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VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
CBCS SYLLABUS FOR BACHELOR OF ARTS (Major and Minor)
Semester System
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B. A. PHILOSOPHY (MAJOR)
There shall be six semesters during three years (From B. A. Part I to B. A. Part III) and there shall be 2 papers in first and 2 papers in second semester. In the third and fourth semesters there will be 3 papers in each semester. In the last two semesters i.e. Semester 5 and 6 there shall be four papers in each semester. In the fifth semester 2 papers will be elective. Similarly, in the sixth semester 2 papers will be elective. The total number of papers will be 18.
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Paper – I
Ancient Indian Philosophy Marks 80+20 Semester‐I Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
1. Nature of Indian Philosophy: plurality as well as common concerns, chief characteristics of Indian philosophy.
2. Carvaka school: its epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. 3. Jainism: Concept of jiva; anekantavada, syadvada and bondage and liberation. 4. Buddhism: Theory of dependent origination; the Four Noble Truths; doctrine of momentariness;
theory of No‐Soul. Main schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Madhyamika.
5. Nyaya: theory of pramanas; pramanyavada, the individual self and its liberation; the idea of God and proofs for His existence.
6. Vaisesika: padarthas: dravya, guna, karma, samanya, visesa, samvaya, abhava; causation: asatkaryavada; karana: paramanuvada; adrsta; nihsreyasam.
7. Sankhya: causation: satkaryavada; prakrti : its constituents, evolutes and arguments for its existence; purusa: arguments for its existence; plurality of purusas; relationship between prakrti and purusa; kaivalya.
8. Yoga: Yoga; citta and citta‐vrtti; eightfold path; God. 9. Purava Mimamsa: Sruti and its importance; dharma, pramanyavada.
The debates between Kaumarilas and Prabhakaras: abhava, anupalabdhi, anvitabhidanavada, abhihitanvayavada.
10. Advaita: nirguna Brahman; adhyasa; rejection of difference; vivartavada; maya; three grades of satta; pramanas; atman, jiva, Jagat, bondage and liberation.
11. Visistadvaita: Saguna Brahman; refutation of maya; parinamavada; chitta & achitta, jiva; bhakti and prapatti; bondage and liberation.
SUGGESTED READINGS: M. Hiriyanna : Outlines of Indian Philosophy. C. D. Sharma : A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy. S. N. Dasgupta : A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. I to V S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II T. R. V. Murti : Central Philosophy of Buddhism. J. N. Mohanty : Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought. R. D. Ranade : A Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy. P. T. Raju : Structural Depths of Indian Thought. K. C. Bhattacharya : Studies in Philosophy, Vol. I Datta and Chatterjee : Introduction to Indian Philosophy
A.K. Warder : Indian Buddhism.
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R. Puligandla : Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy. T. M. P. Mahadevan : An Outline of Hinduism.
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Paper ‐ II ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY
Marks: 80+20 Semester‐I Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
1. Milesians: Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. 2. Pythagoras and Pythagoreans. 3. Heraclitus. 4. Eleatics: Xenophanes as the precursor of Eleatic philosophy; Parmenides, Zeno &
Melissus 5. Empedocles. 6. Anaxagoras 7. The Atomists: Atomism of Leucippus and Democritus. 8. The Sophists: Protagoras and Gorgias. 9. Socrates: Epistemology & Ethics. 10. Plato: Theory of Ideas. 11. Aristotle: Metaphysics & the Conception of Cause. SUGGESTED READINGS: F. Copleston : A History of Philosophy, Vol. I J. Burnet : Early Greek Philosophy. J. Burnet : Greek Philosophy: Thales to Plato W. T. Stace : A Critical History of Greek Philosophy. W. K. C. Guthrie : History of Greek Philosophy, Vols. I, II & III. Kirk, Raven & Schofield : The pre‐Socratic Philosopher. Theodore Gomperz : The Greek Thinkers: A History of Ancient Philosophy, 4 Vols.
A.E. Taylor : Plato: The Man and his Work. W. D. Ross : Aristotle. Crombie : An Examination of Plato’s Doctrines.
