 6 th and 14th week (question are based on the seminars and lectures as well as given literature)

IV. Form of final exam: multiple-choice question test

V. Criteria for working out of missed classes: no unexcused absence is allowed, two excused absence must be executed at the teaching assistant of the student group, students who have more then two absences during seminars will have no chance to complete the course

VI. Deadlines for obligatory projects: essays being the effect of self-education are presented by students during seminars

VII. General and particular HASAWA regulations required during didactic process.

General students duties in the HASAWA area:

All students should know the safety principles during classes and obey it. Student is obliged to:

1.Work during classes according to the HASAWA principles and rules and obey the instructions and indications given by teaching assistant (washing hands before and after microscoping).

2. Take care after installation, tools and equipment as well as order in the place of work.

3. Use an own protective uniform.

4. Immediately inform persons who lead the classes about the accident and the danger to health and life.

Biophysics

Coursework of „Biophysics” includes biophysics of human and elements of medical physics. In general biophysics is an interdisciplinary branch of science which develops at the border of physics, chemistry, biology and medical sciences. It employs physical methods and techniques to study phenomena taking place in living organisms at all levels of their organization, from the micro to the macro scale, from molecules to cells and whole organisms. Medical physics means application of physical phenomena and physical methods and techniques (e.g. ultrasounds, light, laser, ionizing radiation, nuclear resonance) in medical diagnosis and therapy.

Teachers:

Lectures : dr hab. Stefan Kruszewski, prof. UMK

dr Maciej Bosek

dr Małgorzata Pyskir

dr Blanka Ziomkowska

Contact: dr Blanka Ziomkowska blanka@cm.umk.pl

Syllabus

XIX. Department of Biophysics

XX. Head of the Department: Dr hab. Bronisław Grzegorzewski, prof UMK

XXI. Faculty of Medicine, first year

XXII. Programme Tutor: dr hab. Stefan Kruszewski, prof UMK

XXIII. Lectures and tutorials

XXIV. Assessment: Examination, 7 ECTS points

XXV. Subject Hours: lectures 30h , exercises 45h, total 75h

XXVI. Aims of the Subject:

Providing with fundamental laws and research methods of physic in order to describe the

features of biological systems and phenomena occurring in them.

IX. Lecture topics:

1. Introduction. What is Biophysics. Structure of matter. Fundamental interactions.

2. Mathematical description of dependences between physical quantity. Derivative,

integral and differential equations.

3. Laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic function of state, chemical potential.

Diffusion, osmosis. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, transport. Open systems.

Electrochemical potential. Electrode potential, diffusion potential, membrane

potential. Elements of bioenergetics.

4. Biophysics of cell. Cell membrane, transmembrane transport. Resting potential. Nervous

tissue, action potential. Muscular tissue.

5. Vibration, acoustic wave. Reflection coefficient. Sound features, sound intensity level,

loudness level. Auditory system, speech organs.

6. Viscosity, fluid flow. Viscosity of blood, vessel resistance. Circulatory system.

7. Optics. Electromagnetic wave. Optical fiber. Optical systems. Microscopic technique.

Resolving power. Optical layout of the eye, defects of vision. Vision process. Illumination

units. Lasers in medicine.

8. Electricity and magnetism. Maxwell equations. Electric dipole. Cardiac pacemaker.

Electrocardiography. Einthoven lead.

9. Electric current. RC, RL and RLC circuits. Electric features of cells and tissues.

10. The influence of physical factors on organism. Mechanical, thermal, electric and magnetic

factors, ionic radiation.

11. Physical methods in medical diagnostics.

X. Tutorials

Students perform the assigned practice, which were chosen from the following list:

1. Transmembrane transport: diffusion, osmosis

2. The Lambert-Beer law

3. Fluid flow analysis

4. Viscosity

5. Electric model of cell

6. Spectral analysis of sound

7. Audiometry

8. Microwave analysis

9. Magnetic fields analysis

10. Elements of biomechanics

11. Physical basis of electrocardiography

12. Microscope

13. Optical basis of correction of vision defects

14. Absorption of gamma radiation

XI. Bibliography:

General reading:

1) Elements of medical biophysics, edited by Leszek Kubisz, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 2007

2) Laboratory Exercises in Biophysics, edited by Marek Tuliszka, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 2008

3) Physics in Biology and Medicine, P.Daviodovits, Harcourt Academic Press, 2001

4) Biophysics, R.Glaser, Springer-Verlag 2005

Supplementary reading:

1) Physics of the Body, Cameron John R., Skofronick James G., and Grant Roderick M., Medical Physics Publishing, Medisson, Wisconsin 1992

2) College Physics, Willson Jerry D., Buffa Anthony J., Prentice Hall, 4th Edition, 2000

3) An Introduction to Biophysics with Medical Orientation, L.Berkes, et al., G.Ronto, I. Trajan (Eds.), Akademiai Kiado 1994

4) Physics for medicine & biology, R.K. Hobbie, Springer Verlag, 1997

5) Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, H. Brow, et al., IOP Publishing

Rules and regulations

Information about the course

“Biophysics” program is realized in the first semester of first year. The coursework of Biophysics includes 30 hours of lectures and 45 hours of laboratory exercises. Laboratory exercises are realized in Student Laboratory in Biophysics Department. The labs and lectures are prepared in a week cycle. Students have to pass biophysical laboratory exercises i.e. perform nine practical laboratory exercises and pass three test (after performing each three practice exercises). Biophysics is ended with the Final Exam in writing form. Exam covers the topics of lectures and exercises.

