visitors center

WILLIAM M. COLMER visitors center and park headquarters

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROGRAM ANALYSIS project description 4 existing building areas 5 public space inventory 6 visitors staff rangers 7 proposed assembly 8 assembly explanation 8 proposed business 9 business explanation 9

SITE ANALYSIS site area images 10 topographic analysis 12 site diagram 14 site sections 15 design intent 17

CODE ANALYSIS international building code 18

LEED CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST sustainable sites 20 waterefficiency 24 energy and atmosphere 26 materials and resources 30 environmental quality 32

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS mont-cenis training center 42 robert rhodes 44 herbert enns 45

SCHEMATIC DESIGN 44

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 50

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 64


The William M. Colmer Visitors Center and Park Headquarters,locatedjusteastofOceanSprings,MS,isacenterforrec-reation,learning,andwork.Itistheonlyland-accessiblepark in the Davis Bayou Ecosystem, and it offers fishing, hiking, biking, bird-watching, picnicking, and ranger-ledprograms.Utilizinglocalartistswork,includingtheworkofWalterAnderson,theLearningcenterfeaturesexhibitionsondifferentecosystems,localplants,andwildlife.Italsoshows the film “Tides, Winds, and Waves” daily in the audito-rium. The center is an office for the National Park Service Park Rangers and houses the Eastern National Bookstore.

Since August 29, 2005, when hurricane Katrina ravaged thegulfcoast,thecenterhasbeeninremissionduetoextensivedamage to the building and property. The building was flooded with ~5’ of water, and many of the surrounding decks were washed away. Previous to the storm, the National Park Service was considering re-building this center due to its inefficient floor plan and inadequate size. Rather than renovating the existing building, the NPS plans to completely re-design the Park Headquarters to the new NPS standards. These include:

I. Building Pathways to Learning

II. Bringing America’s History Alive

III. Protecting Nature, Protecting Ourselves

IV. Pursuing and Teaching Sustainability

V. Nurturing Living Cultures and Communities

VI. Promoting Outdoor Recreation

VII. Shaping the Future National Park System

VIII. Ensuring Institutional Capacity�

] Formoreinformation,visitwww.nps.gov/policy/report.htmforaccess to the article “Rethinking the National Parks for the 21st Century.”

p r o j e c t d e s c r i p t i o n

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PROGRAM ANALYSIS

Public/Assembly Spaces Lobby 1130 sq ft Visitor Information 230 sq ft Public Restrooms (Male) 200 sq ft Public Restrooms (Female) 200 sq ft Walter Anderson Gallery 560 sq ft Exhibition space for seasonal events (temporary) 1,100 sq ft Auditorium (45 seats) 1,300 sq ft Gift space 120 sq ft

TOTAL ASSEMBLY 4,840 sq ft

Business Spaces Biologist 200 sq ft Resource Management 200 sq ft District Interpretation 170 sq ft

District Ranger Law Enforcement Ranger 270 sq ft Program Clerk 270 sq ft Program Assistant 160 sq ft Superintendent Dept. 360 sq ft Artifacts 170 sq ft Security 100 sq ft Law Enforcement Room 50 sq ft Conference 270 sq ft Library 150 sq ft Interpretation 200 sq ft Interpretation 100 sq ft Interpretation 140 sq ft Kitchen 130 sq ft Restroom (male) 120 sq ft Restroom (female) 120 sq ft Eastern National Books 150 sq ft Eastern National Books 150 sq ft Electrical 80 sq ft Mechanical 180 sq ft Circulation 1,790 sq ft

TOTAL BUSINESS 5,660 sq ftTOTAL SQ FT OF EXISTING BUILDING: 10,500 sq ft

existing building areas

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The previous Visitors Center contained a series of displays in which the new center will implement. These include: •Photos of Workers (front desk) •Display case with Skulls (Dolphin, Raccoon, Nutria, Boar, Coyote, Heron) •Osprey Nest •DonationsBox •Pamphlet Rack •EventsBoard •Table with turtle skull and preserved sea turtle •Sea Turtle Photo Essay •Space Image of Gulf Coast •Photos of “Scenes of Gulf Coast” •Photos of Ship Island Lighthouse •Photos on walls of every hallway •Walldedicatedtoworkoflocalartists •Trash/Litter Exhibit •Historical Timeline of Ship Island (Poster) •Anotherdisplaytablewithskulls •Laminatededucationalpostersofvariouspawprints,indigenous species,etc. •giftareaopentohallway •Antique Sign for “War Dogs” – a military group from the area that participated in Pacific Theatre in World War II •Walter Anderson Gallery (13 wooden animal sculptures and 30 Walter Anderson Paintings)

The new Center will also implement additional spaces/spatial arrangements by request of the Center staff. These include:

•Shower facility: for park rangers and interpreters to use before andaftertheirrespectiveduties. •Private Laboratory: necessaryforresearch. •Efficient Traffic Flow: conducivetolearningandsmoothtour guidance. •Duplicate Audio-Visual Room:forsplittourgroups. •Outdoor tour/classroom space: for more efficient movement of multipletourgroups. •Food Concept:availabilityofafoodsourcemanagedandmaintained as a separate entity to the Park Service. Proceeds could be donatedtotheenhancementofthepark. •Information Desk Location: shouldbeinthelineofsightofthe visitors. •More Storage •Classrooms:oneroomwiththesolepurposeofeducation.Shouldbe a “work-station” type arrangement.

public space inventory

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

Visitors: in the busiest time of year (summer), there are ~�00visitorsaday.Inaddition,agroupofupto�00chil-dren (from school, boy/girl scouts, camp, etc.) may visit the buildingduringtheweek.

Total number of visitors, 2005 4,910,387

The people visiting this building will consist of a diverse samplingofthepopulationandvaryinginterestsincludingbut not limited to:

•Adultsandchildrenofallages •Variousclubsandorganizations •Students •Cyclists •Fisherman •Nature activists •Local Community •Artists

Staff: There are currently approximately 15 to 16 full time staff members that occupy the building. The job titles of the full time staff include:

•BoatOperator •Course Maintenance •FacilityManager •Law Enforcement Rangers (rough equivalent of police) •Interpreter Rangers (rough equivalent of tour guides) •Biologist •Resource Manager •Superintendent •AdministrativeAssistant •Office Clerk •District Ranger •Fee Collector •Volunteers/outdoorstaffmembers

v i s i to r s s ta f f ranger s

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Public/Assembly Spaces

Lobby/Security/Visitor Information 770 sq ft Gift Shop/Bookstore 770 sq ft Public Restrooms (Male: 2 toilet, 2 urinal, 2 lav.) 2-250 sq ft Public Restrooms (Female: 4 toilet, 2 lav) 2-250 sq ft Water Fountains 36 sq ft Exhibition Space for local history and art (permanent) 1500 sq ft Exhibition space for seasonal events (temporary) 1030 sq ft Auditorium (50 seats) 900 sq ft Indoor Workshop Classroom 650 sq ft

•Lobby: Entrance area; initial exterior AND interior meeting space; shouldhaveviewtoinformationdesk.

•Visitor Information:Frontdeskwherevisitorsgetinformation.

•Eastern National Books:usuallyatexitoffacility.

•Public Restrooms: Male: 2 toilet, 2 urinal, 2 lav. Female: 4 toilet, 2 lav)\

•Permanent Exhibition Space:forlocalhistoryandart;WalterAndersonart.

•Temporary Exhibition space:forseasonalevents.•Interactive Showcase for Sustainable Design: Center for educating the publiconalternativeenergysources,environmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterials, and a display showing “green Design.”

•2 Auditorium spaces: 50 seats each; 100 seats total. To feature the 12 minute film “Tides, Winds, and Waves.” Includes 2 Audio/Video technician areasforlargecrowds.•2 Indoor Workshop Classrooms: toholdeducationalactivitiesoutsidetheauditorium. Classroom should be set up in “stations,” not rows and aisles.

