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3 Another Look @ Chanukah: The Midrasha of Seattle In memory of Mrs. Dorothy Barash – Doba Bas Naftali Source 1: Rambam, Laws of Megilah and Chanukah 4:12 הההה הה ההההה הההה ההההה ההה הה ההה ההההה ההה ההההה הה ההה הההההה ההה ההההההה הההה ההה הההההה הה הה ההההה הההה ההה, ווווו ווו וו וו וווו ווו וו ווווו וווו וו וווו ווווו ווווו ווו ווווו וווווו. The mitzvah of kindling Chanukah lamps is very dear. A person should be very careful in its observance to publicize the miracle and thus increase our praise of God and our expression of thanks for the miracles which He wrought on our behalf. Even if a person has no resources for food except [what he receives] from charity, he should pawn or sell his garments and purchase oil and lamps to kindle them [in fulfillment of the mitzvah]. 2 Source 2: Rambam, Laws of Chametz and Matzah Ch. 7 הההה ההה הה הההה ההההIt is a positive commandment of

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Page 1: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

Another Look @ Chanukah: The Midrasha of Seattle

In memory of Mrs. Dorothy Barash – Doba Bas Naftali

Source 1: Rambam, Laws of Megilah and Chanukah 4:12

מצוה חנוכה נר מצות חביבה היא עד מאד וצריךכדי בה להזהר אדם ולהוסיף הנס להודיע בשבח האל והודיה לו על

אפילוהנסים שעשה לנו, אין לו מה יאכל אלא מןמוכר או שואל הצדקה כסותו ולוקח שמן ונרות

.ומדליק

The mitzvah of kindling Chanukah lamps is

very dear. A person should be very careful

in its observance to publicize the miracle

and thus increase our praise of God and

our expression of thanks for the miracles

which He wrought on our behalf. Even if a

person has no resources for food except

[what he receives] from charity, he

should pawn or sell his garments and

purchase oil and lamps to kindle them

[in fulfillment of the mitzvah].2

Source 2: Rambam, Laws of Chametz and Matzah Ch. 7

מצות עשה של תורה לספר בנסים ונפלאות שנעשו לאבותינו במצרים

בליל חמשה עשר בניסן ……

ואם היה הבן גדול וחכם מודיעו ונסים במצרים לנו שאירע מה הכל רבינו משה ע"י לנו שנעשו

לפי דעתו של בן.

It is a positive commandment of the Torah to

relate the miracles and wonders wrought for

our ancestors in Egypt on the night of the

fifteenth of Nisan

If the son is older and wise, he should inform

him what happened to us in Egypt and the

miracles wrought for us by Moses, our teacher;

everything according to the son's knowledge.

Therefore, when a person feasts on this night, he

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Page 2: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

לפיכך כשסועד אדם בלילה הזהמיסב והוא ולשתות לאכול צריך בין ואחד אחד וכל חירות, דרך לשתות חייב נשים בין אנשים ג ארבעה כוסות של בלילה הזה

ואפילו ענייין, אין פוחתין מהם, לא הצדקה מן המתפרנס כוסות מארבעה לו ,יפחתו

שיעור כל כוס מהן רביעית.

must eat and drink while he is reclining in the

manner of free men. Each and every one, both

men and women, must drink four cups of wine

on this night. [This number] should not be

reduced. Even a poor person who is sustained by charity should not have fewer than four cups. The size of each of these cups should be a

quarter [of a log].

Source 3: Rambam, Laws of Megilah and Chanukah 4:13

אחת פרוטה אלא לו שאין הרי נר והדלקת היום קידוש ולפניו שמן לקנות מקדים חנוכה היין על חנוכה נר להדליק ושניהם הואיל היום לקידוש סופרים מוטב להקדים מדברי

נר חנוכה שיש בו זכרון הנס.

When a person has only a single prutah and he [is required to fulfill both the mitzvot of] sanctifying the [Sabbath] day and lighting the Chanukah lamp, he should give precedence to purchasing oil to kindle the Chanukah lamp over [purchasing] wine to recite kiddush. Since both [of these mitzvot] are Rabbinic in origin, it is preferable to give precedence to the kindling of the Chanukah lamp, for it commemorates the miracle.

