vishleshan international journal of engineering ... · volume 2 issue 3 apr- june 2017 vishleshan...

VOLUME 2 ISSUE 3 APR- JUNE 2017

VISHLESHAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF

ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT

(VIJEM)

(UGC APPROVED AN OPEN ACCESS QUARTLY JOURNAL)

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

SUNITA RAMCHANDANI

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

DR. DEEPAK MOTWANI

PROMOTED BY

VISHLESHAN EDUCATIONAL & SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIETY

(VESWS) BHOPAL

CALL – 0755-4273272 (O)

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Website: www.vijem.com

ISSN (ONLINE):

2455-524X

V

I

J

E

M

Vishleshan International Journal of Engineering and Management

(VIJEM) Volume 2, Issue 3 (Apr.-June, 2017) ISSN (Online): 2455 – 524X

Website: www.vijem.com Ph. (0755) 4273272 E-mail: [email protected]

Patron Prof. (Dr.) Anoop Swarup

Chairman, Global Knowledge Alliance, Melbourne, Australia

Vice Chancellor, Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal

Advisors

Dr. Ashish Dongre

Director Technical Education, Government of M.P.

Chairman, Indian Society of Technical Education, M.P. & C.G.

Formerly Vice Chancellor, RKDF University, Bhopal

Dr. Justin Paul

Associate Professor, University of Puerto Rico

Ex. Prof. Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Indore

Editor-in-Chief

Ms. Sunita Ramchandani

Associate Editor Dr. Deepak Motwani

http://www.vijem.com/




Editorial Board Members

Prof. (Dr.) C. M. Sadiwala

Principal, RKDF CTR, Bhopal

Ex. Prof. Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT),

Bhopal

Prof. (Dr.) Atul Mehrotra

Director, School of Management (SoM)

Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal

Prof. (Dr.) K. B. L. Shrivastava

Principal Vedica Institute of Technology,

Bhopal

Prof. (Dr.) Y. M. Dubey

Principal

Vindhya Institute of Technology &

Science, Jabalpur

Dr. Tarun Kushwaha

Associate Professor Prestige Institute of Management &

Research (PIMR), Indore Ex. Associate Professor, Symbiosis

Institute of Business & Management (SIBM), Pune

Dr. Shilpa Jain

Assistant Professor

Maulana Azad National Institute of

Technology (MANIT), Bhopal

Dr. Pooja Gupta

Assistant Professor School of Management (SoM)


Dr. Geetanjali Nilesh Bendale

Ex. Research Analyst, Nielsen India

Pvt. Ltd., Vikroli

Ex. Lectrurer Yadavrao Tasgaonkar

Institute of Management Studies &

Research, Mumbai

Dr. Shikha Bhargava

Head of the Department - MBA Oriental College of Management,

Bhopal

Dr. Priyanka Nema

Assistant Professor

School of Management (SoM)


Ex. Samsung C&T, Seoul South

Korea





Reviewer Committee Members

Dr. Ravindra Tiwari

Head of Department – MBA Patel Group of Institutions

Bhopal

Ms. Charu Modi

Lecturer, Bangalore International College

Bangalore

Mr. Lokesh Payasi Assistant Professor

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology – MBA

Bhopal

Mr. Bhuvanesh K. Sharma Assistant Professor

Balaji Institute of Modern

Management

Sri Balaji Society, Pune

Mrs. Sakshi Kamdar Lecturer, School of Management

(SoM) Jagran Lakecity University,

Bhopal

Ms. Komal Taneja Assistant Professor,

Jeev Sewa Sansthan Group of

Institutions for Women-

Faculty of Management, Bhopal

Mr. Amitesh Paul

Assistant Professor, RKDF University, Bhopal

Mr. Aditya Gupta

Assistant Professor,

Vedica Institute of Technology,

Bhopal

Mr. S. K. Tiwari

Assistant Professor, RKDF University, Bhopal

Mr. Ranjit Nikose

Assistant Professor,

Bhabha College of Engineering,

Bhopal





Message from Chief Editor’s Desk

Today, with emerging advancements in research & technology, entire world has

got connected through boundary-less networks of knowledge and information.

Vishleshan International Journal of Engineering and Management is an attempt

to document relevant and practical research work in wide range of areas from

various parts of the world in which any specific domain of these areas can be

taken into consideration for research paper. Practical applicability of research

and empirical findings are required to be the most important feature of each

article/research paper to be published in the journal. The basic intent of this

journal is to bring about revolutionary change in achieving professional and

academic excellence through action and applied research approach.

We have tried to carefully put together range of research areas for the first issue

and categorized specific articles/research papers in separate sections. I

acknowledge the involvement of number of people whose contribution made

this publication possible-Author who submitted articles/research papers,

Distinguished Promoters, Managing Editor, Patrons, Advisors, and Members of

Editorial Board, Members of Reviewer Committee.

We hope to be the first choice of top rated research work with high quality

submissions, strategic review and the most invigorated Advisory Board.

Sunita Ramchandani





Message from Associate Editor’s Desk

Welcome to VIJEM, 'Vishleshan International Journal of Engineering &

Management', a quarterly published, thoroughly reviewed scholarly journal.

VIJEM is a comprehensive channel for sharing the ideas & thoughts related to

science & management as it is concerned with the dynamic relations among

international academicians, students and practitioners regarding theories,

methods and applications with new developing perspective in the field of

science & management. We publish the journal in the electronic form over the

Internet. We hope that the journal would be of interest to researchers, engineers

and management practitioners over the world.

Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to cordially thank all the

contributors of VIJEM, members of editorial board, the reviewers, the authors

and mentors of "VIJEM" , who helped to ensure that the goal of creating and

publishing the "VIJEM" journal would be realized.

Dr. Deepak Motwani





CONTENTS

S. No.

Title

Page No.

1 Study of Customers’ Perception for Online Purchase of Footwear

Dr. Pooja S. Kushwaha & Nidhi Jhawar

01-10

2 Customer’s Purchasing Behavior towards Spykar Jeans –A Study of

Indore City

Dr. Ashima Joshi & Dr. Shweta Pandit

11-27

3 Logic Solutions in Digital Marketing: Are the Genius Finds the Way

Prof. Ajay Malpani, Dr. A. K. Singh & Ms. Dipti Malpani

28-31

4 E-governance in India Challenges and Road Ahead

Prof. Suhani Gidwani

32-38

5 Bluetooth Enabled Java Media Player

Samuel Jos

39-55

6 Demonetization and its Impact on E-Wallet Players

Dr. Priyanka Rawal, Dr. Shekhar Upadhyay & Dr. Alka Awasthi

56-66


Vishleshan-International Journal of Engineering and Management

(VIJEM) Volume 2, Issue 3 (Apr.-June, 2017)

ISSN (Online): 2455 - 524X


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Study of Customers’ Perception for Online Purchase of Footwear

Dr. Pooja S. Kushwaha

Assistant Professor

Jaipuria Institute of Management, Indore

Nidhi Jhawar

Assistant Professor

IPS Academy, IBMR, Indore

Abstract

The growing use of Internet in India provides a developing prospect for online shopping. This

study focuses on the factors that are take care before Indian buyers go for online footwear

shopping. The finding of the research shows that information; perceived usefulness, ease of use;

perceived enjoyment and security/privacy are the five dominant factors which influence

consumer perceptions of online purchasing. Consumer behavior is said to be an applied

discipline as some decisions are significantly affected by their behavior or expected actions.

Micro & societal perspectives are somewhere responsible for the behavior a consumer

expresses. Internet has changed the shopper’s way of buying products & has rapidly evolved into

a global phenomenon. In this competitive market companies are now able to achieve the price

cutting strategies as the evolution of internet decreased the cost of promotional activities.

Companies also use the Internet to convey, communicate and disseminate information; to sell the

product, to take feedback and also to conduct satisfaction surveys with customers. Internet is

being used not only for online buying but a source of information a customer obtain, a

comparative price analysis they do before making a final purchase, reviews & feedback too from

the existing customers. The increasing consumer base, principally of youths, is playing a

significant role in the online shopping of footwear.

Keywords: Online purchasing, Consumer behavior, footwear, satisfaction, perceived usefulness





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Introduction

The study on consumer behavior on the online footwear shopping enables us to analyse one’s

buying decision. The emergence of internet created many opportunities for organizations to stay

connected with the customer s in fastest & cheapest way in this competitive market environment.

The attitudinal effect of online shopping by the use of the internet has probable direct research

attentions so far. Electronic commerce has become primary mode of communicating with the

audience as more & more opportunities are available on the internet. Even small & medium

retailers in India entering into the flow of this newer concept of marketing through internet. The

online shopping concept has become popular in India but E-Commerce concept has been

introduced long back in 20th

century. In 1991 online world came into the existence where e-

commerce became the favourable choice in commercial use of internet. In 2002 Indian

interaction with online transaction started with IRCTC Indian Railway. This strategy of Indian

government provided the convenience to the public to book the tickets online. The unpredictable

success of IRCTC had helped to initialize the same concept into Airlines industry also. The large

scale acceptance of E-commerce has given the birth of several platforms for online shopping.

Several portals are flourishing in Indian market like Amazon, Flipkart, Jabong etc.