Total Assembly 6,656 sq. ft.

assembly explanation

p r o p o s e d a s s e m b l y

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

Business Spaces

Biologist/Biology Lab 220 sq ft Resource Management 220 sq ft DistrictInterpretation/Interp. Sto. Volunteer 220 sq ft District Ranger 220 sq ft Law Enforcement Ranger 220 sq ft Program Clerk 220 sq ft Program Assistant 220 sq ft Superintendent Dept. 400 sq ft Artifacts (Storage) 245 sq ft Conference/Library 480 sq ft Kitchen/Lounge 240 sq ft Restroom (Co-ed) 42 sq ft Electrical 90 sq ft Mechanical/Cooling 200 sq ft Outside Chiller 300 sq ft Circulation Space 560 sq ft

•Biologist Office, Biology Lab, Resource Management: Offices for research biologists,andcollegestudents/graduatestudents.

•Superintendent Department: Office for the individual who oversees both the Florida and Mississippi Parks. •Artifacts Storage:Storageformuseumitemsnotbeingdisplayed.•Security: separate from Law Enforcement office. Will contain surveillance equipment. •Conference:Gatheringspaceforstaffmeetings,etc.

•Library: Private resource center for staff.

•Kitchen/LoungeBreak area for staff: cooking equipment for those with longshifts. •Restroom: Male: 1 toilet,1 lav Female: 1 toilet, I lav) •Shower/Locker Room: 1 male, 1 female for staff who are outdoors frequentlyandneedshowerfacilitiestocleanoff. •Outside Chiller:becauseofthefacilitysize.

Total Business 4,097 sq ftTotal sq. ft. of New Building (A/C space) 10,753 sq ft

p r o p o s e d b u s i n e s s

bus iness explanat ion

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The Davis Bayou is located just east of Ocean Springs, MS and just north of Ship and Horn Island. The Building site for the newvisitorscenterislocatedatthehilltop,overlookingextensivemarshland.

SITE ANALYSIS9


s i t e d i a g r a m

existingparking/road

marsh

water

existingbuilding

SITE ANALYSIS

a.

a.

b.

c.

b. c.

s i t e s e c t i o n s

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The steep, alluvial Mississippi coast, or ‘terraced Deltaic Plain,’ in combination with the small drainage areas result in narrow marsh areas. The topography of the Davis Bayou area is mostly level, where the highest elevation is 20’along the northern section sloping down to the bayou. Considerable marsh land is contained within this area. Relatively heavy vegetation and gentle slopes retard the rate oferosiononDavisBayou.Onlythebeech/magnoliacommunityandthetidal marshlands are subject to much erosion. The sandy and clay-like soilsofthesteepridges,whichsupportthebeech/magnoliacommunity,aresubjecttoerosionbecausethehighclaycontentofthe soil permits excessive runoff. The tidal marshes and the Davis Bayoushorelinearesubjecttoerosionbecauseofboatwakeshittingtheshoreline.

Marine Grass Bed Ecosystem The marine grass bed ecosystem grows throughout protected seashore waters. Sandy bottoms, shell fragments and calm waters The seagrassesoccurinisolatedpatchesusuallylessthanseveralhundredacresinsize.IntheturbidMississippiSoundwaters,thesea grasses are rarely found in water deeper than 6 feet. These communitiesprovidefoodforthemarineecosystem.Inaddition,theyprovide cover for many young fish. Although the grass beds make up onlyasmallpercentageofthetotalsubmergedlandsaroundtheSeashoreislands,thefaunaobservedinassociationwiththem,especiallytheinvertebrates,appearsfargreaterthanthemoreextensivesandyareas.

The sea grass community is very fragile and easily disturbed byhumanactivity,suchaspropellerscarringandturbidityincreasescausedbydredging.

Stormactivity,especiallyhurricanes,canalsoleadtoextensive grass bed destruction. Prior to 1969, an estimated 20,000 acresofgrassbedsexistedintheMississippiSound;however,muchof this acreage was destroyed by hurricane Camille and the grass beds havenotyetcompletelyreestablished.

SubmergedgrassbedswithintheDavisBayouareaarerestrictedtosmallisolatedbayous.

Pine/Palmetto Flatwoods Community Longleafandslashpinescomprisethecanopycommunity,andthe understory contains saw palmetto and various grasses. This community is highly fire resistant and dependent upon frequent low-intensity fires to prevent invasion by hardwood species.

Mixed Pine/Hardwood Community This community occurs in upland pine/palmetto flatwood areas where fires have been prevented for extended periods, permitting the invasionofhardwoodtreesintothecommunity.Inadditiontothepresenceofpineinthecanopy,liveoakandsweetgumarealsofoundinthiscommunity.

davis bayou ecosystem

The natural vegetation and wildlife existing in this habitat isdescribedontheGulf Islands National Seashore Mississippi� website:

�http://www.nps.gov/archive/guis/extended/MIS/indexMS.htm

SITE ANALYSIS

Lowland Hardwood Community The lowland hardwood community is found in landlocked depressions or swamps in tidal estuaries. These sites are subject to considerablelocalchangesinwaterlevelduringthegrowingseason.Frequent flooding by water with accumulated organic matter occurs in these areas. The dominant trees include ash, bay, maple, sweet gum andcypress. Organic matter from the Tidal Marsh community is washed by tides into bays and estuaries. The extensive tidal marshes located inmostsectionsofDavisBayouarehighlyproductive;however,verylittleoftheorganicmatterandnutrientsproducedinthemarshareactually utilized by marsh inhabitants. Rather the organic matter is washedbytidesintobaysandestuaries,whereitprovidesfoodformany marine animals. These organisms are the basis of the food chain intheproductiveestuaries. The marsh region of Davis Bayou is composed of two major species: saltmarsh cordgrass, which occurs in pure strands in the lowerormostsalineportionsofthemarsh,andblackrush,whichborders the former. The upper area of the saline marsh shows reductioninthesaltmarshcordgrasshabitatthroughadecreaseindensityandanincreaseinheightofblackrush.Brackishwaterplantspecies,suchassaltmarshgrassandbullrusharefoundintermixedwiththeblackrush.

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DESIGN INTENT

Becausethevisitorscenterisaplacethatworkstoconnectthehumanwithhisenvironment,itmustnotonlybeanef-ficient source for learning about the environment, but must also maintain the environments integrity. Through the use of spatial phenomena and indiginous materials, the structurewill intertwine the interior and exterior environments. This meansthatthetwowillco-existasaphenomenallyconnectedidea, but a physically disconnected object. The ventila-tion/energy systems will be designed in order to efficiently achievemaximumhumancomfortandminimumenergyexpenditurethroughoutallmonthsoftheyear.

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Chapter 3. Occupancy Classification.

303.1 Assembly Group A.AssemblyGroupAoccupancyincludes,amongothers,theuseofabuildingorstructure,oraportionthereof,forthegatheringtogetherofpersonsforpurposessuchascivic,social,orreligiousfunctions,recreation,foodordrinkconsumptionorawaitingtransportation.Aroomorspaceusedforassemblypurposesbylessthan50personsandaccessorytoanotheroccupancyshallbeincludedasapartofthatoccu-pancy.

Chapter 5. General Building Heights and Areas.

503.1 General.The height and area for buildings of differentconstructiontypesshallbegovernedbytheintendeduseofthebuilding and shall not exceed the limits in Table 503 except as modified hereafter.Eachpartofabuildingincludedwithintheexteriorwallortheexterior walls and firewalls where provided shall be permitted to be a separatebuilding.

TABLE 503. Allowableheightandbuildingareas. maximum height. 44’ maximumnumberofstories. 3 allowable area per floor. 14,000 sq. ft

Chapter 6. Types of Construction.

602.1 General. Buildingsandstructureserectedortobeerected,alteredorextended in height or area shall be classified in one of the five construction types defied in Sections 602.2 through 602.5. The building elements shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that specified in Table 601 and exterior walls shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that specifired in Table 602.

602.3 Type III. Type III construction is that type of construction in which theexteriorwallsareofnoncombustiblematerialsandtheinteriorbuildingelementsareofanymaterialpermittedbythiscode.

TABLE 601. Fire-resistance rating requirements for building elements. [hours]

Structuralframe. includingcolumns,girders,andtrusses BearingWalls. exterior interior Nonbearing Walls and Partitions. Interior Floor Construction. Includingsupportingbeamsandjoists. Roof Construction. Includingsupportingbeamsandjoists.

Chapter 10: Means of Egress.

