virtualization & cloud demystified
DESCRIPTION
Imaginea’s Cloud Guru, Dheerendra Madhusudhana presents the pros and cons or Traditional Sever Concept and Virtual Server Concept and gives a full analysis of • Hypervisors and hosts, • Virtual machines • Type-1 and Type-2 Hypervisors • Could Computing: concept and e Rise of Cloud • Amazon • OpenStackTRANSCRIPT
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Rishi Kumar(408) [email protected]
Imaginea Cloud Lifecycle Management
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Imaginea Consulting Services Offering
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33/6/2014
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VIRTUALIZATION & CLOUD DEMYSTIFIED
DHEERENDRA MADHUSUDHANA
5
World HQ1975 W. El Camino Real Mountain View, CA 94040USAT: [email protected]
www.imaginea.com/cloud
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• Traditional Sever Concept Outline Pros and Cons
• Virtual Server Concept Hypervisors and hosts Virtual machines Type-1 and Type-2 Hypervisors Pros and Cons
• Could Computing Concept The Rise of Cloud Amazon OpenStack
Agenda
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A Cloud-Geek shares his experience and insights
• How can I start building my own cloud?• How can I start experimenting with different
components of a cloud?• Can I start doing this with just my laptop at home?
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Definition
• Virtualization:– The ability to run multiple operating systems on a single
physical system and share the underlying hardware resources
• Cloud Computing:– The provisioning of services in a timely (near on instant),
on-demand manner, to allow the up and down scaling of resources
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The Traditional Server Concept
Web Server
Windows
IIS
App Server
Linux
Glassfish
DB Server
Linux
MySQL
Windows
Exchange
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And if something goes wrong ...
Web Server
Windows
IIS
App Server
DOWN!
DB Server
Linux
MySQL
Windows
Exchange
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So what are the Pros and Cons with Traditional?
• Pros– Easy to conceptualize– Fairly easy to deploy– Easy to backup– Virtually any
application/service can be run from this type of setup
• Cons– Expensive to acquire and
maintain hardware– Not very scalable– Difficult to replicate– Redundancy is difficult to
implement– Vulnerable to hardware
outages– In many cases, processor is
under-utilized
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The Virtual Server Concept
• Virtual servers seek to encapsulate the server software away from the hardware– This includes the OS, the applications, and the storage for that server
• Servers end up as mere files stored on a physical box, or in enterprise storage
• One host typically houses many virtual servers (virtual machines or VMs)
• A virtual server can be serviced by one or more hosts e. g. storage, services, etc.
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What is the Hypervisor | Virtual Server?
Hypervisor layer between Guest OS and hardware
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Hosts, Hypervisors, VMs :Virtualized Hardware Resources
• A hypervisor is a piece of computer software, firmware, or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines
• A computer on which a hypervisor is running one or more virtual machines is defined as a host machine
• Each virtual machine has a guest operating systems, which is managed by the hypervisor
• Multiple instances of a variety of operating systems may share the virtualized hardware resources
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Two types of Hypervisors
• A Hypervisor – also called Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) or virtualization manager – is another technology at the heart of system virtualization
• A hypervisor provides the underpinnings for virtualization management, which includes policy-based automation, virtual hard disk, life cycle management, live migration, and real-time resource allocation
• Type 1 hypervisors - Run directly on the system hardware and offer a higher level of virtualization efficiency and security
• Type 2 hypervisors - Run on a host operating system that provides virtualization services, such as I/O device support and memory management.
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Copyright (C) 2013, Imaginea Technologies Inc.16
Comparing the two types of Hypervisors
Type-1 Type-2Independent of OS Dependent on OS
Boots before OS After OS
Performance, ROI good Less, as it runs on the OSScalability is good
Citrix XenServer, VMWare ESXI, Microsoft Hyper-V
Oracle Virtual Box, VMWare Server, Microsoft Virtual PC
Easy to manageComplex to manage as need to manage OS + guest OS
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Hypervisors and Virtual Machines
x86 Architecture
Hypervisor
Server1
Guest OS
Server2
Guest OS
Clustering
Service Console
Intercepts hardware requests
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Scaling of Virtual Servers
• Virtual servers can be scaled out easily– If the administrators find that the resources
supporting a virtual server are being taxed too much, they can adjust the amount of resources allocated to that virtual server
• Server templates can be created in a virtual environment to be used to create multiple, identical virtual servers
• Virtual servers themselves can be migrated from host to host almost at will
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The Pros and Cons of Virtual Servers
• Pros– Resource pooling– Highly redundant– Highly available– Rapidly deploy new
servers– Easy to deploy– Reconfigurable while
services are running– Optimizes physical
resources by doing more with less
• Cons– Slightly harder to
conceptualize– Slightly costlier (must
buy hardware, OS, Apps, and now the abstraction layer)
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What is the Business of Cloud?