Obligatory textbook:1. Elements of medical biophysics, edited by Leszek Kubisz, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 2007

2. Laboratory Exercises in Biophysics, edited by Marek Tuliszka, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 2008

3. Physics in Biology and Medicine, P.Daviodovits, Harcourt Academic Press, 2001

4. Biophysics, R.Glaser, Springer-Verlag 2005

Additional textbooks:1. Physics of the Body, Cameron John R., Skofronick James G., and Grant Roderick M., Medical Physics Publishing, Medisson, Wisconsin 1992

2. College Physics, Willson Jerry D., Buffa Anthony J., Prentice Hall, 4th Edition, 2000

3. An Introduction to Biophysics with Medical Orientation, L.Berkes, et al., G.Ronto, I. Trajan (Eds.), Akademiai Kiado 1994

4. Physics for medicine & biology, R.K. Hobbie, Springer Verlag, 1997

5. Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, H. Brow, et al., IOP Publishing

REGULATIONS OF STUDENTS LABORATORY IN THE BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

I. The aims of the laboratory.

The aim of the biophysics laboratory is to introduce students to the commonly encountered measuring apparatus, development of a scientific understanding of biological phenomena, logical observations and facts recollection as well as the development of a critical view on the outcomes of measurements.

Students realize above aims by individually conducting experiments.

II. The course of classes in the laboratory.

1. The experiments in the laboratory are performed according to the course of study.

2. Classes are forerun with an introduction, during which regulations, experiment assignment, methods of data collection and processing are discussed. Safety training is carried out.

3. Experiments curriculum, theoretical knowledge requirements and literature suggestions are on the board of announcements in the department of biophysics.

4. A student is expected to realize 9 experiments, take a test and come up with measurement results and write lab report.

5. Every experiment is realized by two students simultaneously.

6. To every experiment a student has to prepare theoretical knowledge. Preparation will be tested by the tutor during the experiment.

Attention! In case of unfamiliarity with the material needed for safe and secure performance of the given experiment, the tutor has the right to abort the undertaken experiment.

7. The student must complete and pass each exercise performed. The complete passing of an experiment is determined by the tutor on the bases of tests, work during class and compiled results.In the case of wrong experiment or errors in report, tutor inform about the need of repeat of experiment or its part or correction of lab report. Every correction has to be realized in the laboratory. It is not allowed to take experimental cards to home!

8. A complete experiment in the lab covers:Entrance to the lab: a student is obliged to show his tutor a written compilation of the theoretical part and to pick up his experimental card;Carrying out the experiment i.e. - a thorough familiarization with the instructions to the exercise undertaken.- turning on the measuring devices, taking measurements and filling out a experimental card. Results should be written in either pen or fountain pen (not in pencil!)Preparing the elaboration of the results on an experimental card.Finishing of work in the laboratory includes:

- Tidying up of workplace.

- Returning filled experimental card together with written compillation of the theory of performed exercice.

If student doesn’t manage to prepare the lab report during classes, he should report it and return it unfinished. It can be finished in the appointed week. Student can also finish them during next classes in the laboratory.

9. Student can only pass and conduct experiments according to his group’s schedule.

10. The longest acceptable late-coming is 15 minutes. After this time, student cannot participate in classes.

11. Experiment conducted not individually is not treated as completed.

12. All the absences must be excused at the group’s tutor. Tutor sets a new date for conducting particular experiment.

13. Conditions of getting pass the laboratory work are the following: passing all the tests, carrying out indicated experiments and elaborating their results.

III. Order regulations.

1. All operations during setting the devices should be conducted individually. Turning on electricity sources without having it controlled by the tutor is not allowed.

2. While carrying out experiments all safety rules must be obeyed permanently.

3. Students takes material responsibility for all the damages caused in the laboratory from his own fault.

4. The workplace, after carrying out the experiments, should be left in its initial state.

5. Eating in the laboratory is forbidden.

6. Using mobile phones in the laboratory is forbidden.

“Biophysics” ends with a written exam. Be admitted to the exam is necessary to pass the Laboratory. Those who do not pass Laboratory Excercises before Exam, are not admitted to exam and will receive an unsatisfactory grade

Final Exam

1. The Final Exam is performed in written form - 30 open questions. Questions cover topics of lectures and exercises.

2. Students who failed the Final Exam are obliged to retake the test.

3. An excuse for absence should be submitted to the examiner the next day, or in justified circumstances, within three days after the Final Exam.