1003.2 Ceiling Height. The means of egress shall have a ceiling height of notlessthan7feet.

international building

code 2003

CODE ANALYSIS

1003.6 Means of Egress Continuity. The path of egress travel along a means of egressshallnotbeinterruptedbyanybuildingelementotherthanameansof egress component as specified in this chapter. Obstructions shall not be placed in the required width of a means of egress except projections permitted by this chapter. The required capacity of a means of egress systemshallnotbediminishedalongthepathofegresstravel.

1004.1 Design Occupant Load. In determining means of egress requirements, thenumberofoccupantsforwhommeansofegressfacilitiesshallbeprovidedshallbeestablishedbythelargestnumbercomputedinaccordancewith sections 1004.1.1 through 1004.1.3.

1004.1.2. Number by Table 1004.1.2. The number of occupants computed at the rate of one occupant per unit of area as prescribed in Table 1004.1.2.

Table 1004.1.2.MaximumFloorareaallowancesperoccupantAssembly without fixed seats. concentrated 7 sq. ft. [net]

1005.1 Minimum required egress width. The means of egress width shall not be less than required by this section. The total width of means of egress in inchesshallnotbelessthanthetotaloccupantloadservedbythemeansofegress mutliplied by the factors in Table 1005.1 and not less than specified elsewhere in this code. Multiple means of egress shall be sized such thatthelossofanyonemeansofegressshallnotreducetheavailable capacity to less than 50 percent of the required capacity. The maximum capacity required from any story of a building shall be maintained tothetemrinationofthemeansofegress.

Table 1005.1.Egresswidthperoccupantserved 0.2”

1015.1 Travel Distance Limitations.Exitsshallbesolocatedoneachstorysuchthatthemaximumlengthofexitaccesstravel,measuredfromthemostremotepointwithinastorytotheentrancetoanexitalongthenaturalandunobstructedpathofegresstravel,shallnotexcedthedistancesgiveninTable 1015.1.

Table 1015.1.Exitaccesstraveldistance.Occupancy A with sprinkler system 250’

1016.1. Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance withtable�0�6.�.

Table 1016.1. Corridor fire-resistance rating [hours]OccupancyAwithsprinklersystem 0

1016.2 Corridor Width. The minimum corridor width shall be determined in Section 1005.1, but not less than 44”.

1018.1 Minimum number of exits.Allroomsandspaceswithineachstoryshallbeprovidedwithandhaveaccesstotheminimumnumberofapprovedindependent exits as required by Table 1018.1 based on the occupant load.

Table 1018.1.Minimumnumberofexits Occupantloadof�-500 2

1019.1 Enclosures required. Interiorexitstairwaysandinteriorexitrampsshall be enclosed with fire barriers. Exit enclosures shall have a fire-resistanceratingofnotlessthan�hourwhereconnectinglessthanfourstories.Anexitenclosureshallnotbeusedforanypurposeotherthanmeansofegress.

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SS PREREQUISITE 1: Required. Construction Activity pollution Prevention

Intent: Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and airquality.

Requirements: Design a sediment and erosion control plan, specific to the site, that conforms to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Document No. EPA 832/R-92-005 (September 1992), Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Chapter 3, OR local erosion and sedimentation control standards and codes, whichever is more stringent. The plan shall meet the following objectives: •Prevent loss of soil during construction by stormwater runoff and/orwinderosion,includingprotectingtopsoilbystockpiling forreuse. •Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams. •Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Adoptanerosionandsedimentcontrolplan for the project site during construction. Consider employing strategies suchastemporaryandpermanentseeding,mulching,earthdikes,siltfencing,sedimenttrapsandsedimentbasins.

SS CREDIT 4.2: +1 PointAlternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms

Intent: Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Requirements:Forcommercialorinstitutionalbuildings,providesecurebicycle storage with convenient changing/shower facilities (within 200 yards of the building) for 5% or more of regular building occupants.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Design the building with transportation amenitiessuchasbicycleracksandshowering/changingfacilities.

SS CREDIT 4.3: +1 PointAlternative Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles

Intent: Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Requirements:OPTION 1 - Provide alternative fuel vehicles for 3% of building occupants AND provide preferred parking for these vehicles.

OPTION 2-Provide preferred parking for low-emitting and fuel efficient vehicles for 5% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site.

OPTION 3 - Install alternative-fuel refueling stations for 3% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site. Liquid or gaseous fueling facilities mustbeseparatelyventilatedorlocatedoutdoors.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Provide transportation amenities such asalternativefuelrefuelingstationsandcarpool/vanpoolprograms.Consider sharing the costs and benefits of refueling stations with neighbors.

s u s t a i n a b l e s i t e s

LEED CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST

SS CREDIT 5.1: +1 PointSite Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space

Intent: Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to providehabitatandpromotebiodiversity.

Requirements:OPTION 1 - On greenfield sites, limit site disturbance including earthwork and clearing of vegetation to 40 feet beyond the building perimeter, 5 feet beyondprimaryroadwaycurbs,walkwaysandmainutilitybranchtrenches,and25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable surfaces (such as pervious paving areas, storm water detention facilities and playing fields) that require additional staging areas in order to limit compaction in the constructedarea;

OPTION 2 - On previously developed sites, restore a minimum of 50% of the site area (excluding the building footprint) by replacing impervious surfaceswithnativeoradaptedvegetation.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: On greenfield sites, perform a site surveytoidentifysiteelementsandadoptamasterplanfordevelopmentofthe project site. Carefully site the building to minimize disruption to existing ecosystems and design the building to minimize its footprint.Strategies include staking the building program, tuck-under parking andsharingfacilitieswithneighbors.Establishclearlymarkedconstructionboundariestominimizedisturbanceoftheexistingsiteandrestorepreviouslydegradedareastotheirnaturalstate.Forpreviouslydevelopedsitesutilizelocalandregionalgovernmentalagencies,consultants,educational,facilities,andnativeplantsocietiesasresourcesforselection of appropriate native or adapted plant materials. Prohibit plant materialslistedasinvasiveornoxiousweedspecies.

SS CREDIT 5.2: +1 PointSite Development: Maximize Open Space

Intent: Provide a high ratio of open space to development footprint to promotebiodiversity.

Requirements:OPTION 1 - Reduce the development footprint (defined as the total area of the building footprint, hardscape, access roads and parking) and/or provide vegetated open space within the project boundary to exceed the local zoning’s open space requirement for the site by 25%.

OPTION 2 - For areas with no local zoning requirements (e.g., some university campuses, military bases), provide vegetated open space area adjacent to the building that is equal to the building footprint.

OPTION 3 - Where a zoning ordinance exists, but there is no requirement for open space (zero), provide vegetated open space equal to 20% of the project’s sitearea.

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ALL OPTIONS: • For projects located in urban areas that earn SS Credit 2, vegetatedroofareascancontributetocreditcompliance. • For projects located in urban areas that earn SS Credit 2, pedestrianorientedhardscapeareascancontributetocredit compliance. For such projects, a minimum of 25% of the open space countedmustbevegetated. •Wetlandsornaturallydesignedpondsmaycountasopenspaceif the side slope gradients average 1:4 (vertical: horizontal) or less andarevegetated.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Perform a site survey to identify site elementsandadoptamasterplanfordevelopmentoftheprojectsite.Selectasuitablebuildinglocationanddesignthebuildingwithaminimalfootprinttominimizesitedisruption.Strategiesincludestackingthebuildingprogram,tuck-underparkingandsharingfacilitieswithneighborstomaximizeopenspaceonthesite.

SS CREDIT 6.1: +1 PointStorm water Management: Treatment

Intent: Limit disruption of natural water flows by eliminating storm water runoff, increasing on-site infiltration and eliminating contaminants.

Requirements:CASE 1 — EXISTING IMPERVIOUSNESS IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 50%Implementastormwatermanagementplanthatpreventsthepost-development peak discharge rate and quantity from exceeding the pre-development peak discharge rate and quantity for the one and two year 24 hourdesignstorms.

Implementastormwatermanagementplanthatprotectsreceivingstreamchannelsfromexcessiveerosionbyimplementingastreamchannelprotectionstrategy and quantity control strategies.

CASE 2 — EXISTING IMPERVIOUSNESS IS GREATER THAN 50%Implement a storm water management plan that results in a 25% decrease in the volume of storm water runoff from the two-year 24-hour design storm.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Design mechanical or natural treatment systems such as constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips and bio-swales to treat the site’s storm water.

