Subject Specific Vocabulary Exciting Books

archaeologist People who discover our history by lookingat artefacts that have been found.

Viking raids A sudden armed attack by Vikings withthe aim of causing damage rather thanoccupying any of the enemy's land. Sticky Knowledge about

the Vikingsvicious To be intentionally harmful or nasty. Vikingswarriors were known to often be vicious.

longhouse A large hall-like building where manyViking families would live together.

The Vikings first invaded Britain in 866AD butnot all Vikings were warriors. Many came inpeace and become farmers.

berserkers Warriors that went to war wearing wolf orbear skins. They were out of control andcharged fearlessly. The word ‘berserk’came from it.

Days of the week The lands that the Vikings occupied were

known as Danelaw. The names for most of thedays of the week originatefrom Vikings.longship A narrow boat used by Vikings to raid

along coasts. No Vikings wore horns in their helmets.

Vikings spoke Norse, which had analphabet made up of runes.

Monday – linked to the moonby the name Mani – Norse forMoon.

Odin One of the most famous Viking Godsknown for wisdom.

Vikings lived in longhouses which were longhall like buildings where several familieswould live.

rival kings Men who want or claim to be king at thesame time and so have to fight for the title

Tuesday named after theViking God of War – Tyr.

Wednesday – named afterOdin and known as Woden’sDay.

Scandinavia The name given to a collection ofcountries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

Longships or longboats were designed tosail in both deep and shallow water so thatthey could get close to the shore and sail inrivers to get inland.Danelaw The name given to lands in Britain

occupied by the Vikings.Thursday – named after Thor,the God of thunder.

territory An area of land that belongs to aparticular country or person.

Vikings were pagans and often raidedmonasteries, looting gold.

Friday is named after Frigga,wife of Odin.

invaders People who enter a place in largenumbers without permission.

The most important Viking British city wasYork, or Jorvik as it was known by theVikings.

Jorvik The Viking name for the city of York. Yorknow has a famous Viking museum calledJorvik.

Alfred the Great was the Anglo-Saxon Kingof Wessex; he defeated the Vikings at theBattle of Edington in 878AD.conquered A place or people taken control of by

others

Vikings: UKS2 Knowledge Mat

St Giles’ CE Primary School

Anglo-Saxon/Viking Timeline

Where did the Vikings come from and where did they settle?

Subject Specific Vocabulary Each symbol represents a letteror sound

Exciting Books

glyphs Symbols used in the Mayan writingsystem. Each symbol represents aword or sound.

codices Books created by the Mayans. Theywere made of soft bark and foldedlike a fan.

Chichen Itza The Mayans most well-knownpyramid.

cacao Seeds that the Maya used to makechocolate. Sticky Knowledge about

the Mayan civilizationahau orahaw

The main king or lord of a Mayacity-state. The Mayans were expert mathematicians and

astronomers. They used this expertise to makecalendars.

batab A lesser lord, usually ruling over asmall town.

Although the Mayans had metal-working skills,metal ores were scarce. Mayans used stone toolsto carve the limestone that they used for theirbuildings.Itzamna The main god of the Maya,

Itzamna was the god of fire whocreated the Earth. Mayan religion was extremely bloodthirsty,

demanding human sacrifices and blood-lettingrituals. The Mayans believed in an afterlife and thatthose who were sacrificed, as well as those killed inwar and women who died in childbirth, went to‘the place of misty sky’.

huipil A traditional garment worn byMaya women.

Kin Word representing a day in theMaya calendar.

At the top of Mayan society was the king and royalfamily who were believed to be closely linked tothe gods. An educated elite of scribes, priests andnobles formed the ruling class. They occupied thefinest buildings in the city.

Kukulcan The serpent god of the Maya. Oneof the primary gods, especially tothe Itza peoples of Chichen Itza.

Uinal Word for a month in the Mayacalendar. It was 20 days long.

Mayan society was formed of a number of citystates each with their own ruler.

Mayan Civilisation: KS2 Knowledge Mat

Mayans. The Mayan, orMaya, peoples madetheir home in an areaknown as Mesoamerica(modern day Mexico andCentral America). Mayanculture was wellestablished by 1000 BCE,and it lasted until 1697.

