SYNOPSIS FOR REGISTRATION OF

SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

SUBMITTED BY:

Mrs. VIJAYA KUMARI.K.B

I M.Sc. NURSING

PEADIATRIC NURSING

(2012-2014 BATCH)

SHARABHESWARA COLLEGE OF NURSING

6TH WARD, GUGGARAHATTI, BANGALORE ROAD,

BELLARY – 583 102

SYNOPSIS FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE

CANDIDATE AND

ADDRESS

Mrs. VIJAYA KUMARI.K.B

M.Sc. NURSING 1ST YEAR

SHARABHESWARA COLLEGE OF NURSING,

6TH WARD,GUGGARAHATTI, BANGALORE

ROAD, BELLARY-583102

2. NAME OF THE

INSTITUTIONSHARABHESWARA COLLEGE OF NURSING

3. COURSE OF THE

STUDY AND THE

SUBJECT

M.Sc. NURSING, 1ST YEAR

PEADIATRIC NURSING

4. DATE OF

ADMISSION TO

COURSE

15 JUNE 2012

5. TITLE OF THE

TOPIC“STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING

PERSONAL HYGIENE AMONG PRIMARY

SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED SCHOOL

AT BELLARY.”

INTRODUCTION

The word hygiene is derived from the name of the ancient Greek goddess of

healthful living-Hygeia. Hygiene refers to the set of practices associated with the

preservation of health and healthy living1. Cleanliness gives us healthy and sound

living. Personal hygiene is important for keeping kids healthy and clean. It includes

hygiene of the skin, mouth, hand, hair, nails, feet etc2.

Hygiene is the science of health and its maintenance. It is highly personal

determined by individual values and practices. Hygiene status of children is an index

of national investment in the development of its man power. It is influenced by social,

familial and individual factors as well as the children’s knowledge of health on

personal hygiene, comfort and basic needs, characteristic associated with child such

as their natural and lack of knowledge are aggregating factors3.

Hygiene has two aspects that are personal and environmental. The main aim of

personal hygiene is to promote standards of personal cleanliness within the settings of

the condition where people live. Good hygiene is an aid to health, beauty, comfort and

social interactions. Good personal hygiene, directly aids in disease prevention and

health promotion4.

According to the Government of India, the total population of children in the

age group seven to fourteen years is 19,97,91,198, that is, 19.4% of the total Indian

population. India has largest group of school going children in rural areas. In India,

there are 6.3 lakh rural schools with 80 million school going children. Out of this,

44% have water facilities, 19% have urinals, and less than eight percent have lavatory

facilities for girls. Thus, schools are unsafe places where diseases are spread. A total

of sixty percent of the population living in developing countries, amounting to some

2.4 billion people, has no access to hygienic means of sanitation5.

For growing children, personal hygiene is a very important factor. Personal hygiene not only makes them comfortable, but it teaches

them to do what is right and what is wrong6. Early hygiene enhancement gives the child a healthy and comfortable life, and will teach them to be

hygienic up to the time they grow old. Children touch, reach and grasp to learn about environment and are at a high risk of infection7.

Some infectious diseases which spread through poor hygiene are common cold, flue and gastrointestinal diseases. However, good

hygiene teaches them to understand the importance of personal hygiene and to take care of their body from health hazards such as diarrhoea,

dysentery, intestinal worm infestation, infestation of lice, and skin diseases8.

Primary school children constitute about 5 percent of the total population and

are vulnerable for various infections. As there is more prevalence of ignorance and

illiteracy among the public, there is a great need to educate them, especially the

children about good hygienic practices and to promote healthy life style9.

The children are the most important segment of our population and intend to

receive attention from family, school, society and government Children are truly the

foundation of a society because healthy children grow to become healthy and strong

adults who can actively participate in the developmental activities of a nation10.

6.0 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Personal hygiene refers to the cleaning and grooming of the body. In addition

to improving appearance, personal hygiene is an important form of protection against

disease and infections of all kinds. Understanding the importance of personal hygiene

allows child to make informed decisions about how to care for their health and

appearance. The main purpose of personal hygiene is to prevent illness and improve

appearance, but hygiene also plays an important role in social acceptance and can

either improve or hinder a person's reputation in social situations. Bad breath, body

odor and an unkempt appearance, for example, are often considered undesirable and

can give a bad first impression to peers, acquaintances and potential mates11.