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Paper ‐ III EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS
(Indian) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐II Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
Part I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Nature of Cognition: valid and invalid cognitions. 2. Prama. 3. Pramana: definitions and varieties. 4. Pramanya: origin and ascertainment. 5. Pramanasamplava and Pramanavyastha. 6. Theories concerning sense organs and their objects. 7. Theories of perceptual error (Khyativada)
Part II : METAPHYSICS
1. Prameya and padartha; kinds of Padartha accepted by different schools. 2. Substance and process: the debate between Buddhists and non‐Buddhists. 3. Causality: arambhavada, parinamavada, vivartavada, pratitya samutpadavada 4. Universals: the Nyaya‐Buddhist debate. 5. Abhava. 6. Special padarthas: visesa, samavaya. 7. The Self. SUGGESTED READINGS: Swami Satprakasananda : The Methods of Knowledge. D. M. Datta : The Six Ways of Knowing. S. Chatterjee : The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge. Srinivasa Rao : Perceptual Error: The Indian Theories. S. K. Maitra : Fundamental Questions of Indian Metaphysics and Logic. Sarasvati Chennakesavan : Concepts of Indian Philosophy. S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II. Satkari Mukherjee : The Buddhist Philosophy of Flux. S. Kuppuswami Sastri : The Primer of Indian Logic. Jadunath Sinha : Indian Realism. P. K. Mukhopadhyaya : Indian Realism. Dharmendra Nath Sastri : Critique of Indian Realism. Kedarnath Tiwari : Bhartiya Tarkashastra Parichaya.
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Paper – IV LOGIC (Indian)
Marks : 80+20 Semester‐II Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
1. Theories of Inference in Nyaya, Buddhism and Jainism: definition, constituents, process and types; paksata; paramarsa; vyaptigrahopaya; hetvabhasa.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Annambhatta : Tarkasangraha Dharmakirti : Nyayabindu Yasovijaya : Jaina Tarka Bhasa S. S. Barligay : A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic B. K. Matilal : Logic, Language and Reality S. K. Maitra : Fundamental Questions of Indian Metaphysics and Logic F. Th. Stcherbatsky : Buddhist Logic, Vol. I & II C. Bhattacharya : Elements of Indian Logic and Epistemology S. Chatterjee : Nyaya Theory of Knowledge R. Prasad : Buddhist Logic
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Paper ‐V EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS
(Western) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐III Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
Part – I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Knowledge: definition and kinds; different uses of the word ‘know’; propositional and
non‐propositional knowledge; necessary and sufficient conditions of propositional knowledge.
2. Theories of Knowledge: rationalism, empiricism, criticism (Kant). 3. Apriori knowledge: a priori and a posteriori; analytic and synthetic; the problem of
synthetic a priori. 4. Theories of truth: correspondence; coherence; pragmatic.
Part – II : METAPHYSICS
1. Metaphysics: its nature, necessity and methods. 2. Substance. 3. Idealism; materialism; dualism; neutralism; monism; pluralism. 4. Space and Time. 5. Causality. 6. Mind‐body relation. 7. Freedom and Determinism.
SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. John Hospers : An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. 2. A. J. Ayer : The Central Questions of Philosophy. 3. Bertrand Russell : The Problems of Philosophy. 4. A. D. Woozley : Theory of Knowledge. 5. Gilbert Ryle : The Concept of Mind (relevant chapters). 6. H. W. Walsh : Reason and Experience. 7. D. W. Hamlyn : Theory of Knowledge. 8. D. W. Hamlyn : Metaphysics. 9. Richard Taylor : Metaphysics. 10. Edwards & Pap (Eds.) : A Modern Introduction to Philosophy. 11. L. Pojman : Introduction to Philosophy.