St Giles’ CE Primary School

Plantagenets

Tudors

Stuarts

Normans

Georgians

Victorians

Windsors

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient MayaAncient Greece Roman Britain

Anglo-SaxonsVikings

World Map showing location of MayanCivilisation in Central America

Map of Ancient Maya Map of Modern Central America

Crime and Punishment KS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Sticky Knowledge

Crime and PunishmentExciting Books

tithings A tithing was a group of ten people. Everyone had tobe a member of a tithing and each had to takeresponsibility for the others so if one person brokethe law , the others had to make sure that justice wasserved or they would be punished too.

Romans had courts, judge, jury andlawyers as we do today.

wergild Wergild is the value of a man's life, payable to hisfamily by his murderer.

Roman Laws were called the TwelveTables.

trial by ordeal This was an ancient practice which determined theguilt or innocence of the accused by subjecting themto a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usuallydangerous experience.

Typical Anglo Saxon punishments werestoning, drowning, hanging, branding,stocks, whip, exile, mutilation or paying afine; and would be public.hue and cry Raising the hue and cry meant calling on fellow

villagers to chase a criminal. If villagers failed to jointhen the village could be fined. Where an Anglo Saxon court couldn’t

decide if the defendant were guilty, theyused trial by ordeal so God would decide.

transportation Transportation was an alternative punishment tohanging. Convicted criminals were transported to thecolonies to serve their prison sentences.

hard labour ' Hard Labour' used prisoners as the main work forcein quarrying, building roads or labouring on the docks.

Torture and the death penalty were a largepart of the Tudor justice system. Local Facts

pillory A pillory is a wooden frame with cutouts forsomeone's head and hands.

In Victorian times, Robert Peel introducedthe police force (Peelers).

1795 - on 15th August, the first publichanging was held at the newShrewsbury Gaol. John Smith (25) washanged for stealing 10 cottonhandkerchiefs from the shop of JohnMiner in the parish of Whitchurch.

crucifixion The victim was tied or nailed to a large wooden beamand left to hang

oath-keeper Someone who would swear the innocence ofsomeone accused of committing a crime.

During Victorian times, prison became themain form of punishment.

tread wheel A torture device for prisoners – similar to treadmillsused today. Court – A place where a group of people, including

a judge, who bring people to justice.

1961 - on 9th February, the lasthanging was held at Shrewsbury Gaol.George Riley (21) was hanged for therobbery and murder of Adeline Smith(62).

exile Roman criminals might be sent into exile rather thanput to death. They lost their citizenship and property. Judge – A person who oversees proceedings and

decides on any punishment.crank The crank was a handle attached to a drum whichturned and was used by Victorians to punish criminals.

There has been a prison in Shrewsburysince 1793, the original building wasdesigned by John Haycock and builtby Thomas Telford. The present prisonbuilding was constructed in 1877.

Jury – a group of people in a court who decide onsomeone’s guilt.shot drill This was a heavy iron cannon-ball which prisoners had

to lift and carry repeatedly as punishment.

St Giles’ CE Primary School

Plantagenets

Tudors

Stuarts

Normans

Georgians

Victorians

Windsors

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient MayaAncient Greece Roman Britain

Anglo-SaxonsVikings

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Ancient Egypt UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Egyptian Artefacts

archaeologist People who discover our history by looking atartefacts that have been found.

civilisation This is a community of people living togetherwhich has laws, culture, a regular way ofgetting food and protecting the people.

pharaohs The word pharaoh originally meant ‘greathouse’, but came to mean the person whoresided in it.

tombs Ancient Egypt is known for its magnificentand beautiful tombs. The most well known arewithin the pyramids in the Valley of the Kings.

pyramid A geometrical term that refers to part of theburial complexes for Egyptian pharaohs. Sticky Egyptianknowledgehieroglyphs

The term hieroglyph refers to the fact that it iscarving for sacred things, but hieroglyphswere also written on papyrus.

Ancient Egypt spanned over a period of 3-4000 years.

vizier The vizier in ancient Egypt was the mostpowerful position after the king. A vizier wasthe equivalent of a modern day primeminister.

Ancient Egypt spanned over a period of 3-4000 years.Egypt was split into 2 parts: Red land (desert) andBlack land (fertile soil created by the flooding of theNile and the silt left behind).

