vinificarea strugurilor

23
2%,(&7,9(850 5,7( &RUHODUHD QR LXQLORU DFXPXODWH GLQ UDPXUD YLWLFXOWXULL FX FHOH FH DSDU RGDW FX SDUFXUJHUHD HWDSHORU GH IHUPHQWDUH D VXFXOXL GH VWUXJXUL 6H GRUHœWH IL[DUHD VXFFHVLXQLL RSHUD LLORU GH SUHOXFUDUH D PDWHULHL SULPH SDUDOHOH FX WUDQVIRUP ULOH ELRFKLPLFH DOH VXFXOXL PXVWXOXLHYLGHQ LLQGX-VHHOHPHQWHOHOHJDWHGHUDQGDPHQWHGHIDEULFD LH REZUMAT $FHVW FDSLWRO vQFHSH FX XQ WUXQFKL FRPXQ GH HOHPHQWH GLQ YLWLFXOWXU œL YLQLILFD LH HYLGHQ LLQGX-se aspectele legate deprHOXFUDUHD XOWHULRDU D VWUXJXULORU ’XS H[SXQHUHD VXFFHVLXQLL RSHUD LLORU GH WUDQVIRUPDUH D PDWHULHL SULPH –strugure în produs semifabricat-must, VH FRQWLQX GHWDOLHUHD SUHJ WLULL SURFHVXOXL GH IHUPHQWD LH DOFRROLF SDUDOHO FX WUDQVIRUP ULOH GH VWUXFWXU ce au loc în must. 6HWUDWHD] GHDVHPHQHDGLIHUHQ LDWSUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORUDOELGHFHLURœLLœLDURPD L CUVINTE SAU EXPRESII CHEIE:ERWULWL]DUHDVWUXJXULORUœLPXVWXLDOD 9 1. STRUGURII –0$7(5,(35,0 3(17589,1,),&$ ,( Ca în oricare indusWULH œL vQ LQGXVWULD YLQLFRO FXQRDœWHUHD PDWHULHL SULPH HVWH DEVROXW QHFHVDU vQWUXFkW QXPDL DœD HD SRDWH IL IRORVLW vQ PRGXO FHO PDL DYDQWDMRV 5DPXUD GH œWLLQ FDUHVHRFXS FXVWXGLXOVWUXJXUHOXLSULYLQGX-OFDPDWHULHSULP SHQWUXWUDQVIRUPDUHDOXL într-un SURGXVRDUHFDUHHVWHGHVHPQDW VXEQXPHOHGHXYRORJLHXYDVWUXJXUHœLORJRVYRUELUH ÌQ FDGUXO XYRORJLHL VH VWXGLD] S U LOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH VWUXJXUHOXL UDSRUWXULOH FDQWLWDWLYH œL QXPHULFH FH H[LVW vQWUH DFHVWHD œL FRPSR]L LD ORU FKLPLF 3ULYLW GLQ DFHVW SXQFW GH YHGHUH XYRORJLD DUH IRDUWH PDUH LPSRUWDQ vQWUXFkW FX DMXWRUXO HL VH SRDWH VWDELOL vQ PRG œWLLQ LILF SHQWUX ILHFDUH VRL GLUHF LD GH IRORVLQ FHD PDL DGHFYDW VWUXJXUL GH PDV SHQWUX VWDILGH VDX struguri pentru vin) în carH VH SRW UHDOL]D SURGXVH GH EXQ FDOLWDWH œL FX HILFLHQ HFRQRPLF PD[LP ’H DVHPHQHD FDUDFWHUL]DUHD XYRORJLF DMXW OD DVRFLHUHD VRLXULORU vQ VRUWLPHQWH WHKQRORJLFHœLvQJ GXLHRHQRORJXOXLV VWDELOHDVF FHOHPDLFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHVFKHPHWHKQRORJLFH VI NI FI CAREA STRUGURI LOR

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Page 1: vinificarea strugurilor

2%,(&7,9(�850 5,7( &RUHODUHD� QR LXQLORU� DFXPXODWH� GLQ� UDPXUD� YLWLFXOWXULL� FX� FHOH� FH� DSDU� RGDW � FX�SDUFXUJHUHD� HWDSHORU� GH� IHUPHQWDUH� D� VXFXOXL� GH� VWUXJXUL�� 6H� GRUHúWH� IL[DUHD� VXFFHVLXQLL�RSHUD LLORU� GH� SUHOXFUDUH� D�PDWHULHL� SULPH� SDUDOHOH� FX� WUDQVIRUP ULOH� ELRFKLPLFH� DOH� VXFXOXL� –PXVWXOXL��HYLGHQ LLQGX-VH�HOHPHQWHOH�OHJDWH�GH�UDQGDPHQWH�GH�IDEULFD LH� REZUMAT $FHVW� FDSLWRO� vQFHSH� FX� XQ� WUXQFKL� FRPXQ� GH� HOHPHQWH� GLQ� YLWLFXOWXU � úL� YLQLILFD LH��HYLGHQ LLQGX-se aspectele legate deprHOXFUDUHD� XOWHULRDU � D� VWUXJXULORU�� 'XS � H[SXQHUHD�VXFFHVLXQLL�RSHUD LLORU�GH� WUDQVIRUPDUH�D�PDWHULHL�SULPH�–strugure în produs semifabricat-must, VH�FRQWLQX �GHWDOLHUHD�SUHJ WLULL�SURFHVXOXL�GH�IHUPHQWD LH�DOFRROLF �SDUDOHO�FX�WUDQVIRUP ULOH�GH�VWUXFWXU �ce au loc în must. 6H�WUDWHD] �GH�DVHPHQHD�GLIHUHQ LDW�SUHOXFUDUHD�VWUXJXULORU�DOEL�GH�FHL�URúLL�úL�DURPD L� CUVINTE SAU EXPRESII CHEIE:��ERWULWL]DUHD�VWUXJXULORU�úL�PXVWXLDOD�

