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learnthe

basics

fkdfõ ææ

bia,duh wka;jd§

wd.ula

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foúhka jykafia fufia mjihs(

—ljqreka fyda kslrefKa ñksfil=j

>d;kh lrkafkao" Tyq ñksia

j¾.dhdju >d;kh lrkafkl=

fuka njg m;a jkafkah' ;jo

ljqreka flfkl=f.a Ôú;h

fírd.kafkao" Tyq ñksia

j¾.hdf.au Ôú; fírd.kafkl=

fuka njg m;a jkafkah'˜

w,a-l=¾wdkh 5(32

—;jo wka whf.a

ms<sl=," Tnj idOdrK

úksYapfhka j<lajd

fkdisáh hq;=h'

idOdrK;ajfhka isákqæ

th hy u.g b;du;a

iómh'

w,a-l=¾wdkh 5(8

hqoaOhl§ jqjo"

foúhkajykafia�uqia,sïjreka

yg wka;jd§ka fkdjk

f,ig meyeÈ,sj 2(190 fPaofha

mjid we;'

—'''' tfiau Tnf.a iSud blaujd

fkdhkak'''' ˜

bia,duh wkaO m,s.ekSfï

fÉ;kdjka j<lajhs'

;%ia;jdoh ms<sn`oj woyia

;%ia;jdoh ms<sn`oj woyia fyda u; úuiqul§ we;sjk m%Odk

m%Yakh jkafka Bg ;ju;a talu;slj ms<s.; yels w¾:

l:khla fkdue;s úuhs' tf,iu" ;%ia;jdoh my; fmkajd

we;s wdldrhg úúOdldr yev .kafka h'

frdnÜ *siala (Robert Fisk)" o bkaäfmkavkaÜ (The Indepen-dent) mqj;am;g fufia mjid we;'#

—BY%dh,h iy BY%dh,fha ñ;% yuqod ish i,a,d,lï in%d iy

YÜ,d ys ;snQ m,ia;Sk wkd: l`ojqre j, wdrïN l<y

^1982-09-16&" f;Èkla ;siafia ia;%Ska ¥IKh lrñka" msys j,ska

lmd fldgd urd ouñka cSú; 1800la úkdY l<y' bkamiq

BY%dh,h f,nkkh wdl%uKh lf<ah' fuh lrkq ,enqfõ

f,nkkfha isg PLO ^m,ia;Sk úuqla;s ixúOdkh& fkrmd

oeóughs" fudjqkg fuu wdl%uKfha § weußldj wkqn,

ÿkafkah' fï ksid f,nkka fukau m,ia;Sk ñksiqka 17200l

ixLHdjla urKhg m;ajQy' u<jqka ish,a,kau mdfya idudkH

isú,a ck;dj h' ˜

uydpd¾hH fkdjdï fpdïials (Professor Noam Chomsky) ork�u;h�jkafka" —weußld tlai;a ckmoh ;%ia;jdofha

uQ,sl;ajh ork rdcHhhla njg lsis`ÿ ielhla ke;' ;jo

wka;¾cd;sl ;%ia;jdoh i`oyd jQ Wiiau ffk;sl wdh;kh

u`.ska fy<d olskq ,enQ tlu rdcHho thhs(

The International Court of Justice in 1986.”

tf,iu" —1995 § fi%n%ksld yS § ksrdhqOj isá uqia,sïjre

8000la wuq wuqfõ urd oeóh" kuq;a fuh lsis úfgl;a

l%sia;shdkqjkaf.a u¾OkldÍ oreKq ms<sfj;la f,i f,dj

mqrd m%p,s; jQfha ke;˜' -

ú,shï ve,aßïm,a" o bkaäfmkavkaÜ" UKWilliam Dalrymple, The Independent UK.

