virtualization essentials instructor guide

Copyright 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.

VIRTUALIZATION ESSENTIALS

INSTRUCTOR GUIDE r1.1.0

VCC1210CL_Instructor_Cover page_v1.1.0.indd 1 28-03-2012 19:41:51

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The information contained in this classroom material is subject to change without notice.

This material contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.

No part of this material may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language

without the prior consent of ITpreneurs Nederland B.V.

Copyright 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.

The language used in this course is US English. Our sources of reference for grammar, syntax, and mechanics are The Chicago Manual of Style, The American Heritage Dictionary, and the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.

VCC1210CL_Instructor_Cover page_v1.1.0.indd 2 28-03-2012 19:41:51

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le Copyright 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.

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le Copyright 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.The language used in this course is US English. Our sources of reference for grammar, syntax,

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le The language used in this course is US English. Our sources of reference for grammar, syntax, and mechanics are The Chicago Manual of Style, The American Heritage Dictionary, and the

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le and mechanics are The Chicago Manual of Style, The American Heritage Dictionary, and the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.

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le Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.

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ContentList of Icons 3

Module 1: Course Introduction 5

Introductions 5

Overview 6

Course Learning Objectives 7

Course Agenda 8

Case Study 10

Introduction of PureNRG 11

Organizational Chart 13

PureNRGs CIO 14

History 16

PureNRGs Business Units 18

Closing 20

Course Portfolio 21

Acknowledgements 22

Module 2: Introduction to Virtualization 23

2.0 Introduction 23

2.1 Defi nitions and Concepts 26

2.2 Virtualization in Context 30

2.3 Virtualization Readiness 47

2.4 Virtualization Landscape 55

End of Module Questions 61

Module 3: Business Perspective 65

3.0 Introduction 65

3.1 Business Value 68

Quiz 87

3.2 Inhibitors and Challenges 90

Case Study Assignment 96


Module 4: Server Virtualization for the Data Center 103

4.0 Introduction 103

4.1 Server Virtualization Overview 106

4.2 Types of Server Virtualization 111

4.3 Leading Platforms 126

4.4 Unique Features 131


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Quiz

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2.3 Virtualization Readiness

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2.3 Virtualization Readiness

2.4 Virtualization Landscape

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2.4 Virtualization Landscape

End of Module Questions

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End of Module Questions

Module 3: Business Perspective

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Module 3: Business Perspective

3.0 Introduction Mater

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3.0 Introduction

3.1 Business Value Mater

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3.1 Business Value

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Acknowledgements 22Not

Acknowledgements 22

Module 2: Introduction to Virtualization 23Not

Module 2: Introduction to Virtualization 23

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PureNRGs Business Units 18for


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Introduction of PureNRG 11Repri

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Organizational Chart 13

ContentModule 5: The Virtual Data Center: Storage, Networks and Applications 147


5.1 Virtualization and Storage 152

5.2 Virtualization and the Network 165

5.3 Systems Management 175

5.4 Opportunities for Application Developers 179

5.5 Case Study Assignment 185


Module 6: Workplace Virtualization Technologies 191


6.1 Workplace virtualization Overview 194

6.2 Challenges and Solutions 214

END of Module Questions 227

Module 7: Adopting Virtualization 229


7.1 Roadmaps 232

7.2 Service Introduction 247

7.3 Migration Technologies 255

Case Study Assignment 270


Module 8: Operating Virtualization 279


8.1 Impact on Service Management Processes 285

8.2 Virtualization and Service Management 303


Module 9: Governing Virtualization 315


9.1 Risk Management 318

9.2 Financial Management 331

9.3 Sharing Policy and IT Management 336


Mock Exam 345Appendix A: Case Study 353Release Notes 357Instructor Feedback Form 359

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le End of Module Questions

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le End of Module Questions Module 9: Governing Virtualization

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9.1 Risk Management

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9.2 Financial Management

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Module 8: Operating Virtualization

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Module 8: Operating Virtualization

8.0 Introduction

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8.0 Introduction

8.1 Impact on Service Management Processes Mater

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8.1 Impact on Service Management Processes

8.2 Virtualization and Service Management Mater

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8.2 Virtualization and Service Management

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List of IconsSpeech bubble Case study

Note Brainstorm

Real world connect Read More

Easy to digest Match the following

Please Read Role Play

Discussion Good to know

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List of IconsProblem solve Activity time

Teack Back

Debate

Lecture

Compare and con-trast

Defi nition

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Copyright 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 5

Instructor | Course Introduction

INTRODUCTIONS

Hello, and welcome to the Virtualization Essentials course! This course provides a balanced approach to learning the business perspectives, technical organization, and principles for operating and governing virtualization.

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Hello, and welcome to the Virtualization Essentials course! This course provides a balanced approach

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Hello, and welcome to the Virtualization Essentials course! This course provides a balanced approach to learning the business perspectives, technical organization, and principles for operating and governing

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to learning the business perspectives, technical organization, and principles for operating and governing

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Copyright 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.6

Virtualization Essentials

OVERVIEW

The Virtualization Essentials course introduces good practices for the virtual domain, and it will enable you to pass the associated Foundation exam to achieve the Virtualization Essentials ProfessionalTM (VEP) certifi cation.