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Paper – VI
LOGIC (Western) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐III Core Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
1. Sentence and proposition; logical form. 2. Definition of definition and Division. 3. Aristotelian classification of propositions; Categorical, Hypothetical and Disjunctive
Propositions. 4. Laws of Thought. 5. Aristotelian classification of Categorical Propositions; square of opposition; conversion,
obversion, contraposition, inversion. 6. Categorical Syllogism: figures and moods; rules of validity; mixed syllogism; fallacies. 7. Boolean interpretation of propositions; Venn diagram technique of testing the validity
of syllogisms. 8. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 9. Argument and argument‐forms; truth‐tables. 10. Technique of symbolization; proof construction: direct, indirect. 11. Induction; analogy; Mill’s methods of experimental enquiry; scientific hypothesis.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Irwin M. Copi : Introduction to Logic (Sixth edition). Basson, A. H. & O’Connor, D. J. : Introduction to Symbolic Logic. L. Susan Stebbing : A Modern Introduction to Logic. H. Kyburg Jr. : Probability and Induction. W. V. Quine : Methods of Logic. Richard Jeffrey : Formal Logic: Its Scope and Limits. W. Kneale : Probability and Induction. Cohen and Nagel : Logic and Scientific Method.
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Paper ‐ VII CLASSICAL TEXT
Marks : 80+20 Semester‐III Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
CLASSICAL INDIAN TEXT
1. Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 1 to 5).
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Paper ‐ VIII
ETHICS (Indian and Western) Marks : 80+20 Semester‐IV Core Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
PART I : INDIAN ETHICS
1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; theory of karma. 2. Dharma: its meaning, definition, classification; vidhi, nisedha, arthavada. 3. Niskama karma. 4. Purusarthas and their inter‐relations; purusartha sadhana. 5. Buddhist ethics: the Four Noble Truths. 6. Jaina ethics: anuvratas and mahavratas.
PART II : WESTERN ETHICS
1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; free will. 2. Teleological ethics: egoism; hedonism; utilitarianism. 3. Deontological ethics: Kant. 4. Intuitionism. 5. Virtue ethics: Plato and Aristotle. 6. Theories of Punishment; Capital Punishment.
SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. I. C. Sharma : Ethical Philosophies of India. 2. S. K. Maitra : The Ethics of the Hindus. 3. Surama Dasgupta : Development of Moral Philosophy in India. 4. M. Hiriyanna : The Indian Conception of Values. 5. P. V. Kane : The History of the Dharmasastras, Vol. I. 6. W. Frankena : Ethics. 7. W. Lillie : An Introduction to Ethics. 8. J. D. Mabbott : Introduction to Ethics. 9. J. Hospers : Human Conduct. 10. Rosalind Hursthorne : Virtue Ethics. 11. Kant : Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. 12. J. S. Mill : Utilitarianism. 13. W. D. Hudson : Modern Moral Philosophy. 14. Philippa Foot (Ed) : Theories of Ethics.
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Paper ‐ IX
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐IV Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
1. Social and political philosophy: scope and concerns
2. Individual, society, state and nation
3. Political ideologies: democracy, socialism, fascism, theocracy, communism, anarchism, sarvodaya
4. Sovereignty, power and authority
5. Political ideals: liberty, equality and justice
6. Rights and interests
7. Political obligation
8. Political action: constitutionalism, revolutionism, terrorism, satyagraha.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Robert N. Beck : Handbook in Social Philosophy
J. Fierg : Social Philosophy
W. E. Moore : Social Change
N. V. Joshi : Social and Political Philosophy
A. K. Sinha : Outlines of Social Philosophy
D. D. Raphael : Problems of Political Philosophy
M. K. Gandhi : Hind Swaraj
K. G. Mashruwalla : Gandhi and Marx
T. S. Devadoss : Sarvodaya and the Problem of Political Sovereignty
K. Roy & C. Gupta (Eds): Essays in Social and Political Philosophy
Peter Singer : Practical Ethics
Rosemarie Tong : Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction
Mary Evans : Introducing Contemporary Feminist Thought
S. I. Benn & R. S. Peters: Social Principles and the Democratic State
Leo Strauss : What is Political Philosophy
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Paper – X
HISTORY OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐IV Core Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
1. Plato: Theory of knowledge; knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa). 2. Aristotle: Critique of Plato’s theory of Forms, potentiality and actuality; soul; God. 3. St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and reason; proofs for the existence of God. 4. Descartes: Method and the need for method in philosophy; method of doubt; cogito
ergo sum; types of ideas; mind and matter, mind‐body interaction; God: proofs for His existence.