Exciting booksscribe A scribe recorded in writing the everyday lifeand extraordinary happenings in ancient

Egypt.Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of Egypt before theRomans took over.sarcophagus Sarcophagus is a Greek word meaning flesh-eating and refers to the mummy case.Tutankhamen was known as the boy king, famousbecause his tomb was found in 1922.mummification

This is a process where the flesh and skin of acorpse are preserved.

papyrus An Egyptian plant whose reeds are slit andplaced in layers in order to form paper.There were over 2000 Egyptian Gods; most were inhuman form and some had the heads of animals

scarab Scarabs are amulets (small objects that werethought to be magical or brought protection)formed to look like the dung beetle.

Pharaohs were buried with their treasure in the Valleyof the Kings.

chamber In Ancient Egypt the word chamber refers toa room often in a tomb or pyramid.The Egyptians were the first civilization to inventwriting using hieroglyphics.

scarab

sphinx

deathmask

St Giles’ CE Primary School

Plantagenets

Tudors

Stuarts

Normans

Georgians

Victorians

Windsors

01000BC2000BC3000BC 1000AD 2000AD

Ancient Egypt

Ancient MayaAncient Greece Roman Britain

Anglo-SaxonsVikings

Map of Egypt Map showing position of Egypt in Africa

Canopic jars were used to store the organs ofthe person being mummified. Each jar held adifferent organ.

Subject SpecificVocabulary

Sticky Knowledge War Timeline1st

September

1939

Germany invaded Poland. Britain insisted

Germany withdraw troops from Poland. The

Germans refuse. Britain declared war on

3rd Sep 1939. Britain initially responded with

bombing raids over Germany.

World War 2 was a battle between two groups ofcountries – the ‘Allies’ and the ‘Axis’. The major Alliedpowers were Britain, France, Russia, China and theUnited States. The major Axis powers were Germany,Italy and Japan.

axis

Countries which fought on

the German side including

Italy, Germany and Japan.1939

Onwards

Children were evacuated from cities

expected to be bombed as enemy planes

targeted factories etc. Children were

evacuated to the countryside.allies

Countries which fought on

the British side including USA,

Great Britain, France and

Russia.

Adolf Hitler, together with the Nazi Party, wanted

Germany to rule Europe. To gain more land and

power, on 1 September 1939 German troops invaded

Poland. After Hitler refused to stop the invasion, Britain

and France declared war on Germany on 3 September

1939.

10th May

1940

Chamberlain resigned and Winston Churchill

was chosen to be his successor as Prime

Minister on May 10, 1940.

NaziMember of the German

political group which came

to power in 1933.June 1940 Evacuation of Dunkirk: Large numbers of

troops were surrounded by Germans at the

French coastal town of Dunkirk. 338, 226 were

saved by a fleet of 800 boats. This is known as

the ‘Miracle of Dunkirk’.

Two days before war was declared,1 September,

children were evacuated from the large cities.evacuationOrganised movement of

children from towns and

cities to safe zones.For the first 8 months of the war there was very little

military action. This was called the Phony War.evacuee

Someone who was

evacuated, moved from a

place of danger.

6th June

1944

D-Day: The Normandy landings were a series

of landing operations by the Allies to claim

Europe. It was the largest seaborne

operation in history.On 7 September 1940, Germany started a massive

bombing campaign on civilian targets in London in an

attempt to get Britain to surrender. This was called the

Blitz.

BlitzA series of bombing raids on

the UK. 7th May1945

Germany surrenders:

The Allies had forced the surrender of Axis

troops in Europe. On 7th May 1945 Germany

surrender to the Allies – the end of war in

Europe.propaganda

Misleading or biased

information used to promote

a particular cause or point

of view.

The US didn’t join the war until 1941, when Japan

attacked the United States at their Naval Base at Pearl

Harbour in Hawaii. 8th May1945

VE Day.

The VE in VE Day stands for Victory in Europe.

It was the public holiday of 8th May 1945 to

mark the defeat of Germany by the Allied

forces in World War 2.refugees

A person who has been

forced to leave their country

in order to escape war.

Some countries remained ‘neutral’ in World War 2.

Such countries were Spain, Sweden and Switzerland –

who chose not to join either side.

blackout

A policy to keep light to a

minimum at night to prevent

enemy pilots seeing bomb

targets.