Personal hygiene is important in every stage of life, but good cleanliness

habits start in childhood. Kids who learn what it is and how to follow proper hygiene

practices will usually carry that into adulthood12.

Hygiene education starts with the family, and eventually youngsters can learn

what to do and follow cleanliness rules on their own when a baby makes the transition

into childhood, it may be more of a challenge to keep her fresh. As a child grows, so

do his opportunities for the face, hands and feet to become messy and dirty12.

Learning proper cleanliness skills in childhood can help prevent the spread of

germs and illness. As a child grows, good hygiene becomes increasingly important

because hormonal changes during puberty lead to stronger body odor and oilier hair

and skin12.

Australian psychologist Marion Kostanski study suggested that a child who

does not practice good personal hygiene is placed at risk for injurious teasing by peers

and advised to take the time to teach child at a young age the basics of good hygiene

to avoid unnecessary teasing and taunting by peers13. So it is the responsibility of

either the teacher or nurse to educate child in personal hygiene. Because hygiene

practices can stave off childhood illness and infections. So training in personal

hygiene could also save child from embarrassing moments and teasing by peers.

Nurse should set a standard for other family members to follow. Overall better health

will be family's reward if you stress the importance of personal hygiene. According to

World Health Organization study, every rupee spent on improving hygiene generates

an average economic benefit of Rupee nine14.

Practicing good hygiene means looking, feeling and smelling good. A child

may appear unclean for a variety of reasons, ranging from illness to parental neglect.

A child with poor hygiene can feel bad about himself and become the target of bullies.

Teaching good hygiene can prevent illness and helps a child learn how to take care of

himself15.

India has one of the largest groups of school going children, especially in rural

areas. There are about 6.3 lakhs rural schools both primary and upper primary with 80

million school going children. But it is also a fact that only 8 percent of schools have

the sanitation facilities in school premise. Out of 6.3 lakhs primary and upper primary

rural schools, only 44 percent have water supply facilities, 19 percent have urinals and

eight percent have lavatory facilities16.

Only 19 percent have separate urinals and four percent lavatory facility for

girls. Under these conditions, schools and community environment become unsafe

places where diseases are transmitted16.

A descriptive study was conducted to compare the health education activities

of different government and private school of Delhi. Data was collected by

observation of health education activities, interview of the health care providers and

focus group discussion with the parents and teachers of the schools. The study

revealed that in government organizations health education is one of the ongoing

activities and this activity poorly managed. There is a need of imparting health

education on important health matters such as personal hygiene and prevention of

communicable disease and it should be carried out with the help of different AV

aids17.

A study conducted revealed the concepts in personal hygiene; the first concept

in personal hygiene is the positive and negative emotions that affect physical health,

such as feeling pride in being neat and clean or feeling frustration in using hygiene

tools. The second concept is personal hygiene practices such as hand washing, oral

hygiene etc. The third concept is the fact that germs that can lead to common diseases

such as the flu or a cold. Nurses can use various techniques to help kids remember

these lessons18.

Children are eager to learn and schools are important places of learning for

children. Promotion of personal hygiene and sanitation in schools therefore help the

students to adopt good hygiene and habits during their childhood. Children learn in

school they can and often do pass on in their families and communities19.

World Health Organization stated that the prevalence of personal hygiene has

increased in schools, due to the worse situation of health status. Diseases are lead by

unhygienic and the families almost unbearable. It has been estimated that 0.02% of

child has proper hygienic practice among 180 children.8

National health policy appealed that promotion of child health in voluntary

basis, found that the children access to hygienic practices widely differ between

regions. Overall 60% of children in developing countries had changed to good

hygienic practices and self care measures by best health education by teachers and

health care professional21.

Schools are sacred because they provide an environment for learning skills,

and for development of intelligence that can be utilized by students to achieve their

goals in life. It is also observed that “to learn effectively children need good health22.”

Health is a key factor in school entry, as well as continued participation and

attainment in school. School is the place where health education regarding important

aspects of environment sanitation and hygiene need to be given to children to disease

the infections22, hence the investigator in the present study aim to assess to assess the

knowledge and practice of primary school children regarding personal hygiene and to

conduct structured teaching programme to improve the knowledge and practice on

personal hygiene.

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six rural areas of Bangladesh to

explore knowledge and practices of the school children regarding personal hygiene.