SS CREDIT 7.2: +1 PointLight Pollution Reduction

Intent:Eliminatelighttrespassfromthebuildingandsite,improvenightskyaccessandreducedevelopmentimpactonnocturnalenvironments.

Requirements:OPTION 1 - Use roofing materials having a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)3 equal to or greater than the values in the table below for a minimum of 75% of the roofsurface.

OPTION 2 - Install a vegetated roof for at least 50% of the roof area.

OPTION 3 - Install high albedo and vegetated roof surfaces that, in combination, meet the following criteria: (Area of SRI Roof / 0.75) + (Area of vegetated roof / 0.5) >= Total Roof Area

s u s t a i n a b l e s i t e s


Roof Type Slope SRI

Low-Sloped Roof ≤ 2:12 78

Steep-sloped Roof > 2:12 29

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Adopt site lighting criteria to ztmaintainsafelightlevelswhileavoidingoff-sitelightingandnightskypollution.Minimizesitelightingwherepossibleandmodelthesitelighting using a computer model. Technologies to reduce light pollution include full cutoff luminaries, low-reflectance surfaces and low-angle spotlights.

3 The Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) is a measure of the constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. It is defined so that a standard black (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100. To calculate the SRI for a given material, obtain the reflectance value and emittance value for the material. SRI is calculated according to ASTM E 1980. Reflectance is measured according to ASTM E 903, ASTM E 1918, or ASTM C 1549. Emittance is measured according to ASTM E 408 or ASTM C 1371.

SS CREDIT 8: +1 PointLight Pollution Reduction

Intent: Minimize light trespass from the building and site, reduce sky-glow toincreasenightskyaccess,improvenighttimevisibilitythroughglarereduction,andreducedevelopmentimpactonnocturnalenvironments.

Requirements:FOR INTERIOR LIGHTING - The angle of maximum candela from each interior luminaire as located in the building shall intersect opaque building interiorsurfacesandnotexitoutthroughthewindows.ORAll non-emergency interior lighting shall be automatically controlled toturn off during non-business hours. Provide manual override capability for afterhoursuse.ANDFOR EXTERIOR LIGHTING - Only light areas as required for safety and comfort. Do not exceed 80% of the lighting power densities for exterior areas and 50% for building facades and landscape features as defined in ASHRAE/IESNA Stan-dard 90.1-2004, Exterior Lighting Section, without amendments. All projects shall be classified under one of the following zones, as defined in IESNA RP-33, and shall follow all of the requirements for that specific zone:

LZ1 — Dark (Park and Rural Settings): Design exterior lighting so that all siteandbuildingmountedluminairesproduceamaximuminitialilluminancevaluenogreaterthan0.0�horizontalandverticalfootcandlesatthesiteboundary and beyond. Document that 0% of the total initial designed fixture lumens are emitted at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down).

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Adopt site lighting criteria to maintainsafelightlevelswhileavoidingoff-sitelightingandnightskypollution.Minimizesitelightingwherepossibleandmodelthesitelighting using a computer model. Technologies to reduce light pollution include full cutoff luminaires, low-reflectance surfaces and low-angle spotlights.

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WE CREDIT 1.1: +1 PointWater Efficient Landscaping: Reduce by 50%

Intent: Limit or eliminate the use of potable water, or other natural surfaceorsubsurfacewaterresourcesavailableonorneartheprojectsite,forlandscapeirrigation.

Requirements: Reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% from a calculated mid-summer baseline case. Reductions shall be attributed to any combination of the following items: • Plant species factor • Irrigation efficiency •Useofcapturedrainwater •Useofrecycledwastewater • Use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically fornon-potableuses

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Perform a soil/climate analysis to determineappropriatelandscapetypesanddesignthelandscapewithindigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. Use high-efficiency irrigation systems and consider using stormwater and/or greywater forirrigation.

WE CREDIT 1.2: +1 Pointin addition to WE Credit 1.1Water Efficient Landscaping: No Potable Water use or No Irrigation

Intent: Eliminate the use of potable water, or other natural surface or sub-surfacewaterresourcesavailableonorneartheprojectsite,forlandscapeirrigation.

Requirements: Achieve WE Credit 1.1.and use only captured rainwater, recycledwastewater,recycledgreywater,orwatertreatedandconveyedbyapublic agency specifically for non-potable uses for irrigation.ORInstall landscaping that does not require permanent irrigation systems. Temporary irrigation systems used for plant establishment are allowed only ifremovedwithinoneyearofinstallation.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Perform a soil/climate analysis to determine appropriate landscape types and design the landscape withindigenous plants to reduce or eliminate irrigation requirements. Consider usingstormwater,greywater,and/orcondensatewaterforirrigation.

WE CREDIT 2: +1 PointInnovative Wastewater Technologies

Intent: Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand, while increasing the local aquifer recharge.

Requirements:OPTION 1 - Reduce potable water use for building sewage conveyance by 50% through the use of water conserving fixtures (water closets, urinals) or non-potable water (captured rainwater, recycled grey water, and on-site or municipally treated wastewater).

OPTION 2 - Treat 50% of wastewater on-site to tertiary standards. Treated water must be infiltrated or used on-site.

w a t e r e f f i c i e n c y


Potential Technologies & Strategies: Specify high-efficiency fixtures and dry fixtures such as composting toilet systems and non-water using urinals to reduce wastewater volumes. Consider reusing storm water or grey water for sewage conveyance or on-site wastewater treatment systems (mechanical and/or natural). Options for on-site wastewater treatment include packaged biologicalnutrientremovalsystems,constructedwetlands,andhigh-efficiency filtration systems.

WE CREDIT 3.2: +1 Point in addition to WE Credit 3.1Water Use Reduction: 30% Reduction

Intent: Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipalwatersupplyandwastewatersystems.

Requirements: Employ strategies that in aggregate use 30% less water than the water use baseline calculated for the building (not including irrigation) after meeting the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance requirements. Calculations are based on estimated occupant usage and shall include only the following fixtures (as applicable to the building): water closets,urinals,lavatoryfaucets,showersandkitchensinks.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Use high-efficiency fixtures, dry fixtures such as composting toilets and terless urinals, and occupant sensors to reduce the potable water demand. Consider reuse of storm water and greywaterfornon-potableapplicationssuchastoiletandurinalflushing, mechanical systems and custodial uses.

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EA PREREQUISITE 2: RequiredMinimum Energy Performance

Intent: Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed buildingandsystems.

Requirements: Design the building project to comply with both— • the mandatory provisions (Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4) of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (without amendments); and • the prescriptive requirements (Sections 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 9.5) or performance requirements (Section 11) of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (without amendments).

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Design the building envelope, HVAC, lighting, and other systems to maximize energy performance. The ASHRAE 90.1-2004 User’s Manual contains worksheets that can be used to document compliance with this prerequisite. For projects pursuing points under EA Credit 1, the computer simulation model may be used to confirm satisfaction of this prerequisite. If a local code has demonstrated quantitative and textual equivalence following, at a minimum, the U.S. Department of Energy standard processforcommercialenergycodedetermination,thenitmaybeusedtosatisfy this prerequisite in lieu of ASHRAE 90.1-2004. Details on the DOE processforcommercialenergycodedeterminationcanbefoundatwww.energycodes.gov/implement/determinations_com.stm.

EA CREDIT 1: +1–10 PointsOptimize Energy Performance

Intent:Achieveincreasinglevelsofenergyperformanceabovethebaselinein the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental and economic impacts associatedwithexcessiveenergyuse.

Requirements: Selectoneofthethreecompliancepathoptionsdescribedbelow. Project teams documenting achievement using any of the three options are assumed to be in compliance with EA Prerequisite 2.