Early stage of online shopping was just a medium of buying of goods from option available. A

place where customers are buying products & payment is done on delivery of the articles. Now

the trend is changed the online platform is not only for shopping but also the attractive websites

has created it as a customer interaction platform, huge online shopping websites, lots of options

in products & easy buying- return policies. Consequently, in the turbulent e-commerce

environment, Internet companies need to know how to satisfy customers. This will enable them

to sustain their growth and market share (McKinney et al., 2002). Despite of India a developing

country has a remarkable growth in E-commerce industry & having a huge contribution in

development of logistic system. The new flavour into this industry are many choices, easy return

policy in 7 or 30 days, payment security, coupons & discounts increased the customer

inclination towards online shopping. Mobile commerce played a significant role in development

of online shopping platform. As the prices of smart phone decrease; 40 to 50 percent traffic is





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coming from mobile platform due to which almost every company is working upon mobile

application along with their online portals.

Customers must be satisfied with their online shopping experience; otherwise they will not return

(Kim and Stoel, 2004). The challenge in front of companies working with online platform is to

stay competitive & keep updated with new digital opportunities. Companies need to understand

the customer very well so they can present their offering in more efficient manner. Everything is

now available online; it started with the ticket booking & now no limit for the offerings. The

current study focuses on the customer perception towards online buying of the footwear in Indian

market.

Literature Review

For conducting the research on customer perception on online shopping of footwear various

literatures have been studies. There is a lot of study conducted in area of online shopping

&customer engagement& the result of reviews are as under:

Online shopping is in not a physical platform, where customer is only communicating with a

machine (Ekeldo and Sivakumar, 2004). Due to this reason it is intangible in nature & also

makes it difficult to market the offerings on internet (Lindstrom, 2001).

According to Lindstrom, (2001) and was cited by Rajamma, Paswan and Ganesh (2007), It is

more easy process to market the product on the traditional store in comparison to internet

because of the missing feature called touch & feel over internet. There is a remarkable change in

standard of living of the society because of the shopping mall culture (Terblanche, 1999).

The shopping centres not only provide shopping experience but also work as a recreation activity

(Ng, 2003). They also come up with several of ideas like food court, play zone, coffee shops and

cinema halls (Terblanche, 1999).

It has been considered that due to some distinct features of online shopping over traditional way

inculcating consumer to shop online. Features are easy to access, less time consuming,

availability of various shopping platform, easy payment & return policy. According to Magee





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(2003), the number of online shopping portals is greater than the online shoppers. This indicated

the growth prospects of online shopping atmosphere.

Promotional strategy focusing on discounts & offers will impact on buying decision from online,

availability of various online shopping platform gives a comparative analysis to consumer for

getting best from their spending (Wong and Sculli 2005). Consumers are more concern for price

cues, especially when it is online platform. Consumer will save in monetary when there are price

promotions on specific products (Xia and Monroe 2009).

In an online platform price of the product, authenticity of website, friends & society reviews &

known brands are the only criteria to know about the quality because the offering cannot be

touch, feel & try by the shopper (Jiang and Rosenbloom, 2005). Another addition is online trust

in terms of security assurance, website reputation, customization, technology & customer

interaction all attracts customers for the shopping from web portals (Yoon 2002).

High perceived risk restricts the customer to interact on online portals. Due to the risk factor

involve in online shopping; there is a huge difference between online shopping visitors &

purchase outcome (Hunter et al., 2004). But the easy access on internet and continuous research

and development on security issues supports the online shopping, people around the globe

participating by simply sitting in their homes. Easy access to the online shopping portal helping a

lot to individuals who are not able to take out time from their busy schedule to hunt the market

for shopping. Study shows various attributes that facilitate goal-oriented online shopping,

including accessibility/convenience, selection, information availability and lack of unwanted

sociality from retail sales help or shopping partners such as spouses. Consumers stated that in

online shopping sense of freedom is much higher as compare to offline shopping (Mary 2001).

Objectives of the study

To study the customer’s perception towards online footwear shopping.

To study the perception of the customers; a comparison of male and female for footwear

online shopping.





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Hypotheses:

Ho: There is no significant difference between male and female customers with respect to online

shopping of footwear.

Methodology

The Study

The present research will help to portray a detailed picture of consumer preferences towards

purchasing footwear online. The research will help in segmenting consumers based on various

parameters like gender preferences, spending patterns, type of footwear purchased, fashion

consciousness; understanding the concepts of bottom and top of the pyramid. Focus on the new

path to purchase footwear via; online shopping.

The Sample

The total sample size of 52respondents will be drawn from a variety of consumer groups having

diverse demographic backgrounds and societal lifestyles. Primary data collection: In this study,

we will be preparing a questionnaire to fill in the responses of the customers to understand their

buying behavior for footwear purchases. Secondary data collection comprises of articles,

journals, research papers, news clippings and books to support our study. For this study, the data

tool which will be used is 'T-Test’. The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups

are statistically different from each other. This analysis is appropriate whenever you want to

compare the means of two groups. In this study, the two variables are: female and male

respondents.

Results and analysis

To study the perception of the customers; a comparison of male and female shopping behaviors.





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The Cronbach’s Alpha value for current data is 0.825 of all 8 questions which revealed that our

scale is reliable and this data can be further used for detailed analysis. It also analyzed that the

correlation matrix and found that almost all the items are highly correlated to each other.

To study the perception of the customers; a comparison of male and female shopping behaviors.

“There is no significant difference between male and female customers with respect to online

shopping of footwear.”

Interpretation

The above table is highlighting t-value 0.318 with the degree of freedom at 2/52 is not significant

at 5% level. That means the null hypotheses, namely, “There is no significant difference between

male and female customers with respect to online shopping of footwear” is not rejected.





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Since, P-value 0.413 is greater than 0.05, therefore hypotheses is not rejected.

Further we can say that Male and Female both have same perception level with respect to online

shopping of footwear.The mean score of male and female are 32.92 and 32.42 respectively

indicating that both the categories are agreed that the customer perception for online footwear

shopping based on gender.

Conclusion

As discussed above and even in literature it is clear that online shopping require strong security

feature and discounts are the another factors to attract customer for online shopping. The study

can be useful for the associates in the manner that would bring about positive change in the

customers perception while shopping online for footwear. Although this research was carefully

prepared, still there is a scope for further development in this area. The scope of the study is to

find the customer perception regarding online shopping of footwear & the study is limited to the





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finding of customer perception; a male and female comparative study conducted in Indore,

Madhya Pradesh.

References

Ekeldo and Sivakumar, (2004), “International market entry mode strategies of

manufacturing firms and service firms: A resource-based perspective”, International

Marketing Review, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 68-101.

Hausman, A.V & Siekpe, (2009), “The effect of web interface features on consumer

online purchase intentions”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, pp. 5-13.

Hunter, L. M., Kasouf, C. J., Celuch, K. G., & Curry,(2004), “A classification of

business-to-business buying decisions: Risk importance and probability as a framework

for e-business benefits”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.33 No.2, pp. 145-154.

Jiang, P., & Rosenbloom, (2005), “Customer intention to return online: price perception,

attribute-level performance, and satisfaction unfolding over time”, European Journal of

Marketing, Vol.39 No.1, pp. 150-174.

Kim, S. and Stoel, (2004), “Apparel retailers: website quality dimensions and

satisfaction”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 109-17.

Lan Xia, Kent B. Monroe, (2009), "The influence of pre‐purchase goals on consumers'

perceptions of price promotions", International Journal of Retail & Distribution

Management, Vol. 37 No. 8, pp.680-694.

Lee, C.H. Eze, U.C. Ndubisi, (2010), “Analyzing key determinants of online repurchase

intentions”, Aisa Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistic, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 200-221.

Lindstrom, (2001) “Marketing techniques.”

https://www.researchgate.net/journal/0265-1335_International_Marketing_Review



http://www.emeraldinsight.com/author/Xia%2C+Lan

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/author/Monroe%2C+Kent+B





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McKinney, V., Kanghyun, Y. and Zahedi, F.M. (2002), “The measurement of web-

customer satisfaction: an expectation and disconfirmation approach”, Information System

Research, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 296-315.

Ng, (2003), “Satisfying shoppers’ psychological needs: From public market to cyber-

mall”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 23, pp. 439–455.

Rajamma, Paswan and Ganesh, (2007), “Services purchased at brick and mortar versus

online stores, and shopping motivation”, Journal of Services Marketing , Vol. 21 No. 3,

pp. 200-212.

Reichheld, F.F. and Schefter, (2000), “E-loyalty: your secret weapon on the web”,

Harvard Business Review, Vol. 78 No. 4, pp. 105-13.

Sung-Joon Yoon (2002), “The antecedents and consequences of trust in online-purchase

decisions”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol.16 No.2, pp. 47-63.

Terblanche, (1999), “The perceived benefits derived from visits to a super regional

shopping center: An exploratory study”, South Africa Journal of Business Management,

Vol.30 No.4, pp. 141–146.

W.C.M., Wong, T.N.D & Sculli, (2005), “Factors affecting intentions to purchase via the

internet”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol.105 No.9, pp. 1225-1244.

https://www.researchgate.net/journal/0887-6045_Journal_of_Services_Marketing





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Customer’s Purchasing Behaviour towards Spykar Jeans –A Study of Indore City

Dr. Ashima Joshi

Faculty, Institute of Management

Dewas, Madhya Pradesh

Dr. Shweta Pandit

Faculty, Institute of Management

Dewas, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

In the Asian subcontinent, maximum share of demand of denim is dominated by most populated

countries India and China. Westernization is the key feature of their contemporary civilization

and the inclusion of denim in routine is increasing day by day. Hence the demand for denim will

automatically increase in near future. We may say that denim market will be on boom in next few

decades. Asian consumers are having a tendency to wear designer branded label jeans along

with reasonable prize. Hence in last few decades in Indian market acceptance of denim has

reached at a very high level. The dominance for denim started from the metros of the India and

now it has become a need of every one’s life. Durability, affordability, versatility and acceptance

by both male and female as a comfortable dressing makes denim most popular.