Source 4: Commentary of Maggid Mishna on Rambam 4:12

. נראה שלמדו ממהומ"ש רבינו אפילו אין לו מה יאכל וכו' שנתבאר פ' ז' מהלכות חמץ ומצה שאפילו עני שבישראל

והטעם משום פרסומי ניסא וכ"ש בנ"ח לא יפחות מד' כוסות:דעדיף מקדוש היום כמו שיתבאר בסמוך

It seems that the Rambam learned from what was written in the seventh chapter of Chametz and Matzah, ie that even a poor person should not consume less than four cups. And the reason is the publication of the miracle;

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Page 3: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

how much more so with Ner Chanukah, which is a priority over Kiddush (when there are limited funds available)

Source 5: Chafetz Chaim, Biur Halacha

הרה"מ כתב דהרמב"ם למד כן מדין ד' כוסות דזה* ואפילו עני וכו' - ולפ"ז נראה דהגבאים מחוייבים ליתן לווזה הוי משום פרסומי ניסא

מיהו אם לא נתנו לו צריך לעשות כמונרות להדליק כמו בד' כוסות שכתוב בשו"ע וכן הדין בד' כוסות מיהו נראה דאין צריכין ליתן לו כ"א נר אחד בכל לילה דהיינו נר איש וביתו דיותר הוי מן המהדרין ואין חיוב

ליתן לו ]חמד משה[:And even a poor person…(quotes Rambam requirement of 4 cups) Based on this it seems that the Gabbaim have an obligation to give him candles to light just like with the four cups….

Source 6: Shemot 3

יך בהוציא יב י שלח י אנ ות ה ך וזה־ל ה ע אמ כי־אה ךו ת כ כ א ך מ י ר יר הזה׃ ל ה ים אל את־ ים תעבדו האת־הע ממצ ע ה ה ן ר  ם

3:12 'Because I will be with you,' replied [God]. 'Proof that I have sent you will come when you get the people out of Egypt. All of you will then become God's servants on this mountain.'

Source 7: Rav Avraham Yafan

The miracle of Chanukah has been compared to the exodus from Egypt, because with both of them, there is a publication of G-d’s providence, who hijacks nature according to

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Page 4: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

His will, and from both of them, we learn that the purpose of creation is serving Hashem. Just like with the exodus, they were told, “When you take the nation our of Egypt, you will serve G-d…” so, too – with Ner Chanukah, the miracle was for the purification of the Mikdash from idolatry and service of Hashem in holiness and purity.

Source 8: Bereishit Rabba – Lech Lecha

רב אמר לא נתנו המצות אלא לצרף בהן את הבריותMitzvot were only given to purify mankind

Source 9: Talmud Makkot 24a

אלא, בא חבקוק והעמידן על אחת, שנאמר: וצדיקבאמונתו יחיה.

But it is Habakuk who came and based them all on one [principle], as it is said, But the righteous shall live by his faith. (Habakuk 2:4)

Source 10: Rabbi Yafan………

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Page 5: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

A person has to evaluate when doing a mitzvah whether one has moved forward in developing Emunah. This is the meaning of “the righteous shall live by their faith"– that every step of life should be saturated with belief. This is the meaning of – יחיה as our sages said on the verse, “All souls (kol haneshama) will praise Hashem” – for every break – neshima – a person must bless G-d.

Source 11: Hanerot Halalu

הנרות הללוהנרות הללו אנו מדליקיןים ועל הנפלאות על הנס

ועל התשועות ועל המלחמות שעשית לאבותינו בימים ההם

בזמן הזהעל ידי כהניך הקדושיםוכל שמונת ימי חנכה

הנרות הללו קדש הם ואין לנו רשות להשתמש

בהם

We kindle these lights [to

commemorate] the saving acts,

miracles and wonders which You

have performed for our forefathers,

in those days at this time, through

Your holy priests. Throughout the eight days of Chanukah, these lights are sacred, and we are not permitted to make use of them, but only to look at them, in order to offer thanks and praise to Your

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Page 6: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

אלא לראותם בלבד כדי להודות ולהלל לשמך

הגדול על נסיך ועל ישועתך

ועל נפלאותיך

great Name for Your miracles, for Your wonders and for Your salvations.