OPTION 1 — WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION (1–10 Points)Demonstrateapercentageimprovementintheproposedbuildingperformancerating compared to the baseline building performance rating per ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (without amendments) by a whole building project simulation using the Building Performance Rating Method in Appendix G of the Standard. The minimum energy cost savings percentage for each point threshold is as follows:

New Buildings ExistingBuilding Renovations Points

10.5% 3.5% �

14% 7% 2

17.5% 10.5% 3

21% 14% 4

24.5% 17.5% 5

28% 21% 6

31.5% 24.5% 7

35% 28% 8

38.5% 31.5% 9

energy and atmosphere


Appendix G of Standard 90.1-2004 requires that the energy analysis done for the Building Performance Rating Method include ALL of the energy costs within and associated with the building project. To achieve points using this credit, the proposed design—• must comply with the mandatory provisions (Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4) in Standard 90.1-2004 (without amendments);•mustincludealltheenergycostswithinandassociatedwiththe buildingproject;and•mustbecomparedagainstabaselinebuildingthatcomplieswithAppendixGto Standard 90.1-2004 (without amendments). The default process energy cost is 25% of the total energy cost for the baseline building. For buildings where the process energy cost is less than 25% of the baseline buildingenergycost,theLEEDsubmittalmustincludesupportingdocumentationsubstantiatingthatprocessenergyinputsareappropriate.Forthepurposeofthisanalysis,processenergyisconsideredtoinclude,butis not limited to, office and general miscellaneous equipment, computers, elevators and escalators, kitchen cooking and refrigeration,laundrywashinganddrying,lightingexemptfromthelightingpowerallowance (e.g. lighting integral to medical equipment) and other (e.g. waterfall pumps). Regulated (non process) energy includes lighting (such asfortheinterior,parkinggarage,surfaceparking,façade,orbuildinggrounds, except as noted above), HVAC (such as for space heating, space cool-ing,fans,pumps,toiletexhaust,parkinggarageventilation,kitchenhoodexhaust, etc.), and service water heating for domestic or space heating purposes. For EA Credit 1, process loads shall be identical for both thebaselinebuildingperformanceratingandfortheproposedbuilding performance rating. However, project teams may follow the Exceptional Calculation Method (ASHRAE 90.1-2004 G2.5) to document measures that reduce process loads. Documentation of process load energy savingsshallincludealistoftheassumptionsmadeforboththebaseandproposeddesign,andtheoreticalorempiricalinformationsupportingtheseassumptions.

OPTION 2 — PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH (4 Points)Comply with the prescriptive measures of the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings 2004. The following restrictions apply:• Buildings must be under 20,000 square feet• Buildings must be office occupancy• Project teams must fully comply with all applicable criteria as establishedintheAdvancedEnergyDesignGuidefortheclimatezoneinwhichthebuildingislocated

OPTION 3 — PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH (1 Point)Comply with the Basic Criteria and Prescriptive Measures of the Advanced BuildingsBenchmark™Version�.�withtheexceptionofthefollowingsections: 1.7 Monitoring and Trend-logging, 1.11 Indoor Air Quality, and 1.14 Networked Computer Monitor Control. The following restrictions apply:• Project teams must fully comply with all applicable criteria as establishedinAdvancedBuildingsBenchmarkfortheclimatezoneinwhichthebuildingislocated.

Potential Technologies & Strategies:Designthebuildingenvelopeandsystemstomaximizeenergyperformance.Useacomputersimulationmodeltoassessthe energy performance and identify the most cost-effective energy efficiency measures. Quantify energy performance as compared to a baseline building. If a local code has demonstrated quantitative and textual equivalence following,ataminimum,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergystandardprocessforcommercialenergycodedetermination,thentheresultsofthatanalysismaybe used to correlate local code performance with ASHRAE 90.1- 2004. Details on the DOE process for commercial energy code determination can be found at: www.energycodes.gov/implement/determinations_com.stm.

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EA CREDIT 2: +1–3 Points On-Site Renewable Energy

Intent: Encourageandrecognizeincreasinglevelsofon-siterenewableenergyself-supplyinordertoreduceenvironmentalandeconomicimpactsassociatedwithfossilfuelenergyuse.

Requirements:Useon-siterenewableenergysystemstooffsetbuildingenergy cost. Calculate project performance by expressing the energy producedbytherenewablesystemsasapercentageofthebuildingannualenergy cost and using the table below to determine the number of pointsachieved. Use the building annual energy cost calculated in EA Credit 1 or use the Department of Energy (DOE) Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) database to determine the estimated electricity use. (Table of use for different building types is provided in the Reference Guide.)

% Renewable Energy Points

2.5% �

7.5% 2

12.5% 3

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Assesstheprojectfornon-pollutingandrenewableenergypotentialincludingsolar,wind,geothermal,low-impacthydro,biomassandbio-gasstrategies.Whenapplyingthesestrategies,takeadvantageofnetmeteringwiththelocalutility.

EA Credit 4: +1 PointEnhanced Refrigerant Management

Intent: Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to global warming.

Requirements:OPTION 1 - Do not use refrigerants.

OPTION 2 - Select refrigerants and HVAC&R that minimize or eliminate the emissionofcompoundsthatcontributetoozonedepletionandglobalwarming.The base building HVAC&R equipment shall comply with the following formula, whichsetsamaximumthresholdforthecombinedcontributionstoozonedepletion and global warming potential:LCGWP + LCODP x 105 ≤ 100Where:LCODP = [ODPr x (Lr x Life +Mr) x Rc]/LifeLCGWP = [GWPr x (Lr x Life +Mr) x Rc]/LifeLCODP: Lifecycle Ozone Depletion Potential (lbCFC11/Ton-Year)LCGWP: Lifecycle Direct Global Warming Potential (lbCO2/Ton-Year)GWPr: Global Warming Potential of Refrigerant (0 to 12,000 lbCO2/lbr)ODPr: Ozone Depletion Potential of Refrigerant (0 to 0.2 lbCFC11/lbr)Lr: Refrigerant Leakage Rate (0.5% to 2.0%; default of 2% unless otherwise demonstrated)Mr: End-of-life Refrigerant Loss (2% to 10%; default of 10% unless otherwise demonstrated)Rc: Refrigerant Charge (0.5 to 5.0 lbs of refrigerant per ton of cooling capacity)

energy and atmosphere


Life: Equipment Life (10 years; default based on equipment type, unless otherwise demonstrated)For multiple types of equipment, a weighted average of all base building level HVAC&R equipment shall be applied using the following formula:[ ∑ (LCGWP + LCODP x 105) x Qunit ] / Qtotal ≤ 100Where:Qunit = Cooling capacity of an individual HVAC or refrigeration unit (Tons)Qtotal = Total cooling capacity of all HVAC or refrigerationSmall HVAC units (defined as containing less than 0.5 lbs of refrigerant), and other equipment such as standard refrigerators, small water coolers, and any other cooling equipment that contains less than 0.5 lbs of refrigerant, are not considered part of the “base building” system and are not subject to the requirements of this credit. AND Do not install fire suppression systems that contain ozone-depleting substances (CFCs, HCFCs or Halons).

Potential Technologies & Strategies:Designandoperatethefacilitywithoutmechanical cooling and refrigeration equipment. Where mechanical cooling is used, utilize base building HVAC and refrigeration systems for the refrig-erationcyclethatminimizedirectimpactonozonedepletionandglobalwarm-ing. Select HVAC&R equipment with reduced refrigerant charge and increased equipment life. Maintain equipment to prevent leakage of refrigerant to the atmosphere. Utilize fire suppression systems that do not contain HCFCs or Halons.

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MR PREREQUISITE 1: RequiredStorage & Collection of Recyclables

Intent:Facilitatethereductionofwastegeneratedbybuildingoccupantsthat is hauled to and disposed of in landfills.

Requirements: Provide an easily accessible area that serves the entire buildingandisdedicatedtothecollectionandstorageofnon-hazardousmaterials for recycling, including (at a minimum) paper, corrugated card-board,glass,plasticsandmetals.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Coordinate the size and functionality oftherecyclingareaswiththeanticipatedcollectionservicesforglass,plastic, office paper, newspaper, cardboard and organic wastes to maximize the effectiveness of the dedicated areas. Consider employing cardboard balers,aluminumcancrushers,recyclingchutesandcollectionbinsatindividualworkstationstofurtherenhancetherecyclingprogram.

MR CREDIT 2.1: +1 PointConstruction Waste Management: Divert 50% From Disposal

Intent: Divert construction, demolition and land-clearing debris from disposal in landfills and incinerators. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriatesites.