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The Virtualization Essentials course introduces good practices for the virtual domain, and it will enable

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The Virtualization Essentials course introduces good practices for the virtual domain, and it will enable you to pass the associated Foundation exam to achieve the Virtualization Essentials ProfessionalTM

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you to pass the associated Foundation exam to achieve the Virtualization Essentials ProfessionalTM

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COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

This module will aid you in understanding the listed learning objectives.

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COURSE AGENDA

Day1 Virtualization Essentials Module Subject Start End Total Time

(in hours)

1 Course Introduction 08:00 08:30 00:30

2 Introduction to Virtualization 08:30 09:30 01:00

3 Business Perspective 09:30 11:00 01:30

4 Virtualization for the Data Center: Server Virtualization 11:00 12:00 01:00

LUNCH 12:00 01:00 01:00

4 Server Virtualization for the Data Center 01:00 02:30 01:30

5 Virtualization for the Data Center: Storage, Networks, and Applications

02:30 05:00 02:30

Homework (review of days material) 05:00 06:00 01:00

Total 10:00

Total (Less Lunch and Homework) 08:00

Day2 Virtualization Essentials Module Subject Start End Total Time

(in hours)

6 Workplace Virtualization Technologies 08:30 10:00 01:30

7 Adopting Virtualization 10:00 12:00 02:00

LUNCH 12:00 01:00 01:00

8 Virtualization and Service Management 01:00 03:00 02:00

9 Governing Virtualization 03:00 05:00 02:00

Exam 05:00 06:00 01:00

Total 09:30

Total (Less Lunch and Exam) 07:30

Total Contact Hours 15:30Samp

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Total (Less Lunch and Exam)

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Module Subject Start End Total Time

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Module Subject Start End Total Time

6 Workplace Virtualization Technologies

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The Virtualization Essentials course contains nine graduated modules: Module 1 introduces the basic defi nitions and concepts of virtualization. Module 2 discusses the opportunities and challenges that virtualization brings for data center

managers, application developers, and business units. Module 3 examines traditional data-center servers, storage, and network devices. Modules 4 and 5 explain how virtualization techniques apply to each of these types of

devices. Module 6 shows how the workplace can be virtualized. Module 7 contains two types of tools to guide you in applying virtualization in your

organization road maps and maturity models. The fi nal two modules cover operating and maintaining virtualization.

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ntModule 2 discusses the opportunities and challenges that virtualization brings for data center Module 3 examines traditional data-center servers, storage, and network devices.

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ntModule 3 examines traditional data-center servers, storage, and network devices.Modules 4 and 5 explain how virtualization techniques apply to each of these types of

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ntModules 4 and 5 explain how virtualization techniques apply to each of these types of

Module 7 contains two types of tools to guide you in applying virtualization in your Repri

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Module 7 contains two types of tools to guide you in applying virtualization in your



CASE STUDY

In some modules, you will fi nd assignments based on a case study. Mary will guide you through these case studies. Mary please take it from here.Mary : Hi, I am Mary. Im glad to have the opportunity to introduce the PureNRG(should be pronounced as energy) organization to you. During the next few minutes, I will provide you with an overview of the organization. You will need the information in this overview to provide the answers to assignments throughout the course.

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nd assignments based on a case study. Mary will guide you through these

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nd assignments based on a case study. Mary will guide you through these fi nd assignments based on a case study. Mary will guide you through these fi

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fi nd assignments based on a case study. Mary will guide you through these fi

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case studies. Mary please take it from here.

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case studies. Mary please take it from here.Mary : Hi, I am Mary. Im glad to have the opportunity to introduce the PureNRG(should be pronounced

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Mary : Hi, I am Mary. Im glad to have the opportunity to introduce the PureNRG(should be pronounced as energy) organization to you. During the next few minutes, I will provide you with an overview of

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as energy) organization to you. During the next few minutes, I will provide you with an overview of the organization. You will need the information in this overview to provide the answers to assignments Ma

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the organization. You will need the information in this overview to provide the answers to assignments throughout the course.Ma

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throughout the course.

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INTRODUCTION OF PURENRG

As you might expect, PureNRG is an energy company that is focusing its core business on sustainable energy production and distribution.PureNRG is vertically integrated, which means it controls generating facilities, transmission facilities, distribution lines, customer-access equipment, and billing and accounting services.PureNRG has a strong brand name, and the company is known to be a dependable energy supplier.

PureNRGThe PureNRG Organization

Is headquartered in the United Kingdom. Was established in 1988, right after the electricity industry was privatized. Has research facilities in the US and Japan. Has been through many mergers and acquisitions since the year 2000. Focuses on green energy production and distribution. Wants to be the #1 energy provider in the industry.

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le PureNRG

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le PureNRGThe PureNRG Organization

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le The PureNRG Organization

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le Is headquartered in the United Kingdom.

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le Is headquartered in the United Kingdom.

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le Was established in 1988, right after the electricity industry was privatized.

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le Was established in 1988, right after the electricity industry was privatized.

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As you might expect, PureNRG is an energy company that is focusing its core business on sustainable

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As you might expect, PureNRG is an energy company that is focusing its core business on sustainable energy production and distribution.

