virginia firescapes · 2020. 1. 29. · ld 5655 v· .. a762 ~ • no • 4 3 o-cooperative 3 o o...
TRANSCRIPT
LD 5655 v· .. A762 ~ • no • 4 3 o- Cooperative 3 o o Extension Horticulture c. 2
Virginia Firescapes Fire wise Landscaping for Woodland Homes
In Virginia, one of every three forest fires now threatens at least one woodland home. Forest fires damaged 98 structures in 1995 and 40 in 1996.
The Firescape
When the forest becomes a community, forest fires and homes are inseparable.
A home in a woodland setting is surrounded by flammable vegetation. Firewise landscaping can help you create a defensible space or buffer zone around your home. This not only helps to keep fire from approaching your woodland home, but it also provides a safe space in which firefighters can work.
Your goal in fire wise landscaping should be to "break the chain" of fuel between homes and natural vegetation. Examine the yard and determine what can catch fire and what can carry fire to the house.
aatList
ne~ shru~ ~QOversand vines lis.ted in this publloatioo have been assigned a general tlNOIWlb-Uity :rating to ~ yo\J create a firewise h•nds.eape around )"our . wQQ,dltmd hom~.. SoJM plants ate more fire.. fesistant than others, but THERE ARE NOmtE . ..PR.OOFPLANm 1JNDRR BX:fREME fiRE CONDITIONS ALL ~LANTS WILLB1lRN!
The loc3tion of plants, in ~ y~ ~ ~ys. be carefullypl~ T•t unap •~ spaelg aad deasltJGfMmts'tbatp,owUOUBd tltt eaa awW .tlat speehs an kfL
Virginia IIJlTech •
Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all , regardless of race. color. religion , sex, age, ve teran status.
national ori gin, disability. o r political affi liati on. An equal opportunity/affirmative act ion employer. Issued in furtherance of
Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State Uni versity, and the U.S. Department
of Agriculture cooperating. C. Clark Jones. Director, Virg inia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg;
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Lorenza W. Lyons, Admini strator, I 890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg .
AND STATE UNIVERSITY VT/0698/ 1 OM/983955/430300 VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY
LD 5l4 5'S I711.P2 no. 4.30 • 3oo
Landscaping Zones c. 2... Choose Special Trees and Shrubs
Landscaping zones should be used when planning for fire protection.
Zone 1: house to 5 ft. from house-Have nothing flammable next to the house, including trees, brush, tall grass, leaves, firewood piles, bark mulch and other burnables. Carefully examine decks overhanging dense vegetation and trees overhanging thehouse for possible fire transfer.
Zone 2: 5 ft. to 10 ft. from house -Maintain a well kept lawn and avoid evergreens that catch frre easily and bum quickly. Use raised beds, rock gardens, stone walkways, walls and patios to create visual interest while maintaining a fuel break. Any trees used in this zone should be kept small and should be at least 10 ft. from the house. Leave 10-15-ft. spaces between tree crowns, and prune or limb trees to a height of 10-15 ft. up from the ground.
Zone 3: 30ft. to 100ft. from houseRemove yard debris and thin vegetation out to at least 30 ft. from the house. Clear and thin up to 100 ft. on the downhill side. Shrubs and groundcovers should be well maintained, kept free of dead material, and kept small. Control brush and weeds annually. Steep slopes can be terraced to slow wildfires down.
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Land§caping Zones
Trees and shrubs with the following characteristics are more desirable to have in a firewise landscape:
High leaf moisture and low leaf oil or resin content. Minimal litter and accumulated debris potential. Limited foliage and few dead branches. Low overall height. Open, loose branching habit. Easy maintenance and low pruning requirements. Drought resistant
Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force
Bonnie Lee Appleton Hampton Roads AREC, Virginia Tech
Cindy L. Frenzel Virginia Department of Forestry
Julie B. Hillegass Virginia Dare Soil and Water Conservation
District
Robert E. Lyons Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech
Larry G. Steward Land Stewards of North American, Ltd.
LIS
TS
OF
"M
OR
E O
R L
ES
S"
FO
RE
ST
FIR
E-P
RO
NE
T
RE
ES
, SH
RU
BS
AN
D G
RO
UN
D C
OV
ER
S
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing:
H =
Hig
h M
=M
ediu
m
L=
Lo
w
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e C
omm
on N
ame
Ace
r ne
gund
o B
oxel
der
Ace
r pa
lmat
um
Japa
nese
map
le
Ace
r pe
nsyl
vani
cum
S
trip
ed m
aple
A
cer
plat
anoi
des
Nor
way
map
le
Ace
r ru
brum
R
ed/S
wam
p m
aple
A
cer
sacc
hari
num
S
ilve
r/R
iver
/Sof
t Map
le
Ace
r sa
ccha
rum
S
ugar
/Roc
k/H
ard
Map
le
Ace
r sp
icat
um
Mou
ntai
n m
aple
A
escu
lus
hipp
ocas
tanu
m
Hor
sech
estn
ut
Aes
culu
s pa
via
Red
buc
keye
A
lbiz
ia ju
libr
issi
n M
imos
a, S
ilkt
ree
Am
elan
chie
r ar
bore
a D
owny
ser
vice
berr
y, S
hadb
low
A
ralia
spi
nosa
D
evil
' s w
alki
ngst
ick
Asi
min
a tr
ilob
a P
awpa
w
Bet
ula
alle
ghan
iens
is
Yel
l ow
bir
ch
Bet
ula
leot
a B
lack
bir
ch
Bet
ula
nigr
a R
iver
bir
ch
Bet
ula
papy
rife
ra
Pap
er/W
hite
/Can
oe b
irch
B
etul
a pe
ndul
a E
urop
ean
whi
te b
irch
B
rous
sone
tia
papy
rife
ra
Pap
er m
ulbe
rry
Car
pinu
s ca
roli
nian
a H
ornb
eam
C
arya
cor
difo
rmis
B
itte
rnut
hic
kory
C
arya
gla
bra
Pig
nut h
icko
ry
Car
ya il
lino
iens
is
Pec
an
Car
ya o
vata
S
hagb
ark
hick
ory
Car
ya to
men
tosa
M
ocke
rnut
hic
kory
C
asta
nea
dent
ata
Am
eric
an c
hest
nut
Cas
tane
a m
olli
ssim
a C
hine
se c
hest
nut
Cat
alpa
big
noni
oide
s S
outh
ern
cata
lpa
Cat
alpa
spe
cios
a N
orth
ern
cata
lpa
Cel
tis
laev
igat
a S
ugar
berr
y C
elti
s oc
cide
ntal
is
Com
mon
hac
kber
ry
Cer
cis
cana
dens
is
Eas
tern
red
bud
Chi
oant
hus
virg
inic
us
Fri
nge t
ree
Cla
dras
tis
kent
ucke
a Y
ello
ww
ood
Com
us f
lori
da
Flo
wer
ing
dogw
ood
Com
us k
ousa
K
ousa
/Chi
nese
dog
woo
d C
rata
egus
cru
s-ga
lli
Coc
kspu
r ha
wth
orn
Cra
teag
us p
haen
opyr
um
Was
hing
ton
haw
thor
n D
iosp
yros
vir
gini
ana
Per
sim
mon
E
laea
gnus
ang
usti
foli
a R
ussi
an-o
live
Fa
gus
gran
difo
lia
Am
eric
an b
eech
F
agus
syl
vati
ca
Eur
opea
n be
ech
Frax
inus
am
eric
ana
Whi
te a
sh
Fra
xinu
s ni
gra
Bla
ck a
sh
Frax
inus
pen
nsyl
vani
ca
Gre
en a
sh
Gin
kgo
bilo
ba
Gin
ko,
Mai
denh
air
tree
DE
CID
UO
US
TR
EE
S
Nat
ive
to V
A
Use
N
s Sp
N
Sp
,S
s N
S
,Sp
N
s N
S
,Sp
N
S
,Sc
S,S
p
N
Sc
Sp
N
Sp
,Sc
N
Sp
N
Sp,S
N
S
,Sp
N
S
,Sp
N
S
,Sp
N
S
p,S
S
p,S
L
s N
s
N
s N
S
,Sp
N
s
N
s N
s
N
s S,S
p
N
s N
s
N
s N
s
N
Sp,S
N
Sp
Sp
,S
N
Sp,S
Sp
,S
N
Sp
N
Sp
N
s Sc,
S
N
S,S
p
S,S
p N
s
N
s N
s S
,Sp
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing
Use
: S
= S
hade
Sp
= S
peci
men
Sc
=S
cree
n
Com
men
ts
F =
Fou
ndat
ion
H =
Hed
ge
GC
= G
roun
d C
over
L
Tol
erat
es p
oor
soils
, pH
ada
ptab
le.