Requirements: Recycle and/or salvage at least 50% of non-hazardous construction and demolition debris. Develop and implement a constructionwaste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be divertedfromdisposalandwhetherthematerialswillbesortedon-siteorco-mingled. Excavated soil and land-clearing debris do not contribute tothis credit. Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistentthroughout.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Establish goals for diversion from disposal in landfills and incinerators and adopt a construction waste management plan to achieve these goals. Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick,acousticaltile,concrete,plastic,cleanwood,glass,gypsumwall-board, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area(s) on the constructionsiteforsegregatedorco-mingledcollectionofrecyclablematerials,andtrackrecyclingeffortsthroughouttheconstructionprocess.Identifyconstructionhaulersandrecyclerstohandlethedesignatedmaterials. Note that diversion may include donation of materials to charitableorganizationsandsalvageofmaterialson-site.

MR CREDIT 2.2: +1 Point in addition to MR Credit 2.1Construction Waste Management: Divert 75% From Disposal

Intent: Divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incinerators. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites.

Requirements: Recycle and/or salvage an additional 25% beyond MR Credit 2.1 (75% total) of non-hazardous construction and demolition debris. Excavated soilandland-clearingdebrisdonotcontributetothiscredit.Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent through-out.

materials and resources


Potential Technologies & Strategies: Establish goals for diversion from disposal in landfills and incinerators and adopt a construction waste management plan to achieve these goals. Consider recycling cardboard, metal,brick,acousticaltile,concrete,plastic,cleanwood,glass,gypsumwallboard, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area(s) on the constructionsiteforsegregatedorcommingledcollectionofrecyclablematerials,andtrackrecyclingeffortsthroughouttheconstructionprocess.Identifyconstructionhaulersandrecyclerstohandlethedesignatedmaterials. Note that diversion may include donation of materials to charitableorganizationsandsalvageofmaterialson-site.

MR CREDIT 5.1: +1 PointRegional Materials: 10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally

Intent:Increasedemandforbuildingmaterialsandproductsthatareextractedandmanufacturedwithintheregion,therebysupportingtheuseofindigenousresourcesandreducingtheenvironmentalimpactsresultingfromtransportation.

Requirements:Usebuildingmaterialsorproductsthathavebeenextracted,harvestedorrecovered,aswellasmanufactured,within500milesoftheproject site for a minimum of 10% (based on cost) of the total materials value.Ifonlyafractionofaproductormaterialisextracted/harvested/recovered and manufactured locally, then only that percentage (by weight) shallcontributetotheregionalvalue.Mechanical,electricalandplumbingcomponents and specialty items such as elevators and equipment shall not be includedinthiscalculation.Onlyincludematerialspermanentlyinstalledintheproject.Furnituremaybeincluded,providingitisincludedconsistently in MR Credits 3–7.

Potential Technologies & Strategies:Establishaprojectgoalforlocallysourcedmaterials,andidentifymaterialsandmaterialsuppliersthatcanachieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed. Consider a range of environmental, economic and performanceattributeswhenselectingproductsandmaterials.

MR CREDIT 5.2: +1 Point in addition to MR Credit 5.1Regional Materials: 20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally

Intent: Increase demand for building materials and products that are extractedandmanufacturedwithintheregion,therebysupportingtheuseofindigenousresourcesandreducingtheenvironmentalimpactsresultingfromtransportation.

Requirements: Usebuildingmaterialsorproductsthathavebeenextracted,harvestedorrecovered,aswellasmanufactured,within500milesoftheproject site for an additional 10% beyond MR Credit 5.1 (total of 20%, based on cost) of the total materials value. If only a fraction of the material is extracted/harvested/recovered and manufactured locally, thenonly that percentage (by weight) shall contribute to the regional value.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers that canachieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed. Consider a range of environmental, economic and performanceattributes.

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MR CREDIT 6: +1 Point Rapidly Renewable Materials

Intent: Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewablematerialsbyreplacingthemwithrapidlyrenewablematerials.

Requirements: Use rapidly renewable building materials and products (made fromplantsthataretypicallyharvestedwithinaten-yearcycleorshorter) for 2.5% of the total value of all building materials and products usedintheproject,basedoncost.

Potential Technologies & Strategies:Establishaprojectgoalforrapidlyrenewable materials and identify products and suppliers that can supportachievement of this goal. Consider materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation, agrifiber, linoleum, wheatboard, strawboard and cork. During construction, ensure that the specified renewable materials are installed.

MR CREDIT 7: +1 PointCertified Wood

Intent:Encourageenvironmentallyresponsibleforestmanagement.

Requirements: Use a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials and products, which are certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council’s (FSC) Principles and Criteria, for wood building components. These componentsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,structuralframingandgeneraldimensional framing, flooring, sub-flooring, wood doors and finishes. Only includematerialspermanentlyinstalledintheproject.Furnituremaybeincluded, providing it is included consistently in MR Credits 3–7.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: EstablishaprojectgoalforFSC-certified wood products and identify suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the FSC-certified wood products are installed and quantify the total percentage of FSC-certified wood products installed.

materials and resourcesenvironmental quality


EQ PREREQUISITE 1: RequiredMinimum IAQ Performance

Intent: Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-beingoftheoccupants.

Requirements: Meet the minimum requirements of Sections 4 through 7 of ASHRAE 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Mechanical ventilation systems shall be designed using the Ventilation Rate Procedure or the applicable local code, whichever is more stringent. Naturally ventilated buildings shall comply with ASHRAE 62.1-2004, paragraph 5.1.

Potential Technologies & Strategies:Designventilationsystemstomeetorexceed the minimum outdoor air ventilation rates as described in the ASHRAE standard.Balancetheimpactsofventilationratesonenergyuseandindoorair quality to optimize for energy efficiency and occupant health. Use the ASHRAE 62 Users Manual for detailed guidance on meeting the referenced requirements.

EQ PREREQUISITE 2: RequiredEnvironmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

Intent:Minimizeexposureofbuildingoccupants,indoorsurfaces,andventilation air distribution systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS).

Requirements:OPTION 1 - • Prohibit smoking in the building.•Locateanyexteriordesignatedsmokingareasatleast25feetawayfromentries,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindows.

OPTION 2 - • Prohibit smoking in the building except in designated smoking areas.•Locateanyexteriordesignatedsmokingareasatleast25feetawayfromentries,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindows.•Locatedesignatedsmokingroomstoeffectivelycontain,captureandremoveETS from the building. At a minimum, the smoking room must be directly exhausted to the outdoors with no re-circulation of ETS-containing air to thenon-smokingareaofthebuilding,andenclosedwithimpermeabledeck-to-deckpartitions.Withthedoorstothesmokingroomclosed,operateexhaustsufficient to create a negative pressure with respect to the adjacent spaces of at least an average of 5 Pa (0.02 inches of water gauge) and with a minimum of 1 Pa (0.004 inches of water gauge).• Performance of the smoking room differential air pressures shall be verified by conducting 15 minutes of measurement, with a minimum of one measurementevery�0seconds,ofthedifferentialpressureinthesmokingroomwithrespecttoeachadjacentareaandineachadjacentverticalchasewith the doors to the smoking room closed. The testing will be conducted with each space configured for worst case conditions of transport of air from the smoking rooms to adjacent spaces with the smoking rooms’ doors closed to the adjacentspaces.

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OPTION 3 (For residential buildings only)• Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building.•Locateanyexteriordesignatedsmokingareasatleast25feetawayfromentries,outdoorairintakesandoperablewindowsopeningtocommonareas.• Minimize uncontrolled pathways for ETS transfer between individual residential units by sealing penetrations in walls, ceilings and floors in the residentialunits,andbysealingverticalchasesadjacenttotheunits.•Alldoorsintheresidentialunitsleadingtocommonhallwaysshallbeweather-strippedtominimizeairleakageintothehallway.•Ifthecommonhallwaysarepressurizedwithrespecttotheresidentialunitsthendoorsintheresidentialunitsleadingtothecommonhallwaysneednotbeweather-strippedprovidedthatthepositivedifferentialpressureisdemonstratedasinOption2above,consideringtheresidentialunitasthesmokingroom.Acceptablesealingofresidentialunitsshallbedemonstrated by a blower door test conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASTM-E779-03, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate By Fan Pressurization, AND use the progressive sampling methodology defined in Chapter 4 (Compliance Through Quality Construction) of the Residential Manual for Compliance with California’s 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards (www.energy.ca.gov/title24/residential_manual). Residential units must demonstrate less than 1.25 square inches leakage area per 100 square feet of enclosure area (i.e. sum of allwall, ceiling and floor areas).

