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South Carolina Databank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

South Carolina Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

About Your Textbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Social Studies: Why It Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii

CHAPTER 1

UNIT 1 The Land of South Carolina 1

South Carolina Geography 2

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Lesson 1 Core Land and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Extend Geography — Rivers of South Carolina . . . . . . . 8

Map and Globe Skills Review Map Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Lesson 2 Core Regions and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Chapter 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

CHAPTER 2

UNIT 2

CHAPTER 3

Colonists and a New Country 18

Settling South Carolina 20

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Lesson 1 Core Three Early Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Lesson 2 Core Early Explorers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Graph and Chart Skills Interpret and Make a Timeline . . . . . . 30

Lesson 3 Core An English Colony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Lesson 4 Core Colonial Life in South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Extend History — Gullah Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Chapter 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

The American Revolution 44

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Lesson 1 Core The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Lesson 2 Core Battleground South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Map and Globe Skills Use a Map Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Lesson 3 Core A New Nation, A New State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Extend Citizenship — The Right to Vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

UNIT 3CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 5

A Time of Change 64

A Growing State 66

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify . . . . . . . . . . 66

Lesson 1 Core King Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Chart and Graph Skills Read a Line Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Lesson 2 Core South Carolina in the 1800s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Extend History — Living in Charleston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Chapter 4 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

A Nation Divided 82

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Lesson 1 Core North and South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Extend Economics — North and South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Lesson 2 Core The War in South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Graph and Chart Skills Read a Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Lesson 3 Core Rebuilding South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Chapter 5 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

UNIT 4CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 7

Modern South Carolina 102

A Changing State 104

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Lesson 1 Core The Early 1900s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Lesson 2 Core South Carolina in War and Peace . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Reading and Thinking Skills Choose the Right Source . . . . 114

Lesson 3 Core The Struggle for Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Extend Biography — Civil Rights Leaders . . . . . . . . . . 120

Chapter 6 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

South Carolina Today 124

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Lesson 1 Core Rights and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Citizenship Skills Resolve Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Lesson 2 Core State and Local Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Extend Readers’ Theater — A Tour of the State Capitol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Lesson 3 Core South Carolinians at Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Chapter 7 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

UNIT 5CHAPTER 8

CHAPTER 9

The South — Your Region 146

Exploring the South 148

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify . . . . . . . . . 148

Lesson 1 Core Land and Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Map and Globe Skills Use a Special Purpose Map . . . . . . . . 154

Lesson 2 Core Resources and Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Extend Economics — Making Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Chapter 8 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Living in the South 164

Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Lesson 1 Core What’s Special About the Upper South . . . . . . 166

Lesson 2 Core What’s Special About the Lower South . . . . . . 170

Study Skills Write a Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Lesson 3 Core Many Regions, One Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Extend Primary Sources — National Symbols . . . . . . 180

Chapter 9 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

ResourcesGeographic Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R74

Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R76

Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R90

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R93

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R96

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R103

xv

ReferencesCitizenship Handbook . . . . . . . . 184

Pledge of Allegiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2

Songs of Our Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R4

Documents of our Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . R8

Character Traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R10

South Carolina Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . R12

Governors of South Carolina . . . . . . . . R18

South Carolina Documents . . . . . . . . . . R21

Biographical Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . R22

U.S. Databank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R24

Extend LessonsConnect the core lessons to an important concept and dig into it. Extend your social studies knowledge!

Rivers of South Carolina 8

A Tour of the State Capitol 136

Gullah Culture 40

Living in Charleston 78

North and South 88

Making Choices 160

The Right to Vote 60

Civil Rights Leaders 120

National Symbols 180

Skill Lessons

Review Map Skills 10Use a Map Grid 54Use a Special Purpose Map 154

Interpret and Make a Timeline 30

Read a Line Graph 72

Read a Diagram 94

Write a Report 174

Resolve Conflicts 130

Choose the Right Source 114

Cause and Effect 36, 50, 68, 106, 170

Compare and Contrast 22, 84, 132

Sequence 26, 90, 100, 110

Problem and Solution 116

Main Idea and Details 4, 56, 74, 140, 166

Draw Conclusions 32, 96, 176

Categorize 12, 126, 156

Visual LearningBecome skilled at reading visuals. Graphs, maps, and timelines help you put all of the information together.

South Carolina, political ivSouth Carolina, physical vSouth Carolina Landforms 5South Carolina 10Regions of South Carolina 13South Carolina Cities and Rivers 17South Carolina Indian Nations 23Expedition Routes 28Albemarle Point 32Revolutionary War Battles 53Downtown Columbia 55Downtown Charleston 63The Union and the Confederacy 86Coastal South Carolina 91The Great Migration 108South Carolina Counties 134South Carolina Resources 142The South 151Precipitation in the United States 154Crystal Lake Beach 163Transportation in the Upper South 167Lower South Precipitation 171United States Interstate Highways 177

Lords Proprietors 33Cotton Production in the South, 1800–1860 73Large Plantations in the South, 1860 75Population of South Carolina, 1800–1860 81Railroad Equipment Made in the U.S., 1861 88Cloth Made in the U.S., 1861 88Total Value of South Carolina Farms,

1860–1900 98Mills and Mill Workers in South Carolina 107Some Rights Protected by the Bill of Rights 127Rights and Responsibilities 128Three Branches of State Government 133Goods and Services from Natural Resources 157Cotton-Related Jobs in the South 158

The H.L. Hunley 94Batteries 101

Interpret and Make a Timeline 30Chapter Preview Timelines 20, 44, 66, 82, 104Lesson Timelines

22, 26, 32, 36, 46, 50, 56, 68, 74, 90, 96, 106, 110, 116,

Lesson Review Timelines 29, 35, 39, 49, 53, 59, 87, 99, 109, 113, 119

Chapter Review Timelines 43, 63, 81, 101, 123

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How did South Carolina change in the 1800s?

