viruses - school of arts & sciencesupshaw/viruses.ppt.pdf · how viruses multiply (hidden...
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VirusesViruses
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Are Viruses Living?Are Viruses Living?
((What do you think?)What do you think?)
�� Are they cells?Are they cells?
�� Do they use energy to grow?Do they use energy to grow?
�� Do they use energy to respond to their Do they use energy to respond to their
surrounding?surrounding?
�� Are they Are they autotrophsautotrophs or or heterotrophsheterotrophs??
�� Do they give off waste?Do they give off waste?
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Are Viruses Living?Are Viruses Living?
NONO
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WhoWho’’s Hosting?s Hosting?
�� Viruses need a host to Viruses need a host to
multiplymultiply
�� HostHost-- an organism that an organism that
provides energyprovides energy
�� Examples: people, Examples: people,
birds, raccoon, tomato, birds, raccoon, tomato,
potatoespotatoes
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Counterfeit ParasitesCounterfeit Parasites
�� Parasites: Parasites: organism organism living on or in a host living on or in a host
cell that causes harm to the hostcell that causes harm to the host
�� Why are viruses counterfeits? Why are viruses counterfeits?
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Counterfeits?Counterfeits?
�� Viruses are counterfeits because they Viruses are counterfeits because they
destroy host cells, but they are not destroy host cells, but they are not
organisms!!organisms!!
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Naming VirusesNaming Viruses
After the disease it causes (polio)After the disease it causes (polio)
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Naming VirusesNaming Viruses
Organism it infects (tomato mosaic)Organism it infects (tomato mosaic)
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Naming VirusesNaming Viruses
Place where itPlace where it’’s found s found
(Ebola(Ebola-- place in Africa)place in Africa)
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Naming VirusesNaming Viruses
People who identify it (EpsteinPeople who identify it (Epstein--Barr identified Barr identified
mononucleosis)mononucleosis)
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Various Shapes Various Shapes
�� RodRod
�� RoundRound
�� BricklikeBricklike
�� BulletlikeBulletlike
�� Threadlike Threadlike
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Various ShapesVarious Shapes
�� BacteriophageBacteriophage: a virus that infects bacteria!: a virus that infects bacteria!
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Various SizesVarious Sizes
�� CanCan’’t be seen with our microscopest be seen with our microscopes
�� Measured in nanometersMeasured in nanometers
�� 1nm1nm--1/1,000,000,000m1/1,000,000,000m
�� Yellow fever= 22nmYellow fever= 22nm
�� Smallpox= 250nmSmallpox= 250nm
�� Average= 50nm to 60nmAverage= 50nm to 60nm
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Various SizesVarious Sizes
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Structure of VirusesStructure of Viruses
�� A unique protein coat: shape of the protein A unique protein coat: shape of the protein
allows the coat to attach to, or lock onto, allows the coat to attach to, or lock onto,
specific host cellsspecific host cells
Example: HIV attach TExample: HIV attach T--4 cells4 cells
*Genetic material is inside of the virus (DNA *Genetic material is inside of the virus (DNA
or RNA)or RNA)
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Structures of VirusesStructures of Viruses
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How Viruses MultiplyHow Viruses Multiply
((Active Viruses)Active Viruses)
�� Virus attaches to the host cellVirus attaches to the host cell
�� Virus injects genetic materialVirus injects genetic material
�� Viral DNA or RNA control production of viral Viral DNA or RNA control production of viral
protein and DNA or RNAprotein and DNA or RNA
�� Protein and genetic material are assembledProtein and genetic material are assembled
�� Host cell bursts and virus is releasedHost cell bursts and virus is released
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Active VirusesActive Viruses
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Active VirusActive Virus
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How Viruses MultiplyHow Viruses Multiply(Hidden Viruses)(Hidden Viruses)
�� Virus attaches to the host cellVirus attaches to the host cell
�� Virus injects genetic material into host cellVirus injects genetic material into host cell’’ss
�� Viral genetic material becomes part of host Viral genetic material becomes part of host
cellcell’’s genetic materials genetic material
�� New viral protein and genetic material is New viral protein and genetic material is
made and assembledmade and assembled
�� Host cell bursts and virus is releasedHost cell bursts and virus is released
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Hidden VirusesHidden Viruses
�� HerpesHerpes ShinglesShingles