—f.jqKQ oYl yh ;=< ngysr ls%ia;shdks rdcHh kdhlhka

l< ñksia ixydrhka f,i"�iuq,�ñksia >d;khkaa" f,dal

hqoAOhka" mrudKq fndaïn fy,Sï" ksoyia wr., u¾Okhka"

hqO .sks weú,Sï" kHIAál n,h�w;am;a�lr.ekSu�fukau

taldêm;s md,k iy rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ;%ia;jdo

l%shdldrlï�j,g rel=,a §ï�ms<snoj�i,ld�ne,Sfï§

bia,duh iycfhkau oreKqh ^wd.ula fyda YSIAgdpdrjla

fyda f,i& hk woyi b;d jHdc tlla nj meyeÈ,s fõ˜ -

rdud uks ^wdrCIl m%;sm;a;s i`oyd jQ cskSjd

flakao%ia:dkh& Rama Mani (Geneva Centre for Security Policy)

hqfoõ fukau l%sia;shdks ;%ia;jdohg fujeks�jQ fndfyda

WodyrK we;" tkuq;a ish`Mu l%sia;shdkqjka yd hqfoõjka

;%ia;jd§ka hehs�lshd�yxjvq�.eish�fkdyel" tf,iskau

we;eï uqia,sïjreka l< wlghq;=lï�fya;=fjka iEu

uqia,sïjreka�foiu�jerÈ�f,i�fkdne,sh hq;=h'

bia,duh ;%ia;jdoh fy<d ols

wkdrCIs; wysxil isú,a ck;djf.a is;a ;=< ìh we;s lsÍu"

f.dvke`.s,s iy foam, uyd mßudKfhka úkdY lsÍu"

fndaïn fy,Su" wysxil ckhdg"�ldka;djkag�yd�orejkag�

ydks�muqKqùu"�bia,duhg iy uqia,sïjrfhl=g ms<sl=,a jQ

mdm l%shdjka fõ'

ngysr rdcH j,ska fmdaIKh jk ;%ia;jdoh f,dj wka

ish`M ;%ia;jdohkag jvd jeäfhka cSú; fukau YÍr wx.o

ì,s f.k we;'

tla ;ks uqia,sïjrfhl= úiska�;%ia;jd§ l%shdjl kshe,qfka

kï Tyq bia,dóh kS;s Í;sj,g mgyeksj ls%hdlr we;'

tfia kï tjeks l%shdjla ksid iEu uqia,sïjrfhl=u fy<d

oelSu fl;rï widOdrK o@

uqia,sïjre

wkq.ukh�lrkafka

tlu�foúhkajykafia

f.a�wKmk;a�j,g�h

g;a�jk iduldó"

ohdfjka msreKq

wd.uls' fuf,i

uqia,sïjrekag

úreoaOj

t,a,jk�fpdaokd�j,

g�iuyrla udOH

yiqrjkakka

bjy,a�ù�we;'�

bia,duh wka;jd§ wd.ula fkdfõ'æ

Tnf.a O¾uh

fjkqfjka Tn iu. igka

fkdlrk yd Tnf.a ksfjia

j,ska Tnj mkakd fkd±uQ

whg lreKdj ±laùuo Tjqka

iu. idOdrK;ajfhka

lghq;= lsÍuo w,a,dya

j<ljkafka ke;˜ .

w,a,dya idOdrKjka;hskaj

m%sh lrkafkah'

w,a-l=¾wdkh 60(8

''' wka;jd§ wd.ulao @

bia,duh'''

—bia,dóh ;%ia;jd§ka æææ uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujd§ka æææ wka;jd§ka

æææ úma,jjd§ka æææ˜ hkd§ jYfhka uE; hq.fha uqia,sïjrekag

yd bia,dóh lKavdhïj,g we;eï wh úiska f,an,a w,jd

we;'

udOH úiska ksrEmKh lrk ,o fndre ujd mEï fya;=fjka"

bia,duh ms<sn`o oekqula ke;s whg fuu iduldó iy

idOdrK bia,dï O¾uh .ek jeros jegySula we;s lr ;sfí'

—udf.a m<mqreoao wkqj mjikjd kï TiafÜ%,shdkq

uqia,sïjrekaf.a tÈfkod lghq;= j, yd Tjqkaj

TiafÜ%,shdfõ udOH ksrEmKh lrk wdldrh w;r b;d

úYd, mr;rhla mj;sk nj ug fmfka'˜ hkqfjka"

wjqreÿ 30lg jvd jeäld,hla ckudOHfõÈfhl= f,i

fiajh mSg¾ ueksx l< “us and them” hk fmdf;ys tfia

i`oyka lr we;'