Sho
rt li
ved.
L
R
equi
res
a sh
elte
red
loca
tion.
Not
hea
t/dr
ough
t tol
eran
t. L
P
refe
rs s
hade
. M
T
oler
ates
a w
ide
rang
e o
f soi
l co
ndit
ions
. L
T
oler
ates
wet
soi
l co
ndit
ions
. L
B
ritt
le,
wea
k w
ood
is e
asil
y br
oken
in w
ind
and
ice
stor
ms.
L
S
usce
ptib
le to
aci
d ra
in d
amag
e an
d ro
ad d
e-ic
ing
salts
. N
ot h
eat
tole
rant
. L
B
est i
n w
oode
d co
ndit
ions
. L
S
usce
ptib
le to
man
y di
seas
es,
pH a
dapt
able
. Not
hea
t to
lera
nt.
L
Sm
all,
shr
ubby
. M
V
ery
adap
tabl
e to
hig
h pH
, so
il s
alin
ity
and
drou
ght.
Sho
rt li
ved.
L
T
oler
ant o
f dr
ough
t, bu
t no
t ai
r po
llut
ion.
L
T
oler
ates
poo
r so
ils
and
urba
n co
ndit
ions
. D
ange
rous
spi
nes.
L
T
oler
ant o
f w
et s
oils
, ed
ible
fru
its.
L
Not
tol
eran
t o
f hea
t/dr
ough
t. L
S
imil
ar to
abo
ve s
peci
es.
L
Tol
erat
es w
et s
oils
, no
t to
lera
nt o
f pH
abo
ve 6
.5.
L
Inse
ct p
robl
ems,
not
hea
t tol
eran
t. S
houl
d no
t be
use
d in
dif
ficu
lt,
poll
uted
sit
es.
Pron
e to
bro
nze
birc
h bo
rer
dam
age.
Not
hea
t to
lera
nt.
H
Tol
erat
es m
ost s
oil
cond
itio
ns,
also
hea
t an
d dr
ough
t. W
eedy
. L
T
oler
ates
wet
soi
ls a
nd p
erio
dic
floo
ding
. ·
L
Fas
t gr
owin
g hi
ckor
y. G
row
n fr
om s
eed
only
, as
with
all
hick
orie
s.
L
Tol
erat
es v
arie
d so
ils.
L
Val
uabl
e fo
r fr
uits
. L
In
tere
stin
g, p
eeli
ng b
ark.
L
T
oler
ates
var
ied
soils
. L
Fe
w f
ound
due
to b
light
. M
T
oler
ates
hot
, dr
y cl
imat
es.
L
Tol
erat
es m
any
soil
type
s, a
lso
hot,
dry
site
s.
L
Tol
erat
es m
any
soil
type
s, a
lso
hot,
dry
site
s.
L
Tol
erat
es m
any
soil
type
s an
d co
ndit
ions
. L
T
oler
ates
win
d an
d po
or s
oils
, pH
ada
ptab
le.
L
Ada
pts
to u
rban
con
diti
ons.
L
T
oler
ates
par
tial
sha
de a
nd a
ir p
ollu
tion
. L
P
rune
in s
umm
er.
Not
hea
t to
lera
nt.
L
Not
sui
tabl
e fo
r ho
t, d
ry,
expo
sed
area
s or
in p
oorl
y dr
aine
d so
ils.
L
Will
not
tol
erat
e w
et s
oils
. M
ore
heat
tol
eran
t th
an a
bove
spe
cies
. L
S
tem
s ar
e co
vere
d w
ith l
arge
tho
rns.
Sus
cept
ible
to r
ust
dise
ases
. L
S
tem
s ar
e co
vere
d w
ith l
arge
tho
rns.
S
usce
ptib
le to
rus
t di
seas
es.
L
Tol
erat
es p
oor,
dry
soi
ls,
pH a
dapt
able
. L
S
alt
tole
rant
and
wit
hsta
nds
drou
ght.
Not
hea
t to
lera
nt,
wee
dy.
M
Roo
t sy
stem
is e
asil
y da
mag
ed b
y co
nstr
ucti
on.
Nee
ds g
ood
soils
. M
D
oes
not
tole
rate
hea
t w
ell.
L
Goo
d re
sist
ance
to h
eat
and
drou
ght.
L
Tol
erat
es w
et s
oils
and
per
iodi
c fl
oodi
ng.
L
Tol
erat
es d
roug
ht, h
igh
soil
pH, s
alt
and
poor
soi
ls.
L
Urb
an t
oler
ant.
Fru
its
are
unsi
ghtl
y an
d m
alod
orou
s, u
se m
ale
cult
ivar
s.
DE
CID
UO
US
TR
EE
S
Nat
ive
Fla
mm
abil
ity
S
cien
tifi
c N
ame
Co
mm
on
Nam
e to
VA
U
se
Rat
ing
C
om
men
ts
Gle
dits
ia t
rian
cant
hos
var.
iner
mis
T
horn
less
hon
eylo
cust
N
s
L
Tol
erat
es d
roug
ht,
soil
sal
ts a
nd h
igh
pH.
Use
tho
rnle
ss f
orm
s, a
s th
orns
are
dan
gero
us.
Gym
nocl
adus
dio
icus
K
entu
cky
coff
eetr
ee
N
s L
T
oler
ates
dro
ught
and
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s.
Hal
esia
car
olin
a C
arol
ina
silv
erbe
ll
N
Sp
L
Pre
fers
moi
st s
oil.
Und
erst
ory
tree
. Ju
glan
s ci
nere
a B
utte
rnut
N
s
L
Slo
w g
row
ing.
Tol
erat
es v
arie
d co
ndit
ions
. Ju
glan
s ni
gra
Bla
ck w
alnu
t N
s
L
Pri
me
tim
ber
tree
. P
hyto
toxi
c to
man
y ot
her
plan
ts.
Koe
lreu
teri
a pa
nicu
lata
G
olde
nrai
ntre
e S
p,S
L
T
oler
ates
hea
t, d
roug
ht,
air
pol
luti
on a
nd p
oor
fert
ilit
y.
Liq
uida
mba
r st
yrac
iflu
a S
wee
tgum
N
S
,Sp
L
S
uita
ble
tree
for
wet
soi
ls.
Lir
iode
ndro
n tu
lipi
fera
T
ulip
tree
, T
ulip
pop
lar
N
S,S
p
L
Doe
s no
t to
lera
te p
oo
r gr
owin
g co
ndit
ions
. M
aclu
ra p
rom
ifer
a O
sage
ora
nge
N
S,S
c L
T
oler
ates
dro
ught
, w
ind,
ext
rem
e he
at a
nd w
et s
oils
. M
agno
lia
acum
inat
a C
ucum
ber
mag
noli
a N
S
,Sp
L
D
oes
not
tole
rate
ext
rem
ely
dry
or
wet
soi
ls.
Mag
noli
a st
ella
ta
Sta
r m
agno
lia
Sp
L
Hea
t to
lera
nt.
Mag
noli
a tr
ipet
ala
Um
brel
la m
agno
lia
N
Sp
L
Coa
rse
text
ure.
M
agno
lia
virg
inia
na
Sw
eetb
ay m
agno
lia
N
Sp
,S
L
Tol
erat
es w
et s
oils
, bu
t no
t dr
ough
t.
Mag
noli
a x
soul
angi
ana
Sau
cer
mag
noli
a S
p L
R
esis
tant
to a
ir p
ollu
tion
. Pro
ne t
o sp
ring
fro
st d
amag
e.
Mal
us s
p.
Flo
wer
ing
crab
appl
e S
p L
S
peci
es i
s pr
one
to i
nsec
t an
d di
seas
e pr
oble
ms.
M
elia
azd
arac
h C
hina
berr
y s
L
Rap
id g
row
er w
ith
very
wea
k w
ood.
Poi
son
frui
t. M
etas
eqou
ia g
lypt
ostr
oboi
des
Daw
n re
dwoo
d S
p,S
H
S
peci
es h
as e
xist
ed f
or a
t le
ast
50
mil
lion
yea
rs.
Pre
fers
moi
st ,
wel
l-dr
aine
d so
ils.