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Prohibit smoking in commercial buildingsoreffectivelycontroltheventilationairinsmokingrooms.Forresidentialbuildings,prohibitsmokingincommonareas,designbuildingenvelope and systems to minimize ETS transfer among dwelling units.

EQ CREDIT 1: +1 PointOutdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

Intent: Provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupantcomfortandwellbeing.

Requirements:Installpermanentmonitoringsystemsthatprovidefeedbackonventilationsystemperformancetoensurethatventilationsystemsmaintaindesign minimum ventilation requirements. Configure all monitoring equipment to generate an alarm when the conditions vary by 10% or more from setpoint, viaeitherabuildingautomationsystemalarmtothebuildingoperatororviaavisualoraudiblealerttothebuildingoccupants.

FOR MECHANICALLY VENTILATED SPACES•Monitorcarbondioxideconcentrationswithinalldenselyoccupiedspaces(those with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 sq.ft.). CO2 monitoring locations shall be between 3 feet and 6 feet above the floor.•Foreachmechanicalventilationsystemservingnon-denselyoccupiedspaces, provide a direct outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring the minimum outdoor airflow rate with an accuracy of plus or minus 15% of the design minimum outdoor air rate, as defined by ASHRAE 62.1-2004.

FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED SPACESMonitor CO2 concentrations within all naturally ventilated spaces. CO2 monitoringshallbelocatedwithintheroombetween3feetand6feetabovethe floor. One CO2 sensor may be used to represent multiple spaces if the natural ventilation design uses passive stack(s) or other means to induce airflow through those spaces equally and simultaneously without intervention bybuildingoccupants.

environmental quality


Potential Technologies & Strategies: Install carbon dioxide and airflow measurement equipment and feed the information to the HVAC system and/or Building Automation System (BAS) to trigger corrective action, if applicable.Ifsuchautomaticcontrolsarenotfeasiblewiththebuildingsystems, use the measurement equipment to trigger alarms that inform building operators or occupants of a possible deficiency in outdoor air delivery.

EQ CREDIT 2: +1 PointIncreased Ventilation

Intent: Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well-being and productivity.

Requirements:FOR MECHANICALLY VENTILATED SPACES• Increase breathing zone outdoor air ventilation rates to all occupiedspaces by at least 30% above the minimum rates required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 as determined by EQ Prerequisite 1.

FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED SPACESDesignnaturalventilationsystemsforoccupiedspacestomeettherecommendations set forth in the Carbon Trust “Good Practice Guide 237” [1998]. Determine that natural ventilation is an effective strategy for the project by following the flow diagram process shown in Figure 1.18 of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Applications Manual 10: 2005, Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings. AND•Usediagramsandcalculationstoshowthatthedesignofthenaturalventilation systems meets the recommendations set forth in the CIBSE Applications Manual 10: 2005, Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings.OR•Useamacroscopic,multi-zone,analyticmodeltopredictthatroom-by-roomairflows will effectively naturally ventilate, defined as providing the minimum ventilation rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Chapter 6, for at least 90% of occupied spaces.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: For Mechanically ventilated Spaces: Use heatrecovery,whereappropriate,tominimizetheadditionalenergyconsumptionassociatedwithhigherventilationrates.FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED SPACES - Follow the eight design steps described in the Carbon Trust Good Practice Guide 237 – 1) Develop design requirements, 2) Plan airflow paths, 3) Identify building uses and features that might require special attention, 4) Determine ventilation requirements, 5) Estimate external driving pressures, 6) Select types of ventilation devices, 7) Size ventilation devices, 8) Analyze the design. Use public domain software such as NIST’s CONTAM, Multizone Modeling Software, along with LoopDA, Natural Ventilation Sizing Tool, to analytically predict room-by-room airflows.

EQ CREDIT 3.1: +1 PointConstruction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction

Intent: Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovationprocessinordertohelpsustainthecomfortandwell-beingofconstructionworkersandbuildingoccupants.

33


Requirements: Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building as follows:• During construction meet or exceed the recommended Control Measures of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3.• Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage.•Ifpermanentlyinstalledairhandlersareusedduringconstruction,filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 8 shall be used at each return air grille, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999. Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Adopt an IAQ management plan to protect the HVAC system during construction, control pollutant sources and interrupt contamination pathways. Sequence the installation of materials to avoidcontaminationofabsorptivematerialssuchasinsulation,carpeting, ceiling tile and gypsum wallboard. Coordinate with Indoor Environmental Quality Credits 3.2 and 5 to determine the appropriate specifications and schedules for filtration media. If possible, avoid using permanentlyinstalledairhandlersfortemporaryheating/coolingduringconstruction. Consult the LEED-NC v2.2 Reference Guide for more detailed information on how to ensure the well-being of construction workers andbuildingoccupantsifpermanentlyinstalledairhandlersmustbeusedduringconstruction.

EQ Credit 4.4: +1 PointLow-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products

Intent: Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritatingand/orharmfultothecomfortandwell-beingofinstallersandoccupants.

Requirements: Composite wood and agrifiber products used on the interior of the building (defined as inside of the weatherproofing system) shall contain noaddedurea-formaldehyderesins.Laminatingadhesivesusedtofabricateon-site and shop-applied composite wood and agrifiber assemblies shall contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins. Composite wood and agrifiber products are defined as: particleboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), plywood,wheatboard,strawboard,panelsubstratesanddoorcores.Materialsconsidered fit-out, furniture, and equipment (FF&E) are not considered base buildingelementsandarenotincluded.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Specify wood and agrifiber products that containnoaddedurea-formaldehyderesins.Specifylaminatingadhesives for field and shop applied assemblies that contain no added ureaformaldehyderesins.

EQ CREDIT 6.1: +1 Point Controllability of Systems: Lighting

Intent: Provide a high level of lighting system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e. classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of buildingoccupants.



Requirements: Provide individual lighting controls for 90% (minimum) of the buildingoccupantstoenableadjustmentstosuitindividualtaskneedsandpreferences.ANDProvide lighting system controllability for all shared multi-occupant spacestoenablelightingadjustmentthatmeetsgroupneedsandpreferences.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Design the building with occupant controlsforlighting.Strategiestoconsiderincludelightingcontrolsandtasklighting.Integratelightingsystemscontrollabilityintotheoveralllighting design, providing ambient and task lighting while managing theoverallenergyuseofthebuilding.

EQ CREDIT 6.2: +1 Point Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort

Intent: Provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e. classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-beingofbuildingoccupants.

Requirements: Provide individual comfort controls for 50% (minimum) of the buildingoccupantstoenableadjustmentstosuitindividualtaskneedsandpreferences.Operablewindowscanbeusedinlieuofcomfortcontrolsforoccupantsofareasthatare20feetinsideofand�0feettoeithersideofthe operable part of the window. The areas of operable window must meet the requirements of ASHRAE 62.1-2004 paragraph 5.1 Natural Ventilation.ANDProvide comfort system controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable adjustments to suit group needs and preferences. Conditions for thermal comfort are described in ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 to include the primaryfactorsofairtemperature,radianttemperature,airspeedandhumidity. Comfort system control for the purposes of this credit is defined astheprovisionofcontroloveratleastoneoftheseprimaryfactorsinthe occupant’s local environment.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Design the building and systems with comfortcontrolstoallowadjustmentstosuitindividualneedsorthoseofgroups in shared spaces. ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 identifies the factors of thermalcomfortandaprocessfordevelopingcomfortcriteriaforbuildingspacesthatsuittheneedsoftheoccupantsinvolvedintheirdailyactivities. Control strategies can be developed to expand on the comfort criteria to allow adjustments to suit individual needs and preferences.These may involve system designs incorporating operable windows, hybrid systemsintegratingoperablewindowsandmechanicalsystems,ormechanical systems alone. Individual adjustments may involve individualthermostat controls, local diffusers at floor, desk or overhead levels, or controlofindividualradiantpanels,or other means integrated into theoverall building, thermal comfort systems, and energy systems design. Inaddition,designersshouldevaluatethecloselytiedinteractionsbetweenthermal comfort (as required by ASHRAE Standard 55-2004) and acceptable indoor air quality (as required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, whether natural or mechanical ventilation).