60] lg;a wêl wjia:dj,§ b;d m%lg mqj;am;a u.ska

m%pKAv;ajh" urK" myr §ï" >d;k" ish Èú kid .ekSï"

;=jlal= lre hk jpkj,g hdnoj m,ia;Skqjka" wrdîkA"

uqia,sïjreka" bia,dï hk jpk o iïnkaO lr we;'

tfia n,k úg ñksiqka bia,duh" ;%ia;jdoh iu`. iïnkaO

lr l;d lsÍu mqÿuhla fkdfõ'

fkdoekqj;alu ksid isÿjk m%Yak fl;rï o lsjfyd;a"

TiafÜ%,shdj ;=< l< iólaIKhlska fy,s jQfha tys isák

;=fkka mx.=jla muK ñksiqka bia,dï ms<sn`oj lsisÿ fohla

fkdokakd njhs'

TiafÜ%,shdkq - bkaÿkSishdkq wdh;kh (Australia-Indonesia Institute) u`.ska fuu ud;Dldj ms<sn`oj

wOHhkh lsÍug m;a l< wdpd¾hH vka (Dr Dunn) uy;d

mejiQfha —bia,duhg ìh úug jvd;au iïNdú;djhla

we;af;a uqia,sïjreka iu`. lsis`ÿ iïnkaO;djhla

fkdmj;ajk iy ta ms<Sn`oj lsis`ÿ oekqula fkdue;s wh

njhs'˜

ngysr udOH bia,duhg úreoaOj we;s keUqrej;a" ñksiqkaf.a

fkdoekqj;a lu;a ksid bia,duh ms<sn`oj ksjeros wjfnd-

aOhla Tjqka ;=< we;súug th ndOdjla úh yelsh'

w,a-l=¾wdkh wkqj ^foúhka jykafiaf.a wK& iy y§ia

^jla;D uqyïuoa ;=ud mejiQ oE& wkqj fuu oyu ;=< lsis`ÿ

wka;jdohlg iïmQ¾Kfhkau bv fkdue;'

l=¾-wdkh jrojd f;areï .; yels wdldr

l=¾-wdkh iy y§ia lshjd f;areï .ekSfï§" th my< flre-

fKa lskï wjia:djlo" ke;skï lskï mßirhl§ o yd tys

ft;sydisl miqìuo i<ld ne,sh hq;=fõs' my; oelafjk

l=¾wdka jelsho tjeks jerÈ wdldrhg jgyd .ekSug bv

m%ia:dj jeäh'

—;jo Tn Tjqkaj ÿgq ;ek urd oukq' Tnj fldfya isg msgux

lr ±uqfõo" Tn;a Tjqkaj t;ekska msgux lr oukq' foúhkaf.a

O¾ufhka wE;a lsÍu i|yd ñksiqkag ysxid lsÍu" >d;khg

jvd kmqreh' kuq;a Tjqka Tn iu. Y=oaO jQ keuÿïmf<ys§

igka lrk ;=re" Tn Tjqka iu. igka fkdlrkq' tfy;a

Tjqka Tn iu. igkgu meñfKkafka kï Tjqkaj urd oukq'

fuh m%;slafIamlhskag M,úmdl jYfhka jkafkah'

w,a-l=¾wdkh 2(191

iuyr wjia:dj,§ by; jelsh�my;�wdldrhg lmd fldgd

jerÈs wkaoñka Ndú;d fldg we;' —;jo Tjqkaj ÿgq ;ek urd

oukq˜' w,a-l=¾wdkh 2(191

th ÿgqúg wksjd¾hHfhkau kef`.k m%Yakhla kï —ueßh

hq;af;a ldjo˜ @ hkakhs' thg ms<S;=r ,nd .ekSug kï Bg

fmr yd miq fPao o lshjd ne,sh hq;= fõ'

—;jo w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fhys Tn iu. igka lrkakka iu.