4. The Final Exam will be assessed according to given marks:

(Fail) – less than 55%

(3) – 55%

(3,5) – 63 %

(4 ) – 70%

(4,5) – 80 %

(5) – 90%

General chemistry

General chemistry class program is designed to advance knowledge on chemical processes that occur in the world and to understand the meaning of chemistry for medical and biological sciences in the scope of the researches during medical studies.

Teachers:

dr Joanna Kitkowska

dr Żaneta Tabaczyńska

mgr Aleksandra Kaczmarska-Wódzka

Contact: dr Joanna Kitkowska j.kitkowska@cm.umk.pl, dr Żaneta Tabaczyńska ztabaczynska@wp.pl,

mgr Aleksandra Kaczmarska-Wódzka akar@cm.umk.pl

Syllabus

XXVII. Chair and Department of General Chemistry

XXVIII. Head of the Department: Dr hab. Marcin Dramiński

XXIX. Faculty of Medicine, first year

XXX. Programme Tutor: prof. dr hab. Marcin Dramiński

XXXI. Lectures and tutorials

XXXII. Assessment: examination, 7 ECTS points

XXXIII. Subject Hours: lectures 20h, tutorials 40h, total 60 h

XXXIV. Aims of the Subject:

1. to broaden the knowledge about chemical processes taking

place in the surrounding world;

2. to understand the role of chemistry in biological and medical

sciences to the extent necessary to continue medical studies

3. to acquire knowledge concerning the structure and properties of

particular groups of chemical compounds in order to be able to describe and

explain chemical transformations of the compounds in biological systems. 

IX. Lectures topics:

1. General chemistry:

2. Nucleus and its stability, natural and artificial radio-activity, isotopes in

science and medicine. Structure of electronic cloud in atoms; periodic table .

Chemical bonds, valence quantum theory . Chemical kinetic and catalysis.

Solutions, water as universal solvent, reaction different anorganic substances in

water solutions, pH, electrolytes strong and weak. Buffers – composition and

propriety, examples of buffers in organism. Colloids.

3. Organic chemistry: organic compounds with one function (alcohols, phenols,

ethers) – chemical propriety, use in medicine. Organic compounds with sulfur

atom. Compounds with carbonyl group: carboxylic acid and same of its

derivatives. Lipids, phospholipids, choline, cellular membrane, steroids,

prostaglandin. Carbon acid and its derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds, nucleic

acids, RNA species – features of building and rule in biological process.

Carbohydrate and proteins – structure, division, characteristic, biosynthesis.

Elements of genetic engineering.

X. Tutorials topics

1. Organization of laboratory. Safety prescriptions. First help in sudden accident.

Documentations of work. Plan of work and educations in semester. Principle of

passing laboratory. Basic reactions and simple laboratory operation.

2. Qualitative analysis of constitutional liquid (elements occurrence in

constitutional liquid). Macro- and microelements. Detection of same cations and

anions.

3. Quantitative analysis (acid-base, redox and complexometric titrations).

4. Dialysis of Kongo red .

5. Kinetics. Temperature influence on speed reaction of oxidizing tartrate acid by

hydrogen peroxide in presence of cobalt (II) as a catalyst. Chromatography.

6. Colorimetry and adsorptions. Methylene blue adsoption on activated carbon.

7. Elemental analysis of organic compounds.

8. Chemical property chosen class of organic compounds – reactions of

individual functional groups.

9. Carbohydrate.Classification, nomenclature, main reactions, reductive and

nonreductive shugars. Stereochemistry, absolute configuration of chiral atoms

(CIP system). Di- and oligosaccharides.

10. Aminoacids. Classification, properties, condensation – polyamides and lactams

(b-lactam antibiotics – penicilins, cephalosporins). Stereochemistry aminoacids

and peptides, R and S determination .

11. Proteins, properties, classification, peptide bond isomerization. Biologicaly

important peptides- glutathione, oxytocine, growth hormone.

12. Purine and pyrimidine bases and its tautomers.

13. Main structure of RNA and DNA. 

XI Range of obligatory issues to study individually by students:

The reminder of chemistry messages from subjects of high school. Capture of straight

lines of computational tasks of stoichiometric chemistry. 

XII Bibliography:

primary:

1) Medical Library – www.cm.umk.pl

2) http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cmumkbyd/search.action

3) H. Meislich – Organic Chemistry, 1999

4) D. Bloch – Organic Chemistry Demystified, 2006

5) S.L. Hoenig – Basic Training in Chemistry, 2001

6) L.D. Williams – Chemistry Demystified, 2003

7) Pradyot Patnaik – Dean’s Analytical Chemistry Handbook, 2004

8) R.K. Murray, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes – Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 2003

9) J.T. Moore, R. Langley – Chemistry for the Utterly Confused, 2007

10) J.L. Rosenberg, L.M. Epstein – Schaum’s Outline of College Chemistry, 1996

 

XIII Detailed list of practical skills and confirmation of their acquisition:

 

Record of acquired practical skills in general chemistry

 

Student’s name and surname:

Year of study, group:

Academic year:

     

Practical skill Date of crediting

Confirmation by designated person

Comments

       

 

 

 

.