6th August

1945

Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

Japan refused to surrender, threatening to

fight on. The US considered invasion but this

would have led to deaths of 500,000. On the

9th Aug, the US dropped an atomic bomb on

Nagasaki.

On 6 June 1944, an Allied army crossed from Britain to

free France from Nazi rule. This was known as the D-

day landings.

Home frontThe activities of civilians in a

nation at war.Allied armies invaded Germany, forcing the Germans

to surrender on 8 May 1945. After nuclear attacks on

Japan’s major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan

also surrendered to Allied forces in August the same

year. World War 2 had ended.

15th August

1945

End of WW2 .

The surrender of Japan was announced on

August 15th 1945.

World War 2: KS2 Knowledge Mat

St Giles’ CE Primary School

Neville Chamberlain Adolf Hitler Winston Churchill

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World War I1914 - 1918

World War II1939 - 1945

Key Figures

A Simple Time Line

Subject Specific Vocabulary Sticky Knowledgeabout LocalArchitects

Houses throughHistoryarchitecture People who discover our history by looking at

artefacts that have been found.

facade An exterior wall, or face, of a building. The frontfacade of a building contains the building’s mainentrance

Roger de Montgomery built ShrewsburyCastle in 1074. He also foundedShrewsbury Abbey as a Benedictinemonastery in 1083.

Normans lived in housesmade with a wood framethat was covered in 'wattleand daub‘. They also builtcastles, monasteries, abbeys,

churches and cathedrals, ina style characterised byrounded arches (particularlyover windows anddoorways).

half-timbered

The term "half-timbering" refers to the fact that thelogs used to make timber frames for buildings werehalved, or a least cut down to a square innersection. Walls are filled in between the structuraltimbers, often with wattle and daub. Robert de Belleme, son of Roger de

Montgomery and builder of BridgnorthCastle, was responsible for buildingShrewsbury's ancient town wallsbetween 1110 and 1135 as defensivewalls.

wattle anddaub

Wattle is the intertwined sticks that are placed in awall between posts. Daub is a mixture of clay,sand and dung that is smeared (daubed) into andover the wattle to make the wall.

lintel A lintel is a horizontal block between two verticalsupports. It can be a decorative and/or structuralitem. It is often found over doors, windows andfireplaces.

Tudor houses had white wallsand wood beams coatedwith black tar. They hadchimneys and glass windows.

Charles Bage was an English architect,born in Derby. He was the designer ofthe first ever iron framed building,the Ditherington Flax Mill in Shrewsburybuilt between 1796 and 1797. Thetechnology that Bage developedmakes him a pioneer of what wouldbecome modern sky scrapertechnology. "Bage Way“ is named afterhim.

cornice A cornice is decorative trim located at themeeting point between walls and a roof orceiling. Cornices are used on building exteriorsand interiors. On the outside of structures,a cornice is located where the wall meets the roof.

Stuarts lived in flat-fronted,bare brick built houses withsash windows. They wouldhave small rooms at the topof the house for the servants.

pediment This is a triangular area on the face of a buildingbelow the roof, above an entrance

gable The triangular upper part of a wall at the end of aridged roof

Victorian transport andmanufacturing meant thatbrick could be used to build.Some houses had fancy brickpatterns and stained glass.They had windows that stickout, called bay windows.City workers lived in two-storyhouses built together in arow.

bell roof A roof shaped like a bell, and typically situated ontop of a round tower.

Augustus Pugin designed the RomanCatholic Cathedral in Shrewsbury butdied before it was built. His son, EdwardPugin, completed the building whichincludes a bellcote instead of a spire. Itwas opened in 1856.

parapet A low protective wall along the edge of a roof,bridge, or balcony

buttress A structure of stone or brick built against a wall tostrengthen or support it

Shropshire Architecture UKS2 Knowledge Mat

St Giles’ CE Primary School

Rowley’s house - 1500 Shrewsbury Library - 1550 Old Market Hall - 1596 English Bridge - 1779

St. Chads - 1792 Railway Station - 1848Flax Mill and Maltings - 1797

St. Mary’s Church - 1180Shrewsbury Castle - 1070 St. Giles’ Church - 1136The Abbey - 1083

Catholic Cathedral - 1856

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