M
orus
alb
a W
hite
mul
berr
y s
L
Ver
y ad
apta
ble
tree
. Pro
ne to
ins
ect
and
dise
ase
prob
lem
s.
Mor
us r
ubra
R
ed m
ulbe
rry
N
s L
E
dibl
e fr
uits
. N
yssa
syl
vati
ca
Bla
ck g
um,
Bla
ck tu
pelo
, N
S
,Sp
L
N
ot t
oler
ant
of
air
poll
utio
n o
r al
kali
ne s
oils
. T
oler
ates
wet
soi
ls.
Sou
r gu
m,
Sw
amp
tupe
lo
Ost
rya
virg
inia
na
Hop
horn
beam
N
s
L
Tol
erat
es d
ry s
oils
. O
xyde
ndru
m a
rbor
eum
S
ourw
ood,
Sor
rel
tree
, N
S
p,S
L
N
ot r
esis
tant
to
drou
ght o
r ai
r po
llut
ion.
L
ily-
of-t
he-v
alle
y tr
ee
Pau
low
nia
tom
ento
sa
Em
pres
s tr
ee,
Pau
low
nia,
S
,Sp
L
W
iths
tand
s ai
r po
llut
ants
and
doe
s w
ell
in c
oast
al a
reas
and
mou
ntai
n va
lley
s.
Pla
tanu
s oc
cide
ntal
is
Am
eric
an s
ycam
ore
N
s M
T
oler
ates
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s w
ith
wet
or
dry
soil
s, p
rone
to d
isea
se p
robl
ems.
P
lata
nus
x ac
erif
olia
L
ondo
n pl
anet
ree
s M
V
ery
tole
rant
to
urba
n co
ndit
ions
. P
opul
us a
lba
Whi
te p
opla
r s
L
Tol
eran
t of
mos
t so
il c
ondi
tion
s. B
ritt
le w
ood,
not
sui
tabl
e fo
r re
side
ntia
l us
e.
Pop
ulus
del
toid
es
Cot
tonw
ood
N
s L
T
oler
ant o
f m
ost
soil
con
diti
ons.
Sho
rt li
ved.
P
opul
us g
rand
iden
tata
B
ig-t
ooth
ed a
spen
N
s
L
Tol
erat
es d
ry s
oils
. V
alua
ble
for
pulp
woo
d.
Pru
nus
cera
sife
ra
Pur
plel
eaf/
cher
ry p
lum
S
p,S
L
A
voi
d he
avy
soil
s an
d ai
r po
llut
ion.
Pro
ne t
o m
any
inse
ct p
robl
ems.
P
runu
s pe
rsic
a C
omm
on/F
low
erin
g pe
ach
Sp
,S
L
Sub
ject
to
man
y in
sect
and
dis
ease
pro
blem
s. S
hort
live
d.
Pru
nus
sero
tina
W
ild
blac
k ch
erry
N
s
L
Tol
erat
es m
ost
soil
typ
es.
Can
bec
ome
inva
sive
. P
oiso
nous
to
live
stoc
k.
Pru
nus
serr
ulat
a Ja
pane
se f
low
erin
g ch
erry
S
p,S
L
S
tres
sed
tree
s ar
e m
ore
susc
epti
ble
to i
nsec
t an
d di
seas
e pr
oble
ms.
Sho
rt li
ved.
P
runu
s su
bhir
tell
a W
eepi
ng/H
igan
/Ros
ebud
che
rry
Sp
,S
L
Not
dro
ught
tol
eran
t.
Pru
nus
x ye
doen
sis
Yos
hino
che
rry
Sp
,S
L
Tol
erat
es a
ran
ge o
f so
il c
ondi
tion
s. P
rone
to
bore
r at
tack
. P
tele
a tr
ifol
iata
W
ater
ash
N
s
L
Tol
erat
es h
eavy
sha
de.
Pyr
us c
alle
ryan
a C
alle
ry p
ear
S,S
p
L
Dro
ught
-res
ista
nt.
Pru
ne t
o cr
eate
str
onge
r cr
otch
ang
les.
P
yrus
com
mun
is
Com
mon
pea
r s
L
Pro
ne t
o fu
ebli
ght
dise
ase,
use
res
ista
nt v
arie
ties
. Q
uerc
us a
lba
Whi
te o
ak
N
s L
V
ery
susc
epti
ble
to c
onst
ruct
ion
dam
age.
Tol
erat
es v
ario
us s
oils
. Q
uerc
us b
icol
or
Sw
amp
whi
te o
ak
N
s L
T
oler
ates
wet
, ac
idic
soi
ls.
Que
rcus
coc
cine
a S
carl
et o
ak
N
s L
L
ess
tole
rant
tha
n ot
her
oaks
of
adve
rse
cond
itio
ns.
Que
rcus
fal
cata
S
outh
ern
red
oak
N
s L
P
refe
rs d
rier
soi
ls.
Que
rcus
mar
ilan
dica
B
lack
jack
oak
N
s
L
Tol
erat
es s
andy
soi
ls.
Que
rcus
nig
ra
Wat
er o
ak
N
s L
T
oler
ates
wet
soi
ls.
Que
rcus
pal
ustr
is
Pin
oak
, S
wam
p o
ak
N
s L
W
ill
wit
hsta
nd v
ery
wet
con
diti
ons.
Mai
ntai
n pH
bel
ow 6
.0.
Que
rcus
phe
llos
W
illo
w o
ak
N
s L
T
rans
plan
ts r
eadi
ly.
Tol
erat
es w
et s
oils
. Q
uerc
us p
rinu
s C
hest
nut
oak
N
s L
T
oler
ates
dry
, po
or s
oils
. Q
uerc
us r
ubra
R
ed/N
orth
ern
red
oak
N
s L
M
oder
atel
y dr
ough
t to
lera
nt.
Mai
ntai
n pH
bel
ow 6
.0.
Que
rcus
ste
llat
a P
ost
oak
N
s L
T
oler
ates
dry
, po
or s
oil
cond
itio
ns.
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e C
omm
on N
ame
Que
rcus
vel
utin
a B
lack
oak
R
obin
ia p
seud
oaca
cia
Bla
ck lo
cust
S
alix
bab
ylon
ica
Wee
ping
wil
low
S
alix
mat
suda
na '
Tor
tuos
a'
Cor
kscr
ew w
illo
w
Sal
ix n
igra
B
lack
wil
low
S
assa
fras
alb
idum
S
assa
fras
S
orbu
s am
eric
ana
Mou
ntai
nash
T
axod
ium
dis
tich
um
Bal
d cy
pres
s T
ilia
am
eric
ana
Am
eric
an l
inde
n, B
assw
ood
Til
ia c
orda
ta
Lit
tlel
eaf l
inde
n U
lmus
ala
tus
Win
ged
elm
U
lmus
am
eric
ana
Am
eric
an e
lm
Ulm
us p
arvi
foli
a L
aceb
ark/
Chi
nese
elm
U
lmus
pum
ila
Sib
eria
n el
m
Ulm
us r
ubra
S
lipp
ery
elm
V
ibur
num
pru
nifo
lium
B
lack
haw
vib
urnu
m
Zel
kova
ser
rata
Ja
pane
se z
elko
va
Nat
ive
to V
A
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
DE
CID
UO
US
TR
EE
S
Use
s s S,S
p S
p,S
s S
,Sp
S
p,S
S
,Sp
s S
,Sp
s s S,S
p
s s Sc,
Sp
s
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing
Com
men
ts
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
H
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
Tol
erat
es v
arie
d co
ndit
ions
, in
clud
ing
poor
soi
ls.
Tol
erat
es d
ry,
sali
ne s
oils
. Suc
keri
ng p
robl
em.
Spi
nes
on y
oung
gro
wth
. G
row
s in
wet
soi
ls.
Its
vigo
rous
, sh
allo
w r
oot
syst
em c
an b
e a
prob
lem
. G
row
s in
wet
soi
ls.
Its
vigo
rous
, sh
allo
w r
oot
syst
em c
an b
e a
prob
lem
. G
row
s in
wet
soi
ls.
May
bec
ome
inva
sive
. D
iffi
cult
to t
rans
plan
t. M
ount
ain
regi
on p
lant
. T
oler
ates
mos
t soi
l ty
pes.
Req
uire
s so
il w
ith
low
pH
. W
ill
not
tole
rate
dro
ught
. V
ery
air
poll
utio
n to
lera
nt,
pH a
dapt
able
. S
usce
ptib
le to
Jap
anes
e be
etle
dam
age.