 

 

Practical Skills in General Chemistry for Students of Medicine An outline for 2010/2011 Academic Year

 

 

1.      Health and safety precautions. Detailed range of laboratory activities. Revision of basic

chemical reactions.

 

2.      TEST 1

Characteristic reactions of cations and anions. Types of chemical bonds.

Composition of complex compounds. Redox reactions. Solubility products.

Electrolytes solutions (weak, strong). Degree of dissociation, dissociation constant.

Ostwald’s dilution law. Dissociation and hydrolysis reactions. Acid-base theory.

Buffer solutions. Strong/weak acids. Strength in terms of pH. Volumetric methods of

a substance determination. Indicators.

 

3.      Reactions of the cations of I – V groups ( Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+,

Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+). Reactions of the chosen anions (Cl-,

CH3COO-, CO32-, C2O4

2-, PO43-, S2O3

2-, NO3-, SO4

2-) and selected salts analysis.

4.      Acidimetry and alkalimetry. Quantitative analysis of prepared solutions. Arithmetic

operations.

5.      Preparation of buffer solutions – determining buffer capacity.

 

6.      TEST 2

Colloids. Osmotic pressure of solutions. Dialysis. Donnan equilibrium. Nernst

division law. Chromatography. Kinetics. Chemical equilibrium.

 

7.      Kinetics – Temperature influence on the rate of oxidizing tartrate by hydrogen peroxide

in the presence of cobalt (II) ions as a catalyst reaction. Influence of various parameters on

the rate of a reaction. Influence of factors on the equilibrium.

8.      Dialysis of contaminated Congo red solution.

 

9.      TEST 3

Reactions of monofunctional compounds. Types of reactions – mechanism of free

radical- induced hemolysis, heterolytic mechanism, substitution, addition,

elimination. Isomerism of organic compounds.

 

10.  Elemental analysis of organic compounds. Chemical properties of monofunctional

organic compounds.

 

11.  TEST 4

Carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids, purine and pyrimidine bases, RNA and

DNA.

 

12.  Qualitative analysis of lipids. Determination of acid value .

13.  Chemical properties of carbohydrates.

14.  Chemical properties of amino acids and proteins.

Thin-layer chromatography.

 

15.  Crediting laboratory practice.

PRACTICAL SKILLS IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICINE AN OUTLINE

FOR 2010/2011 ACADEMIC YEAR – CREDITING LABORATORY PRACTICE

  

In order to get your final grade you must complete all the practice tasks as well as tests.

 

You will take four tests this semester.

Test 1 – 20 points

Test 2 – 20 points

Test 3 – 20 points

Test 4 – 20 points

 

 

For your practicum classes you can get 1 point extra, which gives 9 points of the total - if

you complete your task correctly.

 

YOU CAN SCORE 20 POINTS EACH WHICH GIVES 80 POINTS TOTAL. TO PASS THE COURSE

YOU MUST OBTAIN THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF 48 POINTS, WHICH IS 60% OF THE TOTAL.

  IN CASE YOU DON’T GET THE REQUIRED RESULT, YOU ARE GIVEN TWO MORE CHANCES TO

RETAKE THE TESTS YOU HAVE FAILED.

 

 

 

Polish for students of the Medical Program in English

Teachers: mgr Elżbieta Buttler

Contact:

Syllabus

I. Chair of Applied Linguistics

II. dr hab. Zenon Grabarczyk, prof. UMK

III. Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, year II

IV. Course coordinator: dr hab. Zenon Grabarczyk, prof. UMK

V. Form of classes: tutorials

VI. Form of crediting: Credit only, 2 ECTS points

VII. Number of hours: tutorials (80)

VIII. Aim of the classes:

Preparing a students for reading and understanding medcical literature in Polish, preparing a student

for using a scientific language (short form on a given topic in writing and speaing).

IX. Topics:

‘Health and Safety Training’ during the classes.

Topics covered by the basic book (infectious diseases, food poisoning, AIDS, malignants, proteins,

atherosclerosis, medicine as science, smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, stress, obesity, medications).

X. Self-study topics:

medical articles from the daily newspapers and magazines as well medical literature.

XI. Booklist:

basic:

- ”Chcę studiować medycynę”, Joanna Lachowicz i Joanna Podsiadły, Wydawnictwo WING Łódź 1998,

- Polish grammar book, according to students’ choice,podręczna gramatyka języka polskiego, wg.

wyboru studenta.

supplementary:

- chosen articles from daily newspapers and magazines and medical peridicals, accoridng to students’

choice.

XII. Detailed list of required practical skills and confirmation of completing:

Student should be able to understand and communicate with patients. Also, he must be able to use

his writing skills without spelling or grammar mistakes as well as use professionla medical literature.