9

1. STRUGURII –�0$7(5,(�35,0 �3(1758�9,1,),&$ ,(

Ca în oricare indusWULH� úL� vQ� LQGXVWULD� YLQLFRO � FXQRDúWHUHD�PDWHULHL� SULPH� HVWH� DEVROXW�QHFHVDU �� vQWUXFkW�QXPDL�DúD�HD�SRDWH�IL�IRORVLW � vQ�PRGXO�FHO�PDL�DYDQWDMRV��5DPXUD�GH�úWLLQ �FDUH�VH�RFXS �FX�VWXGLXO�VWUXJXUHOXL��SULYLQGX-O�FD�PDWHULH�SULP �SHQWUX�WUDQVIRUPDUHD�OXL într-un SURGXV�RDUHFDUH��HVWH�GHVHPQDW �VXE�QXPHOH�GH�XYRORJLH��XYD� �VWUXJXUH�úL�ORJRV� �YRUELUH�� ÌQ�FDGUXO�XYRORJLHL�VH�VWXGLD] �S U LOH�FRPSRQHQWH�DOH�VWUXJXUHOXL��UDSRUWXULOH�FDQWLWDWLYH�úL�QXPHULFH�FH�H[LVW �vQWUH�DFHVWHD�úL�FRPSR]L LD�ORU�FKLPLF ��3ULYLW �GLQ�DFHVW�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH��XYRORJLD� DUH� IRDUWH� PDUH� LPSRUWDQ � vQWUXFkW� FX� DMXWRUXO� HL� VH� SRDWH� VWDELOL� vQ� PRG� úWLLQ LILF��SHQWUX� ILHFDUH� VRL�� GLUHF LD� GH� IRORVLQ �FHD�PDL� DGHFYDW � �VWUXJXUL� GH�PDV �� SHQWUX�VWDILGH� VDX�struguri pentru vin) în carH� VH� SRW� UHDOL]D� SURGXVH� GH� EXQ � FDOLWDWH� úL� FX� HILFLHQ � HFRQRPLF �PD[LP �� 'H� DVHPHQHD�� FDUDFWHUL]DUHD� XYRORJLF � DMXW � OD� DVRFLHUHD� VRLXULORU� vQ� VRUWLPHQWH�WHKQRORJLFH�úL�vQJ GXLH�RHQRORJXOXL�V �VWDELOHDVF �FHOH�PDL�FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH�VFKHPH�WHKQRORJLFH

VI NI FI CAREA STRUGURI LOR

Page 2: vinificarea strugurilor

de�SUHOXFUDUH�D�VWUXJXULORU�vQ�YHGHUHD�RE LQHULL�XQRU�FDWHJRULL�úL�WLSXUL�GH�YLQ�VDX�D�DOWRU�SURGXVH�SH� ED] � GH� VWUXJXUL��PXVW� úL� YLQ�� ÌQ� ILQH�� XYRORJLD� SHUPLWH� V � VH� FRPSDUH� LQGLFLL� FDQWLWDWLYL� úL�calitativi ai produsului finit cu cei ai materiei prime din care a provenit, asigurând astfel SRVLELOLWDWHD�H[HUFLW ULL�XQXL�FRQWURO�ULJXURV�DVXSUD�SURFHVXOXL�GH�SURGXF LH�

�����3 U LOH�FRQVWLWXHQWH�DOH�VWUXJXUHOXL�úL�FRUHOD LD�GLQWUH�HOH

'LQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�PRUIRORJLF��VWUXJXUHOH�S VWUHD] �DFHHDúL�DOF WXLUH�FD�úL�LQIORUHVFHQ D�GLQ�FDUH�SURYLQH��UDFHP�FRPSXV���ILLQG�FRQVWLWXLW�GLQ�GRX �S U L�GLVWLQFWH��FLRUFKLQHOH�úL�ERDEHOH� &LRUFKLQHOH��QXPLW�úL�VFKHOHWXO�VWUXJXUHOXL��HVWH�IRUPDW�GLQWU-un ax principal pe care sunt LQVHUDWH�UDPLILFD LL�GH�RUGLQXO�,,��LDU�SH�DFHVWHD�GH�RUGLQXO�,,,�úL�PDL�UDU�GH�RUGLQXO�,9��,QVHUDUHD�ERDEHL�OD�FLRUFKLQH�VH�IDFH�SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�XQHL�FRGL H��QXPLW �SHGLFHO��vQ�YkUIXO�F UHLD�VH�DIO �EXUHOHWXO��UH]XOWDW�SULQ�VSRULUHD�GLPHQVLXQLORU�UHFHSWDFROXOXL��ÌQ�IXQF LH�GH�VRL��JUDGXO�GH�FRDFHUH�úL�VWDUHD�ILWRVDQLWDU �D�UHFROWHL��FLRUFKLQLL�UHSUH]LQW ��-10% din greutatea strugurilor. Boaba sau fructul propriu-]LV�HVWH�R�EDF �DOF WXLW �GLQ�SLHOL ��PLH]�úL�VHPLQ H��ÌQ�UDSRUW�GH�JUHXWDWHD�VWUXJXUHOXL��ERDEHOH�UHSUH]LQW ���-98% . 3LHOL D sau epicarpXO�UHSUH]LQW ��-����GLQ�JUHXWDWHD�ERDEHL�úL�HVWH�DOF WXLW �GLQ�HSLGHUP �úL�KLSRGHUP ��(SLGHUPD�HVWH�FRQVWLWXLW �GLQWU-XQ�VLQJXU�VWUDW�GH�FHOXOH�FX�SHUH LL�H[WHUQL�vQJURúD L�DFRSHUL L�GH�FXWLFXO �úL�XQ�VWUDW�GH�FHDU �FH�FRQVWLWXLH�DúD�QXPLWD�SUXLQ ��+LSRGHUPD�HVWH�IRUPDW �din 7-���VWUDWXUL�GH�FHOXOH�DOXQJLWH��ERJDWH�vQ�VXEVWDQ H�RGRUDQWH��WDQDQWH�úL�FRORUDQWH� Miezul sau pulpa�� HVWH�DOF WXLW�GLQ�PH]RFDUS�úL�HQGRFDUS��Mezocarpul este format din 11-16 straturi de celule pline aproape în totalitate, cu suc vacuolar (must) bogat în zaharuri, acizi RUJDQLFL�� V UXUL�PLQHUDOH�HWF��&LWRSODVPD�� vQ�FDUH�HVWH�VLWXD�QXFOHXO�� VH�J VHúWH�VXE� IRUPD�XQXL�VWUDW� VXE LUH� OLSLW� GH� SHUH LL� FHOXOHL�� /D� FRDFHUH�� ODPHOD� PHGLDQ �� ILLQG� GH� QDWXU � SHFWLF �� VH�JHOLILF ��ÌQ�YHFLQ WDWHD�VHPLQ HORU��FHOXOHOH�VXQW�PDL�PLFL��DOXQJLWH��GHQVH�úL�PDL�SX LQ�ERJDWH�vQ�]DKDUXUL�� HOH� DOF WXLHVF� ³LQLPD´� ERDEHL� VDX� HQGRFDUSXO� FDUH� SUDFWLF� QX� VH� GLVWLQJH� GH� UHVWXO�SXOSHL�� /D�PDWXULWDWHD� GHSOLQ �� SXOSD� UHSUH]LQW � ��-88% din greutatea boabei, iar resturile de SHUH L�FHOXODUL�úL�GH�IDVFLFXOH�OLEHUR-OHPQRDVH��FDUH�FRQVWLWXLH�SDUWHD�VROLG �D�PLH]XOXL��UHSUH]LQW �SkQ �OD������GLQ�JUHXWDWHD�OXL� 6HPLQ HOH�UHSUH]LQW ��-6% din greutatea boabei. 7RDWH�DFHVWH�S U L�FRQVWLWXWLYH�DOH�VWUXJXUHOXL�úL�ERDEHL��GHRVHEite între ele din punct de YHGHUH� PRUIRORJLF� úL� IL]LRORJLF�� VXQW� GHQXPLWH� XQLW L� XYRORJLFH�� 'HWHUPLQDUHD� ORU� VXE� UDSRUW�JUDYLPHWULF�úL�QXPHULF�úL�D�UDSRUWXULORU�vQ�FDUH�VH�J VHVF�XQHOH�ID �GH�DOWHOH�FRQVWLWXLH�RELHFWXO�analizei mecanice a strugurilor. Pe�ED]D�GDWHORU�RE LQXWH�GLQ�DFHDVW �DQDOL] ��HIHFWXDW �RELúQXLW�FX�DMXWRUXO�XQRU�EDODQ H�WHKQLFH��VH�FDOFXOHD] �R�VHULH�GH�LQGLFL�XYRORJLFL�GLQWUH�FDUH�PDL�LPSRUWDQ L�VXQW�� LQGLFHOH� GH� VWUXFWXU � D� VWUXJXUHOXL�� LQGLFHOH� ERDEHL�� LQGLFHOH� GH� FRPSR]L LH� D� ERDEHL� úL�indicele de randament.