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energy production and distribution.PureNRG is vertically integrated, which means it controls generating facilities, transmission facilities,

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PureNRG is vertically integrated, which means it controls generating facilities, transmission facilities, distribution lines, customer-access equipment, and billing and accounting services.

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distribution lines, customer-access equipment, and billing and accounting services.PureNRG has a strong brand name, and the company is known to be a dependable energy supplier.Ma

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PureNRG has a strong brand name, and the company is known to be a dependable energy supplier.

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The IT Organization o Employs close to 800 IT staff.

o Focuses on providing more functionality.

o Develops many in-house applications.

o Possesses a low level of standardization.

o Places priority on IT security.

o Must conform to increasing compliance requirements.

The Plant o The objective of this business unit is to produce electricity and, while doing so, maximize

profi t and reduce cost.

Trading o The trading unit buys and sells energy. It buys when PureNRG is short on electricity for

its customers or when prices are low. It sells when it has excess electricity or when prices are high.

Sales & Distribution o This business unit manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages

its sales.

R&D o Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to

keep its leading position.

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- Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to - Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to Not This business unit manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages Not This business unit manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages

Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to Not

Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to

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The trading unit buys and sells energy. It buys when PureNRG is short on electricity for for

The trading unit buys and sells energy. It buys when PureNRG is short on electricity for its customers or when prices are low. It sells when it has excess electricity or when prices for

its customers or when prices are low. It sells when it has excess electricity or when prices

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ntThe objective of this business unit is to produce electricity and, while doing so, maximize Re

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The objective of this business unit is to produce electricity and, while doing so, maximize



ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Mary: Lets have a look at the other team members of PureNRG.

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PURENRGS CIO

Mary: Let me introduce you to Daniel, PureNRGs CIO. Daniel, can you tell us a little bit about your IT organization?Daniel: Hi Mary, thank you for the introduction. Sure, I can tell you about PureNRG. Energy companies can win new customers through price point, services, and new technologies to differentiate themselves. Our IT organization needs to support all these efforts appropriately and were doing everything we can to modernize our IT organization. For example, weve been reducing the complexity of our IT landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and fl exible environment. I look forward to your input!

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le can to modernize our IT organization. For example, weve been reducing the complexity of our IT

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le can to modernize our IT organization. For example, weve been reducing the complexity of our IT landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and

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le landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and

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Mary: Let me introduce you to Daniel, PureNRGs CIO. Daniel, can you tell us a little bit about your IT

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Mary: Let me introduce you to Daniel, PureNRGs CIO. Daniel, can you tell us a little bit about your IT

Daniel: Hi Mary, thank you for the introduction. Sure, I can tell you about PureNRG. Energy companies

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Daniel: Hi Mary, thank you for the introduction. Sure, I can tell you about PureNRG. Energy companies can win new customers through price point, services, and new technologies to differentiate themselves.

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can win new customers through price point, services, and new technologies to differentiate themselves. Our IT organization needs to support all these efforts appropriately and were doing everything we Ma

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Our IT organization needs to support all these efforts appropriately and were doing everything we Mater

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can to modernize our IT organization. For example, weve been reducing the complexity of our IT Mater

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can to modernize our IT organization. For example, weve been reducing the complexity of our IT landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and Ma

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landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and

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Monitor-on-DemandThis online portal allows our customers to control their appliances through an online portal as well as review their electricity usage per appliance.

Bill-BackPureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power grid, and it expects this program to grow rapidly over the next 10 years. However, the billing system that PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment and hosting the application in a virtual environment.

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le PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it

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le PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment

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le could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment

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le and hosting the application in a virtual environment.

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le and hosting the application in a virtual environment.Ma

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This online portal allows our customers to control their appliances through an online portal as well as

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This online portal allows our customers to control their appliances through an online portal as well as review their electricity usage per appliance.

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review their electricity usage per appliance.

PureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power

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PureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power grid, and it expects this program to grow rapidly over the next 10 years. However, the billing system that Ma

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grid, and it expects this program to grow rapidly over the next 10 years. However, the billing system that Mater

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PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it Mater

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PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment Ma

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could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment

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HISTORY

Mary: Lets take a look at PureNRGs history to better understand what it is trying to achieve today.

1988-1999When the British government privatized the electrical power industry in 1988, the London-based ElectriCo acquired a coal plant owned by Harrison Ltd., one of the major coal plants in the UK. After a few similar acquisitions, ElectriCo became a leading player in the UK energy industry.

2000-2010 In 2000, the company acquired the Swedish, formerly state-owned utility company, Sandin,

and the Finnish electricity company, GDN. ElectriCo began investing in solar-powered energy after 2004. After entering the Dutch and German markets in 2005, the company changed its name to

PureNRG. Recently, they have acquired the fourth largest utility company in France, Aloge, which had a

strong focus on R&D in the fi eld of green energy. In 2008, PureNRG acquired two R&D facilities, one in Japan for tidal energy research and

the other in the US for solar-energy research, to become a worldwide leader in green energy production.Sa

mple

2000-2010

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In 2000, the company acquired the Swedish, formerly state-owned utility company, Sandin,

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le In 2000, the company acquired the Swedish, formerly state-owned utility company, Sandin, and the Finnish electricity company, GDN.