History of philosophy with elements of philosophy of medicine

Teachers:

1. dr hab. Janusz Sytnik-Czetwertyński

Contact: protofizyka@wp.pl

Syllabus

I. School of Social Medicine

II. Head of unit: Dr Jolanta Domaniewska

III. Department of Medical Science, stream: medical, year I

IV. Responsible for the program: Dr Waldemar Kwiatkowski

V. Type of course: lectures

VI. Criteria for passing: grade, 1 ECTS point

VII. Purpose of the course:

To provide elementary knowledge of philosophy, with special emphasis on the

philosophy of medicine, to familiarize students with the distinctive character of

philosophical thinking as well as central philosophical concepts,

To present the history of philosophy and the methodology of philosophic enquiry,

To develop elementary skills in conducting philosophical analysis of texts,

To define the philosophical sources (with particular attention to anthropological

premises) of medical ethics,

To indicate the place of the philosophy of medicine in the system of philosophical

thought.

IX. Lecture topics:

Sources of philosophical thought: the Era of the Seven Sages and the first ethical

systems. The emergence of scientific solutions in philosophical debate. Materialist and

idealist conceptions,

Sources for the philosophy of man, Socratic and Sophistic conceptions,

The mind-body problem and the duality of human nature, anthropological conceptions

of the problem of the body as subject to social restrictions,

Ethical problems, the emergence of moral systems and their sources. The norm and

ethical judgement, the influence of Enlightenment ethics on the formation of

deontological codes.

Ethical problems. The nature of specific conceptions and their solutions.

The dilemmas of modern philosophy of medicine,

Philosophy and medicine. Summary of issues addressed during the course.

X. Course material to be assimilated by the student independently:

Students are to expand their elementary knowledge of philosophy with respect to the

subject area of the course.

XI. Reading material:

Basic texts:

Russell B., A History of Western Philosophy and Its Connection with

Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present

Day. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972

Illich I. Limits to Medicine: Medical Nemesis: the Expropriation of Health:

with a new introduction by the author. London: Boyars, 1995.

Additional:

Blackburn S. Think: a Compelling Introduction to Philosophy. Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 2001.

Selby-Bigge LA, Nidditch PH, Hume D. Enquiries Concerning the

Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, 3rd

edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.

Simpson LC. The Unfinished Project: Towards a Postmetaphysical

Humanism, 3rd edn. London: Routledge, 2001.

Note: all books are available online.

XII. Practical skills and their verification:

The ability to formulate and to resolve philosophical and ethical problems in a basic

measure.

The passing of the course is conditional on the timely submission of a written paper

and its oral defence.

Rules and regulations

I. Teaching unit: School of Social MedicineII. Head of teaching staff: dr Waldemar Kwiatkowski

III. Subject: History of philosophy with elements of the philosophy of medicine

Year of study: I

I. Criteria for passing the course.

In order to pass students will have to hand in – on time – a problem paper to be defended orally.

II. Criteria for passing tutorials

III. Criteria for passing the colloquium

IV. Exam criteria

As indicated above.

V. Making up for justified absences or classes not passed for other reasons

Colloquium on the subject matter treated during the course.

VI. Deadlines for papers, reports or other types of written documents required by the unit.

VII. General and detailed safety regulations applicable during teaching at the unit.

General safety regulations apply during courses.

Physical education

Teachers: dr Tomasz Zegarski

Contact:

Syllabus

XXXV. CM Centre of Physical Education and Sport

XXXVI. Head of the Centre: Dr n. med. Andrzej Drygas

XXXVII. Faculty of Medicine, first year

XXXVIII. Programme Tutor: Dr n. med. Andrzej Drygas

XXXIX. Exercises

XL. Assessment: credit with grade, 2 ECTS points

XLI. Subject Hours: exercises 60h

XLII. Aims of the Subject:

Peculiar purposes:

1. harmonious development of the bone, muscle, circulation, breathing and

nervous systems,

2. development of the psyche with keeping appropriate correlation between the

physical, intellectual and emotional development,

3. shaping the esthetic of the movement.

Peculiar purposes:

1. harmonious development of the bone, muscle, circulation, breathing and

nervous systems,

2. development of the psyche with keeping appropriate correlation between the

physical, intellectual and emotional development,

3. shaping the esthetic of the movement.

General educational purposes:

1. equipping students with an essential store of knowledge about the physical culture

in order of skilful use of such factors as water, air, the light, the temperature and the

preparation for living in the urbanized and industrial environment.

2. Educating content: the subject matter of classes will be adapted for students level of

the general and special physical fitness .

Main objectives:

1. training motor abilities in basic sports disciplines / elements of the technique and tactics of the volleyball, the

basketball, the light athletics and the gymnastic /,

2. developing the general and special fitness,3. developing oxygen and anaerobic alternatives on the specialist equipment / bicycles,

4. rowing ergometers, cycloergometers, and equipment for the weight training /.