Source 12: Talmud Shabbat 21b

דתנו רבנן: בכ"המאי חנוכה?תמניא דחנוכה יומי בכסליו אינון, דלא למספד בהון ודלאשכשנכנסו בהון. להתענות יוונים להיכל טמאו כל השמנים שבהיכל, וכשגברה מלכות ביתולא בדקו ונצחום, חשמונאי מצאו אלא פך אחד של שמןכהן של בחותמו מונח שהיה גדול, ולא היה בו אלא להדליק יום אחד, נעשה בו נס והדליקו

ימים. שמונה לשנהממנו אחרת קבעום ועשאום ימים

טובים בהלל והודאה.

רש"י- והודאה בהלל טובים ימים ועשאום לא שאסורין במלאכה, שלא נקבעו

What is [the reason of] Hanukkah? For our Rabbis taught: On the twenty-fifth of Kislev22  [commence] the days of Hanukkah, which are eight on which a lamentation for the dead and fasting are forbidden.23  For when the Greeks entered the Temple, they defiled all the oils therein, and when the Hasmonean dynasty prevailed against and defeated them, they made search and found only one cruse of oil which lay with the seal of the High Priest,24  but which contained sufficient for one day's lighting only; yet a miracle was wrought therein and they lit [the lamp] therewith for eight days. The following year these [days] were appointed a Festival with [the recital of]

Hallel25  and thanksgiving.26

Rashi: And they made them holidays with Praise and Thanksgiving –Not that it was forbidden to do creative labor, rather they were only set up to recite the Hallel the Al Hanisim insert in the Hoda’a

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Page 7: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

אלא לקרות הלל ולומר על הנסיםבהודאה.

Source 13: Modim & Al Hanisim

See next page…

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Page 8: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

What’s missing from the enactment?Source 14: R. Eliahu Schlesinger..

One of the commentaries on the Smag asks: Why did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah?

He answers: when the Gemara says that they set and established them as a festival – “set them” - that’s a reference to Ner Chanukah, while “established them” refers to the Hallel and thanksgiving

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Page 9: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

Source 15: Piskei Riaz

He recounts the story of Chanukah then writes: “The next year, they set them and established them for eight days in which we complete the Hallel and offer thanks for the miracle through the lighting of the candles, and mention Chanukah in the Tefilah…

Source 16 : Rambam, Megilah and Chanukah 3:3

ומפני זה התקינו חכמיםשיהיו הדור שבאותו האלו הימים שמונת חמשה מליל שתחלתן

ימי שמחהועשרים בכסלו בהןוהלל ומדליקין

פתחי על בערב הנרות לילה בכל ולילההבתים

להראות הלילות משמונת ולגלות הנס, וימים אלו הן הנקראין חנוכה והן אסוריןכימי ותענית בהספד הנרות והדלקת הפורים, סופרים מדברי מצוה בהן

Accordingly, the Sages of that generation ordained that these eight days, which begin from the twenty-fifth of Kislev, should be commemorated to be days of happiness and praise [of God]. Candles should be lit in the evening at the entrance to the houses on each and every one of these eight nights to publicize and reveal the miracle. These days are called Chanukah. It is forbidden to eulogize and fast on them, as on the days of Purim. Lighting the candles on these days is a Rabbinic mitzvah, like the reading of the Megillah.

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Page 10: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

כקריאת המגילה.

Source 17: Rambam, Hilchot Tefilah 2:13

בחנוכה ובפורים מוסיפין בהודאה עלהניסים

On Chanukah and Purim we add “Al Hanisim” into the blessing of “Hoda’a…”

Source 18: Mishnet Ya’avetz

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Page 11: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

Al Hanism is not an enactment specific to Chanukah; it’s a law in Hilchot Tefilah that, as with Purim, flows from the

nature of the day

Ya’avetz encourages us to revisit an earlier source: Rambam Megilah and Chanukah 4:12

מצות נר חנוכה מצוהמאד עד היא חביבה להזהר אדם וצריך בה כדי להודיע הנס ולהוסיף בשבח האל והודיה לו על הנסים