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le and the Finnish electricity company, GDN.

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le ElectriCo began investing in solar-powered energy after 2004.

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le ElectriCo began investing in solar-powered energy after 2004.

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le After entering the Dutch and German markets in 2005, the company changed its name to

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le After entering the Dutch and German markets in 2005, the company changed its name to PureNRG.

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le PureNRG.

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le Recently, they have acquired the fourth largest utility company in France, Aloge, which had a

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le Recently, they have acquired the fourth largest utility company in France, Aloge, which had a

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When the British government privatized the electrical power industry in 1988, the London-based

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When the British government privatized the electrical power industry in 1988, the London-based ElectriCo acquired a coal plant owned by Harrison Ltd., one of the major coal plants in the UK. After a Ma

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ElectriCo acquired a coal plant owned by Harrison Ltd., one of the major coal plants in the UK. After a few similar acquisitions, ElectriCo became a leading player in the UK energy industry. Ma

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few similar acquisitions, ElectriCo became a leading player in the UK energy industry.

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2010-PresentPureNRG does not plan any further mergers or acquisitions and wants to start focusing on improving the company internally. They will start by addressing some of the major problems in their IT organization:

Diffi culty in maintaining many different applications and platforms Improving the availability of trading systems Balancing the load on the reporting software from Sales & Distribution Diffi culty in managing the R&D department remotely

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tcompany internally. They will start by addressing some of the major problems in their IT organization:

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PURENRGS BUSINESS UNITS

Plant The core business for each plant is to produce energy cost effi ciently. The IT component consists of monitoring and measurement systems to control how much coal

is burnt, the amount of energy produced, which switches to operate, and so on. The systems are very specialized, and some are built in-house.

Sales and Distribution Sales and Distribution manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages

its sales. This core function requires attendant tasks, such as CRM, billing, and accounting.

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le Sales and Distribution

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Sales and Distribution manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages

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le Sales and Distribution manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages its sales. This core function requires attendant tasks, such as CRM, billing, and accounting.

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le its sales. This core function requires attendant tasks, such as CRM, billing, and accounting.Ma

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is burnt, the amount of energy produced, which switches to operate, and so on.The systems are very specialized, and some are built in-house.Ma

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The systems are very specialized, and some are built in-house.

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PureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power grid in a program known as Bill-Back.

The new billing system for Bill-Back could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment to host a new billing system in a virtual environment that would allow clients to produce energy and sell it back to PureNRG.

Trading Energy trading systems are very specifi c in nature, and PureNRG has many customized

applications. PureNRGs traders use many regular spreadsheets because they require more detail and

customization. Trading systems should be online at all times.

R&D The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure. PureNRGs facilities in Japan and the US are not yet connected to PureNRGs network. Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.

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Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.

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Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.for The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.

for The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.

PureNRGs facilities in Japan and the US are not yet connected to PureNRGs network.for

PureNRGs facilities in Japan and the US are not yet connected to PureNRGs network.for

Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.for

Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.

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ntat creating a virtualized development environment to host a new billing system in a virtual

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ntat creating a virtualized development environment to host a new billing system in a virtual environment that would allow clients to produce energy and sell it back to PureNRG.

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ntenvironment that would allow clients to produce energy and sell it back to PureNRG. c in nature, and PureNRG has many customized

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nt c in nature, and PureNRG has many customized

PureNRGs traders use many regular spreadsheets because they require more detail and

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ntPureNRGs traders use many regular spreadsheets because they require more detail and

The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.Repri

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The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.



CLOSING

Mary: You must download the PDF on PureNRG and read it. The PDF document not only contains all the information that weve just considered, but you will also fi nd additional, detailed information.If you want to revisit the case study, simply browse to Module 1.

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Mary: You must download the PDF on PureNRG and read it. The PDF document not only contains all

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Mary: You must download the PDF on PureNRG and read it. The PDF document not only contains all the information that weve just considered, but you will also

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the information that weve just considered, but you will also

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If you want to revisit the case study, simply browse to Module 1.

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If you want to revisit the case study, simply browse to Module 1.

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COURSE PORTFOLIO

Dont forget to check out the Cloud Essentials course if you havent done so already. It will enable you to pass the Cloud Essentials exam to achieve the Cloud Essentials ProfessionalTM (CEP) certifi cation.

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Dont forget to check out the Cloud Essentials course if you havent done so already. It will enable you

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Dont forget to check out the Cloud Essentials course if you havent done so already. It will enable you to pass the Cloud Essentials exam to achieve the Cloud Essentials Professional

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to pass the Cloud Essentials exam to achieve the Cloud Essentials Professional

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Instructor | Introduction to Virtualization

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Have you heard about virtualization and cloud computing? Over the past few years, these technologies have made signifi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress of these technologies, it has become less important to own a particular server and more important to share computing resources. Virtualization enables hardware to be shared among users in a much more effi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure sharing across organizational lines.

Topic Learning Roadmap

2.0.1Module Learning

Objectives

2.0.2Topics Covered in This Module

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le sharing across organizational lines.

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le sharing across organizational lines.