M
ay b
e su
scep
tibl
e to
pow
dery
mil
dew
. S
usce
ptib
le to
man
y in
sect
s an
d di
seas
es,
espe
cial
ly D
utch
elm
dis
ease
-us
e ne
w r
esis
tant
var
ieti
es.
Urb
an t
oler
ant.
Res
ista
nt to
mos
t in
sect
and
dis
ease
pro
blem
s.
Fas
t gro
win
g, w
eedy
, ha
s br
ittl
e w
ood.
Pro
ne to
man
y in
sect
pro
blem
s.
Sus
cept
ible
to D
utch
elm
dis
ease
. W
eedy
. A
dapt
able
to m
any
soil
type
s.
Tol
eran
t of d
roug
ht,
win
d an
d ai
r po
llut
ion,
pH
ada
ptab
le.
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing:
H =
High
M
=M
ediu
m
L=
Lo
w
LIS
TS
OF
"M
OR
E O
R L
ES
S"
FO
RE
ST
FIR
E-P
RO
NE
T
RE
ES
, SH
RU
BS
AN
D G
RO
UN
D C
OV
ER
S
DE
CID
UO
US
SH
RU
BS
U
se:
S =
Sha
de
Sp =
Spe
cim
en
Sc =
Scr
een
F =
Fou
ndat
ion
H =
Hed
ge
GC
= G
roun
d C
over
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e C
omm
on N
ame
Nat
ive
to V
A
Use
F
lam
mab
ilit
y R
atin
g C
omm
ents
Aes
culu
s pa
rvif
lora
A
lnus
rug
osa
(or
serr
ulat
a)
Am
orph
a fr
utic
osa
Aro
nia
arbu
tifo
lia
Aro
nia
mel
anoc
arpa
B
acch
aris
hal
irni
foli
a B
erbe
ris
thun
berg
i B
uddl
eia
davi
dii
Cal
lica
rpa
amer
ican
a cl
imat
es.
Cal
ycan
thus
flo
ridu
s C
asta
nea
purn
ila
Cea
noth
us a
mer
ican
us
Cep
hala
nthu
s oc
cide
ntal
is
Cha
enom
eles
spe
cios
a C
leth
ra a
lnif
olia
C
ompt
onia
per
egri
na
Com
us s
eric
ea
Cor
ylus
am
eric
ana
Cor
ylus
ave
llan
a C
otin
us c
oggy
gria
C
oton
east
er h
oriz
onta
lis
Cyt
isus
sco
pari
us
Deu
tzia
gra
cili
s D
ierv
illa
ses
sili
foli
a E
uony
mus
ala
tus
Euo
nym
us a
mer
ican
us
For
syth
ia x
inte
rmed
ia
Ham
amel
is v
erna
lis
Ham
amel
is v
irgi
nian
a H
ibis
cus
syri
acus
H
ydra
ngea
arb
ores
cens
H
ydra
ngea
mac
roph
ylla
H
ydra
ngea
pan
icul
ata
Hyd
rang
ea q
uerc
ifol
ia
Hyp
eric
um p
roli
ficu
m
Hex
ver
tici
llat
a lt
ea v
irgi
nica
Ja
smin
um n
udif
loru
m
Lag
erst
roem
ia i
ndic
a L
euco
thoe
rac
emos
a L
igus
trum
vul
gare
L
igus
trum
x v
icar
yi
Lin
dera
ben
zoin
L
onic
era
frag
rant
issi
ma
Lon
icer
a ta
tari
ca
Bot
tleb
rush
buc
keye
S
pott
ed a
lder
In
digo
bush
am
orph
a, F
alse
ind
igo
Red
cho
kebe
rry
Bla
ck c
hoke
berr
y G
roun
dsel
-bus
h, S
alt b
ush
Japa
nese
bar
berr
y B
utte
rfly
bus
h B
eaut
y ber
ry
Sw
eets
hrub
; C
arol
ina
alls
pice
C
hink
apin
, C
hinq
uapi
n N
ew J
erse
y te
a B
utto
nbus
h Ja
pane
se f
low
erin
gqui
nce
Sum
mer
swee
t cle
thra
S
wee
tfer
n R
edos
ier
dogw
ood
Am
eric
an h
azel
nut
Eur
opea
n fi
lber
t S
mok
ebus
h R
ocks
pray
cot
onea
ster
S
cotc
h bro
om
Sle
nder
deu
tzia
S
outh
ern
bush
-hon
eysu
ckle
Fa
ll f
ireb
ush,
win
ged
euon
ymus
A
mer
ican
euo
nym
us,
Hea
rts-
a-bu
stin
, S
traw
berr
y bu
sh
Bor
der
fors
ythi
a V
erna
l w
itch
haze
l C
omm
on w
itch
haze
l R
ose-
of-S
haro
n S
moo
th h
ydra
ngea
B
igle
af h
ydra
ngea
P.
G.
hydr
ange
a, p
anic
le h
ydra
ngea
O
akle
af h
ydra
ngea
St
. Jo
hnsw
ort
Win
terb
erry
hol
ly
Vir
gini
a sw
eets
pire
W
inte
r jas
min
e C
rape
myr
tle
Sw
eetb
ells
leu
coth
oe
Cim
mon
pri
vet,
Hed
ge p
rive
t G
olde
n V
icar
y pr
ivet
S
pice
bush
W
ir.tp
r H
oney
suck
le
Tat
a. .•
. 1 E
N
N
N
N
N
N
H,F
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Sc,
Sp
L
Sc
L
Sc
L
Sc
L Sc
L
Sc
H
L Sp, S
c L
Sp
, Sc
L
Sp, S
c L
Sc
L
Sp, S
c L
Sc
L
Sp,
H,
S L
Sp
, Sc
L
Sp
L
Sc
, Sp
M
Sc
L
Sc
L
Sp,
Sc
L
F,G
C
L
Sp,
Sc
L
Sp, S
c L
H
,Sc
L
L Sp
, Sc
L
Sp,
H,
Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sp,
F, G
C L
S
p,S
c L
S
p,S
c L
S
p,H
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sc
H
H
M
H
M
Sc
L
Sp
,Sc
L
Sc,
Sp
L
Wel
l-su
ited
for
use
und
er s
hade
tre
es.
Tol
erat
es w
et s
oils
. T
oler
ates
poo
r so
ils.
W
ell
adap
ted
to m
any
soil
typ
es a
nd t
o w
arm
or
cold
cli
mat
es.
Wel
l ad
apte
d to
man
y so
il t
ypes
, pr
efer
s co
ld c
lim
ates
. T
oler
ates
poo
r so
ils a
nd s
alt.
Han
dle
spin
y st
ems
with
car
e.
Att
ract
s bu
tter
flie
s.
Pru
ne o
ut r
ank
grow
th.
Show
y fr
uit.
Bes
t in
war
m c
lim
ates
, us
e in
trod
uced
spe
cies
in
cold
Aro
mat
ic f
low
ers
and
stem
s.
Nut
s fo
r w
ildl
ife.
T
oler
ates
dry
soi
l. W
ell
suit
ed f
or u
se i
n w
et s
oils
. W
ell
adap
ted
to m
any
cond
itio
ns.
Has
spi
nes
and
is s
usce
ptib
le to
lea
f di
seas
es.
Wel
l su
ited
for
use
in
wet
soi
ls.
Aro
mat
ic l
eave
s an
d st
ems.
Ada
pted
to d
ry,
sand
y so
il.
Pro
vide
s er
osio
n co
ntro
l on
slo
pes.
Pre
fers
moi
st s
oils
. W
ell
adap
ted
to m
any
cond
itio
ns.
Pri
zed
for
its n
ut p
rodu
ctio
n.
Wel
l ad
apte
d to
man
y co
ndit
ions
. T
oler
ates
win
d, d
ry,
poor
soi
ls,
very
pH
ada
ptab
le.
Use
d fo
r st
abil
izin
g sa
ndy
soils
, pH
ada
ptab
le,
tole
rate
s po
or s
oils
. C
an b
ecom
e w
eedy
. W
ell
adap
ted
to m
any
cond
itio
ns.
Tol
erat
es e
xpos
ed s
ites
. N
ot t
oler
ant o
f dr
ough
t or
wat
erlo
gged
con
diti
ons.
V
ery
inse
ct s
usce
ptib
le.
Ver
y ad
apta
ble
to w
et o
r dr
y so
il co
ndit
ions
.
Tol
eran
t of
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s, p
H a
dapt
able
. T
oler
ates
poo
rly
drai
ned
soils
. V
ery
adap
tabl
e to
cli
mat
ic c
ondi
tion
s.