5. the assessment and the self-assessment of the level of the fitness and physical

activity / tests and questionnaire forms /,

IX. List of the abilities: result from classes program content.

X. Methods of education: practical exercises.

XI. Conditions of credit of exercises: according to credit rules / in enclosing /.

XII.Self-education: the physical activity resulting from developed habits, needs and temporal

possibilities of students.

Rules and regulations

Program of teaching the physical education the Medical Department of the Academy for students Medical in Bydgoszcz in the academic year 2009/2010.

1. The Academy unit responsible for the realization of the school curriculum: Centre for physical education and sport. (Studium Wychowania fizycznego i Sportu)

2. The person responsible for the realization of the school curriculum: Dr. Andrzej Drygas.

3. Number of teaching hours / exercises /: 60 - the first year of studies.4. Form of the credit: credit with mark, 2 ECTS points

Peculiar purposes:

- harmonious development of the bone, muscle, circulation, breathing and nervous systems,

-development of the psyche with keeping appropriate correlation between the physical,

intellectual and emotional development,

-shaping the esthetic of the movement.

General educational purposes:

- equipping students with an essential store of knowledge about the physical culture in order of skilful use of such factors as water, air, the light, the temperature and the preparation for living in the urbanized and industrial environment.

5. 5. Educating content: the subject matter of classes will be adapted for students level of the general and special physical fitness .

Main objectives:

- training motor abilities in basic sports disciplines / elements of the technique and tactics of the volleyball, the basketball, the light athletics and the gymnastic /,

- developing the general and special fitness,

- developing oxygen and anaerobic alternatives on the specialist equipment / bicycles,

rowing ergometers, cycloergometers, and equipment for the weight training /.

- the assessment and the self-assessment of the level of the fitness and physical activity / tests and questionnaire forms /,

6. List of the abilities: result from classes program content.

7. Methods of education: practical exercises.

8. Conditions of credit of exercises: according to credit rules / in enclosing /.

9. Self-education: the physical activity resulting from developed habits, needs and temporal possibilities of students.

Teaching rules of credit of the physical education exercises for Collegium Medicum students in Bydgoszcz

1. Systematic attending practical exercises and making trials of the general physical fitness for teaching needs are a base of credit of compulsory classes in the physical education.

2. 2. The student is being exempted from the duty of the participation in classes of the physical education and getting credit from this object on the basis of ruling of the medical board appointed by the Vice-chancellor / Complex of Specialist Clinics of the University Collegium Medicum Hospital in Bydgoszcz /. Students with partial exemptions are obliged, according to the classification to take classes for groups of the motor rehabilitation. One should provide permanent exemption in three weeks from beginning of semester, and short-term exemption on the first classes after getting the ability for the classes. One should make up for all absences within two weeks on the different day than compulsory physical education classes. The student can make up for only one absence on one day.

3. 3. Members of the sports section AZS attending trainings at least once a week and taking part in competition according to the calendar of events receive the credit or the A mark / according to the teaching program on individual subject /.

4. 4. The student is obliged to obey rules of studies, rules of the object which classes in the physical education and respects of the equipment take place in and of sports devices.

5. 5. Marks / on subjects requiring mark for credit /: Bardzo dobry (A) receives a student who:

- is showing the great activeness in classes what is confirmed in the considerable involvement of himself into processes teaching and improving of technical abilities of trained sports disciplines,

dobry (B) receives a student who:

- is showing the activeness in classes what is confirmed in the considerable involvement of himself into processes teaching and improving of technical abilities of trained sports disciplines,

dostateczny (C ) receives a student who:

- is attending in classes and is participating in the process teaching and improving technical abilities of trained sports disciplines,

dobry plus ( B+) and dostateczny plus ( C+) receive a student, whose

- activeness in the teaching process and improving of technical abilities of trained sports disciplines are between higher and lower marks.

6. In the case of three unjustified absences on classes of the physical education, manager of the Study of the physical education and sport

is acting to the Dean with the proposal for crossing students off from the students list of the particular year.

MEDICAL FIRST AID WITH ELEMENTS OF NURSING

XLIII. Chair of Emergency and Disaster Medicine

XLIV. Head of the Department: Prof. dr hab. Juliusz Jakubaszko

XLV. Faculty of Medicine, first year

XLVI. Programme Tutor: Prof. dr hab. Juliusz Jakubaszko

XLVII.Tutorials

XLVIII. Assessment: credit with grade, 2 ECTS points

XLIX. Subject Hours: tutorials: 30h

L. Aims of the Subject:

1. to teach basic concepts of basic life support (BLS) and develop skills related to BLS

2. to instruct students on emergency cases

3. to build up student’s responsibility in performing BLS procedures

IX. Tutorials

1. Legal aspects of basic and advanced life support

2. Ethical problems in cardiopulmonary resuscitation

3. Cardiac arrest:

-pathophysiology with reference to central nervous system, circulatory system and respiratory system