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Module Learning

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Have you heard about virtualization and cloud computing? Over the past few years, these technologies

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Have you heard about virtualization and cloud computing? Over the past few years, these technologies have made signi

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have made signifi

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fi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress

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cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress fi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress fi

Mater

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fi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress fiof these technologies, it has become less important to own a particular server and more important

Mater

ial

of these technologies, it has become less important to own a particular server and more important to share computing resources. Virtualization enables hardware to be shared among users in a much

Mater

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to share computing resources. Virtualization enables hardware to be shared among users in a much fi Ma

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fi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure Mater

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cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure fi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure fi Mater

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fi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure fisharing across organizational lines.Ma

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sharing across organizational lines.

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2.0.1 Module Learning Objectives

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2.0.2 Topics Covered in This Module

This module provides an introduction to the topic of virtualization.

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2.1 DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS

Virtualization

Nonvirtualized computers have one set of hardware and one set of software. Virtualization is a set of techniques for hiding hardware resources behind software abstractions to simplify the way other software or end users interact with those resources. Consequently, a single server computer, when virtualized, can run multiple operating systems.

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Nonvirtualized computers have one set of hardware and one set of software. Virtualization is a set

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Nonvirtualized computers have one set of hardware and one set of software. Virtualization is a set of techniques for hiding hardware resources behind software abstractions to simplify the way other

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of techniques for hiding hardware resources behind software abstractions to simplify the way other software or end users interact with those resources. Consequently, a single server computer, when Ma

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software or end users interact with those resources. Consequently, a single server computer, when virtualized, can run multiple operating systems.Ma

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virtualized, can run multiple operating systems.

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Virtualization (Contd.)

The popular press typically identifi es virtualization as a software category. However, in an enterprise, virtualization should be understood as an integrated approach encompassing software, hardware, and a number of techniques and processes that when taken together, increase the ease with which IT assets can be delivered, managed, and shared.

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The popular press typically identi

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The popular press typically identifi

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fivirtualization should be understood as an integrated approach encompassing software, hardware,

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virtualization should be understood as an integrated approach encompassing software, hardware,

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and a number of techniques and processes that when taken together, increase the ease with which IT

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and a number of techniques and processes that when taken together, increase the ease with which IT assets can be delivered, managed, and shared.

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assets can be delivered, managed, and shared.

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Virtualization Defi ned

There is no single defi nition of virtualization. Users, vendors, and technology providers all have their own specifi c views.

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nition of virtualization. Users, vendors, and technology providers all have their

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Topics Covered in This Module

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2.2 VIRTUALIZATION IN CONTEXT

Now that we know a bit about virtualization, we should consider where it fi ts. Among todays IT strategies, virtualization is best seen as a step on the way to modern infrastructure valuable in its own right, but setting the stage for better things to come.

Topic Learning Roadmap

2.2.1A Brief History of

Virtualization

2.2.2Virtualization and Cloud Computing

in Context

2.2.3IT Delivery

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Now that we know a bit about virtualization, we should consider where it

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Now that we know a bit about virtualization, we should consider where it virtualization is best seen as a step on the way to modern infrastructure valuable in its own right, but

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virtualization is best seen as a step on the way to modern infrastructure valuable in its own right, but setting the stage for better things to come.

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setting the stage for better things to come.

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Technical and Operational Points of View

Virtualization can be understood from a technical point of view or from an IT operations point of view. Regardless of how you look at it, virtualization is part of a journey.Where did this journey begin?

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Virtualization can be understood from a technical point of view or from an IT operations point of view.

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Virtualization can be understood from a technical point of view or from an IT operations point of view. Regardless of how you look at it, virtualization is part of a journey.

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Regardless of how you look at it, virtualization is part of a journey.

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Where did this journey begin?

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Where did this journey begin?

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2.2.1 A Brief History of Virtualization

History

1960-19691964: IBM begins development of CP-40.1966: IBM ships the S/360-67 computer in June 1966.1968: CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.

1970-19791972: VM/370 is announced and running on announcement date. VM/370 includes the ability to run a virtual machine (VM) under a VM, previously implemented both at IBM and at user sites under CP/CMS, but not made part of standard releases.1973: First shipment of announced virtual memory S/370 models.

1980-19991985: October 9, 1985: Announcement of the Intel 80286-based AT&T 6300+ with Simultask.1988: SoftPC 1.0 DOS emulator for Sun and Apple Macintosh introduced by Insignia Solutions.1997: First version of Virtual PC for Macintosh platform released in June 1997 by Connectix.1999: February 8, 1999, VMware introduces the VMware Virtual Platform for the Intel IA-32 architecture.

2000-20052000: IBM announces z/VM, a new version of VM for IBMs 64-bit z/Architecture.2001: Connectix launches its fi rst version of Virtual PC for Windows.

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le CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.

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le CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.

1970-1979

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VM/370 is announced and running on announcement date. VM/370 includes the ability to run

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le VM/370 is announced and running on announcement date. VM/370 includes the ability to run a virtual machine (VM) under a VM, previously implemented both at IBM and at user sites under CP/

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le a virtual machine (VM) under a VM, previously implemented both at IBM and at user sites under CP/CMS, but not made part of standard releases.

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le CMS, but not made part of standard releases.1973:

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le 1973: First shipment of announced virtual memory S/370 models.