Keywords: Brand Image, Consumer Purchasing Behaviour, Product Range.

Introduction

Jeans are trousers/pants, a sort of piece of clothing, commonly produced using denim or

dungaree material. Regularly the expression "jeans" alludes to a specific style of jeans of

particular company.

Overall Market for Jeans

North America represents 39% of worldwide buys for jeans, trailed by Western Europe at 20%,

Japan and Korea at 10% and whatever remains of the world at 31%.Joined States buyers spent





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more than US$14 billion on jeans in 2004 and US$15 billion in 2005.US purchasers purchased

US$13.8 billion of men's and ladies' jeans in the year that finished 30 April 2011, as indicated by

statistical surveying firm NPD Group.

The requisite of denim jeans from the Asia-Pacific district is commanded by nations like India

and China. The western style of dressing has affected the dressing style in these nations and is

relied upon to keep impacting bringing about expanded development of denim wear in these

nations for the coming years. The most favored brands of the white collar class group in the

Asian nations are required to be the top of the line creator marks alongside mid-valued settled

universal brands. The retail business in India has been seeing solid positive development for as

long as couple of years. The Indian retail industry is exceedingly disorderly; in any case, it is

moving towards association at a quick pace.

The denim jeans market is a piece of the retail business of India in the array and embellishments

portion, and is accordingly picking up development as a consequence of improvements in the

retail business. The explanation for the prevalence of jeans is its adaptability worn both by male

and female.

The acknowledgment of denim in India has become hugely throughout the years. While metros

have been the key driver of development in the underlying stage for most denim wear marks in

the nation, the biggest development is presently anticipated that would originate from an all the

more profound entrance of denim in India. The denim showcase in India was pegged at USD 1.2

billion in 2011 and anticipated to develop at the CAGR of 15-18% and has the capability of

practically multiplying its size by 2015. As far as volumes the denim market is assessed at ~ 300

million of jeans which are anticipated to develop to 550 – 600 Million sets by 2015.

The Denim story in India began as the adolescent story, which observed denim wear to be

elegant, agreeable to wear to most events and gave the vital style remainder. 73% of India's

populace is youthful with a middle age of 26. Indeed, even following 10 years, the middle age

will just get to 29 years. The objective populace of Denim wear has been 14 to 39 years, which





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will be most of the populace in the following 10 years. This is one of the essential reasons why

most brands today, have a sensibly expansive part of Denim in their offering to the customer.

The present denim market is to a great extent skewed towards men's portion which can be taken

as around 80% of the aggregate market. While the young ladies have dependent on wearing

denim, a huge part of ladies still favor wearing Indian wear like salwar suits at work and at

relaxation. Indeed, even with the above limitations, the ladies' jeans showcase has been

developing quickly. The ladies' wear market is anticipated to become speedier here onwards and

will possibly represent about progressively that 25% of the aggregate market by 2015. On the

city savvy blend, presently the bigger urban communities and the metro's as one contribute about

57% of the aggregate market.

Denim Jeans has seen a developing fame as an easygoing/recreation wear in all huge urban

communities in India. The essential explanation behind the underlying development in the

metros and extensive urban areas was accessibility. Most brands began retailing from the

extensive urban areas and metros.

Brands have possessed the capacity to make the high yearning of denim wear among youth to

buy premium brands. Expanding dispensable earnings additionally prompted to development in

the jeans business. An extensive part of the development of denim clothing might be driven by

more profound infiltration in the littler urban communities with expanding acknowledgment of

denim inside India. On looking at the present populace spread and contrast it and the

commitment in the denim wear advertise, it turns out to be exceptionally clear on the biggest

market estimate amongst Metros and Mini metros. The present market size of denim wear in

India is to a great extent skewed towards the Metros and smaller than normal metros. Metros and

scaled down metros with around 7% of populace add to around half of the piece of the pie in

denim wear. The level 2 and level 3 urban areas - which once more, constitute around 8% of the

populace, contribute just a 16% of the piece of the pie in denim wear.





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About the Brand Spykar

The Spykar is holding a prominent position in top 10 brands of jeans in Indain market. The

Spykar story began path in 1992, when Mr. Prasad Pabrekar drove by desire wandered into form

attire and assistants to make utilization of his incomprehensible collection of specialized learning

in preparing of denim garments. He began the organization with the firm conviction that the best

venture for the Co. was Human Capital, beginning with an only a modest bunch, and gradually

developed an organization with more than 300 partners. He gave them the most ideal framework

to work inside, bringing about a solid and committed team. The organization depends on strict

code of morals which is clear in its managing every one of its accomplices; to be specific

representatives, exchange partners, merchants and the like. Its highlight on the nature of its items

has been faithful ideal from its origin. It has dependably strived to deliver an item, having a

worldwide interest. Denims are the center of the company`s business. This has been encouraged

by the company`s in-house handling unit and gives the organization the focused edge in reliably

delivering denims of global quality. To persistently develop, and to bring new styles, slices and

texture to the market, the organization has a group of youthful and devoted architects and

merchandisers, who are to a great degree mindful of the most recent patterns in the worldwide

market. The organization tests an incredible arrangement on new styles and frill, making them

stylish and open to the Indian purchaser. Since Spykar outlines particularly for Indian gatherings

of people, it has the best fits and plans in its collection.

In India SPYKAR items are accessible at more than 450 MBOs the nation over, aside from the

extensive arrangement stores like Shopper's Stop, Globus, Lifestyle, Pantaloons, Pyramids, and

so on and at the Exclusive Spykar Jeans outlets at Ahmedabad, Ghazi terrible, Hyderabad,

Indore, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nasik, New Delhi and Pune. Spykar Jeans right now has 52

Exclusive Brand Outlets and arrangements to expand that number to 150 before the end of 2008.

To stamp its raid in the global field, Spykar Jeans has likewise opened its first select outlets at

Glades Mall, London.





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The brand has constantly centered around the youth and their desires and developed the item

portfolio as needs be. All its advertising endeavors are focused at making the brand important at

all circumstances to this perceiving group of onlookers.

Review of Literature

Krishna C. V (2011) focused his attention on Private Label Brands in Apparel Retail and

examine how can brand image, sales promotion offers, design and store milieu affecting

consumer preferences for private level brands. In Indian scenario the result conclude that

occupation of the consumer and social class of the consumer has no significant affect effect on

the consumer purchasing preference in choosing private label brands.

K. Balanaga Gurunathanand M. Krishnakumar (2013) studied the apparel purchasing behaviour.

Study was focused on Indian consumers and carried out through five dimensions viz. consumer

characteristics, reference groups, store attributes, promotion and product attributes. Result uggest

that features of store, promotional campaign and reference groups are the important dimensions

of apparel purchasing behaviour.

Syed Irfan Shafi & C. Madhavaiah (2014), by this experimental study suggest that in fast

growing apparel industry, understanding of consumer psyche is key to success. Study also tried

to express the relationship between demographic variables and consumer purchasing behaviour.

Promotional programs can play an important role to attract consumes.

Research Objectives

To determine the factors affecting customer’s choice during the purchase.

To determine the impact of demographic variables on consumer’s purchasing decisions.

To determine factors affecting customers’ purchasing decisions.

To obtain the results of above objectives considered influential factors which are role model,

peer group, self decision, advertising and celebrity endorsement.





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Hypothesises

To know about how the influential factors can affect the customers belonging to different gender,

age group, occupation, education and income group a demographic analysis will be performed

with following hypothesises:

H01: There is no significant difference in the mean rank of influencing factors and gender

H02: There is no significant difference in the mean rank of influencing factors and age.

H03: There is no significant difference in the mean rank of influencing factors and occupation

H04: There is no significant difference in the mean rank of influencing factors and education

H05: There is no significant difference in the mean rank of influencing factors and income.

Research Methodology

Research design: The present study is descriptive research based on Survey Method.

Research Plan: Disruptive Analysis, Factor Analysis, Demographic analysis

Purpose of the Research: Research was carried out to gather the opinion of the people

to evaluate and investigate the effect of demographic variables on consumer’s purchasing

decisions and to identify the factors that influence the customers’ purchasing decision.

Time Frame: Three Months.

Data Type Used: For the study primary data was used.

Data Collection Method: Data was collected through self designed Close-ended

Structured Questionnaire.

Sampling Plan

o Population: The respondents are customers who are wearing Spykar Jeans and

residing in Indore city.

o Sampling Method: Convenient Judgemental Sampling.

o Size of Sample: The sample size was of 200 for the study.

Tools Used for Data Analysis

o Factor Analysis

o Mann Whitney U Test and





17 | P a g e

o Kruskal Wallis Test.

Rationale of the Study

The study creates a purchasing profile of customers.

Results can help decision makers to determine the influential factors. Also it can help to

access the expectation of the customer.

It helps the retailers/manufacturer/company to serve better.

The study will help to identify the factors that influence the customer purchasing

decision.

Limitations of the study

The people will hesitant to respond to the questionnaire.

Limited time and resource also affect study

Study limiting to Indore city only.