-etiology of cardiac arrest in adults

-etiology of cardiac arrest in children

4. International standards of basic life support ,i. e. ERC, AHA

5. BLS - standards and sequences

6. BLS in adults

7. BLS in children

8. Airways management and ventilation procedures without equipment

9. Airways management and ventilation procedures - with equipment

10. Basic knowledge of chest compression in cardiopulmonary resuscitation

11. Equipment for cardiopulmonary resuscitation – demonstration

12. Standard proceedings in unconscious patient

13. Recovery position

14. First aid in wounds

15. External bleeding – first aid

16. Signs of internal bleeding and first aid

17. Shock - kinds and symptoms

18. First aid in head injury

19. First aid in spinal injury

20. First aid in chest injury

21. First aid in abdomen injury

22. First aid in multiorgan injury

23. First aid in fractures

24. First aid in any environmental emergencies: hypothermia, frosts, hyperthermia,

Burns, direct and alternating current paralysis, lighting paralysis

25. First aid in poisoning

26. Background of nursing care

27. Preparation arrangements for patient’s transport

28. Background of mass casualty procedures

29. Chain of survival

30. Emergency Medical System - communication

X Bibliography:

1) BLS standards-European Resuscitation Council

2) Pediatric Emergency Medicine - Companion handbook –American College of Emergency Physicians-Gary R. Strange, William R. Ahrens, Robert W.Schafermeyer, William C.Toepper.

3) Emergency Medicine –Scott H. Plantz, Jonathan N.Adler.

Histology and cytophysiology

The coursework of Histology and Cytophysiology includes 40 hours of lectures and 80 hours

of labs conducted during two semesters. It is ended with the Final Exam in second semester.

Final Exam consist of practical recognizing of slides and final test. Practical recognizing of

slides will be conducted during the last labs (the presence is obligatory). The final test will be

timed in the schedule of session. The labs and lectures are prepared in a week cycle.

Teachers:

prof. dr hab. Alina Grzanka

dr Agnieszka Żuryń

dr Magdalena Izdebska

mgr Maciej Gagat

Contact: kizhistol@cm.umk.pl

Syllabus

I. Department of Histology and Embryology

II. Head of the unit: Assoc. Prof. Alina Grzanka, Ph.D.

III. Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, 1st

year, 2nd

semester (summer)

IV. Course coordinator: Assoc. Prof. Alina Grzanka, Ph.D.

V. Form of classes: lectures, tutorials

VI. Form of crediting: Pass / Fail

VII. Number of hours: 20 (lectures), 40 (tutorials)

VIII. Aim of the course:

Lectures

The aim is to present the information on structure and function of cells and tissues. The lectures also provide students with a brief introduction into

the molecular biology of the cell.

Tutorials

continuation of some problems introduced in lectures

acquaintance with scientific research conducted at the Department of Histology and Embryology

work with the cytological and histological preparations

estimation of cellular structures at the electron microscopy level

IX. Topics of lectures / tutorials:

Lectures:

1. Introduction to cytology and histology.

2. Cell membrane – structure and functions. Transport across cell membranes.

3. Adhesion molecules (integrins, cadherins, selectins).

4. Structure, basic functions and chemical compositions of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.

5. The cell nucleus. Its structure and function.

6. Non-membrane-bounded organelle: centrosome, cytoskeleton.

7. Cell cycle.

8. Cell differentiation and senescence.

9. Apoptosis pathways. Another types of cell death.

10. Epithelial tissue – characteristics, classification, functions and origin. Intercellular connection occurring in epithelial tissue.

11. Classification of connective tissues. Connective tissue proper.

12. Supporting connective tissue (cartilage and bone).

13. Blood and lymph.

14. Muscular tissue – characteristics and classification.

15. Nervous and glia tissue – structure, functions, origin.

Tutorials:

1. Practical acquaintance with methods and techniques used in cytology, histology

and cytophysiology.

2. Cell membrane.

3. Cellular receptors.

4. Proteosomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes.

5. Nucleolus.

6. Cytoskeleton.

7. Cell cycle.

8. Cell growth, differentiation and senescence.

9. Apoptosis.

10. Epithelial tissue.

11. Connective tissue proper.

12. Supporting connective tissue.

13. Blood and lymph.

14. Muscular tissue.

15. Nervous and glia tissue.

X. Self-study topics:

-----------

XI. Booklist:

Basic:

Junqueira LC, Carneiro J. Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill  2005; Eleventh Edition.

Mescher AL. Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill, 2009; Twelve Edition.

Additional:

Ross MH, Kaye GI, Pawlina W. Histology. A text and atlas with cell and molecular biology. Williams &Wilkins 2003; Fourth Edition.

Sobotta/Hammersen. Histology, A Colour Atlas of Cytology, Histology and Microscopic Anatomy. Urban & Schwarzenberg 1996.

XII. Detailed list of required practical skills and confirmation of completing:

Name:

Year of study:

Group:

Academic year:

Date Confirmation of completing Notes

Recognizing of normal human organs on slides stained with

different histological techniques.