,QGLFHOH�GH�VWUXFWXU �DO�VWUXJXUHOXL este dat de raportul uiciorchinel

boabelor

greutatea

greutatea úL�

SUH]LQW �YDORUL�FXSULQVH�vQWUH����úL�����YDORULOH�PLFL�ILLQG�FDUDFWHULVWLFH�VRLXULORU�GH�YLQ��LDU�FHOH�mari sunt proprii strugurilor pentru maV � Indicele boabei�� UHVSHFWLY� QXP UXO� GH� ERDEH� OD� ���� J� VWUXJXUL�� HVWH�PLF� OD� VRLXULOH� GH�PDV ��XQGH�SRDWH�V �FRERDUH�SkQ �OD����úL�PDUH�OD�VRLXULOH�GH�YLQ��XQGH�XQHRUL�GHS úHúWH�����

,QGLFHOH�GH�FRPSR]L LH�DO�ERDEHL, dat de raportul semintelorgreutateapieliteigreutatea

miezuluigreutatea

+

are valori cuprinse între 10-���OD�VRLXULOH�SHQWUX�PDV �úL�vQWUH��-8 la cele pentru vin. Indicele de randament, rezultat din raportul greutatea mustului/ greutatea tescovinei, poate varia de la 2,5 la 5, cu o valoare medie GH����ILLQG�PDL�SX LQ�FDUDFWHULVWLF�FD�V �ILH�OXDW�GUHSW�

Page 3: vinificarea strugurilor

FULWHULX� GH� GHRVHELUH� D� VRLXULORU� GH� YLQ� GH� FHOH� GH� PDV �� ÌQ� VFKLPE�� DO WXUL� GH� LQGLFHOH� GH�FRPSR]L LH�DO�ERDEHL��HO�RJOLQGHúWH�ILGHO� UDSRUWXO� vQWUH�HOHPHQWHOH�SODVWLFH�úL�FHOH�PHFDQLFH�DOH�strugurelui.

1.2. Recoltarea strugurilor 1.2.1. Stabilirea momentului optim de cules

Problema stabiliri momentului optim de recoltare a constituit obiectul de studiu a multor FHUFHW WRUL�� ÌQ�SULQFLSLX��HD� UH]LG � vQ�FXQRDúWHUHD� úL�DOHJHUHa acelei date în cursul perioadei de FRDFHUH� vQ� FDUH� VWUXJXULL� DX� DMXQV� V � FRUHVSXQG � VFRSXOXL� SHQWUX� FDUH� VXQW� GHVWLQD L��$OHJHUHD�MXGLFLRDV �D�DFHVWXL�PRPHQW�QX�HVWH�R�RSHUD LXQH�DúD�GH�XúRDU ��vQWUXFkW�DFHVWD�HVWH�GHWHUPLQDW�GH�QXPHURúL�IDFWRUL��GLQWUH�FDUH�R� LPSRUWDQ �GHRVHELW �SUH]LQW � VWDUHD�GH�PDWXULWDWH�D�VWUXJXULORU��VWDUHD�ORU�GH�V Q WDWH��FRQGL LLOH�HFRQRPLFH��PRGXO�GH�UHFROWDUH�HWF�

� Starea de maturitate a strugurilor

3ULPXO�IDFWRU�FDUH�FRQGL LRQHD] �FDOLWDWHD�VWUXJXULORU�HVWH��DúD�FXP�V-D�DU tat, starea lor de PDWXULWDWH��ÌQFHUFDUHD�GH�D�GHILQL�ULJXURV�DFHDVW �QR LXQH�HVWH�GHVWXO�GH�DQHYRLRDV ��vQWUXFkW�SH�GH�R�SDUWH��SURFHVXO�GH�PDWXUD LH� vQ�DQVDPEOXO�V X�HVWH�FRPSOH[�úL�FRQGL LRQDW�GH�R�SOXUDOLWDWH�GH�IDFWRUL�� LDU�SH�GH�DOW �SDUWH�� vQV úL�VWDUHD�GH�PDWXULWDWH�GLIHU �vQ�IXQF LH�GH�GHVWLQD LD�FDUH�VH�G �VWUXJXULORU��SUHFXP�úL�GH�FDOLWDWHD�SURGXVHORU�FH�WUHEXLH�RE LQXWH�GLQ�SUHOXFUDUHD�ORU�

� 0DWXULWDWHD�IL]LRORJLF $FHDVW �QR LXQH�VH�UHIHU �PDL�DOHV�OD�VHPLQ H��6H�FRQVLGHU �F �VWUXJXULL�DX�DWLQV�DFHDVW �VWDUH�GH�PDWXULWDWH�vQ�PRPHQWXO�FkQG�VHPLQ HOH�GLQ�ERDEH�úL-DX�vQFHWDW�FUHúWHUHD�úL�DX�GREkQGLW�SRVLELOLWDWH� GH� D� JHUPLQD�� /D� VRLXULOH� D� F URU� VWUXJXUL� VH� FRF� WkU]LX�� PDWXULWDWHD� IL]LRORJLF ��PDWXULWDWHD� VHPLQ HL�� HVWH� DWLQV � GH� RELFHL� FHYD� PDL� vQDLQWH�� DVWIHO� vQFkW�� SkQ � OD� UHFROWDUHD�VWUXJXULORU��VHPLQ HOH� vQFHS�V �FHGH]H�VXEVWDQ H�SXOSHL�FDUH� OH� vQFRQMRDU ��/D�VRLXULOH�DOH�F URU�VWUXJXUL�VH�FRF�WLPSXULX��XQHOH�VRLXUL�GH�PDV ���SXOSD�VH�PDWXUHD] �PDL�UHSHGH�GHFkW�VHPLQ HOH��încât, acestea din urP �� GREkQGHVF� PDL� JUHX� SRVLELOLWDWHD� GH� D� JHUPLQD�� GHRDUHFH� DSRUWXO�VXEVWDQ HORU�QHFHVDUH�SHQWUX�FRPSOHWD�ORU�GH]YROWDUH�vQFHWHD] �

� 0DWXULWDWHD�GHSOLQ

0DWXULWDWHD� GHSOLQ � VDX� PDWXULWDWHD� SXOSHL� QX� FRUHVSXQGH� vQWRWGHDXQD� FX� PDWXULWDWHD�IL]LRORJLF �� 3HQWUX� GHILQLUHD� HL� VH� UHFXUJH� OD� GHWHUPLQDUHD� GLIHULWHORU� S U L� FRQVWLWXWLYH� DOH�VWUXJXUHOXL�� OD� DQDOL]D� SULQFLSDOLORU� FRQVWLWXHQ L� DL� ERDEHL� úL� OD� VWDELOLUHD� XQRU� UDSRUWXUL� vQWUH�YDORULOH� J VLWH�� 'LQWH� WRDWH� D� DFHVWHD�� PDL� LPSRUWDQWH� úL� PDL� VLPSOX� GH� XUP ULW� VXQW�� YDULD LD�JUHXW LL� ERDEHORU�� FDUH� IXUQL]HD] � LQGLFD LL� DVXSUD� ODWXULL� FDQWLWDWLYH�� YDULD LD� FRQ LQXWXOXL� vQ�JOXFLGH��úL�DFLGLWDWH��SUHFXP�úL�VWDELOLUHD�UDSRUWXOXL�vQ�FDUH�VH�J VHVF�DFHVWHD�úL�FDUH��GH�IDSW��GDX�LQGLFD LL�DVXSUD�ODWXULL�FDOLWDWLYH�

� MDWXULWDWHD�WHKQRORJLF 0DWXULWDWHD� WHKQRORJLF �� FXQRVFXW � úL� VXE� QXPHOH� GH� PDWXULWDWH� LQGXVWULDO �� SULYHúWH�VWUXJXULL� GHVWLQD L� FD� PDWHULH� SULP � SHQWUX� YLQLILFDUH�� 6H� FRQVLGHU � F � VWUXJXULL� DX� DWLQV�PDWXULWDWHD� WHKQRORJLF �DWXQFL� FkQG�FRPSR]L LD� ORU�HVWH�RSWLP �SHQWUX�SURGXFHUHD�XQXL� DQXPLW�WLS�GH�YLQ� VDX�D�XQXL�DOW� SURGXV��3UHFL]DUHD� RELHFWLY � D�PDWXULW LL� WHKQRORJLFH� SULQ� DQDOL]H� GH�ODERUDWRU� FRQVROLGHD] �� DO WXUL� GH� VRL�� SRGJRULH� HWF��� ED]D� GH� SOHFDUH� vQ� UHDOL]DUHD� GLIHULWHORU�FDWHJRULL� úL� WLSXUL� GH� YLQ�� ÌQ� 5RPkQLD�� JDPD� YLQXULORU� FH� VH� SURGXF� ILLQG� GHVWXO� GH� ODUJ ��QHFHVLWDWHD�RE LQHULL� ORU�GLQ�VWUXJXUL�FXOHúL�OD�JUDGH�GH�PDWXULWDWH�FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH��FRQVWLWXLH�R�SUREOHP �GH�SULP�RUGLQ��3URFHGkQG�DVWIHO��VH�SRDWH�UHVSHFWD�FX�XúXULQ �SULQFLSLXO�GH�D�SURduce YLQXUL�QDWXUDOH�úL�GH�D�SOLFD�PHWRGH�úL�VXEVWDQ H�FDUH�V �QX�DIHFWH]H�QDWXUDOH HD�DFHVWRUD��3UDFWLFD�FRUHFW ULL�PXVWXULORU� QX�FRPSHQVHD] � QLFLRGDW � vQ� WRWDOLWDWH� LQVXILFLHQ HOH� GH� HFKLOLEUX�GDWRULWH�

Page 4: vinificarea strugurilor

XQHL� PDWXUD LL� GHIHFWXRDVH�� GXS � FXP� QLFL� YLQXULOH�� ³vPEXQ W LWH´� SULQ� GLIHULWH� SURFHGHH� QX�DMXQJ� OD� FDOLWDWHD� FHORU� QDWXUDOH�� 7URRVW� *��� ������ DUDW � F � ³HVWH� R� JUHúHDO � V � VH� DILUPH� F �

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Page 5: vinificarea strugurilor