Only the opinions of the users of branded jeans were taken in to consideration.

There is big market of local jeans which was excluded in this study.





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Consumer Purchasing Behaviour

Psychological Factors / Accepted Facts

Self Usage

Self Decision

Demand of Time

Profession

Financial Factors

Affordable

Durable

Easy to Maintain

Product Range

Physical Factor

Design

Size

Colour

Comfort

Style

Product Range

Brand Consciousness

Brand Image

Status

Quality

Comfort

Style

Brand Image

Quality

Influential Factors

Advertisement

Celebrity Endorsement

Lucrative Offers

Desire to Purchase

Advisory

Group

Family

Friend

Peer

Superiors

Social Group

Variables Affecting Buyer’s Purchasing Decision

Chart 1





19 | P a g e

Data Analysis

Descriptive

o The study shows that major rivals in branded Jeans are Spykar’, Pepe Jeans London,

Lee, Levis, Wrangler. As per the results of present study it is observed that 95%

market is captured renowned brands where as only 5% deal with other brand.

o The analysis indicates that the Brand having major influence over the purchasing

decision. Then quality, followed by style, design & comfort, prize of the jeans is also

considered during final decision, but at last.

o Table 1 and charts 1 & 2 present statistics about the research.

Table 1

Purchasing Profile Influential Factors' Profile

Brand No. of Buyer Influential

Factors

No. of

Respondents

Ranking of

the Factor

Spykar' Jeans 50 Brand 70 I

Pepe Jeans London 42 Quality 35 II

Lee Jeans 37 Style 33 III

Spyker 32 Design 28 IV

Wrangler 30 Comfort 14 V

Other Brand 09 Prize 20 VI

Total 200 Total 200





20 | P a g e

Chart 2

Chart 3

25%

21%

18%

16%

15%

5%

Buying Profile Shwing No. of Buyer

Levis' Jeans

Pepe Jeans London

Lee Jeans

Spyker

Wrangler

Other Brand

35%

17%17%

14%

7%10%

Influential Factors' Profile

Brand

Quality

Style

Design

Comfort

Prize





21 | P a g e

Factor Analysis

o Present research were initiated with 17 variables with respect to Spykar jeans which

might having direct or indirect impact over the decision makers The factor analysis

was carried to identify the factors (Cluster of attributes) that influence the customers’

purchasing decisions. During the data analysis following results was obtained:

o The KMO value of 0.821 suggests that we are able to perform the test of factorization

with the significant value of Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity is 0.000 which is <0.001.

The degree of freedom is 14.

o During the process of factorization 2 variables were observed approximately neutral.

15 variables were correlated and form factors.

o There were four factors extracted by using the method of principle component

analysis and rotation method of Varimax with Kaiser Normalization with criteria

Eigen value more than one. i.e all the 15 attributes fall under four factors.

o Chart 4 gives idea about the extracted factors and attributes considered under these

factors.





22 | P a g e

Chart 4

o The factor analysis yielded four interpretable factors shown in chart 4.

o The analysis accounted for 82.103 percent of variance. The first factor accounted for

39.123 percent of variance, followed by the second factor accounting for 25.234

Factors Affecting Buyers’ Decision

Factor: 1 Pre & Post Purchase

Satisfaction

Factor: 2 Availability &

Reliability

Factor: 3 Self Opinion

Factor: 4 Influence

Attentive Staff

Enjoy Shopping

Value for Money

Style Statement

Product Range

Trustworthy Brand

Quality

Role Model

Self Conscience

Advertisement

Peer Group

Need Satisfaction

Ambience

Durable

Reachable Store





23 | P a g e

percent of variance, the third factor accounted for 11.325 percent of variance and the

fourth factor accounted for 6.421 percent of variance.

1. Demographic Analysis

This analysis was carried out between demographic variables and influential factors using

followings two test:

Mann Whitney U Test

Kruskal Wallis Test

Chart 5

Chart 6

Demographic Variables

Gender Age Occupation Education Income

Influential Factors

Role Model Peer Group Self decision AdvertisementCelebrity

Endorsement





24 | P a g e

Test Statistics

Table 2

Test

Applied

Degree of

Freedom

Influenci

ng

Factors

Statisti

cal

Values

Role

Model

Peer

group

Self

decision

Advertisi

ng

Celebrity

Endorse

ment

Demogra

phic

Variable

Mann-

Whitney

U

1 Gender

Test

Value 4599.3 3839 2487 3624.7 3919

P Value 0.48 0.245 0 0.196 0.346

Null

Hypoth

esis

Accepted Accepted Not

Accepted

Accepted Accepted

Kruskal

Wallis

Test

3

Age

Test

Value 5.865 1.028 27.167 4.491 9.604

P Value 0.049 0.795 0 0.213 0.009

Null

Hypoth

esis

Not

Accepted

Accepted Not

Accepted

Accepted Not

Accepted

Occupatio

n

Test

Value 21.769 9.668 12.677 0.857 4.876

P Value 0 0.022 0.005 0.864 0.112





25 | P a g e

Null

Hypoth

esis

Not

Accepted

Not

Accepted

Not

Accepted

Accepted Accepted

Education

Test

Value 13.285 53.428 8.158 29.677 61.174

P Value 0.004 0 0.043 0 0

Null

Hypoth

esis

Not

Accepted

Not

Accepted

Not

Accepted

Not

Accepted

Not

Accepted

Income

Test

Value 1.987 7.836 1.375 8.839 2.875

P Value 0.847 0.04 0.778 0.032 0.28

Null

Hypoth

esis

Accepted Not

Accepted

Accepted Not

Accepted

Accepted

Interpretation

There is significant difference between the mean rank of self decision and gender.

Whereas, there is no significance difference between the mean rank of role model,

peer group, advertising and celebrity endorsement and gender.

There is significant difference in the mean rank of age and role model, self decision

and celebrity endorsement. Whereas peer group and advertising has no significant

difference in the mean rank of age.

There is significant difference in the mean rank of occupation and role model, peer

group and self decision. Whereas advertising and celebrity endorsement has no

significant difference in the mean rank of occupation.





26 | P a g e

There is significance difference in the mean rank of education and factors role model,

peer group, self decision and advertisement. Whereas, there is no significance

difference in the mean rank of education and celebrity endorsement. .

There is significant difference in the mean rank of income and peer group and

advertising. Whereas, there is no significance difference in the mean rank of income

and role model, self decision and celebrity endorsement.

Conclusions

The analysis of the data reveals that Spykar Jeans comes very often to mind of customers first. A

large percentage of the respondents opt Spykar as their first choice and the most important factor

that affects the customer’s is brand while making their purchases where as prize is least

considered when we are talking about the buyers of branded jeans. It indicates people are ready

to pay premium prize for the fulfilment of their dressing desires. For the purpose of factorization,

factor analysis was carried out after getting the KMO value of 0.821. There wer four factors

extracted that influence the customer’s purchasing decisions. The most important factor that

influences the customer purchase decision while purchasing Spykar’ Jean is pre and post

purchase satisfaction. Here the user gains value for their money. The study was not limiting to

obtained influential factors only. Factor identification was followed by study of evaluating how

does the influential factors affect person belongs to various demography. The findings suggest

that there is there is significant difference in the mean rank of age and role model, self decision

and celebrity endorsement, it also states that there is significant difference in the mean rank of

occupation and role model, peer group and self decision. Whereas, it can be further concluded

that there is significant difference in the mean rank of income and peer group and advertising.

The analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in the mean rank of education and

role model, peer group, self decision and advertising. The analysis also reveals that there is

significant difference between the mean rank of self decision and gender.





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References

Balanagagurunathan K. & Krishnakumar M. (2013) – “Factors Influencing Apparel

Purchasing Behaviour in India: A Measurement Model, Paripex - Indian Journal of Research

Volume 2, Issue: 3.

Cooper, Donald R; Schindler, Pamela S (2004) – “Business Research Method”, Tata

McGraw-Hill Edition.

G.C. Beri – “Statistics for Management”, Tata Mc. Graw Hill.

Krishna, C. V. (2011) – “Determinants of Consumer Purchasing Behaviour: An Empirical

Study of Private Label Brands in Apparel Retail”, Vilakshan: The Ximb Journal of

Management, Volumn 8, Issue: 2, pp. 43- 56.

Osmud Rahman (2011) – “Understanding Consumer’s Perceptions and Behaviors:

Implications for Denim Jeans Design”. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and

Management, Volume 7, Issue 1.

Sheridan L Coakes, Lyndall Steed, Peta Dzidic - “SPSS Version 13.0 for Windows – Analysis

without Anguish”. Published by John Wiley & Sons Austrialia, Ltd. Edition 2007.

Susan Auty & Richard Elliott (1992) – “Fashion Involvement, Self Monitoring and The

Meaning of Brands”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 7, Issue: 2, pp. 109-123.

Syed Irfan Shafi & C. Madhavaiah (2014) – “An Investigation on Shoppers' Purchasing

Behaviour Towards Apparel Products in Bangalore City”. Pacific Business Review

International Volume 6, Issue: 8, pp. 63-68.

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=857655

http://m.financialexpress.com/news/indian-denim-industry-it--s-all-in-the-jeans/1249449.