5. Spinoza: Substance, attributes and modes; pantheism; mind‐body problem. 6. Leibnitz: Monadology; doctrine of pre‐established harmony. 7. Locke: Ideas and their classification; refutation of innate ideas; substance; qualities:
primary and secondary. 8. Berkeley: Rejection of abstract ideas; rejection of the distinction between primary and
secondary qualities; esse est percipi. 9. Hume: Impressions and ideas; relations of ideas and matters of fact; self and personal
identity; scepticism. 10. Kant: Conception of critical philosophy; synthetic a priori judgments; space and time;
categories of the understanding: phenomena and noumena.
SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. F. Copleston : A History of Philosophy. 2. D. J. O’Connor : A Critical History of Western Philosophy. 3. B. Russell : History of Western Philosophy. 4. C. R. Morris : Locke, Berkeley and Hume. 5. A. K. Rogers : A Student’s History of Philosophy. 6. W. K. Wright : A History of Modern Philosophy. 7. S. Korner : Kant. 8. W. T. Stace : A Critical History of Greek Philosophy. 9. Roger Scruton : A History of Philosophy from Descartes to Wittgenstein. 10. Jonathan Bennet : Locke, Berkeley, Hume. 11. John Cottingham : The Rationalists.
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Paper ‐ XI
CONTEMPORARY WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐V Core Paper Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
1. G. W. F. Hegel: Dialectic and the conception of the Absolute.
2. F. H. Bradley: Appearance and Reality, Degrees of Truth and Reality, Coherence.
3. C. S. Peirce: The Fixation of Belief & How to Make Our Ideas Clear.
4. William James: Pragmatism, Will to Believe and Free Will.
5. H. Bergson: Creativity, Duration, Intuition and elan vital.
6. Ludwig Wittgenstein: Picture theory; saying and showing.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Hegel, G. W. F. : The Phenomenology of Spirit.
Hegel, G. W. F. : The Science of Logic.
Bradley, F. H. : Appearance and Reality.
Bradley, F. H. : Essays on Truth and Reality.
Bosanquet, B. : Knowledge and Reality: Criticism of Mr. F. H. Bradley’s
Principles of Logic.
Bosanquet, B. : The Essentials of Logic.
Bosanquet, B. : Principle of Individuality and Value.
Bosanquet, B. : Value and Destiny of the Individual.
Peirce, C. S. : How to make our ideas clear.
Peirce, C. S. : The Fixation of Belief.
James, W. : The Will to Believe and other essays.
James, W. : Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking.
James, W. : Essays in Radical Empiricism.
Bergson, H. : Creative Evolution.
Wittgenstein, L. : Tractatus Logico‐philosophicus.
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Paper ‐ XII
EMERGING TRENDS OF THOUGHT Marks : 80+20 Semester‐V Core Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
The candidate may choose any three of the following topics:
1. Feminism
2. Eco‐philosophy
3. Dalit ideology
4. Religious fundamentalism
5. Peace studies
6. Humanism
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Paper ‐ XIII
MODERN INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester‐VI Core Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
1. Swami Vivekananda: Universal religion, practical Vedanta.
2. Sri Aurobindo: Reality as ‘sat‐chit‐ananda’, evolution; mind and supermind.
3. Mohammad Iqbal: Intellect and intuition, self.
4. Ravindranath Tagore: Man and God, religion of man.
5. S. Radhakrishnan: Intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life.
6. Vinoba Bhave: Bhoodan Andolan.
7. M. K. Gandhi: Truth, non‐violence, sarvodaya.
8. B. R. Ambedkar: Neo‐Buddhism.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Basant Kumar Lal: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Delhi,1999. T. M. P. Mahadevan & C. V. Saroja: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Madras, 1985. Benay Gopal Ray: Contemporary Indian Philosophers, Allahabad, 1957. V. S. Naravane: Modern Indian Thought, Bombay, 1964. Swami Vivekananda: Practical Vedanta, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 1964. Sri Aurobindo: Integral Yoga, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama, 1972. Sri Aurobindo: The Life Divine, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama. M. Iqbal: Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore: Ashraf, 1980. R. Tagore: Religion of Man, London: Unwin Books, 1961. Radhakrishnan & Muirhead(Eds): Contemporary Indian Philosophy, George Allen & Unwin, 1958. K. C. Bhattacharya: Studies in Philosophy, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidas, 1983. S. Radhakrishnan: An Idealist View of Life, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1957. Mahatma Gandhi: Hind Swaraj, New Delhi: Publications Division, 1993.