• The cloud is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand – pay per use
• Cost-effective means of virtualizing and making use of resources more effectively• Low start-up costs – pay for use helps to kick-start companies• Scaling is proportional to demand (revenue) so it’s a good business
model• Vast range of Cloud Computing applications
• Virtual private servers, Web hosting, data servers, fail-over services, etc.
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Cloud is everywhere
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Cloud – takes virtualization to the next level
• You don’t have to own the hardware• You “rent” it as needed from a cloud• There are public clouds, e. g., Amazon EC2, IBM, HP,
Microsoft, and Oracle• A company can create a private one with more control over
privacy and security
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Diving into the cloud
• Cloud has three major components
• Following are three technical words used in cloud world: Compute Storage Networking
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What is OpenStack?
• If you are thinking of any of the following:– Can I start using the machines on the cloud?– How can I build a cloud ?– Which cloud software suite shall I use ?– Can I deep-dive into cloud software on my own?
Yes, You can start exploring Amazon or OpenStackhttp://www.openstack.org
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Eucalyptus, OpenStack, CloudStack
• Following well-known cloud systems are available:
– Amazon, synonym for Cloud– OpenStack, install and try on your own– CloudStack, install and try on your own
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Amazon Explained
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.
• Advantages:– Simple web service interface allows you to obtain and configure
capacity with minimal friction. – Provides you with complete control of your computing resources
and lets you run on Amazon’s proven computing environment. – Reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server
instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down.
• Can I build my own Amazon like Cloud ?
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OpenStack – How “open” is it?
• Open source cloud computing platform for public and private clouds
• Delivers a massive scalable cloud operating system• Code is freely available under the Apache 2.0 license• Over 15,000 members in 133 participating countries
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OpenStack Components
• Not single monolithic software; has multiple, distributed components:
– Compute – Nova– Storage – Swift– Networking – Neutron– Dashboard – Horizon– Identity Service – Keystone– Image Service – Glance– Telemetry Service– Orchestration Service
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OpenStack: Compute
– Provision and manage large networks of virtual machines
– You can deploy OpenStack Compute using one of multiple supported hypervisors in a virtualized environment
– KVM and XenServer are popular choices for hypervisor technology and recommended for most use cases
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OpenStack: Storage
• Object Storage - Swift
– OpenStack provides redundant, scalable object storage using clusters of standardized servers capable of storing petabytes of data
– Object Storage is not a traditional file system, but rather a distributed storage system for static data such as virtual machine images, photo storage, email storage, backups and archives. Having no central "brain" or master point of control provides greater scalability, redundancy, and durability
If you want to build Amazon S3-like service, you can use this.
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OpenStack: Block Storage - Cinder
• Provides persistent block level storage devices for use with OpenStack compute instances – hard disk
• Manages the creation, attaching and detaching of the block devices to servers
• Volumes are fully integrated into OpenStack Compute• Integrated with Dashboard allowing for cloud users to
manage their own storage needs
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OpenStack Networking - Neutron
• Networking is a pluggable, scalable and API-driven system for managing networks and IP addresses
• Provides flexible networking models to suit the needs of different applications or user groups. Standard models include flat networks or VLANs for separation of servers and traffic
• Manages IP addresses, allowing for dedicated static IPs or DHCP or floating IPs
• Floating IPs allow traffic to be dynamically rerouted to any of your compute resources, allowing you to redirect traffic during maintenance or in the case of failure
• Users can create their own networks, control traffic, and connect servers and devices to one or more networks
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How can I start building ?