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le First shipment of announced virtual memory S/370 models.

1980-1999

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le 1980-19991985:

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le 1985: October 9, 1985: Announcement of the Intel 80286-based AT&T 6300+ with Simultask.

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le October 9, 1985: Announcement of the Intel 80286-based AT&T 6300+ with Simultask.

1988: Samp

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1988:

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IBM begins development of CP-40.

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IBM begins development of CP-40. IBM ships the S/360-67 computer in June 1966.Ma

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CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.

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VMware creates the fi rst x86 server-virtualization product.IBM launches AIX5L and Power4, allowing the partitioning of servers.2003: First release of fi rst open-source x86 hypervisor, Xen.February 18, 2003, Microsoft acquires virtualization technologies (Virtual PC and an unreleased product called Virtual Server) from Connectix Corporation.Late 2003, EMC acquires VMware for $635 million.2005: Sun releases Solaris (Operating System) 10, including Solaris Zones, for both x86/x64 and SPARC systems.

2006-Present2006: July 12, 2006, VMware releases VMware Server and Virtual Infrastructure 3.Microsoft Virtual PC 2006 is released as a free program, also in July.Sun announces LDOM hardware logical partitioning.July 17, 2006 Microsoft buys Softricity.2007: Sun releases Solaris 8 Containers to enable migration of a Solaris 8 computer into a Solaris Container on a Solaris 10 system for SPARC only.Citrix buys XenSource.2008: Citrix releases the XenServer, XenDesktop, and XenApp product lines.In April, VMware releases VMware Workstation 6.5.Microsoft introduces Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V.2009: Red Hat announces Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.VMware announces vsphere 4.2010: VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.

Delivery Instructions

Speak to the slide, Highlight a few critical dates (IBM introduction of technology in 64, VMware launch in 99), AIX and Sun product introductions in 2001 and 2005, 2008/9 as a watershed year for x86 commodity virtualization technology

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VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.

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Speak to the slide, Highlight a few critical dates (IBM introduction of technology in 64, VMware launch in

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Speak to the slide, Highlight a few critical dates (IBM introduction of technology in 64, VMware launch in 99), AIX and Sun product introductions in 2001 and 2005, 2008/9 as a watershed year for x86 commodity

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99), AIX and Sun product introductions in 2001 and 2005, 2008/9 as a watershed year for x86 commodity virtualization technology

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virtualization technology

- VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.- VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.Not Citrix releases the XenServer, XenDesktop, and XenApp product lines.Not Citrix releases the XenServer, XenDesktop, and XenApp product lines.

In April, VMware releases VMware Workstation 6.5.

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In April, VMware releases VMware Workstation 6.5.Microsoft introduces Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V.No

t Microsoft introduces Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V.

Red Hat announces Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.Not

Red Hat announces Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.

for

Sun releases Solaris 8 Containers to enable migration of a Solaris 8 computer into a Solaris for

Sun releases Solaris 8 Containers to enable migration of a Solaris 8 computer into a Solaris

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ntFebruary 18, 2003, Microsoft acquires virtualization technologies (Virtual PC and an unreleased

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ntFebruary 18, 2003, Microsoft acquires virtualization technologies (Virtual PC and an unreleased Sun releases Solaris (Operating System) 10, including Solaris Zones, for both x86/x64 and

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nt Sun releases Solaris (Operating System) 10, including Solaris Zones, for both x86/x64 and

July 12, 2006, VMware releases VMware Server and Virtual Infrastructure 3.Repri

nt July 12, 2006, VMware releases VMware Server and Virtual Infrastructure 3.



Today

Much of the current interest in virtualization is concerned with re-creating the robust capabilities of the more-mature, proprietary platforms on the less-expensive, commodity distributed platforms.Achieving these capabilities on cheap, plentiful machines does not just replicate the old capability for less money it radically changes the value proposition for virtualization. It now becomes possible to imagine a world where any IT workload can run anywhere. This is analogous to the way laptops and mobile phones have transformed the concept of where a workplace can be located.

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Much of the current interest in virtualization is concerned with re-creating the robust capabilities of the

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Much of the current interest in virtualization is concerned with re-creating the robust capabilities of the more-mature, proprietary platforms on the less-expensive, commodity distributed platforms.

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more-mature, proprietary platforms on the less-expensive, commodity distributed platforms.Achieving these capabilities on cheap, plentiful machines does not just replicate the old capability for

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Achieving these capabilities on cheap, plentiful machines does not just replicate the old capability for less money it radically changes the value proposition for virtualization. It now becomes possible to

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less money it radically changes the value proposition for virtualization. It now becomes possible to

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imagine a world where any IT workload can run anywhere. This is analogous to the way laptops and Mater

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imagine a world where any IT workload can run anywhere. This is analogous to the way laptops and mobile phones have transformed the concept of where a workplace can be located.Ma

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mobile phones have transformed the concept of where a workplace can be located.

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Patents

Although elements of virtualization have been around for a long time, innovation in this fi eld continues to accelerate.The diagram shows a strong increase in patents from 2007 onwards. That much patent activity indicates a massive investment in this fi eld. What is driving this investment?