A.R. Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Vol. I, Bombay: Education Dept. Govt. of Maharashtra, 1979. Dada Dharmadhikari: Sarvodaya Darshan, Sarva‐Seva‐Sangha Prakashan, Varanasi.
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Paper ‐ XIV
CLASSICAL TEXT Marks : 80+20 Semester‐VI Core Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
CLASSICAL WESTERN TEXT
1. The Republic (by Plato).
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Paper ‐ XV
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION Marks : 80+20 Semester-V Discipline Specific Elective Paper
Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
1. Philosophy of Religion: nature and concerns
2. Arguments for the existence of God: Indian and Western
3. Reason and Faith; jnana and bhakti
4. Religious pluralism
5. Religious experience
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Brian Davies : An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion
James Churchill & David V. Jones : An Introductory Reader in the Philosophy of Religion
John Hick : Philosophy of Religion
D. A. Trueblood : Philosophy of Religion
Chemparathy : Indian Rational Theology (This book contains an English
translation of Udayana’s Nyayakusumanjali )
John Hick (Ed) : Classical and Contemporary Readings in Philosophy of Religion
D. M. Edwards : The Philosophy of Religion
N. K. Brahma : Philosophy of Hindu Sadhana
S. Radhakrishnan : The Idealist View of Life
S. Radhakrishnan : The Hindu View of Life
G. Galloway : The Philosophy of Religion
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Paper ‐ XVI COMPARATIVE RELIGION
Marks : 80+20 Semester-V Discipline Specific Elective Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
Candidates are expected to be familiar with the main tenets and practices of the following
groups of religions:
Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism & Judaism.
1. Nature, necessity and scope of comparative religion. 2. Commonality and difference among religions: the nature of inter‐religious dialogue and
understanding. 3. Religious experience in different religions, conflicting truth‐claims of different religions. 4. Death, rebirth and salvation. 5. God‐man relation in religions: world views in religions. 6. Immortality; incarnation; prophet‐hood. 7. Religion and moral and social values: religion and secular society. 8. Possibility of universal religion. SUGGESTED READINGS: Eric J. Sharpe : Comparative Religion, Duckworth, 1976. W. C. Smith : The Meaning and End of Religions, Fortress Press, 1990. A. C. Bouquet : Comparative Religion, Penguin Books, 1971. S. Radhakrishnan : Eastern Religion and Western Thought, Delhi, OUP, 1983. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ : East and West: Some Reflections, George Allen & Unwin, 1955. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ : Indian Religions, Vision Books, Delhi, 1985. H. D. Bhattacharya : Foundations of Living Faiths. N. K. Devaraja : Hinduism and Christianity. John Hick : An Interpretation of Religion.
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Paper ‐ XVII CLASSICAL TEXT
Marks : 80+20 Semester-VI Discipline Specific Elective Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
CLASSICAL INDIAN TEXT
1. Dhammapada
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Paper ‐ XVIII CLASSICAL TEXT
Marks : 80+20 Semester-VI Discipline Specific Elective Paper Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
CLASSICAL WESTERN TEXT
1. The Problems of Philosophy by Bertrand Russell.
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ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ I
Marks: 50 Semester – I Credits – 2. Hindi / English / Urdu
Syllabus as framed by the VBU.
ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ II
Marks: 50 Semester – II Credits – 2. Environmental Science
Syllabus as framed by the VBU.
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SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE ‐ I
Marks: 50 Semester – III Credits – 2.
LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ I
1. Analogy. 2. Cause‐Effect Reasoning. 3. Scientific hypothesis: Valid and Invalid, Proofs. 4. Technique of symbolization; proof construction: direct, indirect. 5. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 6. Argument and argument‐forms; truth‐tables; reductio ad absurdum; normal forms. 7. Testing the validity of arguments.