• Get started with simple Ubuntu 12.04 LTS:
– I will show a demo of:
• Where they should go• What they do• How you can set up the basic cloud
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Goal 1 – Cost Control
• Cost
– Many systems have variable demands Batch processing (e. g., The New York Times) Web sites with peaks (e. g., Forbes) Startups with unknown demand (e. g., the
Cash for Clunkers program)
– Reduce risk Don't need to buy hardware until you need it
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Goal 2 - Business Agility
• More than scalability - elasticity– Ely Lilly in rapidly changing health care business:
• Used to take 3 - 4 months to give a department a server cluster, then they would hoard it
– Using EC2, about 5 minutes:• And they give it back when they are done
• Scaling down is as important as scaling up
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The Traditional Server Concept
• System Administrators often talk about servers as a whole unit that includes hardware, OS, storage, and applications
• Servers are often referred to by their function, e. g., Exchange server, SQL server, and File server
• If the File server fills up or the Exchange server becomes overtaxed, then SysAdmins must add in a new server
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The Traditional Server Concept
• Unless there are multiple servers, if a service experiences a hardware failure, then the service is down
• SysAdmins can implement clusters of servers to make them more fault tolerant. However, even clusters have limits on their scalability, and not all applications work in a clustered environment
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Basic Cloud Characteristics
• The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying details of infrastructure, applications interface with the infrastructure via the APIs
• The “flexibility and elasticity” allow these systems to scale up and down at will:– Utilizing resources of all kinds:
• CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and databases
• The “pay as much as used and needed” type of utility computing and the “always on, anywhere and any place” type of network-based computing
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Basic Cloud Characteristics
• Cloud are transparent to users and applications, they can be built in multiple ways:– Branded products, proprietary, open source, hardware
or software, or just COTS PCs.
• In general, they are built on clusters of PC servers and COTS components plus Open Source software combined with in-house applications and/or system software.
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Pay-Use Example: stock.com
• You offer online, real- time stock market data
• Why pay for capacity weekends, overnight?
9 AM - 5 PM,M-F
ALL OTHER TIMES
Rate of Server
Accesses
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Times Solution
• Host the website in Amazon's EC2• Provision new servers every day, and de-
provision them every night• Pay just $0.10 per server per hour, more
for higher-capacity servers• Let Amazon worry about the hardware!
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Goal 3 - Stick to Our Business
• Most companies don't WANT to do system administration:– Times Of India says:
• We are is a publishing company, not a software company
• But beware:– Do you really save much on sys admin?– You don't have the hardware, but you still need to
manage the OS!
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The Virtual Server Concept
• Virtual servers can still be referred to by their function, e. g., email server and database server
• If the environment is built correctly, virtual servers will not be affected by the loss of a host
• Hosts may be removed and introduced almost at will to accommodate maintenance
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SaaS and PaaS
• SaaS is where an application is hosted as a service provided to customers across the Internet. – SaaS alleviates the burden of software maintenance/support,
but users relinquish control over software versions and requirements.
• PaaS provides a computing platform and a solution stack as a service. – Consumer creates the software using tools and/or libraries
from the provider; also controls software deployment and configuration settings.
– Cloud service provider provides the networks, servers, storage, and other services.
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IaaS
• IaaS providers offer virtual machines, virtual-machine image libraries, raw (block) and file-based storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, VLANs, and software bundles.
• Pools of hypervisors can scale services up and down according to customers' varying requirements.
• All infrastructure is provided on-demand.
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Cloud Service Models
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Google App Engine
SalesForce CRMLotusLive
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance
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Where is all of this?
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Data Centers• Everything sits in a Data Center, but not your Data Center
• $10 billion spent on electricity per year for data centers
• 3% of global energy use
• Clouds are the future of the way companies do business on the Internet
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Summary Comments• Virtualization of servers solves a lot of headaches when
deploying infrastructure and applications• It allows servers to be backed up and moved around
seamlessly• Migrating a server might allow an application speed to
increase, e. g., move to a faster machine • Resizing (up or down) keeps costs proportional to business
model• Model works for both private and public clouds (insourcing
or outsourcing)• Cloud is easy to understand and a convenient way of
accessing infrastructure and services