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Although elements of virtualization have been around for a long time, innovation in this

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The diagram shows a strong increase in patents from 2007 onwards. That much patent activity indicates

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a massive investment in this

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CPU Transistor Counts

The diagram shows the number of transistors packed into each successive generation of commodity CPUs. The scale of the chart is logarithmic; the power of CPUs doubles every 18-24 months.The point of this graph is that a single server can typically handle a lot of applications, and each next generation of the server can handle even more applications.

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The diagram shows the number of transistors packed into each successive generation of commodity

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The diagram shows the number of transistors packed into each successive generation of commodity CPUs. The scale of the chart is logarithmic; the power of CPUs doubles every 18-24 months.

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CPUs. The scale of the chart is logarithmic; the power of CPUs doubles every 18-24 months.The point of this graph is that a single server can typically handle a lot of applications, and each next

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The point of this graph is that a single server can typically handle a lot of applications, and each next generation of the server can handle even more applications.

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generation of the server can handle even more applications.

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Programming

Programmers are no longer able to take advantage of this much power with conventional programming techniques. This was earthshaking news back in 2005 when it seemed that programmers would all have to be retrained or the new hardware would remain underutilized.Applications increasingly need to be concurrent in order to fully exploit the continuing exponential CPU throughput gains. Concurrent programming is complicated, subtle, and requires both training and experience.Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent acceleration of virtualization.

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le Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal

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le Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent

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Programmers are no longer able to take advantage of this much power with conventional programming

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Programmers are no longer able to take advantage of this much power with conventional programming techniques. This was earthshaking news back in 2005 when it seemed that programmers would all

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techniques. This was earthshaking news back in 2005 when it seemed that programmers would all have to be retrained or the new hardware would remain underutilized.

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have to be retrained or the new hardware would remain underutilized.Applications increasingly need to be concurrent in order to fully exploit the continuing exponential

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Applications increasingly need to be concurrent in order to fully exploit the continuing exponential

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CPU throughput gains. Concurrent programming is complicated, subtle, and requires both training and Mater

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CPU throughput gains. Concurrent programming is complicated, subtle, and requires both training and experience. Ma

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experience.Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal Ma

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programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent

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2.2.2 Virtualization and Cloud Computing in Context

Cloud Computing

In cloud computing, the cloud service provider will provide access to the software, takes care of hosting and storage, and can also help developers rapidly create applications. Where the provider keeps the hardware is their business. It might be in a dedicated data center, in multiple data centers, or shifted between data centers. Because we dont know the exact location, we call it cloud computing.Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the underlying technology is old, the emergence of cloud providers has created new possibilities for IT and business units. Thats why cloud computing is more a business model than a technology.

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le Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the

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le Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the underlying technology is old, the emergence of cloud providers has created new possibilities for IT and

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In cloud computing, the cloud service provider will provide access to the software, takes care of hosting

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In cloud computing, the cloud service provider will provide access to the software, takes care of hosting and storage, and can also help developers rapidly create applications. Where the provider keeps the

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and storage, and can also help developers rapidly create applications. Where the provider keeps the hardware is their business. It might be in a dedicated data center, in multiple data centers, or shifted Ma

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hardware is their business. It might be in a dedicated data center, in multiple data centers, or shifted between data centers. Because we dont know the exact location, we call it cloud computing.Ma

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between data centers. Because we dont know the exact location, we call it cloud computing.Mater

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Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the

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Enabling Technology

Virtualization is an enabling technology for cloud computing and cloud computing services. For cloud computing to occur, it is necessary to separate resources from their physical location. Without virtualization, the cloud becomes very diffi cult to manage.In addition, cloud computing is a business model where ownership of physical resources rests with one party, and the service users are billed for their real use. An organization can use virtualization for internal customers. Cloud computing presupposes external service users.These steps must be understood as part of an organizations journey not only a change in technology, but a transformation in how IT is delivered.

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le These steps must be understood as part of an organizations journey not only a change in technology,

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Virtualization is an enabling technology for cloud computing and cloud computing services. For

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Virtualization is an enabling technology for cloud computing and cloud computing services. For cloud computing to occur, it is necessary to separate resources from their physical location. Without

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cloud computing to occur, it is necessary to separate resources from their physical location. Without virtualization, the cloud becomes very dif

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virtualization, the cloud becomes very difIn addition, cloud computing is a business model where ownership of physical resources rests with

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In addition, cloud computing is a business model where ownership of physical resources rests with

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one party, and the service users are billed for their real use. An organization can use virtualization for Mater

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one party, and the service users are billed for their real use. An organization can use virtualization for internal customers. Cloud computing presupposes external service users.Ma

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internal customers. Cloud computing presupposes external service users.These steps must be understood as part of an organizations journey not only a change in technology, Ma

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These steps must be understood as part of an organizations journey not only a change in technology,

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2.2.3 IT Delivery

Virtualization and cloud computing are steps on a journey toward a more fl exible and cost-effi cient way of delivering IT. To move physical hardware and software to the cloud, a transition must be made, as shown in the diagram, Transition in IT Delivery. The move will require new expertise, processes, and technologies.