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – II
Marks: 50 Semester – IV Credits – 2.
LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ II
1. Boolean interpretation of propositions; Venn diagram technique of testing the validity of syllogisms.
2. Decision making and Problem Solving 3. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 4. Logical and Analytical Reasoning 5. Classification 6. Blood Relations. 7. Coding‐Decoding.
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VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
CBCS SYLLABUS FOR BACHELOR OF ARTS (Minor)
Semester System
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Generic Elective Paper – I Ancient Indian Philosophy
Marks 80+20 Semester – I Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
1. Chief characteristics of Indian Philosophy. 2. Carvaka school: its epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. 3. Jainism: Concepts of jiva; anekantavada, syadvada; bondage and liberation. 4. Buddhism: Theory of dependent origination; the Four Noble Truths; doctrine of momentariness;
theory of No‐Soul. 5. Nyaya: theory of pramanas; the individual self and its liberation; the idea of God and proofs for
His existence. 6. Vaisesika: padarthas: dravya, guna, karma, samanya, visesa, samvaya, abhava; paramanuvada;
nihsreyasam. 7. Sankhya: causation: satkaryavada; prakrti : its constituents, evolutes and arguments for its
existence; purusa: arguments for its existence; plurality of purusas; relationship between prakrti and purusa; kaivalya.
8. Yoga: Yoga; citta and citta‐vrtti; eightfold path; God. 9. Purva Mimamsa: Sruti and its importance. 10. Advaita: nirguna Brahman; adhyasa; rejection of difference; vivartavada; maya; three
grades of satta; pramanas;atman, jiva; Jagat, bondage and liberation. 11. Visistadvaita: Saguna Brahman; refutation of maya; parinamavada; jiva; bhakti and prapatti;
bondage and liberation.
SUGGESTED READINGS: M. Hiriyanna : Outlines of Indian Philosophy. C. D. Sharma : A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy. S. N. Dasgupta : A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. I to V S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II T. R. V. Murti : Central Philosophy of Buddhism. J. N. Mohanty : Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought. R. D. Ranade : A Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy. P. T. Raju : Structural Depths of Indian Thought. K. C. Bhattacharya : Studies in Philosophy, Vol. I Datta and Chatterjee : Introduction to Indian Philosophy
A.K. Warder : Indian Buddhism. R. Puligandla : Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy. T. M. P. Mahadevan : An Outline of Hinduism.
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Generic Elective Paper‐II
EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS (Indian)
Marks : 80+20 Semester – II Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
Part I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Nature of Cognition: valid and invalid cognitions. 2. Prama. 3. Pramana: definitions and varieties. 4. Pramanya: origin and ascertainment. 5. Pramanasamplava and Pramanavyastha. 6. Theories concerning sense organs and their objects. 7. Theories of perceptual error (Khyativada)
Part II : METAPHYSICS
1. Prameya and padartha; kinds of Padartha accepted by different schools. 2. Substance and process: the debate between Buddhists and non‐Buddhists. 3. Causality: arambhavada, parinamavada, vivartavada, pratitya samutpadavada 4. Universals: the Nyaya‐Buddhist debate. 5. Abhava. 6. Special padarthas: visesa, samavaya. 7. The Self. SUGGESTED READINGS: Swami Satprakasananda : The Methods of Knowledge. D. M. Datta : The Six Ways of Knowing. S. Chatterjee : The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge. Srinivasa Rao : Perceptual Error: The Indian Theories. S. K. Maitra : Fundamental Questions of Indian Metaphysics and Logic. Sarasvati Chennakesavan : Concepts of Indian Philosophy. S. Radhakrishnan : Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II. Satkari Mukherjee : The Buddhist Philosophy of Flux. S. Kuppuswami Sastri : The Primer of Indian Logic. Jadunath Sinha : Indian Realism. P. K. Mukhopadhyaya : Indian Realism. Dharmendra Nath Sastri : Critique of Indian Realism. Kedarnath Tiwari : Bhartiya Tarkashastra Parichaya.