, אפילו איןשעשה לנומן יאכל אלא לו מה או שואל הצדקה ולוקח כסותו מוכר

.שמן ונרות ומדליק

The mitzvah of kindling Chanukah

lamps is very dear. A person should be very careful in its observance to publicize the miracle and thus increase our praise of God and our expression of thanks for the miracles which He wrought on our behalf. Even if a person has no

resources for food except [what he

receives] from charity, he should

pawn or sell his garments and

purchase oil and lamps to kindle

them [in fulfillment of the mitzvah].2

Source 20: Gemara Shabbat 21b

Our תנו רבנן: מצות חנוכה נר Rabbis taught: The precept of Hanukkah [demands] one light for a

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Page 12: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

איש וביתו. והמהדרין - נר לכל אחד ואחד. והמהדריןשמאי בית המהדרין, מן אומרים: יום ראשון מדליקפוחת ואילך שמנה, מכאן והולך; ובית הלל אומרים:אחת, מדליק ראשון יום .מכאן ואילך מוסיף והולך

man and his household;10  the zealous [kindle] a light for each member [of the household]; and the extremely zealous, — Beth Shammai maintain: On the first day eight lights are lit and thereafter they are gradually reduced;11  but Beth Hillel say: On the first day one is lit and thereafter they are progressively increased.12 

Source 21: Ohr Sameach on Rambam 4:12 יב[ ולוקח שמן ונרות כו'.]

פירוש גם לההדור והתוספות, וזה שאמר להוסיף בשבח.כו'

And he should buy oil and candles..

Meaning: also for the beautification of and to add, and this is was he meant when he said, “…and thus increase his praise of G-d”

Yaavetz continued

…That means: that the beautification of the Ner Chanukah mitzvah is to add their praise of G-d for the miracles he did for us, and that is because the very lighting of the Ner Chanukah is for giving thanks for the miracle.

But why didn’t Rambam say so explicitly? Another look…

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Page 13: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

Source 22: Rambam, Megilah and Chanukah 2:5

הקורא את המגילה בלא כוונה לא יצא, כיצד היה כותבה או דורשה או מגיהה אם כיון לבו לצאת בקריאה זו יצא ואם לא

כיון לבו לא יצא One who reads the Megilah without Kavana/intent has not fulfilled the mitzvah. How so? If he was writing it or explaining it or checking it – if he directed his mind to fulfill the mitzvah with this reading, he has fulfilled the mitzvah, and if he has not, he has not fulfilled the mitzvah.

Source 23: Maggid Mishna

פירש רבינו אם כוון לבו לצאת כפי דבריו שפסק פ' ב' מהל' שופר דבעינן

כוונה לצאת ואולי שהכל מודיםבמגילה:

If he had intent to fulfill the mitzvah: This is in accordance with what he ruled in the second chapter of the laws of the shofar, that you need intent to fulfill the mitzvah. Maybe everyone agrees when it comes to Megilah

Source 24: Shulchan Aruch Orach Chayim 60:4

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Page 14: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

* )ז( י"א שאין מצות צריכות כוונה, * וי"א )ח( שצריכות כוונה * )ט( לצאת

בעשיית אותה מצוה, * )י( ג ]ב[ וכןהלכה.

There are those that say that mitzvot do not need intent, and there are those that say they do need intent to fulfill the

mitzvah. The latter view is the correct halacha

Commentary of Magen Avraham:

This is only true in Torah, not rabbinic mitzvot

Ya’avetz:

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Page 15: · Web viewWhy did they only mention Hallel and Hoda’a? Why did the Talmud not mention the very lighting of the Chanukah candles – which is the main mitzvah of Chanukah? He answers:

The mitzvah of Megilah is to publicize the miracle..and based on what we’ve explained, the publication of the miracle is the very thanksgiving for the miracle, ie that we thank G-d for the miracle through publicizing the miracle. That’s why reading the Megilah requires intent/kavanna, because the status of thanksgiving for the miracle is only achieved when one has in mind that it is for the sake of the mitzvah, but if one read the Megilah in a rote fashion, the is not considered a “hoda’a”, because he is not having that Hoda’a in

mind

This is the very point of why the Gemara used the language that it did…

And it also explains the Rambam’s choice of words

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