Accessed on 2-07-2014.

www.wikipedia.com





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Logic Solutions in Digital Marketing: Are the Genius Finds the Way

Prof. Ajay Malpani

Faculty, Prestige Institute of Management and Research

Indore, Madhya Pradesh

Dr. A. K. Singh

Director, Management Department

Medi-Caps University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh

Ms. Dipti Malpani

Manager HR, 1Point1 Solutions Pvt. Ltd

Indore, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

The case focused on the issues and challenges faced and strategies adopted by an stand alone

entrepreneur who had set up in Indore region of M.P. but had clientele mainly from Mumbai.

The case highlighted the functionality of a local digital marketing based firm in light of process,

strategy and market factors along with the option with respect to expansion and growth. The

case was very well structured in a manner so as to enable students to understand the challenges

faced by small scale entrepreneurs in a highly competitive and globalised environment. The

name of the company and their officials was disguised.

Keywords: digital marketing, social media, solutions, challenges, content marketing etc.

Main Body

“Maturity comes when you start publishing every detail of your life on social media”

So says Group LS’s CEO Mr. Ajay Kumar in a freewheeling conversation, when he spoke about

global and local trends and challenges in digital marketing*.

“It's a very difficult time understanding the changes the way company looking to go for

marketing. You always have the advantage of having a global view of the situation. With the

growth in digital, with the advent of new tool such as the Google Adwords etc., companies are





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easily carving out virtual space to respond to customers promptly. Those businesses that define

themselves in the business of content distribution will have a bright future ahead; those who

focus on the method of distribution, i.e., newsprint will not do well.”

Digital delivery doesn’t just enhance the way the content is presented; it also enhances your

ability to target your advertising messages. We’ve always known that one of the key variables in

determining the effectiveness of the message is the relevance of the message.

Digital marketing offers the invaluable opportunity to assess which elements of your strategy are

working - or bombing - in real time. Simple new digital marketing techniques give every

company - be it a four person startup or a multinational corporation - the chance to make an

impact online.

Logic Solutions is a new start up in the field of providing solutions to business problems through

the use of digital marketing. The CEO of the company was Mr. Ajay Kumar. He was a

mechanical engineer and had a flare of teaching. He taught for around 6 years and all of a sudden

he felt a strong zeal to enter into the marketing domain. Then he served few companies and

finally he landed up with his own venture Logic Solutions in the year April 2012 in Mumbai city

of Maharashtra state. Mr. Kumar had invested approx. INR 3 lacs to start his venture. In its

structure, the company was having 4 divisions to work viz. Social Media, Customer Relationship

Management, Content Development and Designing where they have 18 employees working on

full time basis. The company was mainly working on a B2B model. Initially the company was

providing marketing solutions to the businesses that were looking for branding their products.

First year revenue of the company was around INR 5 lacs, then in the second year of its

establishment, they have increased their revenue up to INR 25 lacs. At the end of year 2015, they

were able to reach up to INR 80 lacs.





30 | P a g e

The company used social media as digital marketing tool especially Facebook, Twitter, Pintrest,

Linkedin etc., Google Adwords, Search Engine Marketing tool, Content Marketing**, Google

Display Network, Mobile Marketing etc. to provide digital services to their customers.

The main market for the company was local companies based in Mumbai city. Initially the

company tried to catch the local businesses mainly from Hotels, Restaurants and Educational

Institutes. Gradually they had spread their wings at national and international level. Till the time

they had worked with 123 businesses and had 240 completed projects in their account. The main

working methodology of the company to reach to their customers who are mainly the business

companies is through referencing. They don’t believe in catching the customers rather they think

that the customers will come to them automatically.

The target customers for the company were the ones who wanted to increase their business using

digital marketing. The company thought that the business persons who were looking for a perfect

solution to increase their business didn’t have awareness about digital / content marketing. They

came to them just to increase their revenue. But the other fold of the story was increasing

customer engagement. Through the use of social media and other digital marketing tool, the big

companies were looking for branding as an alternative to traditional marketing and reading the

pulse of customers by continuous engagement. Logic Solutions charged INR 25,000 to 1,00,000

as service charge to promote and run digital campaign depending upon the requirement of the

client. The main competitors for the company were the local companies based at Mumbai city.

The average salary paid by Logic Solutions to their employees (more like a team) was INR

20,000. The company had also offered internship programs for UG and PG students where in the

students were paid monthly stipend. The company wasn’t believe in investing money on

marketing themselves so they were not having any marketing budget to promote themselves.

Q1. What should be the best marketing strategy of company?

Q2. What are the challenges in the field of digital marketing ?

Q3. Analyse the case and do SWOT ?





31 | P a g e

Teaching Notes:

* The promotion of products or brands via one or more forms of electronic media.

**Content marketing is essentially storytelling for your brand. “Content” can be virtually

anything with a clear message: a series of attention-grabbing images, videos, blog posts, or news

items. Content marketing differs from traditional marketing tools in its resistance to overt calls-

to-action or purely product- or service-based ads, and smart consumers have developed a nose

for sussing out (figure out) quality content from gussied-up (to decorate) advertising.

*** Google Adwords is an advertising service by Google for businesses wanting to display ads

on Google and its advertising network. The AdWords program enables businesses to set a

budget for advertising and only pay when people click the ads. The ad service is largely focused

on keywords.

The Solution: The main problem of the company was its marketing strategy. The company

person thought that word of mouth publicity was the only and the best way to catch the

customers. It was rather better than using other tools of marketing. On the other side the

company was having a budget of INR 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 yearly to spend on workshops

conducted to spread awareness about the power of digital marketing.

The fact:

86% of B2B companies say they are doing content marketing.

Just 38% say it is effective.

21% are able to track a ROI.

Active mobile social media penetration in India is only 9%

Source: Content Marketing Institute 2015.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/promotion.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/brand.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/via.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/form.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/electronic-media.html





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E-governance in India Challenges and Road Ahead

Prof. Suhani Gidwani

PGDM, MA (ECO)

Jhulelal Institute of Technology

Abstract

E governance is the application for delivering government services in electronic form to the

citizens. Through E governance Government services will be made available to the citizens in a

convenient efficient and transparent manner. E governance facilitates interaction between

citizen’s government and business groups. Generally four basic e-Governance models are

available Government to Business Government to citizen Government to Government and

government to employees. E-Governance is the application of IT in public governance. E

governance enables to achieve a corruption free government. In India the term e government

came into existence in 1990 with the advent of government websites. Since then it has

significantly improves the delivery of government services in India.

It is not limited to the public sector only but also includes the management and administration

of policies and procedures in private sector as well. The use of internet not only delivers the

services faster but also brings more transparency between the government and the citizens. The

paper focuses on challenges faced by developing country like India where majority of the

population is illiterate the difficulties faced by the government to implement e governance.

Introduction

E Governance involves use of ICT especially internet to improve delivery of government

services in public administration. But we cannot ignore the challenges faced as in country like

India where economic literacy is low it is difficult for government to provide such services to

citizens living below the poverty line with low literacy via internet. This leads to advent to new

problems. Even the e readiness rant of India is very low. E readiness is defines as the ability to

develop ones economy and welfare. According to the Global Information Technology report

2012, The e readiness rank of India is 69 which means the use of ICT in India is very low.





33 | P a g e

Challenges for e-governance in India

Large number of challenges emerges while implementing the e-governance in India. These can

be broadly divided into

Economical Challenges

Physical Challenges

Sociological Challenges

Psychological Challenges

Technological Challenges

Economical Challenges

o In a developing country like India cost is one of the most important consideration

while implementation of government policies because majority of the population is

living below the poverty line. Problem like tax evasions also add to insufficient

funds left with the government for implementation of e governance even corrupt

politicians add to the menace. Also these costs must be low enough so as to

guarantee a good cost benefit ratio.

o The GDP is one of the measure to national income and a county’s economy GDP is

defined as the total market value of all goods and services produced within the

country is the major measure if its financial health. India has limited financial

resources so as to implement and maintain the e government projects properly.

Physical Challenges

The application of e governance aims to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the

government in delivery of services but due to lack of sufficient infrastructure facilities

irregular power supply lack of information and technology services are still not accessible to

a large part of the country which restricts the implementation of e governance.





34 | P a g e

Sociological challenges

o Users of e governance websites are often non-expert users who may not be able to use

the application in a right manner. Such users need guidance to find the right way to

perform their transactions. Therefore government websites must be user friendly so as

more and more citizen’s employees and business can all have their biases with respect

to how transactions should be processed. Government entities and public policy

administrators cannot ignore the fact that the majority of Indian population is still

illiterate.

o The applications of e governance are made in English which still is difficult to

understand by many citizens. The user friendliness of such applications is also a

major challenge.

Psychological Challenges

o In India people are afraid of using the latest technology for implementation of

government services

o Most of the citizens are not aware of accessibility of these services online and the

government also does not make suitable and sufficient measures to make them aware.

o Citizens also lack trust while sharing their information online.

o Government needs to overcome these psychological challenges while implementing.

Technological Challenges

o As the information technology changes very fast the hardware and software

component of IT needs to be updated with the current pace it becomes difficult for the

government to update the existing systems very fast. Regulations of different devices

and their different characteristics may vary and the system in use must be capable to

handle the emerging needs. Maintenance is a key factor for long living systems in a o

o Technology becomes obsolete very fast it is not possible for the government to

change the existing server and systems every year. So it is better and safer to go for





35 | P a g e

servers that are long lasting and facilitate updating rather than going for new and

cheap ones.

o Interoperability is the ability of systems and organizations of different qualities to

work together. The e governance applications must have this characteristic so that the

newly developed and existing applications can be implemented together.

o Multimodal interaction provided the user with multiple modes of interfacing with a

system. An e-Government application can be really effective if its users can access it

using different devices.

o A critical obstacle in implementing e-governance is the privacy and security of an

individual’s personal data that the user provides top the government services. With

the implementation of e government some effective measures must be taken to protect

the sensitive personal information. Lack of security can limit the success of e

government policies.