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Generic Elective Paper‐III
EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS (Western)
Marks : 80+20 Semester – III Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
Part – I : EPISTEMOLOGY 1. Knowledge: definition and kinds; different uses of the word ‘know’; propositional and
non‐propositional knowledge; necessary and sufficient conditions of propositional knowledge.
2. Theories of Knowledge: rationalism, empiricism, Criticism (Kant). 3. Apriori knowledge: a priori and a posteriori; analytic and synthetic; the problem of
synthetic a priori. 4. Theories of truth: correspondence; coherence; pragmatic.
Part – II : METAPHYSICS
1. Metaphysics: its nature, necessity and methods. 2. Substance and property. 3. Idealism; materialism; dualism; neutralism; monism; pluralism. 4. Space and Time. 5. Causality. 6. Mind‐body relation. 7. Freedom and Determinism.
SUGGESTED READINGS: John Hospers : An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. A. J. Ayer : The Central Questions of Philosophy. Bertrand Russell : The Problems of Philosophy. A. D. Woozley : Theory of Knowledge. Gilbert Ryle : The Concept of Mind (relevant chapters). H. W. Walsh : Reason and Experience. D. W. Hamlyn : Theory of Knowledge. D. W. Hamlyn : Metaphysics. Richard Taylor : Metaphysics. Edwards & Pap (Eds.) : A Modern Introduction to Philosophy. L. Pojman : Introduction to Philosophy.
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Generic Elective Paper‐ IV ETHICS (Indian and Western)
Marks : 80+20 Semester – IV Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five out of eight questions.
PART I : INDIAN ETHICS
1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; theory of karma. 2. Dharma: its meaning, definition, classification; vidhi, nisedha, arthavada. 3. Niskama karma. 4. Purusarthas and their inter‐relations; purusartha sadhana. 5. Buddhist ethics: the Four Noble Truths. 6. Jaina ethics: anuvratas and mahavratas.
PART II : WESTERN ETHICS
1. Introduction: concerns and presuppositions; free will. 2. Teleological ethics: egoism; hedonism; utilitarianism. 3. Deontological ethics: Kant. 4. Intuitionism. 5. Virtue ethics: Plato and Aristotle. 6. Theories of Punishment.
SUGGESTED READINGS: I. C. Sharma : Ethical Philosophies of India. S. K. Maitra : The Ethics of the Hindus. Surama Dasgupta : Development of Moral Philosophy in India. M. Hiriyanna : The Indian Conception of Values. P. V. Kane : The History of the Dharmasastras, Vol. I. W. Frankena : Ethics. W. Lillie : An Introduction to Ethics. J. D. Mabbott : Introduction to Ethics. J. Hospers : Human Conduct. Rosalind Hursthorne : Virtue Ethics. Kant : Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. J. S. Mill : Utilitarianism. W. D. Hudson : Modern Moral Philosophy.
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Philippa Foot (Ed) : Theories of Ethics. R. M. Hare : The Language of Morals. H. J. Paton : The Moral Law. Plato : Charmides and Protagoras. Aristotle : Nichomachean Ethics. Bernard Williams : Morality: An Introduction to Ethics. J. L. Mackie : Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. B. Williams & J.J.C. Smart : Utilitarianism: For and Against. C. D. Broad : Five Types of Ethical Theory.
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Generic Elective Paper‐V
HISTORY OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Marks : 80+20 Semester – V Credits – 6.
Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
1. Plato: Theory of Ideas, theory of knowledge; knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa). 2. Aristotle: Critique of Plato’s theory of Forms; potentiality and actuality; soul; God. 3. Descartes: The need for method in philosophy; method of doubt; cogito ergo sum;
mind‐body interaction; God: proofs for His existence. 4. Spinoza: Substance, attributes and modes; pantheism; mind‐body problem. 5. Leibnitz: Monadology; doctrine of pre‐established harmony. 6. Locke: Ideas and their classification; refutation of innate ideas; substance; qualities:
primary and secondary. 7. Berkeley: Rejection of abstract ideas; rejection of the distinction between primary and
secondary qualities; esse est percipi. 8. Hume: Impressions and ideas; relations of ideas and scepticism. 9. Kant: Conception of critical philosophy; synthetic a priori judgments; space and time;
categories of the understanding; phenomena and noumena.