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Virtualization and cloud computing are steps on a journey toward a more

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Virtualization and cloud computing are steps on a journey toward a more of delivering IT. To move physical hardware and software to the cloud, a transition must be made, as

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of delivering IT. To move physical hardware and software to the cloud, a transition must be made, as

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shown in the diagram, Transition in IT Delivery. The move will require new expertise, processes, and

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shown in the diagram, Transition in IT Delivery. The move will require new expertise, processes, and

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IT Delivery (Contd.)

When a company moves from physical space to virtual space, changes in people and technology are required. You need virtualization specialists, shared hardware, and hypervisors.

Virtualization SpecialistsAs an organization introduces virtualization, staff must acquire specialized skills in the management of new technology, such as hypervisors, remote desktops, and virtualized storage. These new platforms not only require a different approach, they must also be integrated with the rest of the organization.

Shared HardwareVirtualization makes in-house infrastructure vastly more effi cient by allowing teams to share hardware that is underutilized or utilized only at specifi c peak periods. The resulting savings from buying, housing, and supporting fewer devices, termed Asset Effi ciency, is one of the great benefi ts of virtualization.

HypervisorsVirtualization introduces a new layer between the server hardware and the operating system of the traditional IT stack. This new layer requires technical expertise to manage. It also means that organizational decisions regarding the server hardware and operating systems must be re-examined.

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When a company moves from physical space to virtual space, changes in people and technology are

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When a company moves from physical space to virtual space, changes in people and technology are required. You need virtualization specialists, shared hardware, and hypervisors.

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required. You need virtualization specialists, shared hardware, and hypervisors.

Virtualization Specialists

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Virtualization SpecialistsAs an organization introduces virtualization, staff must acquire specialized skills in the management of

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As an organization introduces virtualization, staff must acquire specialized skills in the management of new technology, such as hypervisors, remote desktops, and virtualized storage. These new platforms Ma

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When a company moves from physical space to virtual space or from virtualization to the cloud, changes are required in people, processes, and technology. You need sourcing expertise and a common IT business strategy, as well as the Federation and Security processes. Cloud management platforms must be adopted, and people should think about service and not hardware.

Sourcing ExpertiseVirtualization introduces the possibility, and Cloud Computing further requires that externally sourced IT services play a greater role in the overall IT mix. Organizations need staff with vendor management and partner relationships skills; that is, sourcing expertise.

Common IT and Business Strategy IT strategy is always formulated in support of the business, but as an organization matures and engages in both sourcing in and delivering out capabilities in a cloud environment, IT decisions become decisions about who and where the company does business. IT and business strategy become inseparable. For staff to engage in successful strategy, they need to understand both the business they work in and IT.

FederationWhen applications are supplied by a number of independent providers, the need to ensure a consistent view of critical underlying data across these providers arises. One common challenge is identity federation, where multiple services trust each others user information, such as access rights and preferences. Another challenge is master data federation, where common corporate data, such as product inventories or customer data, is shared across a number of applications.

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When a company moves from physical space to virtual space or from virtualization to the cloud, changes

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When a company moves from physical space to virtual space or from virtualization to the cloud, changes are required in people, processes, and technology. You need sourcing expertise and a common IT

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are required in people, processes, and technology. You need sourcing expertise and a common IT business strategy, as well as the Federation and Security processes. Cloud management platforms

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business strategy, as well as the Federation and Security processes. Cloud management platforms must be adopted, and people should think about service and not hardware.

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Security and RiskBecause cloud computing involves moving from an environment completely under in-house control to one in which a number of external vendors are relied upon, it poses unique challenges to the confi dentiality, integrity, and availability of data and processes with signifi cant bearing on the risk profi le of the organization.

Cloud Management PlatformsA company that adopts cloud computing must bring together diverse services from a variety of vendors, as well as in-house capabilities, in a consistent and consistently managed way. The emerging category of cloud management provides the capability to realize the potential of anytime, anywhere cloud computing.

Service, Not HardwareAs an organization becomes comfortable with virtualization, it stops talking about its servers and instead talks about the capacity it needs and where the capacity must be located. A company that adopts cloud computing can own a few servers while being able to deliver any number of virtual servers for just as long as their developers need them.


Virtualization and cloud computing share the need for cross-silo expertise, dynamic environments, usage metering, self-service, automation, and management tools.

Cross-Silo ExpertiseAs an organization gains experience with virtualization, roles within IT delivery are redefi ned. Planning, provisioning, and troubleshooting require a combination of skills such as networking and UNIX system administration, which are often found in separate IT silos in a conventional enterprise.

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Dynamic EnvironmentIn a typical company, processes such as server installation and inventory management are oriented around confi guration changes that, once provisioned, will last for years. Virtualized and cloud environments scale up and down dynamically and require supporting processes to handle changes that might last for only minutes or hours. For example, a developer might bring up a network of fi fty VMs to test a batch job after lunch and be done with them at 5 oclock.

Self-ServiceConventional procedures to buy equipment or make confi guration changes can take months to complete in a complex organization and are manually intensive; requests can become lost in the mail. A balanced approach to self-service, which maintains control over fi nancial, operational, and technical constraints and delivers quickly when a standard request is made, is typical of the benefi ts virtualization and cloud computing bring to business and IT users alike.

Usage MeteringBefore virtualization, hardware and software assets were typically allocated to an individual business area within a company. The owning group bore the cost of purchase, housing, and support. However, as sharing increases with virtualization and

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