Recognizing of ultrastructural elements of different cell

types on electronograms.

Rules and regulations

Obligatory textbook:

Junqueira LC, Carneiro J. Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill  2005; Eleventh

Edition.

Mescher AL. Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill, 2009; Twelve

Edition.

Additional textbooks:

Ross MH, Kaye GI, Pawlina W. Histology. A text and atlas with cell and molecular biology.

Williams &Wilkins 2003; Fourth Edition.

Sobotta/Hammersen. Histology, A Colour Atlas of Cytology, Histology and Microscopic

Anatomy. Urban & Schwarzenberg 1996.

Requirements

1. Students are obliged to prepare the part of material for each lab from the last topic.

2. The labs are obligatory. In the case of the illness a sick leave has to be delivered.

Other absences due to important reason must be documented.

3. Two unjustified and undocumented absences make it impossible to pass the semester

and take the Final test.

4. Each Student is obliged to come for the labs on time. Delayed Students can enter the

class only if the time of delaying does not exceed 15 minutes from the moment a lab has been

started.

5. In the case of absence or delay (more than 15 minutes) the Student is obliged to pass

the material which was covered during the labs within 2 weeks.

6. In the case of fail the entrance test the Student is obligated retake the test within 2

weeks.

7. If Student does not pass the failed material during fixed time, he or she is obligated to

retake the test within the last 2 weeks of each semester.

8. Students are obliged to bring pencils, color pencils and worksheets.

9. Students are obligated to complete worksheets during each lab.

10. Students are obligated to clean up after themselves.

11. Any accidents, injuries and other emergencies must be immediately reported to the

practice leader.

12. Eating, drinking, and using mobile phones during the labs are prohibited.  

Point system

1. Each lab (except the first labs in the first semester and second semester) will be

entered with 10-questioned test. For each correct answer Student will receive two points. Only

students who will gain at least 6 points pass the test.

2. The labs in the first semester will be passed if all entrance tests and worksheets are

passed.

3. Practical recognizing of slides will be concerned with recognizing of histological

preparations and electronograms.

4. Students can take the Final Exam on condition that they pass labs and the practical.

5. Students are eligible to be exempt from Final Exam if all entrance tests and

worksheets are passed the first time (only if they hold a mark above 70% form each entrance

test).

Final Exam

5. The Final Exam consists of multiple choice questions (only one answer correct).

6. Students who failed the Final Exam are obliged to retake the test.

7. The final scores of the Final Exam are not changeable.

8. The scores of the failed Final Exam and the retake will be confirmed by a signature in

the Student Book as two separated scores but not as the mean of these two.

9. An excuse for absence should be submitted to the examiner the next day, or in

justified circumstances, within three days after the Final Exam.

10. The Final Exam will be assessed according to given marks:

(Fail) – less than 60%

(3) – 60%

(3,5) – 65 %

(4) – 70%

(4,5) – 80 %

(5) – 90%

Library orientation

Lectures and exercises help to know basics of information in medicine and science; variety of bibliographic, full-text and EBM databases (commercial and open access)

and answer the question: how and where find good medical e-articles and e-books?

Teachers: mgr Monika Kubiak

Contact: monikak@cm.umk.pl

Syllabus

LI. Medical Library of Collegium Medicum

LII. Head of the Department: dr Krzysztof Nierzwicki

LIII. Faculty of Medicine, first year

LIV. Programme Tutor: mgr Monika Kubiak

LV. Lectures and tutorials

LVI. Assessment: credit only, 1 ECTS point

LVII. Subject Hours: lectures 2h, tutorials 2h, total 4 h

LVIII. Aims of the Subject: introduction with the activity of the Medical Library of

Collegium Medicum UMK and scientific information services, usefulness of on-

line databases, librarian catalogues and internet as the source of biomedical

information

LIX. Lecture topics

1. How to became a user of Medical Library?; Topic of exercises: Searching articles and e-books

X. Self-study topics: Searching articles and ebooks

XI. Bibliography:

1) Dąbrowiecki S., Janowicz E., Malukiewicz-Wiśniewska G.: Jak wyszukiwać I krytycznie oceniać naukowe publikacje medyczne. Wyd.

Uczelniane AMB. Bydgoszcz 1996 (basic); R. Holst: State of the art of expert searching: results of a Medical Library Association

survey. Journal of the Medical Library Association; Jan2005, Vol. 93 Issue 1, p45-52, 8p; Granfield, Diane; Robertson, Mark. Preference

for Reference: New Options and Choices for Academic Library Users. Reference & User Services Quarterly, Fall2008, Vol. 48 Issue 1,

p. 44-53, p.10 (additional)

XII. Detailed list of required practical skills: gaining a competence of easily using of librarian possibilities (catalogues, e-journals, e-books, Reading Room,

Scientific Information Room, Reprographic Services, Interlibrary Loan, how to become a user?, how to lend a book?, how to search a journal title?,

how to search articles by key words, how to copy articles?)

Rules and regulations