SUGGESTED READINGS: F. Thilly : A History of Philosophy. F. Copleston : A History of Philosophy. D. J. O’Connor : A Critical History of Western Philosophy. B. Russell : History of Western Philosophy. C. R. Morris : Locke, Berkeley and Hume. A. K. Rogers : A Student’s History of Philosophy. W. K. Wright : A History of Modern Philosophy. S. Korner : Kant. W. T. Stace : A Critical History of Greek Philosophy. Roger Scruton : A History of Philosophy from Descartes to Wittgenstein. Jonathan Bennet : Locke, Berkeley, Hume. John Cottingham : The Rationalists.
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Generic Elective Paper ‐ VI MODERN INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
Marks : 80+20 Semester – VI Credits – 6. Students are required to answer five questions out of eight.
1. Swami Vivekananda: Universal religion, practical Vedanta.
2. Sri Aurobindo: Reality as ‘sat‐chit‐ananda’, evolution.
3. Mohammad Iqbal: Intellect and intuition.
4. Ravindranath Tagore: Man and God.
5. S. Radhakrishnan: The idealist view of life.
6. Vinoba Bhave: Bhoodan Andolan.
7. M. K. Gandhi: Truth, non‐violence.
8. B. R. Ambedkar: Neo‐Buddhism.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Basant Kumar Lal: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Delhi,1999. T. M. P. Mahadevan & C. V. Saroja: Contemporary Indian Philosophy, Madras, 1985. Benay Gopal Ray: Contemporary Indian Philosophers, Allahabad, 1957. V. S. Naravane: Modern Indian Thought, Bombay, 1964. Swami Vivekananda: Practical Vedanta, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 1964. Sri Aurobindo: Integral Yoga, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama, 1972. Sri Aurobindo: The Life Divine, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashrama. M. Iqbal: Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore: Ashraf, 1980. R. Tagore: Religion of Man, London: Unwin Books, 1961. Radhakrishnan & Muirhead(Eds): Contemporary Indian Philosophy, George Allen & Unwin, 1958. S. Radhakrishnan: An Idealist View of Life, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1957. Mahatma Gandhi: Hind Swaraj, New Delhi: Publications Division, 1993.
A.R. Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Vol. I, Bombay: Education Dept. Govt. of Maharashtra, 1979. Dada Dharmadhikari: Sarvodaya Darshan, Sarva‐Seva‐Sangha Prakashan, Varanasi.
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ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ I
Marks: 50 Semester – I Credits – 2. Hindi / English
Syllabus as framed by the VBU.
ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE ‐ II
Marks: 50 Semester – II Credits – 2. Environmental Science
Syllabus as framed by the VBU.
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SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE ‐ I
Marks: 50 Semester – III Credits – 2.
LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ I
8. Analogy. 9. Cause‐Effect Reasoning. 10. Scientific hypothesis: Valid and Invalid, Proofs. 11. Technique of symbolization; proof construction: direct, indirect. 12. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 13. Argument and argument‐forms; truth‐tables; reductio ad absurdum; normal forms. 14. Testing the validity of arguments.
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – II
Marks: 50 Semester – IV Credits – 2.
LOGIC AND REASONING ‐ II
8. Boolean interpretation of propositions; Venn diagram technique of testing the validity of syllogisms.
9. Decision making and Problem Solving 10. Truth‐functions: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence. 11. Logical and Analytical Reasoning 12. Classification 13. Blood Relations. 14. Coding‐Decoding.
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SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – III
Marks: 50 Semester – V Credits – 2.
1. What is a Computer?
2. Advantages of computer.
3. Types of computers.
4. History of the development of Binary Code.
5. Introduction to Computer Languages.
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE – IV
Marks: 50 Semester – VI Credits – 2.
1. Basic elements of Computer System.
2. Microsoft Office Word 2007.
3. Microsoft Office Excel 2007.
4. Microsoft Office Power Point 2007.