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2.1. Zdrobitul strugurilor

Zdrobitul strXJXULORU� FRQVW � vQ� GLVWUXJHUHD� LQWHJULW LL� ERDEHORU� vQ� YHGHUHD� HOLEHU ULL�VXFXOXL�SH�FDUH�vO�FRQ LQ��I U �D�I UkPL D�SLHOL HOH��VHPLQ HOH�úL�FLRUFKLQLL��ÌQ�XUPD�DFHVWHL�RSHUD LL�PLFURIORUD�H[LVWHQW �SH�VWUXJXUL�HVWH�GLVSHUVDW �vQ�vQWUHDJD�PDV �GH�PXVWXLDO ��'DF �VWUXJXULL�QX�VXQW� ]GUREL L�� VXFXO� QX� VH� SRDWH� WUDQVIRUPD� vQ� YLQ�� GHRDUHFH� OHYXULOH�� SUH]HQWH� vQ� SULQFLSDO� SH�VXSUDID D�ERDEHORU��QX-úL�SRW�H[HUFLWD�DF LXQHD�ORU�DVXSUD�VXFXOXL�vQFKLV�vQ�ERDE ��$HUD LD�SURGXV �vQ� WLPSXO� ]GURELULL� IDYRUL]HD] � vQPXO LUHD� OHYXULORU�� FDUH� OD� UkQGXO� ORU�� GHWHUPLQ �R� IHUPHQWDUH�UDSLG � úL� XúRDU � D�PXVWXOXL��'H� DVHPHQHD�� GXS � ]GURELUH� UHFROWD� SRDWH� IL� XúRU� YHKLFXODW � SULQ�SRPSDUH��VXOILWDW �vQWU-XQ�PRG�PDL�RPRJHQ��LDU�PDFHUD LD��YHULJ �LPSRUWDQW �vQ�IOX[XO�WHKQRORJLF�de prodXFHUH�DO�YLQXULORU�URúLL� úL�DURPDWH��DUH� ORF� vQ�FRQGL LL�RSWLPH��GHRDUHFH�VXSUDID D�GLQWUH�ID]D�OLFKLG �úL�VROLG �HVWH�PXOW�P ULW � 2.2. Desciorchinatul strugurilor

Desciorchinatul strugurilor��QXPLW�vQF �úL�GH]EURERQLW��FRQVW �vQ�GHWDúDUHD�ERDEHORU�GH FLRUFKLQH�úL�HOLEHUDUHD�VHSDUDW �D�VXFXOXL�úL�ERDEHORU�SH�GH�R�SDUWH�úL�D�FLRUFKLQLORU�úL�UHVWXULORU�YHJHWDOH�SH�GH�DOW �SDUWH��2SRUWXQLWDWHD�H[HFXW ULL�DFHVWHL�RSHUD LL�GHSLQGH�GH�QXPHURúL� IDFWRUL�GLQWUH�FDUH�XQ�URO�SULQFLSDO�vO�MRDF �FDWHJRULD�úL�UHVSHFtiv tipul de vin proiectat a se produce. Pentru vinurile albe desciorchinatul s-D�GRYHGLW�PDL� SX LQ�QHFHVDU� vQWUXFkW� LQIOXHQ D�SH�FDUH�R�H[HUFLW �SUH]HQ D�FLRUFKLQHOXL�DVXSUD�FDOLW LL�YLQXOXL�HVWH�QHVHPQLILFDWLY ��3H�GH�DOW �SDUWH�VH�úWLH�F �DWXQFL�FkQG�UHFROWD�HVWH�QHGHVFLRUFKLQDW �VFXUJHUHD�PXVWXOXL�úL�SUHVDUHD�ERúWLQHL�VH�IDFH�FX�PDL�PXOW �XúXULQ ��GHRDUHFH�PXVWXLDOD�DUH�XQ�JUDG�GH�HODVWLFLWDWH�PDL�ULGLFDW�� LDU�FLRUFKLQLL�MRDF �UROXO�XQRU�F L�GH�GUHQDM��0XVWXO�RE LQXW�DUH�PDL�SX LQ �EXUE �úL�XQ�JXVW�Pai bun decât cel rezultat dintr-R�PXVWXLDO �GHVFLRUFKLQDW ��&UHúWHUHD�FRQ LQXWXOXL�vQ�EXUE �úL�DSDUL LD�XQRU�JXVWXUL�PDL� SX LQ� SO FXWH� VH� GDWRUHD] � I UkPL ULL� úL� VWULYLULL� SDU LDOH� D� FRPSRQHQWHORU� VROLGH� vQ� FXUVXO�GHVFLRUFKLQ ULL��5LEHUHDX�*D\RQ�-��ú�D���976). 6H�DSUHFLD] �vQV �F �GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO�GHYLQH�REOLJDWRULX�FkQG�UHFROWD�]GURELW �VWDJQHD] �SH�SDUFXUVXO� IOX[XOXL� WHKQRORJLF� XQ� WLPS� RDUHFDUH� vQ� VWDGLXO� GH� PXVWXLDO � VDX� FkQG� vQ� VFKHPD�WHKQRORJLF �HVWH�SUHY ]XW �úL�RSHUD LXQHD�GH�PDFHUDUH�vQ�YHGHUHD�ULGLF ULL�FRQ LQXWXOXL�YLQXOXL�vQ�H[WUDFW�� ÌQ� DVWIHO� GH� VLWXD LL� VH� LPSXQH� GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO�� GHRDUHFH� FLRUFKLQLL� GLQ� PXVWXLDO �LQIOXHQ HD] �QHJDWLY�FDOLWDWHD�YLLWRUXOXL�YLQ��ÌQ�ILQH��GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO�HVWH�UHFRPDQGDELO�úL�DWXQFL�când ciorchinii nu sunt lignifica L��GHRDUHFH�SUH]HQ D�ORU�vQ�PXVWXLDO �IDFH�V �FUHDVF �FRQ LQXWXO�PXVWXOXL� vQ� FRPSXúL� IHQROLFL�� vQ� VSHFLDO� vQ� FHL� R[LGDELOL� SUHFXP� úL� vQ� XQHOH� V UXUL� GH� FDOFLX��potasiu etc. 3HQWUX� YLQXULOH� URúLL� úL� DURPDWH� GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO� V-D� GRYHGLW� R� RSHUD LH� WHKQRORJLF �LQGLVSHQVDELO �� 'LQWUH� DYDQWDMHOH� SH� FDUH� OH� FUHHD] � VH� PHQ LRQHD] � RE LQHUHD� XQXL� YROXP� GH�PXVWXLDO �PDL�UHGXV��LDU�GH�DLFL��PDL�SX LQ �ERúWLQ �GH�PDQLSXODW�úL�SUHVDW�úL�PDL�SX LQ �WHVFRYLQ �GH� S VWUDW��3ULQ� vQGHS UWDUHD� FLRUFKLQLORU��FLRUFKLQLL� FH� UHSUH]LQW � �-���GLQ� JUHXWDWH� úL� SkQ � OD����� GLQ� YROXPXO� UHFROWHL�� VH� UHDOL]HD] � R� HFRQRPLH� GH� YDVH� úL� GH� VSD LX� SHQWUX� PDFHUDUH-