Scope of E governance

For infants

o Acquiring birth certificate

o Health care and maternity

For students

o E admissions

o Scholarships

o E learning

o Examinations and publishing results

For youth

o Employment services

o Online exams

o Passport seva

o Vehicle registrations





36 | P a g e

o Driving license and identity cards

Family and old age

o Pensions and Insurance

o Healthcare and

o Death certificate

For farmers

o Agri-loan

o Access to e schemes

o Access to e markets e-panchayats

o Land records registrations and municipality services

Benefits of e-governance

Benefits of e governance

Cost effective

Speed

efficieny

convinience

citizen interest

transparency

easily accesible





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Acceptability of e governance with different age groups of citizens (a sample of 100

citizens)

Effectiveness of e governance in various sectors

15%

30%

40%

15%

Percentage

above 60

40-60

20-40

below 20

46%

27%

18%

9%

percentage

Railways

Education

healthcare

government

schemes





38 | P a g e

E governance- A road Ahead

Despite various challenges e governance is getting quite popular and successful in India because

of continuous government efforts for parity and quality in delivering government services. It has

eased the accessibility of government services in all corners of India and Abroad and due to

sufficient IT infrastructure support in India it is proving to be a boon for Indian Citizens they can

access various government services sitting at their home and also it has sufficiently curbed the

problem of corruption. I have proved to be a boon for India and is overcoming all technological

social economical and psychological challenges to become one of the best move for the county

for fast delivery of government services and helps to take India Ahead in the race of becoming a

developed nation.

References

https://www.slideshare.net/Ankurpatel94/e-governance-5139521

http://egovstandards.gov.in/sites/default/files/IJARCET-VOL-2-ISSUE-3-1196-

1199_1.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/VivekKumar939/e-governance-electronic-governance-

digital-governance-digital-connection-smart-government





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Bluetooth Enabled Java Media Player

Samuel Jos

Atlantic International University

America

Abstract

Through this thesis I will be analyzing how a media player can be created using JAVA. Today

we have infinite number of media players around us, and these are available in different forms

like freeware, shareware, licensed etc. However when we look at the code which they have

developed none of these media players have used JAVA. Through my thesis I intend to develop

a media player using the programming language JAVA and also will be analyzing the efficiency

of it by adding an extra feature of controlling the layer using a Bluetooth device paired to it.

For the thesis I will be designing a media player from scratch using programming language

JAVA. To make it more efficient data structures like two dimensional arrays or stacks will be

used. The computational thinking will also be involved as the media player has to be coded

using a high – level programming language. For coding the

Netbeans IDE will be used as it has more user friendly graphical interface than any other IDEs.

Use of JFrames and the screens will allow for an efficient media player.

Introduction

Through the thesis the main questions which I will be tackling are follows

Can features of JAVA be effectively used for creation of an effective media player?

Adding an extra feature of controlling the media player with any Bluetooth device

will it help the users to prefer this over any other common media players used?

How effective will it be if recursive algorithms can be used in the design of media

player?

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) language JAVA has many features associated with it. The

class of media player gives control options like play, stop search etc. Extra features which the





40 | P a g e

class can provide are the volume options. These features come as inbuilt in the processor. Even

in the volume control more advanced feature of filtering and other options are also available in

the class of audio equaliser. Properties to check the current status, runtime etc are available in

the class.

The media player operation is an asynchronous operation. The player should not take any

immediate action until the response status has been changed. To include all these features

JAVA is the best programming language because it has the class for the media player. It’s just

the coding process for these abstract classes left. Also it is platform independent, which makes

the media player more effective as it can be run across various platforms without any difficulty.

The same set can be shared with multiple views; the change in one will not affect the play back

of the player.

In today’s era we are mostly dependent on wireless networks. When it comes to a personal data

sharing people prefer private networks like Bluetooth. This makes the transmission more secure

and private. For transfer to happen the devices has to be paired. For pairing both the sender and

receiver has to come to terms with each other. This gives the network more security. This is one

feature which made me think why not to add the extra feature of controlling the media player

via Bluetooth. Will people prefer this media player more if the extra feature of Bluetooth

control is added?

To add this feature and to get it installed many Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) can

be used. In this case Java Media Framework can be used. This helps in installing the features of

the Bluetooth to the devices. The framework selected will cover a variety of applications. It also

covers the requirements of the programmer at various levels. Many media sources can be

represented using the frameworks. Once the media store is used it cannot be used again with

any other stress or forms, which makes it more authentic and also more in demand. Here the use

of the data structure stack comes into play for pushing the sources and also for popping it out.

The degree at which the client can execute the client program is dependent on the type of the

source of media presented. Some of the sources allow repositioning the current state of playing.

When this happens the chances of overlooking the minor details are more. If we look at more





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examples, there are other sources like broadcast sources. These are under the control of the

server. Because of this the user control over this is less as the privileges are assigned by the

server which has already been set at the beginning. For this the data which has been pushed has

to be popped out of the stack.

With the use of recursion the efficiency of the player can be improved. This is a process where

the output of a problem is dependent on the very smaller instincts of the object. The power of

the media player lies in the possibility of making a set of infinite statements as a finite one. For

more improved performance the function call has to come back to its base. Any procedure call

made has to be smaller than the previous one.

When it comes to the media player recursion can be used for the searching the playlist for

finding a particular track. For this a sub routine has to be created and this has to be called again

and again till the search yields a result. The process is first it goes from folder to subfolder and

to it’s subfolder till it finds the file and starts searching the inmost folder files once it is done

then it moves on to the next and this process continues until all the files are completely done.

In the media player which I’ am going to create the additional advantage is the JAVA memory

can be used for these type of functions so the system memory can be efficiently used which is the

key for the high performance.

These are the few of the concepts which I will be trying to uncover through my thesis.

Background Information

Electronics is one of the rapid growth areas in the field of computers. This rapid growth has

given way to the development of different media players. Media player is a library used for

playing sound and audio files. The functions of the media player depend on the developer of the

media player. The advanced version of the media player started coming out in 1991.

Depending on the version it can also play animated images and videos. It continually plays the

media in a loop. During the initial times any media player each components had to be coded

separately.





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The media players play back the audio and this feature is supported by most of the media player.

An efficient media player should also support the streaming of the video. It should also support

full media management function for its smooth functioning. The audio and the songs everything

can be arranged using different methods, it can be sorted by artist, segregated by albums etc.

these entire functions media player has to support. All of these are programmed using

programming languages. Quick access points also play an important role in the efficiency of the

media player. For making it more users friendly the graphics also play an important role in the

visual effects.

The portability of the media player is also important. It should be able to play easily using

phones or even in computer. The distribution and the marketing of the media player is also

dependent on it. Also it should be able to support different formats of videos, or at least the most

relevant ones. Otherwise it can’t be called as a successful one.

During the early 1990s there was an outburst of different types of media player. There were set

of media players which came out only for audio files, for both audio and video etc. Media

players started supporting the MIDI files and other types of files as well. The play back features

are also vital in the performance analysis.

These media players had the ability of searching the users system to find out all the music and

the audio files and will be brought to the media player. Once it is brought to the media player

then the files can be listed based on different classifications. Adding the features of cover page to

the files or even customizing the images all can be done easily. The other aspect for better

marketing is for people who are interested in audio podcast it has to be easier for them to play

the podcast. This should be abele to be played without much difficulty.

Portability is another specialty which has to be looked into it. If a user has multiple systems with

multiple platforms, it has to be easier for them to play their files using the same media player

across all the platforms with very limited or no effort at all. These also had feature of web

bookmarks and also the comment ability. It also has the streaming feature from the net. This

happens because the link is already preloaded into the media player library. Copying of the files

from device to device feature is also possible with these ones. The features of the blog are also





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there in the list. The facility of remote also can be availed, but it has to be of the same

manufacturer.

Extra features of plug-ins are also there. If any type of music is not supported the relevant plug-

in can be installed without any difficulty which will help in making it play all the types of music.

Most of the above media players are not open source one. For better marketing strategy and wide

reach they need to be open sourced. Also the compression techniques used will also play a

pivotal role in the performance. The media files are generally large in size. It becomes difficult to

manage the memory efficiently. To make use of the memory effectively we have to use the

compression techniques.

These techniques have to be inbuilt in the media players. The more efficient the compression is

the more the performance of the media player. These open sourced media player started coming

in 1996. The first open sourced media player which came out was an imitative is a group of

technical students. This was the main motivation I had for selection of the topic.

The main feature for these open source media players was its GUI feature. This is one feature

which makes it more users friendly. These open source one is a packet based media player. This

helps it to play almost all the types of formats without any difficulty. The compression used is

also enough for all the formats which makes it more effective. Since these media players support

all types of formats so there is no need of any extra codecs for playing the files. The main

advantage of this media player is that it can play high definition videos without any difficulty.

This open source media player is a cross platform independent. It can be easily played across

windows, mac and linux.

Thesis Statement

Can features of JAVA be effectively used for creation of an effective media player? Adding an

extra feature of controlling the media player with any Bluetooth device will it help the users to

prefer this over any other common media players used? How effective will it be if recursive

algorithms can be used in the design of media player?