Thirty cluster sampling technique was applied coving 180 schools and 1800 students.

Data collection took place between March to April, 2011. Data reveals that about 75%

children were aware about wearing shoes during latrine use and washing hands with

soap after defecation. More than 80% children mentioned about washing hands with

soap before meal intake. Though the children possessed good knowledge on few

indicators of personal hygiene but their practice was inadequate. It was found that

more than 50% of the children did not wash hands with soap before meal intake and

after defecation. Moreover, taking open food, open place defecation and use latrine

without shoes were quite prevalent among them. Type of school, socio-economic

status of households and geographical characteristics were reported as potential

determinants for knowledge and practices of hygiene among children. A holistic

approach addressing social, economical and geographical characteristics of the

children should be introduced aimed at improving the hygiene practices among school

children23.

A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary

school situated in the largest slum of Kolkata to find out the status of nutrition and

personal hygiene among primary school children and their association with their

varied morbidity profiles. The participants included 103 boys and 81 girls, with a

mean age of 6.2 years. The mean personal hygiene score of the girls (4.15 ± 0.98) was

significantly higher than that of boys (3.2 ± 1.4) [P<0.05]. Most of the boys (54.37%)

and girls (74.07%) were normally nourished as per the CDC growth chart. Over 70%

of the children were suffering from one or more morbidities, the most common

morbidity in both the sexes being pallor, followed by worm infestation. Personal

hygiene scores were significantly higher (P<0.05) among those children who were

normally nourished as well as those who did not suffer from any morbidity in the last

15 days and concluded that care should be taken to improve the pitiable state of

personal hygiene and poor sanitary practices of these school children through

coordinated and concerted health education measures by teachers as well as parents24.

A cross-sectional study was conducted for 669 students to study evaluated the

KAP of hygiene among rural school children in Ethiopia and assessed the extent to

which proper knowledge of hygiene was associated with personal hygiene

characteristics, who were interviewed by trained staff Participants were in grades 1-6

at Angolela Primary School, located in rural Ethiopia. Data consisted of hygiene and

hand washing practices, knowledge about sanitation, personal hygiene characteristics,

and presence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection; results showed approximately

52% of students were classified as having adequate knowledge of proper hygiene.

Most students reported hand washing before meals (99.0%), but only 36.2% reported

using soap. Although 76.7% of students reported that washing hands after defecation

was important, only 14.8% reported actually following this practice. Students with

adequate knowledge of proper hygiene were more likely to have clean clothes (AOR

1.62, CI 1.14-2.29) and to have a lower risk of parasitic infection (AOR 0.78, CI 0.56-

1.09) although statistical significance was not achieved for the latter and concluded

that the need for more hand washing and hygiene education in schools; and provide

objective evidence that may guide the development of comprehensive health and

hygiene intervention programs in rural Ethiopian schools. Successful implementation

of these programs is likely to substantially attenuate the transmissible disease burden

borne by school children in rural settings25.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary school in the

largest slum of Kolkata on the status of nutrition and personal hygiene and their

association with varied morbidity profiles. The participants included 103 boys and 81

girls with a mean age of six years. The mean personal hygiene score of the girls

(4.15±0.98) was significantly higher than boys (3.2 ±1.4). Most of the boys (54.37%)

and girls (74.07%) were normally nourished as shown by the growth chart. It was

found that 76% of the boys and 74% of the girls were suffering from one or more

morbidities. The researcher concluded that care should be taken to improve personal

hygiene26.

A cross-sectional study was undertaken in rural Peshawar to determine the frequency of intestinal infestation in primary school

children. The study population included 200 primary schoolchildren aged five to ten years. Data was collected by stool examination. The results

showed 45.5% (91 cases) prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, less than eight percent (16 cases) of Hymenolepis nana, less than four percent (16

cases) of Enterobious vermicularis, less than three percent (7 cases) of hookworm, less than four percent (7 cases) of whipworm, and less than seven

percent (3 cases) prevalence of tapeworm. The researcher concluded that there was a high percent of primary school children in need of health

education on promotion of personal hygiene and possibly mass treatment27.

