The English Colonies

in United States History: Beginnings to 1877

Chapter 3: pp.: 68-107

SWBATs: Students will be able to:

Locate 13 colonies and other major land features of Eastern Coast of North America

Describe the distinctive economy of each colonial region (New England, Middle, and South)

Describe results of the French and Indian War Describe how taxation is related to representation in government using colonial

history

Key Terms and Vocabulary: (need to know these for the test)

Section 1: The Southern Colonies

Jamestown indentured servants Bacon’s Rebellion

Toleration Act of 1649 cash crops slave codes

Section 2: The New England Colonies

Puritans Pilgrims immigrants

Mayflower Compact Squanto

Section 3: The Middle Colonies

Quakers William Penn staple crops

Section 4: Life in the English Colonies

English Bill of Rights triangular trade Middle Passage

Great Awakening/Enlightenment The French and Indian War

Metacomet/Wampanoag George Washington Pontiac

Section 1: The Southern Colonies: pages 73-77

prior knowledge - Define the term colony:

1) English merchants (traders of goods) asked the English king for permission to settle in the region of __________________. (p. 72)

What was the name of the settlement?

In what year was it settled?

What difficulties did these early settlers face?

2) Hardships continued for these early English colonists. What cash crop brought needed wealth ($$) to Jamestown? (p. 73)

3) Virginia: Describe Virginia’s system of labor using the term indentured servants: (p. 74)

4) Virginia: Slavery: Explain the expansion of Slavery in the Colonies: (p. 74)

5) Bacons’ Rebellion: 1676: Describe the reasons for Bacon’s rebellion (uprising) against British / Colonial officials in Virginia: (p. 74)

6) Many colonists came to settle in the new world to express religious freedom. What law was passed to reduce tensions between different religious groups in Maryland? (p. 75)

7) List the Southern Colonies: (p. 76)

8) Economies of Southern Colonies: Describe the Southern Economy

Define: cash crop:

examples:

The growth of cash crops required a large work force. The main source of Labor was __________.

In order to control the trade and behavior of slaves ________________ were passed. These laws limited the personal freedom of slaves, and often did not allow slave owners to free their slaves.

Section 2: The New England Colonies: pages 78 - 84

1) Pilgrims and Puritans: Who were the Puritans? Who were the Pilgrims? (p. 78)

2) The Mayflower and the Mayflower Compact: Describe its creation: (p. 79)

Interesting fact: the pilgrims meant to land in Virginia, but drifted off course and ended up in Massachusetts. They named their settlement Plymouth - 1620

3) The Pilgrims and Native Americans: Describe the Pilgrims initial experience upon settling un Massachusetts. (p. 79)

4) As the Puritans gained wealth and power they developed a system of government based on their religious principles and beliefs. Who was Anne Hutchinson? Explain her importance and fate: (p. 82)

5) The power, population, and economy of the Northern Colonies (New England) grew through the 1600’s. Poor, rocky soil made farming difficult (no cash crops). Describe the New England Economy: (p 83)

6) Which colonies make up the region of New England: (refer to your Map)

7) The Salem Witch Trials: Movie and Notes

Issues discussed: colonial courts, fair trial, spectral evidence, hysteria

An early map of the New England Colonies:

Section 3: The Middle Colonies: pp. 85 – 87

1) 1613 - The Dutch settled the area of New York and New Jersey. They practiced religious tolerance so many religious groups came to settle in these areas. The British captured the colony for themselves. The once Dutch colony of New Amsterdam would later be called: (pp. 85-86)

2) Another protestant group calling themselves the Quakers settled in New Jersey. What did they believe: (p. 86)

3) How did the Quakers come to settle in the region later known as Pennsylvania? (p. 86)

4) Characterize the economy of the Middle Colonies: (p. 87)

5) The Middle Colonies were:

America’s Growth: pp. 88 – 89

1) Divide the original 13 colonies into three regions as defined on the map:

1:North: New England

2: Middle:

3: South:

2) According to the map inset, Natural Harbors were important because…

Life in the English Colonies: pp. 90 - 97

1) Colonial Government: Each colony has its own government. What did the structure of government typically look like? (pp. 90-91)

2) English Bill of Rights: The King of England at this time was unpopular and was replaced. English Parliament (government) passed a Bill of Rights which: (p. 91)

3) The English continued to control Colonial trade through laws and acts. Colonists wanted more freedom to determine to buy or sell goods. This led to an increase in _____________________ in

the colonies. (p. 93)

A Closer Look: Slavery

Examine the quote of former slave, Olaudah Equiano: p. 93 (primary source)

“Tortures, murders, and every other imaginable barbarity (cruelty)… are practiced upon the poor slaves with impunity (no punishment). I hope the slave-trade will be abolished (banned/ended).” – from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

Slavery: Definition: A social relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another.

Slavery was part of a system called Triangle Trade.

Trade across the Atlantic Ocean (the Middle Passage) was characterized by the movement of slaves, sugar, cotton, tobacco, iron, rum, manufactured goods and textiles. Four continents were involved: The Americas, Europe, and Africa. Many taken onto the ships did not survive the journey. Those who did survive were sold into slavery to labor on farms across the Americas.

4) The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment were two social movements that had clear effects

on the political life of colonists. (pp. 94-95)

The Great Awakening allowed Colonists to share ideas about __________________ and

________________________.

The Enlightenment spread ideas about the social ______________ between government and its

citizens, and the natural rights of ___________________ and ___________________.

5) 1675 - Early in Colonial History tensions between Native Americans and New England Colonists erupted in a conflict known as King Philip’s War. Describe the cause of the war and its outcome: (p. 95)

6) The French had settled in Canada and had friendly relations with Native American groups. Their

settlements were smaller and less threatening. The French dominated the fur trade. Both the

French and the British looked to expand into the ________________________. (p.95)

7) 1753 – The British looked to expand their colonies and take over the fur trade. The French resisted and built forts in the Valley. The British sent troops to Ohio, some of which were led by a young Virginia Militiaman looking to start a military career. The young man was

_______________________________________. He Built a fort and named it

___________________________. His inexperience led to a British defeat at the hands of the

French and their Indian allies (p. 96)

8) War broke out between France and Great Britain both in the colonies and in Europe. The war

was called _____________________________________________. The War was costly and lasted

many years, but eventually the British captured territory in Canada (Quebec). Ultimately, in 1763

the British and French signed the _______________________________ officially ending the

conflict. (p. 96)

9) The Treaty of Paris gave Great Britain control of ______________________ and all land

_____________ of the Mississippi River except for the city of ______________________________.

Spain, who sided with France gained land _____________ of the Mississippi River. British colonists

began moving west from the colonies to settle new land (p. 96)

11) Compare the maps on page 96. Answer the interpreting maps questions below:

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

10) Colonial settlers or ______________________ began to move into the Virginia and Carolina

back country, as well as the Ohio River Valley. Indian Leader like Chief ________________ opposed

the British settlement of this land. Chief Pontiac led a rebellion against British forts on the frontier

and was very successful. British Leaders feared more fighting.

To avoid conflict King George III issued the ______________________________________. This law

_______________ British settlement west of the ______________________ mountains. This law

was the first of many that would increase tensions between colonists and their British Homeland.

(p. 97)

Look at the above cartoon. What do you think is symbolized by the snake and its different sections?

___________________________________________________________________________________

First published in 1754 in the Philadelphia Gazette by Ben Franklin, this political cartoon suggests the colonies _______________ against an outside enemy. In this case he meant the French and their Indian Allies. Later this theme was used again as colonial leaders became more upset with British authority.