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Methodology

The research was done by hand on experience. A media player with the above mentioned

features was programmed by using JAVA programming language. It was then executed or run in

different platforms. Same music was played in 2 different media players. The differences of

performance was then calculated and analysed.

The software items used for the development are given below

JAVA Netbeans IDE

JDK

J2ME SDK 3.0

Java Media Framework (JMF) version 2.1 or above

JSR 82 profiles

Design and Development

The main strategies for developing were

It should be simple and very efficient

It must be secured and robust

It should be easily portable

It should have very high performance

JMF is a versatile interface which gives the JAVA programmers various ways to process media

in different ways. It is a frame work for handling media streaming in the media player. With the

use of JMF following features can be effectively developed for the media player

Playback of any multimedia contents

Recording of audio or Video through Microphone and Camera

It allows real time streaming of multimedia contents from internet

It gives the feature of changing the media formats

It allows the storing of media into a file





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The development stages are given below





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SCREEN SHOTS FROM THE D EVELOPED PRODUCT





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The JAVA program used for developing the software





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Conclusion

Through the thesis the main questions which I was intending to answer are given below

Can features of JAVA be effectively used for creation of an effective media player?

Adding an extra feature of controlling the media player with any Bluetooth device will it

help the users to prefer this over any other common media players used?

How effective will it be if recursive algorithms can be used in the design of media

player?

Yes the features of JAVA can be used for an effective media player. The features like

inheritance; abstraction etc can be used to create an excellent performance media player.

The created media player was then distributed amongst a set of people of various ages and was

asked to use it for some days. After the stipulated number of days a survey was taken and 9 out

of every 10 people said they preferred using this media player. So yes adding the extra feature

of controlling the media player via Bluetooth will help the users to prefer this over any common

media players available.

The media player became effective only because of the usage of the recursive algorithms.

This helped in improving the storage aspect of execution and also increased performance of

the player.

Because more space could be allotted to the media inside it rather than the program.

Further Recommendations

Adding more attractive Graphic feature while playing the audio

Layout of the screen feature

Adding the video conferencing feature





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Acknowledgements

At the time of submitting this report we use this opportunity to mention those people who were

with us along the work.

I express my whole hearted thanks to Atlantic International University for giving me an

opportunity to undertake the endeavour.

I also thank my family for their love and support they provided. I extend our heartfelt thanks to

all my dear friends without whom we would not have accomplished this work.

Above all we would like to acknowledge with thanks “The Lord Almighty”, the foundation of

all wisdom who has been wonderfully guiding me step by step.

References

Bruce, Hopkins, 2003. Bluetooth For Java. 1st ed. Berkely: The Authors Press.

Juan Carlos, Cano, 2006. Wireless Personal Communications. UbiqMuseum: A

Bluetooth and Java Based Context- Aware System for Ubiquitous Computing, 2/38, 187-

202.

Radhika, Grover, 2013. Programming with Java: A Multimedia Approach. 1st ed.

Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sullivan, Sean, 1998. Programming with the Java Media Framework (SUG). 1st ed.

Newyork: John Wiley and Sons.

Terrazas, Alejandro, 2002. Java Media APIs: Cross-Platform Imaging, Media and

Visualization. 2nd ed. Indianapolis: Indiana: Sams.





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Demonetization and its Impact on E-Wallet Players

Dr. Priyanka Rawal

Assistant Professor, School of Management,


Dr. Shekhar Upadhyay

Assistant Professor, School of Management,


Dr. Alka Awasthi

Assistant Professor, School of Management


Abstract

When the entire world was eagerly waiting for US Presidential elections, Indian Prime Minister

Narendra Modi came out with one of his boldest moves yet and a masterstroke to curb one of the

biggest problem of black money and corruption. With the move of demonetization taken by

Central Government of India on 8th November, 2016, digital wallet companies realized they

have struck a gold mine and are pushing hard for consumers to adopt their service. This

adoption of cashless transactions is not only convenient but also is important for the economy

since it definitely will help to restrain black money. A liquidity crunch was seen all across the

country which had a major setback by small traders and the unorganized retailers leading to a

reduction in sales. As a result people had no other option than to adopt to digital wallets to pay

for their daily necessities. Transactions through digital wallets are safe and also save lot of time,

thereby emerging as an alternative to cash. Well-known mobile wallet companies such as Paytm,

PayU, Freecharge and Mobikwik have turned out to be the single largest beneficiary of

demonetization, thereby making life of people highly convenient. This paper attempts to throw

light on the impact of demonetization of high value currency notes in India on e wallet

companies and their future success.

http://indianexpress.com/about/paytm/





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Keywords: Demonetization, Digital Wallets, Black money, cashless transactions, Consumers,

Retailers.

Introduction- A shift towards Digital Payments

If I had to recall the exact date when I stood in a queue to pay my phone bill or book an airline

ticket, probably I would fail to recall that moment, as high-speed mobile internet services have

made that job easier for me by paying it online or with the help of Smartphone. Leather wallets

are going out of fashion and have already been replaced by mobile wallets which hold your

money digitally. You load cash on a digital wallet through your bank account which can later be

used as stored cash for paying a myriad of services digitally.

Digital payments in India have been experiencing exponential growth and with growth of

internet and mobile penetration, in coming years the country is ready to witness a huge rush in

the adoption of digital payments. Digital as a medium of payment has a market which has seen a

compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10% between year 2010 and 2013.A well

established fact which says that every disruption creates opportunities has once again been

successfully implemented where demonetization has created a huge growth opportunity for

digital wallet companies to expand their market share. A boon for digital wallet companies’

demonetization has seen a higher adoption and increase in awareness of digital wallets, as a

substitute to cash by Indian consumers. To track the flow of money one of the best moves is to

bring down the economy’s cash flow, where less circulation of paper currency in the market will

eventually lead to tracing the flow of black money in the country. One of the immediate changes

which was visible everywhere was a spike in the number of mobile wallet downloads along with

more & more people moving towards digital transactions resulting in an increase in Debit and

Credit card users. After an initial phase of discomfort where demonetization paralyzed the

economy, Indian economy is now all set towards the cashless economy facilitated by digital

wallets. A vital weapon for a country looking for major economic reforms demonetization is an

act of removing a currency from general use. Hence it enables the withdrawal of a specific

currency which is then replaced with a new currency unit. This major move was a result of





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illegal activities like forgery and wrongdoing where fake notes were used by anti nationalists for

their own self interest making the honest workers suffer.

Being one of the most cash-intensive economies of the world, in India the ratio of the amount of

money in circulation in cash compared to that of what is in the banks in about 51%, which is 8 to

9 percent for most of the countries. In 2016 the digital payment scenario in the country had the

total transaction value of USD 28,961.6 million, which is expecting to show an annual growth

rate (CAGR) of 18.36% in the period of 2016-2020 ensuing in the total amount of USD 56,837.5

million by the end of 2020.

Doing payments via mobile phones has been in use for many years and is now set to explode

(Dahlberg, et. al., 2008).Also mobiles are increasingly being used by consumers for making

payments. “Digital Wallet “has become a part of consumers which are nothing but smart phones

which can function as leather wallets, (Doan, 2014). The relative benefit offered by digital

wallets includes convenience, security and affordability over other modes of payment in

particular while transferring money (Wamuyu, 2014).Growth in technology has opened many

modes of payments through which consumers can do transactions which are more convenient,

accessible and acceptable (Pulina, 2011; Soman, 2001, 2003; Srivastava & Raghubir, 2008 ;)

Consumers have an inclination towards mobile payment apps usage (Dewan & Chen, 2005;

Kreyer et al., 2003).Offering various benefits such as flexi payment digital wallet brands are

providing extra convenience to consumers (Liu & Zhuo, 2012).The major factor which is

influencing the adoption of digital wallets among consumers is convenience in purchasing

products through digital platform as pointed out by Rathore (2016).

Benefits offered by Digital Wallets

For easy and quick payment many vegetable and fruit sellers have started using the e-wallet

option post demonetization. Paytm, India’s leading mobile wallet startup has witnessed a 200

percent increase in app download and its traffic has been increased by 435%.Other brands like

Ola Money has also seen a 1,500 percent increase in wallet recharges which is not only helping





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common man in paying electricity bills, shopping, cabs, auto-rickshaws, banking transactions

and other value added services but even facilitate payments at nearby grocery stores.

Digital wallets offer the consumers the convenience of payments without swiping their debit or

credit cards. Instant Cash availability and renders seamless mobility is also a unique feature of

these digital apps, for instance the balance in your Paytm wallet can be very easily transferred to

your bank account as and when you want. Following are some other advantages of making

transactions through e wallets:

Saves time: digital wallets hold the amount in the electronic form so as to ease the

payment process where users can make online payments without entering any card

details.

Ease of use : As digital wallet is like one click pay without filling details about card viz

card number and passwords every time, It allows user to link digital wallet to accounts

and pay right away so that the consumers face no issues to enter the details every time a

transaction happen.

Security: there is a good amount of security when payments are made through e wallets

since the wallet does not pass the payment card details to the website. These virtual

wallets allow users to lock their wallet.

Convenient and information stored under one roof: As digital wallets helps to eliminate

need to carry the physical wallet they are highly convenient. Also a better management is

possible as there is synchronization of data from multiple platforms like bank accounts,

credit and debit cards, mobile accounts and billing portals.