“I have . . . believed from the first that . . .

the subject of slavery will . . . end in disunion.”

—John C. Calhoun

64 • Unit 3

John C. Calhoun1782–1850

A lawyer from Abbeville, John C. Calhoun became one of the most famous members of Congress in the 1800s, and served as a Vice President. page 86

65

Robert Smalls1839–1916

After escaping slavery and fighting in the Civil War, Robert Smalls served five terms as South Carolina’s representative in Congress.page 91

Sarah Grimke1792–1873

Sarah Grimke and her sister Angelina worked to end slavery. The Grimke sisters also tried to gain more opportunities for women.page 85

44 • Unit 2

Vocabulary Previewe • glossarye • word gameswww.eduplace.com/kids/hmss/

The AmericanRevolution

taxTo get money from the American colonies, the British government put a tax on goods, such as tea. These taxes upset many colonists. page 46

delegateDelegates from South Carolina spoke for their fellow colonists when the Declaration of Independence was written. page 48

1770 1775 1780

1774

First Continental Congress1776

Declaration of Independence1780

Victory at Cowpens

Chapter Timeline

ED: last line is OM. Please cut.

45

patriotChristopher Gadsden was a Patriotfrom South Carolina. He did not want the colonies to be ruled by the British. page 50

democracyThe U.S. Constitution is a written plan for our country’s democracy. In a democracy, people have a say in how their government is run. page 59

Summarize As you read, use the summarize strategy to focus on important ideas.

Review the main ideas. Then look for important details that support the main idea.

1785 1790

1783

Treaty of Paris1787

U.S. Constitution

Four important concepts get you started.

Get ready for reading.

How It’s OrganizedUnits The major sections of your book are units. Each starts with a big idea.

Chapters Units are divided into chapters, and each opens with a vocabulary preview.

The War in

South Carolina

Build on What You Know Did you ever start a job that grew harder as you went along? At the start of the Civil War, both sides thought they could win easily. They soon learned that winning would not be easy.

The War BeginsMain Idea: South Carolina played an important part in the Civil War.

On April 12, 1861, Confederate soldiers fired on Fort Sumter. It was a Union fort in Charleston Harbor. The firing on Fort Sumter was the start of the Civil War.

Confederate soldiers fired on the fort for 34 hours. Finally, the Union soldiers surrendered. After the battle, thousands of men in South Carolina and other southern states joined the Confederate army.

VOCABULARY

blockadeemancipation

READING SKILLSequence As you read, list the important events of the Civil War in the order that they occurred.

First Next Last

Fort Sumter People in Charleston could easily see the shells exploding in the fort.

90 • Chapter 5

HANDSON

93

The War EndsIn 1865, after four years of hard

fighting, the Confederacy could not fight anymore. The leader of the Confederate Army was General Robert E. Lee. He surrendered to the leader of the Union army, General Ulysses S. Grant. The Civil War was over.

What were some hardships in South Carolina caused by the Civil War?

1 VOCABULARY Write a short paragraph about what happened at Charleston Harbor during the Civil War. Use the word blockade.

2 READING SKILL What was the sequence of key events in South Carolina during the Civil War?

3 MAIN IDEA: Geography Why was the South Carolina coast so important during the war?

4 MAIN IDEA: History What act did Lincoln take to end slavery in the Confederacy?

5 TIMELINE SKILL: How many years did the Civil War last?

6 CRITICAL THINKING: Conclude Whywas the support of women important to the war effort in the South?

RESEARCH ACTIVITY Find out about a Civil War battle that took place in South Carolina. Write a short description of that battle. Make a map showing where it happened.

Lesson SummarySouth Carolina was an important

state in the Civil War. The Union won control of the South Carolina coast after blockading Charleston Harbor. While soldiers fought, the lives of women and enslaved Africans changed. The war ended with the defeat of the Confederacy.

Why It Matters . . . Because the North won the Civil

War, the United States remained one country and slavery was ended.

Surrender Lee surrendered on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865

1861

Civil War begins1861

Charleston Harbor Blockade1864

Sherman’s march1865

Civil War ends

HANDSON

Core and ExtendLessons The lessons in your book have two parts: core and extend.

Practice summarizing the lesson.

Studying social studies means asking why ideas are important to remember.

After you read, pull it together!

Core Lesson

Vocabulary strategies help with word meanings.

Before you read, use your prior knowledge.

Reading skills support your understanding of the text.

Main ideas for sections state what is important.

Core LessonsLessons bring social studies to life and help you meet your state’s standards.

Extend LessonsGo deeper into an important topic.

PrimarySources