A longitudinal study was conducted in Vishakapattanam on dermatophytes

and other fungi associated with hair-scalp of primary school children and hygiene. A

total of 2804 primary section pupils aged six to fifteen years of 12 schools were

screened. A questionnaire was administered along with physical examination of

volunteers for scalp, body and nail ringworms. The results showed that the occurrence

of hair-scalp infection was more in boys (61.60%) in comparison to girls (38.39%)

and a number of pupils of age group five to eight years were suffering with infection

(34.82%). The researcher concluded that there was a need for greater awareness on

personal hygiene to reduce skin infection28.

An experimental study was conducted on the impact of school health

education programme on personal hygiene and related morbidities in tribal school

children of Wardha district. The sample of the study was 145 primary school children

from six to eight years. Data was collected using a structured knowledge

questionnaire and health check-up. Health education was done with flip books,

demonstration activities, and planned health education programme sessions. Results

showed that proportion of children with clean teeth increased from 33.8% to 50% and

prevalence of dental caries reduced from eight to five percent. The researcher

concluded that the school education programme improved personal hygiene and

reduced related morbidities29.

An experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of school

based health education on the practice of personal hygiene by children in primary

schools in Nigeria. 395 and 398 preschool children were selected randomly as

intervention group and control group. Less than 45 percent were rated clean before

health education in both groups. After health education 65 percent were rated clean.

There was no change in the control group. The study concluded that school based

health education improved the personal hygienic practices of the preschool children.

There is need for regular reinforcement to sustain the gains30.

A pre-test – post-test study was conducted in Mangalore on effectiveness of

planned teaching programme on personal hygiene among school children of six to

twelve years. The sample comprised 50 school children. Data was collected using a

closed-ended questionnaire on various areas such as care of skin, teeth hair, hands,

and feet. The mean percent of total knowledge score of pre-test was 49.45% with

meanSD (19.74±2.877) and mean post-test score was 79.9% with meanSD

(31.96±2.303). The researcher concluded that health education would definitely

improve the health status of school children31.

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the awareness of hygienic

practices among children in Government School in Hyderabad. 30 preschool children

were selected non randomly. The data was collected by structured interview. Findings

revealed that majority of children had moderately adequate awareness (70%).

According to age wise analysis of data 62.5% of 5 year old children and 12.5% of 4

year old children had moderately adequate awareness. 47.7% of 3 year old children

had inadequate awareness. The study concluded that regular education has to be given

to preschool children regarding hygienic practices32.

A study was conducted to assess the impact of personal hygiene on the

knowledge, attitude and practices of school children aged 10-14 years in two

secondary schools situated in Burdwan, district of West Bengal. The results indicated

that the health knowledge of the student significantly improved after education.

Attitude of the students towards personal hygiene also improved significantly after

education. The practice of personal hygiene improved significantly as well33.

A longitudinal study was conducted for 324 rural school children between

10-14 years in two secondary schools were selected randomly to assess the impact of

health education to school children on their knowledge, attitude and practices in

regard to personal hygiene in Burdwan. The knowledge, attitude and practices of the

students were assessed in pre-designed and post test profoma before imparting the

health education. The results indicated that the knowledge of the students regarding

personal hygiene was improved after the health education. The study concluded that

the improvement in health practices was not commensuration with the improvement

of knowledge and attitude after education34.

6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING PERSONAL

HYGIENE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED SCHOOL

AT BELLARY.”

6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the existing knowledge of primary school children regarding personal

hygiene by administering knowledge questionnaire.

2. To assess the existing practice of primary school children regarding personal

hygiene by administering observation check list.

3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme by determining

the difference between the mean pretest and post test knowledge and practice

scores of primary school children regarding personal hygiene.

4. To correlate the improvement knowledge and practice of primary school

children regarding personal hygiene.

5. To find an association between posttest knowledge score of primary school

children regarding personal hygiene with selected demographic variables.

6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

ASSESS: Assess refers to statistical measurement on knowledge and practice

regarding personal hygiene among primary school children by using self administered

questionnaire.

EFFECTIVENESS: In the present study Effectiveness refers to gain in knowledge as

determined by significant difference in pre and post test knowledge score.

STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME: In the present study Structured

Teaching Programme refers to a systematically organized plan of teaching on

knowledge and practice regarding personal hygiene among primary school children.

KNOWLEDGE: In the present study Knowledge refers to level of understanding of

primary school children on personal hygiene in selected hospital.

PRACTICE: In the present study practice refers to the performance of any act in the

care of the ill or injured.