Wel
l ad
apte
d to
man
y co
ndit
ions
. S
usce
ptib
le to
ins
ect
prob
lem
s.
Suc
kers
fre
ely
from
roo
ts,
will
cov
er la
rge
area
s if
not
mai
ntai
ned
. P
lant
par
ts a
re p
oiso
nous
. T
oler
ates
sha
de.
Pla
nt p
arts
are
poi
sono
us.
Ver
y ad
apta
ble.
P
lant
par
ts a
re p
oiso
nous
. T
oler
ates
sha
de.
Rug
ged
plan
t. E
xcel
lent
pla
nt f
or d
ry,
heav
y so
ils.
Tol
erat
es w
et s
oils
. T
oler
ates
wet
soi
ls.
Dro
ught
tole
rant
, us
ed i
n er
osio
n co
ntro
l. T
oler
ant o
f Dro
ught
and
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s,N
ot c
old
tole
rant
. T
oler
ates
wid
e ra
nge
of c
ondi
tion
s S
ubje
ct to
win
ter
dieb
ack
in c
old
expo
sed
area
s. W
eedy
and
inv
asiv
e.
Gol
den
Yel
low
lea
ves
will
bec
ome
gree
nish
yel
low
if
grow
n in
sha
de.
Tol
erat
es S
hade
. Has
sce
nted
fol
age.
A
dapt
s to
man
y so
ils a
nd p
h le
vels
. W
eedy
H
as e
scap
ed c
ulti
vati
on a
nd b
ecom
e a
wee
d in
som
e ar
eas
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e
Phi
lade
lphu
s co
rona
rius
P
hyso
carp
us o
puli
foli
us
Pon
ciru
s tr
ifol
iata
P
oten
till
a fr
utic
osa
Pru
nus
glan
dulo
sa
Rho
dode
ndro
n ca
lend
ulac
eum
R
hodo
dend
ron
peri
clym
enoi
des
Rho
dode
ndro
n pr
inip
hyll
um
Rhu
s co
pall
ina
Rhu
s gl
abra
R
hus
typh
ina
Ros
a ca
roli
na
Ros
a hy
brid
s
Ros
a ru
gosa
R
osa
virg
inia
na
Sal
ix d
isco
lor
Sam
bucu
s ca
nade
nsis
S
pire
a ni
ppon
ica
Spi
rea
prun
ifol
ia
Spi
rea
x bu
mal
da
Spi
rea
x va
nhou
ttei
S
ymph
oric
arpu
s or
bicu
latu
s S
yrin
ga p
ersi
ca
Syr
inga
vul
gari
s V
acci
nium
ang
usti
foli
a V
acci
nium
cor
ymbo
sum
V
acci
nium
sta
min
eum
V
ibur
num
ace
rifo
lium
V
ibur
num
car
lesi
V
ibur
num
den
tatu
m
Vib
urnu
m o
pulu
s V
ibur
num
pli
catu
m v
ar.
tom
ento
sum
V
ibur
num
tri
lobu
m
Vib
urnu
m x
bur
kwoo
dii
Vit
ex a
ngus
-cas
tus
Wei
gela
flo
rida
Co
mm
on
Nam
e
Sw
eet
moc
kora
nge
Nin
e-ba
rk
Har
dy-o
rang
e S
hrub
by c
inqu
efoi
l F
low
erin
g al
mon
d F
lam
e az
alea
P
inxt
erbl
oom
aza
lea
Ros
eshe
ll a
zale
a S
hini
ng s
umac
S
moo
th s
umac
S
tagh
orn
sum
ac
Car
olin
a ro
se
Gar
den
rose
s (f
lora
bund
as,
gran
difl
oras
& h
ydbr
id t
eas)
R
ugos
e ro
se
Vir
gini
a ro
se
Pus
syw
illo
w
Eld
erbe
rry
Nip
pon
spir
ea
Bri
dalw
reat
h sp
irea
B
umal
d sp
irea
V
anho
utte
spi
rea
Indi
an c
oral
berr
y P
ersi
an l
ilac
C
omm
on l
ilac
L
owbu
sh b
lueb
erry
H
ighb
ush
blue
berr
y D
eerb
erry
M
aple
leaf
vib
urnu
m
Kor
eans
pice
vib
urnu
m
Arr
oww
ood
vibu
rnum
E
urop
ean
cran
berr
y vi
burn
um
Dou
blef
ile
vibu
rnum
M
aple
leaf
vib
urnu
m
Bur
kwoo
d vi
burn
um
Cha
stet
ree;
Vit
ex
Wei
gela
Nat
iee
to V
A
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
DE
CID
UO
US
SH
RU
BS
Use
F
lam
mab
ilit
y
Rat
ing
C
om
men
ts
Sp
,Sc
L
Ada
pts
to a
lmos
t an
y so
il c
ondi
tion
. S
c,S
p
L
Dro
ught
res
ista
nt,
pH a
dapt
able
. S
p,S
c L
H
andl
e th
orny
ste
ms
wit
h ca
re.
Soi
l ad
apta
ble.
S
p,F
L
A
dapt
s po
orly
to
hot,
hum
id l
ocat
ions
. S
p,H
,F
L
Ver
y ad
apta
ble,
sho
wy.
Wee
dy.
Sp
,Sc
M
Req
uire
s m
oist
aci
dic
soil
. S
p,S
c M
T
oler
ates
mor
e sh
ade
than
mos
t de
cidu
ous
azal
eas.
S
p,S
c M
W
ill
tole
rate
hig
her
pH l
evel
s th
an m
ost
deci
duou
s az
alea
s.
Sc,
Sp
L
U
sefu
l fo
r dr
y, r
ocky
sit
es.
Sc
L
Tol
erat
es d
roug
ht a
nd p
oor
soil
con
diti
ons.
S
c,S
p
L
Sui
tabl
e fo
r co
lder
cli
mat
es,
othe
rwis
e si
mil
ar to
abo
ve s
peci
es.
Sp
,H
L
Tol
erat
es w
et s
oil
cond
itio
ns.
Sp
L
Ver
y in
sect
and
dis
ease
sus
cept
ible
. T
horn
y st
ems.
Sp,
H,
Sc
L
Tol
erat
es w
ind,
poo
r so
ils
and
seas
ide
cond
itio
ns.
Sp,
H,
Sc
L
Tol
erat
es w
ind,
poo
r so
ils
and
seas
ide
cond
itio
ns.
Sp
,Sc
L
Tol
erat
es p
oorl
y-dr
aine
d so
ils.
Sho
rt l
ived
. S
c,S
p
L
Tol
erat
es b
oth
wet
and
dry
soi
ls.
Sp
,F
L
Ada
pts
wel
l to
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s.
Sp
,Sc
L
Hea
vy p
runi
ng w
ill d
estr
oy t
his
shru
b's
natu
ral
arch
ing
habi
t. S
p,F
L
N
eeds
wel
l dr
aine
d so
il.
Sp
,Sc
L
Ver
y ad
apta
ble.
S
p,S
c L
S
hade
tol
eran
t. S
p,S
c L
H
eat
tole
rant
. S
p,S
c L
N
ot h
eat
tole
rant
. P
rone
to p
owde
ry m
ilde
w i
n hu
mid
are
as.
Req
uire
s so
ils
wit
h hi
gher
pH
. S
c, H
L
P
rize
d fo
r its
ber
ries
. Sc
, H
L
T
oler
ates
aci
d, s
andy
soi
l co
ndit
ions
. W
ildl
ife
food
. S
p,S
c L
T
oler
ates
dry
, po
or s
oils
. S
c,S
p
L
Tol
erat
es s
hade
and
poo
r so
ils.
Sp,
H,
Sc
L
Ear
ly,
frag
rant
flo
wer
s.
Sc
L
Tol
erat
es h
igh
pH,
heav
y so
ils
and
cold
tem
pera
ture
s.
Sp
,Sc
L
Tol
erat
es
wet
soi
ls,
pH a
dapt
able
. S
p,S
c L
N
eeds
goo
d dr
aina
ge a
nd f
ull
sun.
S
c,S
p
L
Not
hea
t or
dro
ught
tol
eran
t. S
c,S
p
L
Hea
t an
d co
ld t
oler
ant,
adap
tabl
e to
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s.
Sp
,Sc
L
Ada
ptab
le t
o po
or s
oils
and
dry
sit
es.
Sp,
H,
Sc,
L
Ver
y to
lera
nt t
o ai
r po
llut
ion.