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IHUPHQWDUH�� ,PSRUWDQ D� GHVFLRUFKLQDWXOXL� UH]LG � vQV �� PDL� DOHV�� vQ� DFHHD� F � YLQXULOH� VH�vPEXQ W HVF�GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�FDOLWDWLY� au un grad alcoolic mai ridicat cu circa 0,5 vol.% , VXQW� PDL� LQWHQV� FRORUDWH�� FHYD� PDL� DFLGH�� VH� OLPSH]HVF� XúRU�� úL� QX� VXQW� OLSVLWH� GH� R� DQXPLW �VXSOH H� úL� ILQH H�� 0DFHUDUHD� -� IHUPHQWDUHD� PXVWXLHOLL� QHGHVFLRUFKLQDWH� GHWHUPLQ �� GLQ� FRQWU ��RE LQHUHD� GH� YLnuri cu “gust ierbos” de ciorchine (mai ales când acesta este verde), bogate în VXEVWDQ H�DVWULQJHQWH�úL�FX�R�GXULWDWH�SURQXQ DW �DWXQFL�FkQG�VXQW� WLQHUH��6H� OLPSH]HVF�JUHX�GLQ�FDX]D� XQXL� FRQ LQXW� ULGLFDW� vQ� VXEVWDQ H� D]RWDWH�� 'LPLQXDUHD� FXORULL� úL� D� JUDGXlui alcoolic se GDWRUHD] � DEVRUE LHL� DFHVWRUD� GH� F WUH� FLRUFKLQL�� PDL� DOHV� FkQG� VXQW� OLJQLILFD L�� 6F GHUHD��DFLGLW LL��VF GHUH�FDUH�SRDWH�V �DMXQJ �SkQ �OD�����J�O�+2SO4��VH�H[SOLF �SULQ�DFHHD�F �FLRUFKLQHOH�HVWH� PDL� SX LQ� DFLG� úL� PDL� ERJDW� vQ� SRWDVLX� úL� FDOFLX� GHFkW� VXFXO� EREXOXL�� ÌQ� ILQH�� SUH]HQ D�FLRUFKLQLORU� vQ� PXVWXLDO � FRQWULEXLH� vQWU-R� DQXPLW � P VXU � úL� OD� SROXDUHD� YLQXOXL� FX� GLIHULWH�SHVWLFLGH� UH LQXWH� vQ� DVSHULW LOH� DFHVWRUD� FX� RFD]LD� WUDWDPHQWHORU� GH� FRPEDWHUH� D� EROLORU� úL�G XQ WRULORU� YL HL� GH� YLH�� 6H�PHQ LRQHD] � F � úL� GLVWLODWHOH� RE LQXWH� GLQ� WHVFRYLQD� FDUH� FRQ LQH�FLRUFKLQL� VXQW� FDOLWDWLY�PDL� VODEH��7RDWH�DFHVWH�DVSHFWH� DX�GHWHUPLQDW� FD� GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO� V � ILH�DSUHFLDW� FD� R� RSHUD LH� WHKQRORJLF � XWLO � SHQWUX� SURGXFHUHD� YLQXULORU� DURPDWH� úL� D� FHORU� URúLL�VXSHULRDUH��IDFXOWDWLY �SHQWUX�YLQXULOH�URúLL�GH�FRQVXP�FXUHQW��úL�REOLJDWRULH�DWXQFL�FkQG�VWUXJXULL��SULQ�QDWXUD�VRLXOXL�GLQ�FDUH�SURYLQ��GDX�YLQXUL�DVSUH��DVWULQJHQWH��SUHFXP�úL�vQ�FD]XO�XQXL�FXOHV�WLPSXULX�FkQG�FLRUFKLQLL�VXQW�vQF �LHUEDFHL�

2.3. Tratamente aplicate mustuielii

0XVWXLDOD� UH]XOWDW � GLQ� SUHOXFUDUHD� VWUXJXULORU� WUHEXLH� SURWHMDW � ID � GH� DF LXQHD�G XQ WRDUH�D�DHUXOXL�SUHFXP�úL�vPSRWULYD�PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU�SDWRJHQH��3URWHF LD�VH�LPSXQH�PDL�DOHV�FkQG�UHFROWD�HVWH�DWLQV �GH�SXWUHJDLXO�FHQXúLX�VDX�LQYDGDW �GH�GLIHULWH�PXFHJDLXUL��SUHFXP�úL�DWXQFL�FkQG�VWD LRQDUHD�HL�vQ�VWDGLXO�GH�PXVWXLDO �GHS úHúWH�XQ�DQXPLW�WHUPHQ�� ,QIOXHQ D� R[LJHQXOXL� GLQ� DHU� DVXSUD� PXVWXLHOLL� HVWH� IRDUWH� SXWHUQLF �� vQGHRVHEL� FkQG�aceasta provine din struguri albi�� 'DF � QX� VH� LDX� P VXUL� GH� SURWHMDUH�� DURPD� PXVWXOXL� VH�GHQDWXUHD] ��IUXFWXR]LWDWHD�VH�GLVWUXJH�LDU�FXORDUHD�GHYLQH�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�vQFKLV ��(IHFWXO�HVWH�úL�PDL�SURQXQ DW� vQ�FRQGL LLOH� vQ�FDUH� ID]D� OLFKLG �GLQ�PXVWXLDO � U PkQH� vQWU-R�FDQWLWDWH�PDL�PLF �fa � GH� FHD� LQL LDO �� IDSW� FH� VH� REVHUY � OD� VFXUJHUHD� PXVWXOXL� úL� SUHVDUHD� ERúWLQHL�� ÌQ� FD]XO�VWUXJXULORU�QHJUL��R[LGDUHD�HVWH�PDL�SX LQ�SHULFXORDV ��GHRDUHFH�PXVWXLDOD�HVWH�SDU LDO�SURWHMDW �GH�SUH]HQ D�VXEVWDQ HORU�WDQDQWH�FDUH�MRDF �XQ�URO�DQWLR[LGDQW� PHQWUX�D�HYLWD�XUP ULOH�QHIDVWH�DOH�R[LG ULL��FHO�PDL�ELQH�DU�IL�FD�PXVWXLDOD�V �QX�YLQ �vQ�FRQWDFW�FX�DHUXO��ÌQ�SUDFWLF ��vQV ��DFHVW�OXFUX�QX�HVWH�SRVLELO�GHRDUHFH��vQFHSkQG�GH�OD�]GURELUHD�VWUXJXULORU� úL� SkQ � OD� vPEXWHOLHUHD� YLQXOXL��PDMRULWDWHD� RSHUD LXQLORU� SH� FDUH� OH� UHFODP � IOX[XO�WHKQRORJLF�VXQW� vQVR LWH�PDL�PXOW�VDX�PDL�SX LQ�GH�XQ�SURFHV�GH�R[LJHQDUH��'LQ�DFHVWH�PRWLYH��DSOLFDUHD� XQRU� WUDWDPHQWH� vQ� YHGHUHD� DQLKLO ULL� HIHFWXOXL� G XQ WRU� DO� R[LJHQXOXL� GHYLQH�REOLJDWRULH�� 3URWHF LD� HVWH� QHFHVDU � vQGHRVHEL� vQ� WLPSXO� YLQLILF ULL�� GHRDUHFH� vQ� DFHVW� VWDGLX�UHFROWD� HVWH� PXOW� PDL� VHQVLELO � OD� R[LGDUH� GHFkW� XOWHULRU�� FkQG� HVWH� WUDQVIRUPDW � vQ� YLQ�� 'H�DVHPHQHD��SUH]HQ D�R[LGRUHGXFWD]HORU�vQWU-R�SURSRU LH�PDL�ULGLFDW �SH�S U LOH�VROLGH�GHFkW�vQ�VXF��GHWHUPLQ �FD�PXVWXLDOD�V �DEVRDUE �GH��-4 ori mai mult oxigen decât mustul. Astfel, s-a constat F �OD��-���PLQXWH�GH�OD�]GURELUHD�VWUXJXULORU�FDQWLWDWHD�GH�R[LJHQ�GL]ROYDW �vQ�PXVWXLDO �SRDWH�V �DMXQJ �OD����-����PJ�O��$FHVW�IDSW�UHOLHIHD] �F ��vQ�WHKQRORJLD�SURGXFHUii vinurilor albe separarea PXVWXOXL�GH�ERúWLQ �WUHEXLH�I FXW �FkW�PDL�UDSLG��([LVWHQ D�vQ�PXVWXLDO �D�UHVWXULORU�GH�IUXQ]H�úL�O VWDUL�� DúD� FXP� VH� vQWkPSO � XQHRUL� vQ� FD]XO� UHFROWDWXOXL� PHFDQL]DW�� LQWHQVLILF � GH� �-3 ori activitatea oxidorectazelor. De aceea�� XQLL� DXWRUL� UHFRPDQG � GHIROLHUHD� EXWXFLORU� vQDLQWH� GH�LQWURGXFHUHD�vQ�SODQWD LH�D�FRPELQHORU�GH�UHFROWDW��'DWXQDVFKYLOL�(��1��úL�0LGGDG]H�5�.��������� 'LQWUH� � WUDWDPHQWHOH�FX�URO�DQWLR[LGDQW��FDUH�VH�DSOLF �PXVWXLHOLL��FHO�PDL�HILFDFH�úL�PDL�generalizat� vQ�SURGXF LD�YLQLFRO �V-a dovedit sulfitarea. Prin administrare de SO2 în timpul sau LPHGLDW� GXS � RE LQHUHD� PXVWXLHOLL�� HQ]LPHOH� FDUH� FDWDOL]HD] � UHDF LLOH� GH� R[LGRUHGXFHUH��UHVSRQVDELOH� GH� EUXQLILFDUHD� PXVWXOXL� úL� GH� DOWH� PRGLILF UL� QHGRULWH�� VXQW� SXVH� vn stare de LQDFWLYLWDWH��/D�GR]HOH�vQ�FDUH�VH�XWLOL]HD] ���-���J�KO���ELR[LGXO�GH�VXOI�GH�WHUPLQ ��GH�DVHPHQHD��

Page 7: vinificarea strugurilor

R� LQDFWLYLWDWH� GH� VFXUW � GXUDW � D� OHYXULORU� úL� GHFL�� R� vQWkU]LHUH� vQ� GHFODQúDUHD� IHUPHQWD LHL�DOFRROLFH��SUHFXP�úL�R�GLVWUXJHUH�SDU LDO �D�EDFWHULLORU�UHVSRQVDELOH�GH�DSDUL LD�XQRU�IHUPHQWD LL�QHGRULWH��DFHWLF ��PDQLWLF ��ODFWLF �HWF����6-D�FRQVWDWDW��vQ�VFKLPE��F �622�QX�vPSLHGLF �PDFHUD LD��FL�GLQ�FRQWU �R�IDYRUL]HD] ��PDL�DOHV�DWXQFL�FkQG�JUDGXO�GH�VXOILWDUH�HVWH�ULGLFDW� Oxidarea mustuielii sH� PDL� SRDWH� SUHYHQL� úL� FX� DMXWRUXO� &22. În acest sens, trebuie PHQ LRQDW�IDSWXO�F �LQGXVWULD�YLQLFRO �D�vQFHSXW�V �IRORVHDVF �PDúLQL�úL�LQVWDOD LL�DVWIHO�HFKLSDWH��vQFkW�RSHUD LLOH�FH�OH�UHYLQ��]GURELUH��SUHVDUH�HWF���OH�HIHFWXHD] �vQ�DWPRVIHU �GH�JD]�FDUEonic, gaz ce poate proveni dintr-o butelie sau de la un vas cu must în fermentare. Inconvenientul acestei WHKQRORJLL�FRQVW �vQ�IDSWXO�F �UHFROWD�SUHOXFUDW ��vQ�PRPHQWXO�FkQG�YLQH�vQ�FRQWDFW�FX�DHUXO�HVWH�YLROHQW�R[LGDW ��LDU�XUP ULOH�VXQW�úL�PDL�GLILFLO�GH corectat. 3HQWUX� LQDFWLYDUHD� PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU� vQ� YHGHUHD� HYLW ULL� XQHL� IHUPHQWD LL� WLPSXULL� V-ar PDL� SXWHD� IRORVL� úL� WUDWDPHQWXO� FX� IULJ�� 3H� OkQJ � XQ� FRQVXP� PDUH� GH� HQHUJLH�� LPSXV� GH�IXQF LRQDUHD�LQVWDOD LLORU�IULJRULILFH��WUDWDPHQWXO�DUH�úL� LQFRQYHQLHQWXO�F �IDYRUL]HD] �GL]ROYDUHD�XQRU�FDQWLW L�PDUL�GH�R[LJHQ�vQ�PDVD�GH�PXVWXLDO � ÌQ�DIDUD�WUDWDPHQWHORU�DSOLFDWH�FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�GLPLQXD�LQIOXHQ D�G XQ WRDUH�D�R[LJHQXOXL�úL� D� PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU�� PXVWXLDOD� PDL� SRDWH� IL� WUDWDW � úL� FX� GLIHULWH� SUHSDUDWH� HQ]Lmatice: SHFWROLWLFH� úL� SURWHROLWLFH�� $GDXVXO� VXSOLPHQWDU� GH� HQ]LPH�� DO WXUL� GH� FHOH� H[LVWHQWH� vQ� PRG�QDWXUDO�vQ�PXVWXLDO ��FRQGXFH�OD�R�KLGUROL] �PDL�UDSLG �D�VXEVWDQ HORU�SHFWLFH�úL�D�FHORU�SURWHLFH��Transformarea lor din macromolecule coloidale în substaQ H�FX�PROHFXOH�PDL�PLFL��GHWHUPLQ �R�PDL� UDSLG � HOLEHUDUH� D� VXFXOXL� GLQ� FHOXOH�� D� VXEVWDQ HORU� FRORUDWH� úL� DURPDWH�� R� PLFúRUDUH� D�YkVFR]LW LL�PXVWXOXL��LDU�FD�XUPDUH�VH�vPEXQ W HúWH�FDOLWDWHD��JUDGXO�GH�VFXUJHUH�úL�UDQGDPHQWXO�în must.