PRIMAY SCHOOL CHILDREN: In the present study primary school children

refers to the children of first to seven standard in the age group of six to twelve years

respectively.

PERSONAL HYGIENE: In the present study personal hygiene refers to the

practices to keeping oneself clean by measures such as hair hygiene, oral hygiene,

hand hygiene, skin care, and hygiene of foot and nails to prevent illness and diseases.

6.6 HYPOTHESIS

H01: There is no association difference between pre test and post test knowledge

and practice among primary school children regarding personal hygiene.

H02: There is no significant relationship between knowledge and practice among

primary school children regarding personal hygiene.

H03: There is no significant association between the post test knowledge and

practice score with selected demographic variables.

6.7 VARIABLES IN THE STUDY

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Structured teaching programme

DEPENDENT VARIABLE: knowledge and practice regarding personal hygiene

among primary school children.

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIBLES: Age, Sex, class, income of the family, religion,

parent education, type of family and order of birth.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1.1 Source of data : Primary school children

7.1.2 Research approach: Evaluatory approach

7.1.3 Research design : One group pre test-post test design

7.1.4 Population : All Primary school children

7.1.5 Sample : Primary school children in selected school at

Bellary

7.1.6 Research setting : Selected government school at Bellary

7.1.7 Sampling technique : Stratified random sampling

7.1.8 Sample size : 100

7.1.9 Sample criteria :

Inclusion criteria 1. Primary school children studying in selected

Government school.

2. Both boys and girls studying in first to seventh

standard in selected school.

3. Those primary school children who are willing to

participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria Those primary school children not selected by stratified

random sampling

7.2.1 TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION

Section-1: Will contain demographic variables such as Age, Sex, class, income of the

family, religion, parent education, type of family and order of birth.

Section-2: Will contain structured self administered questionnaire to assess the

knowledge and practice regarding personal hygiene.

7.2.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Pre-test knowledge will be assessed by using structured self administered

questionnaire and it will be followed by a structured teaching program and a post test

will be conducted at the end of seven days by administering the same questionnaire.

7.2.3 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

The investigator will analyze the data obtained, by using the descriptive and

inferential statistics.

The plan of data analysis as follows:

Organize the data in a master sheet or computer.

Descriptive statistics: Mean, Mode, Median, percentage and standard deviation

will be used for assessing the demographic characteristics.

Inferential statistics: Student ‘t test’ will be used to find out the significance.

7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR

INTERVENTIONS TO BE CONDUCTED ON OTHER

HUMAN OR ANIMALS? SO PLEASE DESCRIBE

BRIEFLY.

No.

7.4 HAS THE ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM

INSTITUTION?

The ethical clearance is obtained from the research committee of

Sharabheswara college of Nursing.

Written permission will be obtained from the concerned authorities of

selected hospital.

Written consent will be obtained from the each of the participants.

8. LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Hygiene. [Online].

Available from URL: http://www.answers.com/topic/hygiene.

2. Hygiene. [Online].

Available from: URL:http://www.oxforduniversitypress.com/health/hygiene.

3. AARCNS. Child to child. 14th ed. London: Macmillan Company: 1998.p.342-

49.

4. Basavanthappa. Community health nursing. Jaypee brothers; 7 th ed:

2008.p.69-75.

5. Census data 2001. [Online].

Available from URL:http://www.censusindia.gov.in/india at glance/broad age

groups.

6. Hygiene. [Online]. Available from URL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hygiene.

7. Betz LL, Humberger MM, Wright S. Family-centered Nursing Care of

Children. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1994.

8. Potter PA, Perry GA. Fundamentals of nursing. 6th ed. New Delhi: Reed

Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd.; 2005.

9. Park. K: Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, 18th edition, M/S

Bannarasidas Bhanot Publishers, Jablapur; 2005.

10. Child, WIKIPEDIA, the free Encyclopedia.

Available from URL: www.wikipedia.com//child

11. http://www.livestrong.com/article/91264-importance-personal-hygiene

children/#ixzz1M542GS9N

12. Rama B, Varu Sage Publications Pvt Ltd; School Health Services in India:

The social and economic context; 2008.p.1-2.

13. Journal of Child & Family Studies; The Impact of Teasing on Children's Body

Image; Kostanski, M, & Gullone, E. 2007.