F
LIS
TS
OF
"M
OR
E O
R L
ES
S"
FO
RE
ST
FIR
E-P
RO
NE
T
RE
ES
, SH
RU
BS
AN
D G
RO
UN
D C
OV
ER
S
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing:
H =
Hig
h
M=
Med
ium
L
=L
ow
E
VE
RG
RE
EN
TR
EE
S
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e
Abi
es c
onco
lor
Abi
es f
rase
ri
Ced
rus
atla
ntic
a C
edru
s de
odar
a C
edru
s li
bani
C
ham
aecy
pari
s ob
tusa
C
ham
aecy
pari
s pi
sife
ra
Cha
mae
cypa
ris
thyo
ides
x
Cup
ress
ocyp
aris
ley
land
ii
Cup
ress
us a
rizo
nica
Il
ex a
quif
oliu
m
Ilex
x a
tten
uata
'F
oste
ri'
Ilex
x '
Nel
lie
R.
Ste
vens
' Il
ex o
paca
Ju
nipe
rus
scop
ulor
um
Juni
peru
s vi
rgin
iana
M
agno
lia
gran
difl
ora
Pic
ea a
bies
P
icea
gla
uca
Pic
ea p
unge
ns
Pin
us e
chin
ata
Pin
us n
igra
P
inus
pal
ustr
is
Pin
us p
unge
ns
Pin
us r
igid
a P
inus
str
obus
P
inus
tae
da
Pin
us t
hunb
ergi
ana
Pin
us v
irgi
nian
a Q
uerc
us h
erni
spha
eric
a Q
uerc
us v
irgi
nian
a T
huja
occ
iden
tali
s T
huja
ori
enta
lis
(Pla
tycl
adus
) T
suga
can
aden
sis
Tsu
ga c
arol
inia
na
Co
mm
on
Nam
e
Whi
te f
ir
Fra
ser
fir
Atl
as c
edar
D
eoda
ra c
edar
C
edar
of
Leb
anon
H
inok
i fa
lsec
ypre
ss
Japa
nese
fal
secy
pres
s A
tlan
tic
whi
tece
dar
Ley
land
cyp
ress
A
rizo
na c
ypre
ss
Eng
lish
hol
ly
Fos
ters
hol
ly
Nel
lie
R.
Ste
vens
hol
ly
Am
eric
an h
olly
W
este
rn r
edce
dar
Eas
tern
red
ceda
r S
outh
ern
mag
noli
a N
orw
ay s
pruc
e W
hite
spr
uce
Col
orad
o sp
ruce
S
hort
leaf
pin
e A
ustr
ian
pine
L
ongl
eaf p
ine
Tab
le m
ount
ain
pine
P
itch
pin
e W
hite
pin
e L
oblo
lly
pine
Ja
pane
se b
lack
pin
e V
irgi
nia
pine
, Jer
sey
pine
L
aure
l oa
k L
ive
oak
Nor
ther
n w
hite
ceda
r; A
rbor
vita
e O
rien
tal
arbo
rvit
ae
Can
adia
n he
mlo
ck,
Eas
tern
hem
lock
C
arol
ina
hem
lock
Nat
ive
to V
A
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Use
Sp
Sp
Sp
Sp
Sp
Sp
,Sc
Sp
,Sc
Sp,
Sc
Sc,
Sp
S
c,S
p
Sp
Sp
,Sc
Sc,
Sp
S
p,S
c S
c,S
p
Sc,
Sp
S
p S
p S
p S
p S
c,S
p
Sp
,Sc
Sp
Sp
Sp
,Sc
Sp
,Sc
Sc,
Sp
S
p,S
c S
c S
,Sp
S
,Sp
S
c,F
,H
Sc,
F,H
S
p,S
c S
p,S
c
Use
: S
= S
hade
Sp
= S
peci
men
S
c =
Scr
een
F =
Fou
ndat
ion
H =
Hed
ge
GC
= G
roun
d C
over
Fla
mm
abil
ity
R
atin
g
Co
mm
ents
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Tol
erat
es u
rban
con
diti
ons
in c
oole
r re
gion
s.
Pop
ular
as
Chr
istm
as tr
ee,
use
in c
ool
regi
ons.
D
iffi
cult
to t
rans
plan
t, d
roug
ht t
oler
ant.
D
roug
ht to
lera
nt.
Lim
ited
col
d to
lera
nce.
V
ery
cold
har
dy.
Req
uire
s go
od d
rain
age.
R
equi
res
good
dra
inag
e.
Req
uire
s go
od d
rain
age.
A
dapt
s to
wet
, bo
ggy
site
s.
Ada
pts
to p
H e
xtre
mes
, sa
lt s
pray
, po
or f
erti
lity
, dr
ough
t. T
oler
ates
hot
, dr
y co
ndit
ions
. R
equi
res
good
dra
inag
e an
d co
mpa
tibl
e m
ale
plan
t for
ber
ry p
rodu
ctio
n .(
dioe
ciou
s).
Not
col
d to
lera
nt.
Urb
an t
oler
ant.
Dio
ecio
us.
Som
ewha
t dro
ught
tole
rant
. D
ioec
ious
. P
rone
to n
ativ
e ho
lly
leaf
rnin
er d
amag
e. T
oler
ates
wet
con
diti
ons.
A
dapt
s to
pH
ext
rem
es,
poor
fer
tili
ty,
drou
ght.
Req
uire
s go
od d
rain
age.
A
lter
nate
hos
t for
ced
ar a
pple
rus
t dis
ease
. T
oler
ates
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s. D
iffi
cult
to t
rans
plan
t.
Bro
adle
aved
-co
nsid
erab
le l
itte
r.
Tol
erat
es c
old
clim
ates
and
som
e w
arm
cli
mat
es.
Wit
hsta
nds
drou
ght,
win
d an
d te
mpe
ratu
re e
xtre
mes
. V
ery
drou
ght
tole
rant
. N
ot h
eat t
olea
nt.
Dif
ficu
lt to
tra
nspl
ant d
ue to
dee
p ta
proo
t.
Res
ists
dro
ught
and
sea
side
con
diti
ons.
Dis
ease
pro
blem
s de
velo
p w
ith
age.
N
ativ
e pl
ant.
Nat
ive
-no
t com
mer
cial
ly a
vail
able
. R
ugge
d pl
ant.
R
equi
res
good
dra
inag
e.
Sen
siti
ve to
hea
t, ai
r po
llut
ion
and
salt
s. R
equi
res
good
dra
inag
e.
Tol
erat
es s
alt s
pray
, sa
ndy
soil
s.
Tol
erat
es s
alt s
pray
, sa
ndy
soil
s.
Wil
l gr
ow i
n ei
ther
san
dy o
r he
avy,
cla
y so
ils.
A
dapt
s to
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s. P
refe
rs w
arm
cli
mat
es.
Ada
pts
to u
rban
con
diti
ons.
Pre
fers
war
m c
lim
ates
. L
eaf/
acor
n li
tter
. R
equi
res
good
dra
inag
e. N
ot h
eat
tole
rant
. A
dapt
s to
man
y gr
owin
g co
ndit
ions
. Sub
ject
to s
ever
al i
nsec
t pes
ts.
Wil
l no
t to
lera
te d
roug
ht a
nd h
eat.
Req
uire
s go
od d
rain
age.
W
ill
not
tole
rate
dro
ught
, re
quir
es g
ood
drai
nage
.