2.4. Separarea mXVWXOXL�GH�ERúWLQ

ÌQ�WHKQRORJLD�SURGXFHULL�YLQXULORU�DOEH��VSHUDUHD�PXVWXOXL�GLQ�UHFROWD�]GURELW ��FX�VDX�I U �GHVFLRUFKLQL]DUH��HVWH�R�RSHUD LH�HVHQ LDO �úL�GH�PDUH�LQIOXHQ �DVXSUD�FDOLW LL��2ELúQXLW��OXFUDUHD�VH�HIHFWXHD] �vQ�GRX �HWDSH�FDUH�VH�VXFFHG��FX�VDX�I U � vQWUHUXSHUH��vQ�IXQF LH�GH� LQVWDOD LLOH�FX�DMXWRUXO�F URUD�VH�UHDOL]HD] ��ÌQ�SULPD�HWDS ��PXVWXO�VH�VHSDU �GH�FRPSRQHQWHOH�VROLGH�FX�FDUH�VH�J VHúWH� vQ� FRQWDFW� SULQ� VFXUJHUH�� LDU� vQ�D�GRXD�HWDS �� SULQ� SUHVDUHD� ERúWLQHL��0XVWXO� UH]XOWDW� vQ�pULPD�HWDS �SRDUW �QXPHOH�GH�PXVW�UDYDF�LDU�FHO�GLQ�D�GRX ��PXVW�GH�SUHV �

� Separarea mustului prin scurgere

(VWH�RSHUD LD�FDUH�SUHFHGH�úL�XúXUHD] �SUHVDUHD�ERúWLQHL��6FXUJHUHD�SRDWH�DYHD�ORF�vQ�PRG�VSRQWDQ�� SH� FDOH� JUDYLWD LRQDO �� VDX� SRDWH� IL� SURYRFDW � FkQG� HVWH� FXQRVFXW � úL� VXE� QXPHOH� GH�VFXUJHUH�LQWHQVLILFDW ��ÌQ�DPEHOH�VLWXD LL��RSHUD LD�VH�UHDOL]HD] �FX�DMXWRUXO�XQRU�LQVWDOD LL�QXPLWH�VFXUJ WRDUH��FDUH�SRW�IL�VWDWLFH��SDVLYH��VDX�GLQDPLFH��DFWLYH���3ULPHOH�IXQF LRQHD] �GLVFRQWLQXX��cele din a doua categorie, continuu.

� Separarea mustului prin presare

3UHVDUHD�HVWH�XOWLPD�RSHUD LXQH�GLQ�SURFHVXO�GH�SUHOXFUDUH�D�VWUXJXULORU��&X�DMXWRUXO�HL�VH�H[WUDJH� IUDF LXQHD� GH� PXVW� FDUH� LPSUHJQHD] � ERúWLQD� GXS � VFXUJHUH�� 2SHUD LD� WUHEXLH� DVWIHO�FRQGXV �� vQFkW� GLQ� ERúWLQ � V � VH� H[WUDJ � QXPDL� VXFXO� GXOFH�� HOLEHUDW� FX� RFD]LD� ]GURELULL� GLQ�YDFXROHOH�FHOXOHORU�SXOSHL��QX�úL�FHO�GLQ�SLHOL H��FDUH�LPSULP �XQ�JXVW�LHUEDFHX��DVWULQJHQW�úL�DPDU��0XVWXO�UH]XOWDW��QXPLW�úL�PXVW�GH�SUHV ��HVWH�PDL�OLPSHGH�GHFkW�FHO�GH�OD�VFXUJeri, în special de la VFXUJHULOH�SURYRFDWH��FHHD�FH�vQVHDPQ �F �SULQ�SUHVDUH�VH�UHDOL]HD] �úL�R�RDUHFDUH�ILOWUDUH� /D�YLQLILFD LD�vQ�DOE��SUHVDUHD�VH�IDFH�FkQG�ERúWLQD�HVWH�SURDVS W ��OD�YLQLILFD LD�vQ�URúX�VH�HIHFWXHD] �GXS �PDFHUDUH-IHUPHQWDUH��DúD�F �GLQ�DFHVW�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH��vQWUH�FHOH�GRX �PRGXUL�GH�SUHVDUH�H[LVW �XQHOH�GHRVHELUL�

Page 8: vinificarea strugurilor

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2.5. Randamentul în must la prelucrarea strugurilor

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Page 9: vinificarea strugurilor

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Page 10: vinificarea strugurilor

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Page 11: vinificarea strugurilor

b) Deburbarea prin centrifugare Centrifugarea�HVWH�RSHUD LD�GH�VHSDUDUH��VXE�DF LXQHD�IRU HL�FHQWULIXJH��D�FRPSRQHQ LORU�FX� GHQVLWDWH� GLIHULW � GLQWU-un amestec eterogen (suspensie sau emulsie). Comparativ cu deburbarea prin sedimentare-decantare, limpezirea prin� DFHVW� SURFHGHX� HVWH� PXOW� PDL� UDSLG ��&ODXGH�(��������DUDW �F �FHQWULIXJDUHD�HVWH�R�GHFDQWDUH�DFFHOHUDW � 9LWH]D� GH� vQGHS UWDUH� D� SDUWLFXOHORU� GH� WXOEXUHDO � GLQ� PXVW� VXE� DF LXQHD� FkPSXOXL�FHQWULIXJDO��SRDWH�IL�UHGDW �SULQ�H[SUHVLD�

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