14. Esrey SA, Potash JB, Roberts L, Shiff C. Effects of improved water supply

and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection,

schistosomiasis and trachoma. World Health Org. 1991. 63,757-772.

15. Available URL: http://www.who.int/school_youth_health/gshi/en/

16. Dongre AR, Deshmukh PR, Boratne AV, Thaware P, Garg BS. An approach

to hygiene education among rural Indian school going children. Online J

Health Allied Scs. 2007; 4:2.

17. http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts

18. Sebastian MS and Senti S. The Health Status of Rural School Children in

Amazon Basin of Ecuador. Journal of Tropical Pediatric1999; 45:379-382.

19. Basavanthappa. Fundamental of nursing. Jaypee brothers:2000.p.104-109.

20. Donna LW. Nursing care of infants and children. Mosby publications: 6thed.

2005.p.48-9.

21. Elmer RG. Everyday Pediatrics. McGraw Hills Company Newyork: 2nd

ed.1994.p.74, 86.

22. Kishore JP. National Health Programs of India, New Delhi: Century

Publications. 2007.p. 441-7.

23. Mohammad Awlad Hossain. A study on knowledge and practice of personal

hygiene among school children in rural areas of Bangladesh. Oct 31, 2012.

24. Soumya Deb, Sinjita Dutta, Aparajita Dasgupta, Raghunath Misra.

Relationship of Personal Hygiene with Nutrition and Morbidity Profile:

A Study among Primary School Children in South Kolkata. Indian J

Community Med. 2010 April; 35(2): 280–284.

25. Vivas AP, Gelaye B, Aboset N, Kumie A, Berhane Y, Williams MA.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of hygiene among school children

in Angolela, Ethiopia. J Prev Med Hyg. 2010 Jun; 51(2):73-9.

26. Deb S, Dutta S, Dasgupta A, Misra R. Relationship of personal hygiene with

nutrition and morbidity profile: A study among primary school children in

South Kolkata. Indian Journal Community Medicine 2010; 35: 280-284.

27. Ullah I, Sarwar G, Aziz S, Khan MH. Intestinal worm infestation in primary

school children in rural Peshawar. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 2009

Jul-Dec;7(2):132-6.

28. Maruthi AY, Lakshmi AK, Rao RS, Hossain K, Chaitanya AD, Karuna K.

Dermatophytes and other fungi associated with hair-scalp of primary school

children in Visakhapatnam, India: A case study and literature review. The

Internet Journal of Microbiology 2008; 5(2).

29. Dongre AR, Deshmukh PR, Garg BS. The impact of school health education

programme on personal hygiene and related morbidities in tribal school

children of Wardha district. Indian J Community Med 2008; 31:81-2.

30. Ilika AL: Personal hygiene practice and school based health education of

children in Anambra state. Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Medical Journal. Medline

9: 2008.

31. Kumar M. Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on personal hygiene.

Unpublished M. Sc. nursing research dissertation submitted to Rajiv Gandhi

University of Health Sciences, Bangalore; 2005.

32. Mohana Kumari. D: A study to assess awareness of hygiene practices on

children in Government Raj Bhavan School, Hyderabad: 1999.

33. Biswas. Care of Children. Newyork; Ginn and Co: 1995.p.774, 882.

34. Biswas A.B: A study of the impact of health education to school children on

their knowledge, attitude and practice in regard to personal hygiene. Indian

Journal of Public Health. New Delhi.1990.

9.

SIGNATURE OF THE

CANDIDATEVIJAYA KUMARI.K.B

10.

REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

STUDY IS FEASIBLE

CONTRIBUTES TOWARDS

KNOWLEDGE BASE OF

PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

ON PERSONAL HYGIENE

11.NAME AND DESIGNATION OF

11.1 GUIDE

Mrs. VANI.N

Prof & HOD.

Department of PEADIATRIC

NURSING

11.2 SIGNATURE VANI.N

11.3 CO-GUIDE

Mrs. SHABANA BEGUM. A

Assoc. Prof.,

Department of OBSTERTIC AND

GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING

11.4 SIGNATURE SHABANA BEGUM. A

11.5 HEAD THE

DEPARTMENTPROF. VANI.N

11.6 SIGNATURE VANI.N

12.

REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL

STUDY IS FEASIBLE

CONTRIBUTES TOWARDS

KNOWLEDGE BASE OF

PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

12.1 SIGNATURE LEEMA ROSI