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing:
H =
Hig
h M
=M
ediu
m
L=
Lo
w
LIS
TS
OF
"M
OR
E O
R L
ES
S"
FO
RE
ST
FIR
E-P
RO
NE
T
RE
ES
, SH
RU
BS
AN
D G
RO
UN
D C
OV
ER
S
EV
ER
GR
EE
N S
HR
UB
S
Use
: S
= S
hade
S
p =
Spe
cim
en
Sc
=S
cree
n
~v
F =
Fou
ndat
ion
H =
Hed
ge
GC
= G
roun
d C
over
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e C
om
mo
n N
ame
Nat
ive
to V
A
Use
F
lam
mab
ilit
y
Rat
ing
C
om
men
ts
Abe
lia
x gr
andi
flor
a A
ucub
a ja
poni
ca
Ber
beri
s ju
lian
ae
Bux
us m
icro
phyl
la
Bux
us s
empe
rvir
ens
Bux
us s
empe
rvir
ens
suff
ruti
cosa
C
amel
lia
japo
nica
C
amel
lia
sasa
nqua
C
oton
east
er d
amm
eri
Cot
onea
ster
sal
icif
oliu
s D
aphn
e od
ora
Ela
eagn
us p
unge
ns
Euo
nym
us ja
poni
cus
Euo
nym
us k
iaut
scho
vicu
s G
arde
nia
jasm
inoi
des
Hex
cor
nuta
H
ex c
rena
ta
Hex
gla
bra
Ilex
vom
itor
ia
Ilex
x m
eser
veae
Ju
nipe
rus
chin
ensi
s K
alm
ia l
atif
olia
L
euco
thoe
fon
tane
sian
a L
igus
trum
japo
nicu
m
Mah
onia
aqu
ifol
ium
M
ahon
ia b
eale
i M
yric
a ce
rife
ra
Myr
ica
pens
ylva
nica
N
andi
na d
omes
tica
O
sman
thus
het
erop
hyll
us
Pho
tini
a x
fras
eri
Pie
ris
japo
nica
P
inus
mug
o P
runu
slau
roce
rasu
s P
yrac
anth
a co
ccin
ea
Rap
hiol
epis
ind
ica
Rho
dode
ndro
n ca
taw
bien
se
Rho
dode
ndro
n m
axim
a R
hodo
dend
ron
obtu
sum
R
hodo
dend
ron
sp.
Tax
us b
acca
ta
Tax
us c
uspi
data
T
axus
x m
edia
V
ibur
num
rhy
tido
phyl
lum
Y
ucca
fil
amen
tosa
Glo
ssy
abel
ia
Japa
nese
auc
uba
Win
terg
reen
bar
berr
y Ja
pane
se b
oxw
ood
Am
eric
an b
oxw
ood
Edg
ing
box,
Eng
lish
box
woo
d Ja
pane
se c
amel
lia
Sas
anqu
a ca
mel
lia
Bea
rber
ry c
oton
east
er
Wil
low
leaf
cot
onea
ster
W
inte
r da
phne
T
horn
y el
aeag
nus
Japa
nese
euo
nym
us
Spr
eadi
ng e
uony
mus
G
arde
nia,
Cap
e ja
smin
e C
hine
se h
olly
Ja
pane
se h
olly
In
kber
ry h
olly
Y
aupo
n ho
lly
Mes
erve
hol
ly,
Blu
e ho
lly
Chi
nese
juni
per
Mou
ntai
n-la
urel
D
roop
ing
leuc
otho
e Ja
pane
se p
rive
t, W
axle
af li
gust
rum
O
rego
n gr
apeh
olly
B
eale
's m
ahon
ia,
Lea
ther
leaf
mah
onia
W
axm
yrtl
e; S
outh
ern
bayb
erry
N
orth
ern
bayb
erry
N
andi
na
Hol
ly o
sman
thus
F
rase
r ph
otin
ia;
Red
-tip
Ja
pane
se p
ieri
s M
ugho
pin
e C
herr
y la
urel
, E
ngli
sh la
urel
P
yrac
anth
a, F
iret
horn
In
dian
haw
thor
n C
ataw
ba r
hodo
dend
ron
Ros
ebay
rho
dode
ndro
n K
urum
e az
alea
H
ybri
d az
alea
s E
ngli
sh y
ew
Japa
nese
yew
A
nglo
jap
yew
L
eath
erle
af v
ibur
num
Y
ucca
, A
dam
's n
eedl
e yu
cca
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
H,F
H
S
p,F
,H
H
H
H
F,H
,Sp
H
F
,H,S
p
H
H,
Sp,
F
H
Sp
,Sc
H
Sp
,Sc
H
F H
S
c, S
p, H
H
F
,Sp
H
Sc
H
H
, Sc
H
H
,Sc
H
Sp
,Sc,
F
H
Sc,
Sp
H
H
,F
H
H,F
H
H
,F,
Sc
H
Sp
H
F,H
,Sc
H
Sp
,F
H
F,S
p
H
H,
Sc
H
Sp,
H, F
H
S
p,H
,F
H
Sc,
Sp
H
S
c,S
p
H
Sp,
F, S
c H
S
c,S
p
H
Sc,
H,
Sp
H
Sp
,F
H
F,S
c H
S
c, H
H
Sp
, H
, F
H
Sp
,F,H
H
S
p,S
c H
S
p,S
c H
Sp
, F,
Sc
H
Sp,
F, S
c H
F
,H,S
c
H
F,H
,Sc
H
F, H
, Sc
H
Sp
, H
, Sc
H
S
p,G
C
H
Ada
pts
to m
any
grow
ing
cond
itio
ns.
Req
uire
s sh
ade.
Pre
fers
war
mer
cli
mat
es.
A v
oid
cont
act
wit
h sp
iny
stem
s an
d le
aves
. P
arti
ally
to
lera
nt o
f dr
ough
t an
d lt
eat.
Lea
ves
and
stem
s to
xic
to l
ives
tock
. A
ppli
cati
ons
of
lim
e ar
e re
quir
ed f
or p
lant
vig
or.
Nee
ds w
ell
drai
ned
soil
. S
ubje
ct to
win
ter
inju
ry,
use
in w
arm
er c
lim
ates
onl
y.
Sub
ject
to w
inte
r in
jury
, us
e in
war
mer
cli
mat
es o
nly
. T
oler
ates
wid
e ra
nge
of
cond
itio
ns,
use
for
eros
ion
cont
rol.
T
oler
ates
poo
r so
ils,
pH
ada
ptab
le.
Gen
eral
ly p
est
free
. L
eave
s an
d fr
uit
are
very
poi
sono
us.
Pro
duce
s hi
ghly
sce
nted
flo
wer
s ea
rly.
T
oler
ates
sal
t sp
ray,
dro
ught
, ai
r po
llut
ion
& w
ind.
S
ubje
ct to
num
erou
s pe
st p
robl
ems.
F
ruit
and
lea
ves
may
be
toxi
c.
Req
uire
s w
ell
drai
ned,
aci
dic
soil
. U
se i
n w
arm
er c
lim
ates
onl
y.
Ver
y ad
apta
ble
to d
roug
ht,
pH,
and
to m
any
soil
typ
es.
Mil
dly
drou
ght
tole
rant
. N
eeds
wel
l dr
aine
d so
il.
May
be
grow
n in
aci
d so
ils
on w
et s
ites
. T
oler
ant
of
mos
t so
il c
ondi
tion
s an
d sa
lt s
pray
. U
se i
n w
arm
er c
lim
ates
onl
y.
A m
ale
cult
ivar
is n
eces
sary
for
ber
ry p
rodu
ctio
n.
Tol
eran
t o
f sa
lt a
nd a
lkal
ine
soil
s.
Lea
ves
are
pois
onou
s. R
equi
res
shad
e.
Not
tol
eran
t o
f dr
ough
t or
win
d.
Ada
pts
to p
oor
fert
ilit
y, d
roug
ht,
sun
or s
hade
and
sal
t. S
usce
ptib
le t
o w
inte
r de
ssic
atio
n.
Req
uire
s go
od s
oil
drai
nage
. V
ery
tole
rant
of
soil
sal
ts a
nd s
alt
spra
y.
Ver
y to
lera
nt o
f so
il s
alts
and
sal
t spr
ay.
Mor
e co
ld t
oler
ant
than
the
abo
ve s
peci
es.
Tol
erat
es a
w
ide
rang
e o
f co
ndit
ions
. T
oler
ates
a w
ide
rang
e o
f con
diti
ons
in w
arm
cli
mat
es.
Ver
y su
scep
tibl
e to
lea
f spo
t dis
ease
. P
rote
ct f
rom
win
d de
sicc
atio
n. R
equi
res
soil
s w
ith
low
er p
H.
Sus
cept
ible
to m
any
inse
ct a
nd d
isea
se p
robl
ems.
F
ruit
and
lea
ves
may
be
mil
dly
pois
onou
s.
Tol
erat
es d
roug
ht.
A v
oid
spin
es.
Sal
t and
win
d to
lera
nt.
Use
in w
arm
cli
mat
es.
Not
hea
t or
drou
ght
tole
rant
. R
equi
res
acid
soi
l. R
equi
res
acid
soi
l. N
ot h
eat t
oler
ant.
R
equi
res
wel
l dr
aine
d ac
id s
oil.
Req
uire
s w
ell
drai
ned
acid
soi
l. P
lant
par
ts a
re v
ery
pois
onou
s. R
equi
res
wel
l dr
aine
d so
il.
Pla
nt p
arts
are
ver
y po
ison
ous.