Tn;a igka lrkq' iSudj blaujd fkdhkq' we;af;kau w,a,dya

iSudj blaujkakkaj m%sh lrkafka ke;˜' w,a-l=¾wdkh 2(190

2#190 ys mjid we;af;a"�ljqreka fyda Tn iu`. igkg tkúg

wd;audrCIdj Wfoid igka lrk f,ihs''' Bg miq fPaoh 2#192

—kuq;a Tjqka je<lS isáhfyd;a w,a,dya ks;e;skau laIud

lrkafkls' ^Tyq& buy;a wkqlïmd iy.; jkafkah˜'

w,a-l=¾wdkh 2(192

fuu fPaoh my< jQfha foúhkajykafiaf.a talSh;ajh ;rfha

úYajdi l< uqia,sïjrekaj Tjqka isá ksfjiaj,ska weo oud

m<jd yer oeuQ jljdkqjla ;=<§S h' Tjqka jir oyhlg wêl

ld,hla ÿla .eyeg ú`o wjidkfha wdrCIdj ,efnk

ia:dkhlg hEug ;SrKh l<y'

by; fPaofhka ZTjqkaZ f,i y`ÿkajd § we;af;a toji isá

ms<su jkaokdlrejkah' Tjqka uqia,sïjreka u¾Okh lsÍug

fkdl< fohla ke;' tu ksid tu fPaoh Ndú;dl< yelafla

tjeksu jQ wjia:djkaj,§ muKS'

fuh wjqreÿ 23la mqrd l,ska l,g my< jQjls' ;j;a ie<lsh

hq;= lreKla kï th my<jQfha wrdì NdIdfjks' tu ksid tys

mßj¾;khka lshùfï§ iq`M jYfhka fyda jerÈ jegySula

lshjkakd ;=< we;súh yel'

wkque;sh ,nd § we;s hqoaO $ igka

wksjd¾hHfhkau wka iEu ukqIH fldÜGdYhlg u fuka

uqia,sïjrekago ysxid mSvd" wiykldß oE isÿjk wjia:djka

j,§ thg tfrysj ke.S isg th uq,skqmqgd oeóug

whs;sjdislula we;' bia,duh" iudch jO ysxidfjka wdrCId

lsÍug;a" iudc iqNidOkh Wfoid hqoaO lsÍug wjir ,nd §

we;'

fuu hqoaOhkays iAjNdjh wjia:dj

wkqj fjkia fõ' tkï th

u¾OkldÍ fyda wdrlaIdldÍ úh

yel' bia,dufhyso fjk;a

wd.ï�fukau meje;aug ;¾ckhla

t,a, jQ úg wdrCId úug whs;sh

,nd § we;'

—hqoaOh

ljqreka úiska we;s

lf<ao" Tjqkag tfrysj

igka lsÍug wkque;sh

,nd § we;af;uq'

ukaoh;a Tjqka wmrdO

l< neúks˜'

w,a-l=¾wdkh 22(39

—;jo Tjqka

iduh foig keUqre

jqjfyd;a ^Tn;a& tA foig

keUqre jkq' foúhka u;u

úYajdih ;nkq' Tyq

ish,a,kag ijka fokaf-

kah' ish,a, fyd¢ka

okafkah'

w,a-l=¾wdkh 8(61

flfia fyda i;=rd ish

úreoaO;ajh w;yeßh úg

^n,h wvq ú wkqlïmdj

wfmaCId lrk úg&" Tjqka

iu`. igka lsÍu

uqia,sïjreka keje;aúh

hq;=h'

hqOhlg�iyNd.S�jk�wjia:dfõ§ uqia,sïjreka flfia yeisßh

hq;=o�hkak ms<snoj" uqyïuoa kì;=udf.a l,aHdK ñ;%hd

fukau bia,dóh rdcHfha m%:u kdhlhd" jq wnQnla¾ ;=ud

mejiQ ± i,ld n,uq'

hqO msáfha § uqia,sïjrfhl= fkdl< hq;= foaj,a -

à fødayslï

à ñh .sh mqoa.,fhl=f.a YÍrfha fldgia lmd yer úlD;s lsÍu

à ksjeros u`.ska neyerj ls%hdlsÍu

à frda.sfhl=" uy,af,l=" ia;%shl fyda orefjl= ueÍu

à .ia lemSu fyda tajdg ydks lsÍu - úfYaIfhkau t, ork .ia

à i;=rdf.a i;=ka wdydrhg ñi fjk;a fya;=ka i`oyd ueÍu

à mQcljreka yg ysxid lsÍu