Attractive Discount: Cash back and discounts are being offered by most of the players

along with providing offline wallet balance top up known as 'Cash Pickup' service. This

service is being offered by Mobikwik that will facilitate cash to be directly added to

MobiKwik wallet where consumers of even smaller towns can be benefited.

When the economy becomes formal where everybody’s financial transactions are digitized any

country would go from data poor to data rich, thereby making it more and more difficult for

people to be dishonest curbing the problem of black money circulation in the system.





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Demonetization has given a huge impact on the digital marketing horizon of India encouraging

citizens to be involved in fewer cash transactions and using electronic or plastic money for

meeting their daily requirements. Apart from banks, micro-financing companies and digital

financial operators, Modi’s demonetization plan has been a boon for India’s e-payment service

providers. Country’s popular Paytm player reported over 14 million new accounts in November

which was three times surge in getting hold of new customers. Though more than half of the

population is still not very comfortable with electronic transfers and doing transactions on

mobile payment platforms still a substantial increase in demand was seen in the usage of plastic

money .e wallets and apps. To enhance the adaptability of this digital solution and to aid in

behavioral change, Institutional support from financial institutions, telecom platforms and

payment interfaces will have to come forward to fill the supply gap. Even a roadside stall which

forms an unorganized market has started to accept payments through e-wallet.

Cash restrain brings delight for e-wallet players

The demonetization move has proved to be big boost for all e wallet companies and they have

registered a massive growth across the country. Some of the wallets operated by telecom players

and banks are Idea Money, m-pesa, Payzapp, PingPay and Airtel Money. Also Cab services like

Ola has launched Ola Money, which is an independent wallet for recharging mobiles and even

aid in money transfers. Post demonetization the number of daily transactions through e-wallet

services such as Paytm, MobiKwik and Oxigen has gone up to 63 lakh from 17 lakh which

comes to a growth of 271% as reported from the government data.

Most prominent growth was seen by PayTM which successfully served over 45 Million users

between 12th November, 2016 and 22nd November, 2016 adding over 5 million new users since

demonetization started on 8th November, 2016. The company also saw an expansion of its

merchant network by 1, 50,000 and as per company projections it is aiming to reach 8 million

transactions, worth Rs 400crore a month, by the end of the current financial year (Source: 23

November 2016, 20 Page Number- Business Standard Mumbai Edition). In terms of rupees the

transaction value of Paytm grew by 200% with an enormous 435% increase in overall traffic.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/delhi-ncr-street-vendors-get-smarter-with-digital-wallets/story-Uw0wv38FXT4wvrfjfwEY6L.html





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PayU also saw an 80% jump in its transactions, whereas Freecharge claimed that the average

wallet balance on its platform enlarged 12 times.Ola Money which is a mobile app for transport

confirmed an increase over 1,500% in recharges across 102 cities of its operations post

demonetization. Since the demonetization of high value currency notes MobiKwik achieved the

target of one million merchants both organized and unorganized on its payment network,

registering 1,000 per cent growth. To facilitate acceptability and adoption of digital mode of

payments the company has recently partnered with Amul, NASVI and many more. To cater to

the increase in demand Bengaluru-based Ezetap, which makes its own point-of-sale devices to

enable merchants to receive digital payments reported a 25% increase in digital transactions

Internet users in India are increasing which is a positive indication that the digital wallet players

have a huge potential for growth and to expand their market share.





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Source: www.statistia.com

Table 1: Internet Users in India

Reserve Bank of India has published data which tells a story of an enormous boom in not only

adoption but also in usage of mobile wallet as a mode of payment (Fig 1).Mobile wallet

transactions have taken a huge leap from Rs 10 billion transactions in 2012-2013 to more than Rs

490 billion in the year 2015-2016.Not only the value of transactions is awe-inspiring, but also the

rate at which mobile wallets are being adopted by people.

Figure: 1

The rate at which mobile wallets are being adopted by users is also worth noting and as is

clearly visible from the graphical representation of the data (Fig 2),it can be clearly inferred that

the value of transactions carried out between 2014-'16 through mobile wallets have grown by a

whopping 500%. In the meantime, the number of transactions carried out through m-wallets has

also been doubled during the same time period. The same period saw the number of debit and

credit cards transactions to grow by 25%-50% seeing a modest 25% growth in the value of

transactions made with the help of plastic money.

http://www.statistia.com/





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Figure: 2

Demonetization of Indian currency and increased use of e wallets

E wallets are the digitalized version of physical wallet to safe keep and hold your money, plastic

and loyalty cards which provide a handy & safe execution of online payment used commonly for

mobile phone sand other hand held devices. Through these wallets a person can pay their bills,

do online bookings and can shop wherever they wish to as they are relatively economical and do

not require any kind of major technical assistance or knowledge for implementation.

Since demonetization has come into effect, the startups offering online wallets and digital

payments are the clear cut winners. This major decision to demonetize the high currency of 500

and 1,000 rupee note has resulted in greater than before use of mobile wallets throughout the

country. These e wallet companies have witnessed a massive rise in downloads of their apps as

well. By the year 2018, in India the digital wallet market is expected to grow at a CAGR of

140%.With a growth rate of over 190 per cent the mobile-wallet market in India is expected to

reach Rs 1,512 billion by financial year 2022 which at present is around Rs.1.5 billion as per the

survey done jointly by trade body Assocham and business consulting firm RNCOS. Also the

global mobile wallet market will record a CAGR of 34% by 2020 year end as per the analysts at

Technavio. This growth will be driven due to vigorous mobile internet penetration in both urban

and rural areas, growth of e-commerce sector along with rise in disposable incomes of people.

Also India is one of the fastest-growing Smartphone markets in the world and is expected to

become the second largest market by the end of 2017.





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After demonetization with immediate effect the cash on delivery option of payment was with

immediate effect on hold though the option of CoD was quiet convenient. Many people have

reportedly faced the issue of not being available when the dispatched item reaches their home

and this is where the e wallet proves to be a very fruitful option for consumers. In today’s fast

paced life everybody appreciates quick service and this gives an opportunity for firms to get

loyal customers as they are willing to return if they do not have to hang around for long.

Growth Ahead!!

By financial year 2022 the Indian mobile-wallet market is expected to grow at over 190 per cent

to reach Rs 1,512 billion as reported by a study conducted jointly by business consulting firm

RNCOS and trade body Assocham. Among the fastest growing paperless modes of payment or

banking M-wallet transaction is expected to grow at a CAGR of 154 percent during financial

year 2016-22.With the launch of 4G, rising Smartphone penetration, growing mobile internet

user base and increasing support from government the mobile wallet market in India is all set to

exhibit an exponential growth. These companies are even collaborating with service providers

and financial institutions to ensure that the users get a seamless mobile wallet platform for

making smooth transactions. Digital payments are witnessing an exponential growth due to

technological advances and ever increasing mobile penetration. The consumer payments industry

specifically digital wallets will drive the future growth of digital payments in India. These

wallets are coming up as mini banking institutions and in near future can get banking licenses,

keeping in mind government’s agenda of financial inclusion. The value proposition of digital

wallets is just not about the payment, but also the value-added services that are being offered as

customers get fair and quick results of their hard earned money. For the Government cash as a

mode of transaction is an expensive proposition and people need to move away from cash-based

economy towards a cashless or digital payment system. Digital wallets have transformed the way

people complete transaction by offering facilities at lower costs, convenience to the customers in

payment process along with reducing time involved in process. Post demonetization has created

lot of opportunity for players to penetrate into market. With growing Digital wallet industry

problem of black money in the country can be controlled in the country thereby leading to





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transparency in society. As India is moving towards a globalised market cashless transaction

system is not only a requirement for people of all age groups but is also a need of the society at

present. Mobile wallets won’t just be about mobile payments but will become a new marketing

channel where the online and offline marketing efforts will be combined together. This emerging

opportunity should be encashed by marketers where they can develop integrated mobile wallet

apps, in which value beyond payments can be added. Brand experiences can be given to

customers through loyalty programs, product discovery, coupons and other promotional content.

Thus mobile wallets are certainly all set to go beyond just making payments and pivoting into a

path-breaking social experience making the life of people convenient and hassle free.

References

Agarwal, S., “India Inc lauds plan to bring digital payment at par with offline payments”,

Retrieved from http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-

trends/india-inc-lauds-plan-to-bring-digital-payment-at-par-with-offline-

payment/articleshow/51147487.cms, February 26, 2016.

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prevent fraudulent mobile transactions”, Retrieved from

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mobikwik-wallet-companies, January 16, 2016

Dahlberg, T., Mallat, N., Ondrus, J., & Zmijewska, A. (2008). Past, present and future of

mobile payments research: A literature review. Electronic Commerce Research and

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Doan, N. (2014). Consumer adoption in mobile wallet: a study of consumers in Finland.

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of electronic and mobile payment systems.

Rathore, H. S. (2016). Adoption of Digital Wallet by Consumers.Bvimsr’s Journal of

Management Research, 8(1), 69.

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https://www.techsciresearch.com/news/453-india-mobile-wallet-market-to-reach-us-6-6-billion-by-2020.html



http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/mobile-wallets-see-a-soaring-growth-post-demonetisation/story-zwdBi3UGqG1qZD92AEF9GK.html



https://www.prismetric.com/mobile-payments-rescuers-demonetization/

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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/trend-tracking/digital-payments-up-300pc/articleshow/55906422.cms



VISHLESHAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT

(VIJEM), ISSN (ONLINE): 2455-524X

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