Req
uire
s w
ell
drai
ned
soil
. L
eave
s ar
e ve
ry p
oiso
nous
. R
equi
res
wel
l dr
aine
d so
il.
Not
win
d or
hea
t to
lera
nt.
Dro
ught
res
ista
nt a
nd g
ener
ally
mai
nten
ance
fre
e.
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing:
H =
Hig
h M
=M
ediu
m
L=
Lo
w
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e
Aju
ga r
epta
ns
Arc
tost
aphy
los
uva-
ursi
E
uony
mus
for
tune
i G
ault
heri
a pr
ocum
bens
H
yper
icum
cal
ycin
um
Juni
peru
s co
nfer
ta
Juni
peru
s ho
rizo
ntal
is
Juni
peru
s pr
ocum
bens
L
irio
pe m
usca
ri
Lir
iope
spi
cata
tr
ees.
O
phio
pogo
n ja
poni
cum
O
punt
ia s
pp.
Pac
hysa
ndra
terr
nina
lis
Rhu
s ar
omat
ica
Sar
coco
cca
hook
eran
a va
r. hu
mil
is
Sed
um s
pp.
Vin
ca m
ajor
V
inca
min
or
LIS
TS
OF
"M
OR
E O
R L
ES
S"
FO
RE
ST
FIR
E-P
RO
NE
T
RE
ES
, SH
RU
BS
AN
D G
RO
UN
D C
OV
ER
S
Com
mon
Nam
e
Aju
ga,
Bug
lew
eed
Bea
rber
ry,
Kin
nick
inic
k W
inte
rgre
en e
uony
mus
W
inte
rgre
en
St.
John
swor
t S
hore
juni
per
Cre
epin
g ju
nipe
r Ja
p. g
arde
n ju
nipe
r B
igbl
ue l
irio
pe
Lir
iope
Mon
key
gras
s P
rick
ly p
ear
Pac
hysa
ndra
F
ragr
ant
sum
ac
Sw
eetb
ox
Sed
um
Big
leaf
per
iwin
kle
Per
iwin
kle;
Vin
ca
GR
OU
ND
CO
VE
RS
Nat
ive
to V
A
N
N
N
N
Use
: S
=S
hade
Sp
= S
peci
men
Sc
=S
cree
n
F =
Fou
ndat
ion
H =
Hed
ge
GC
= G
roun
d C
over
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing
Com
men
ts
L L L L L H
H
H
L L L L L L L L L L
Not
dro
ught
tol
eran
t. P
refe
rs l
ight
sha
de.
Ada
pts
to m
any
grow
ing
cond
itio
ns. P
refe
rs w
ell-
drai
ned
soils
. M
any
form
s ex
ist,
som
e vi
nes.
Bes
t pla
nted
in s
un.
Pro
ne to
ins
ect
prob
lem
s.
Goo
d fo
r w
oodl
and
site
s.
Use
d in
ero
sion
con
trol
. P
oiso
nous
. T
oler
ates
san
dy s
oils
. R
equi
res
good
dra
inag
e, f
ull
sun.
G
row
s in
man
y so
il ty
pes.
Req
uire
s go
od d
rain
age,
ful
l su
n.
Gro
ws
in m
any
soil
type
s. R
equi
res
good
dra
inag
e, f
ull
sun.
S
emi-
tole
rant
of
drou
ght.
Exc
elle
nt f
or e
rosi
on c
ontr
ol,
drou
ght
and
salt
tol
eran
t. G
row
s un
der
shal
low
roo
ted
Goo
d fo
r er
osio
n co
ntro
l, d
roug
ht t
oler
ant.
Pre
fers
war
m c
lim
ates
. N
ativ
e to
ari
d re
gion
s, b
ut v
ery
clim
ate
adap
tabl
e. H
as s
piny
ste
ms.
N
ot t
oler
ant
to f
oot
traf
fic
or f
ull
sun
cond
itio
ns.
Goo
d fo
r er
osio
n co
ntro
l, to
lera
tes
drou
ght.
Tol
erat
es a
ir p
ollu
tion
.
Dro
ught
tole
rant
& m
aint
enan
ce f
ree.
G
ood
for
eros
ion
cont
rol,
tole
rate
s dr
ough
t. G
ood
for
eros
ion
cont
rol,
fine
r te
xtur
e th
an V
. maj
or.
Pre
fers
a s
hade
d lo
cati
on.
LIS
TS
OF
"M
OR
E O
R L
ES
S"
FO
RE
ST
FIR
E-P
RO
NE
T
RE
ES
, SH
RU
BS
AN
D G
RO
UN
D C
OV
ER
S
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing:
H =
Hig
h M
=M
ediu
m
L=
Lo
w
Sci
enti
fic
Nam
e
Ari
stol
ochi
a du
rior
B
igno
nia
capr
eola
ta
avai
labl
e.
Cam
psis
rad
ican
s C
elas
trus
sca
nden
s C
lem
atis
vir
gini
ana
Cle
mat
is x
J ac
kman
ii
Gel
sem
ium
sem
perv
iren
s H
ydra
ngea
ano
mal
a pe
tiol
aris
L
onic
era
japo
nica
L
onic
era
sem
perv
iren
s L
onic
era
x he
ckro
ttii
P
arth
enoc
issu
s qu
inqu
efol
ia
Par
then
ocis
sus
tric
uspi
data
P
assi
flor
a in
carn
ata
Pas
sifl
ora
lute
a P
hus
radi
cans
P
olyg
onum
aub
erti
i R
osa
spp.
S
mil
ax r
otun
difo
lia
Com
mon
Nam
e
Dut
chm
an's
pip
e C
ross
vin
e
Tru
mpe
t-cr
eepe
r, T
rum
pet
vine
B
itte
rsw
eet
Vir
gin'
s bo
wer
, Ja
ckm
an c
lem
atis
C
arol
ina
jess
amin
e C
lim
bing
hyd
rang
ea
Japa
nese
hon
eysu
ckle
T
rum
pet h
oney
suck
le
Gol
dfla
me
hone
ysuc
kle
Vir
gini
a cr
eepe
r B
osto
n iv
y P
assi
onfl
ower
, May
pop
Yel
l ow
pas
sion
flow
er
Poi
son
ivy
Sil
verl
ace
vine
, F
leec
e vi
ne
Cli
mbi
ng r
oses
G
reen
brie
r, S
mil
ax,
Cat
brie
r
VIN
ES
Nat
ive
to V
A
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Use
: S
= S
hade
S
p =
Spe
cim
en
Sc =
Scr
een
F =
Fou
ndat
ion
H =
Hed
ge
GC
= G
roun
d C
over
Fla
mm
abil
ity
Rat
ing
Com
men
ts
L
Vig
orou
s, l
ow m
aint
enan
ce.
L
Vig
orou
s, r
equi
res
prun
ing
and
supp
ort.
Sho
wy.
Nat
ive
spec
ies
are
also
M
Inva
sive
. R
equi
res
prun
ing
and
supp
ort.
Sho
wy.
M
A
mal
e pl
ant
is r
equi
red
for
frui
t se
t (d
ioec
ious
). I
nvas
ive.
M
ay b
e us
ed a
s gr
ound
cove
r. V
igor
ous.
L
F
airl
y fr
agil
e, r
equi
res
supp
ort.
Non
-agg
ress
ive.
Sho
wy.
L
E
verg
reen
. S
how
y. P
oiso
nous
. L
S
low
to
esta
blis
h. R
equi
res
supp
ort.
Sho
wy.
H
C
an b
e us
ed a
s gr
ound
cove
r. I
nvas
ive.
Wee
dy.
L
Req
uire
s pr
unin
g an
d su
ppor
t. S
how
y.
L
Req
uire
s su
ppor
t. S
how
y.
L
Req
uire
s su
ppor
t, w
ill
cove
r w
alls
. Tol
erat
es u
rban
con
diti
ons.
L
T
oler
ates
urb
an c
ondi
tion
s.
L
Req
uire
s su
ppor
t, ca
n be
use
d as
gro
undc
over
. S
how
y.
L
Les
s sh
owy.
M
T
rigg
ers
skin
all
ergi
es i
n m
ost
peop
le.
Inva
sive
. L
V
ery
vigo
rous
and
ada
ptab
le.
Sho
wy.
L
H
igh
mai
nten
ance
. R
equi
res
supp
ort.
Sho
wy.
L
W
eedy
, in
vasi
ve.
Eve
rgre
en f
orm
s ex
ist.