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EQ CREDIT 7.1: +1 PointThermal Comfort: Design

Intent: Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivityandwell-beingofbuildingoccupants.

Requirements: Design HVAC systems and the building envelope to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy. Demonstrate design compliance in accordance with the Section6.�.�Documentation.

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Establish comfort criteria per ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 that support the desired quality and occupant satisfaction withbuildingperformance.Designbuildingenvelopeandsystemswiththecapabilitytodeliverperformancetothecomfortcriteriaunderexpectedenvironmentalanduseconditions.Evaluateairtemperature,radianttemperature,airspeed,andrelativehumidityinanintegratedfashionandcoordinate these criteria with EQ Prerequisite 1, EQ Credit 1, and EQ Credit 2.

EQ CREDIT 8.1: +1 PointDaylight & Views: Daylight 75% of Spaces

Intent: Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spac-esandtheoutdoorsthroughtheintroductionofdaylightandviewsintotheregularlyoccupiedareasofthebuilding.

Requirements:OPTION 1 — CALCULATION: Achieve a minimum glazing factor of 2% in a minimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areas. The glazing factor is calculated as follows:Glazing Factor = Window Area (sf)/Floor Area (sf) x Window Geometry Factor x Actual Tvis/Minimum Tvis x Window Height Factor.

OPTION 2 — SIMULATION: Demonstrate, through computer simulation, that a minimumdaylightilluminationlevelof25footcandleshasbeenachievedinaminimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areas. Modeling must demonstrate 25 horizontalfootcandlesunderclearskyconditions,atnoon,ontheequinox, at 30 inches above the floor.

OPTION 3 — MEASUREMENT: Demonstrate, through records of indoor light measurements,thataminimumdaylightilluminationlevelof25footcandleshas been achieved in at least 75% of all regularly occupied areas. Measurementsmustbetakenona�0-footgridforalloccupiedspacesandmustbe recorded on building floor plans. In all cases, only the square footage associatedwiththeportionsofroomsorspacesmeetingtheminimum illumination requirements can be applied towards the 75% of total area calculation required to qualify for this credit. In all cases, providedaylightredirectionand/orglarecontroldevicestoavoidhigh-contrastsituationsthatcouldimpedevisualtasks.Exceptionsforareaswheretaskswouldbehinderedbytheuseofdaylightwillbeconsideredontheirmerits.

Potential Technologies & Strategies:Designthebuildingtomaximizeinteriordaylighting.Strategiestoconsiderincludebuildingorientation,shallow floor plates, increased building perimeter, exterior and interior permanentshadingdevices,highperformanceglazingandautomaticphotocell-based controls. Predict daylight factors via manual calculations ormodeldaylightingstrategieswithaphysicalorcomputermodeltoassessfootcandlelevelsanddaylightfactorsachieved.



EQ CREDIT 8.2: +1 PointDaylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces

Intent: Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spacesandtheoutdoorsthroughtheintroductionofdaylightandviewsintotheregularlyoccupiedareasofthebuilding.

Requirements:Achievedirectlineofsighttotheoutdoorenvironmentviavision glazing between 2’6” and 7’6” above finish floor for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas. Determine the area with direct line of sight by totaling the regularly occupied square footage that meets the following criteria:•Inplanview,theareaiswithinsightlinesdrawnfromperimetervisionglazing.•Insectionview,adirectsightlinecanbedrawnfromtheareatoperimetervisionglazing.Lineofsightmaybedrawnthroughinteriorglazing. For private offices, the entire square footage of the office can be counted if 75% or more of the area has direct line of sight to perimeter vision glazing. For multi-occupant spaces, the actual square footage with directlineofsighttoperimetervisionglazingiscounted.

Potential Technologies & Strategies:Designthespacetomaximizedaylighting and view opportunities. Strategies to consider include lowerpartitionheights,interiorshadingdevices,interiorglazing,andautomaticphotocell-basedcontrols.

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ID CREDIT 1–1.4: +1–4 PointsInnovation in Design

Intent: To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded points for exceptional performance above the requirements set by the LEED-NC Green Building Rating System and/or innovative performance in Green Building categories not specifically addressed by the LEED-NC Green Building Rating System.

Requirements:Credit 1.1 (1 point) In writing, identify the intent of the proposed innovation credit, the proposed requirement for compliance, the proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance, and the design approach (strategies) that might be used to meet the requirements.Credit 1.2 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1Credit 1.3 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1Credit 1.4 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1

Potential Technologies & Strategies: Substantially exceed a LEED-NC performance credit such as energy performance or water efficiency. Apply strategiesormeasuresthatdemonstrateacomprehensiveapproachandquantifiable environment and/or health benefits.

TOTAL POSSIBLE: +/-30 POINTS


LEED CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST39


m o n t - c e n i st r a i n i n g c e n t e r

Jourda & Perraudin Architectes, Jourda Architectes, Hegger Hegger Schleiff Planer + Architekten - Herne-Sodingen, Germany. This center utilizes the ‘micro-climate envelope’ strategy,meaning,thevastinteriorsheltersamicrocosmofurban life. The envelope is a hybrid of greenhouse and Greek temple.Ithasahigh-techskinwithmotorizedopeningsandatimberstructurewhosetreetrunkcolumnsareexposedalonganopenfrontporch.ItacheivesaMediterraneanclimateprotectedfromtherainandcold.Itiscoveredinphotovoltaiccellsthatgenerate2.5timestheenergycon-sumedbythecomplex.

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Insummer,theglassroof,rowsofpanestowardsthetopandbottomoftheouterwalls,andhugeslidingdoorsintheouterwalls, all open automatically to let cool breezes through. The roof isshadedbythephotovoltaiccellsandinternal,horizontalmeshrollerblindsthatheatupslightlytoaidstackeffectventilation. Inwinter,theouterglassskinissealed,theairinsidetheenvelopeiswarmedbythesun,andtheinnerbuildingsaremechanicallyventilated,withtheundergroundtunnelsnowwarmingtheincomingair.Allheatgeneratedinsidethesebuildingsisalsorecapturedfromtheexhaustairbyahearrecoverysystemandreturnedtoheattheinnerbuildings.Addi-tionalheatandelectricityareproducedbyaco-genera-tionplanthatusesmethaneescapingfromtheoldmine.�

�Peter Buchanaan. Ten Shades of Green: Architecture and the Natural World. 2005.9�,92.

According to Peter Buchanaan in Ten Shades of Green: Architecture and the Natural World, thebuildingsystemsworktokeepmediterraneanclimateconstant.

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r o b e r t r h o d e s

Residential Tennis Court and Guest House, New Jersey: The challengeforthisprojectwastominimallyimpacttheheavily wooded site. Poly-carbonate panels were used as an energy-saver, a light-diffuser, and a durable skin. Polycarbonate panels have a better insulating R-value than glass.�

1 Rowlands, Penelope. “Game, Set, Match.” Architectural Digest Oct. 2006: 136-140.

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Experimental Building at Shoal Lake, Manitoba/Ontario: theseare temporary and versatile buildings. Primarily, “derived from a set of beliefs, priorities and choices that define a distinctlifestyleoutsideteconventionalpatternsofeveryday life, and everyday architecture.” Using low-cost and recycled materials and efficient modes of construction, thelow-budgetispossible.Itcontainswalls,doors,andoperable panels that open into “a building of screens” to providenaturalventilationinthesummertime.Itiscladintranslucent corrugated fiberglass panels combined with a herringbonepatternofdiagonalbracing.�

1 Christopher MacDonald. Cabin, Cottage, and Camp: New Designs on the Canadian Landscape. 2005. 46-63.

h e r b e r t e n n s

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areamapscale: n.t.s. 1

siteplanscale: n.t.s. 2

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

The building is fully immersed in the trees. Like in a treehouse, the visi-tors will walk parallel to the treetops. Like the trunk of a tree, the build-ing CORE becomes the connection with the ground. In both the tree and the building, it is the point where objects move up to revitalize.

The assembly and exhibit spaces are places for viewing nature, both within the building and without. The dichotomous relationship between the polycar-bonate panel walls and glass openings creates a layering of space that decom-poses the physical boundary between the interior and the exterior. Like the building becomes one with the trees, the visitors become one with nature.

The office space phenomenally exists quite differently from the assembly spaces. It is used for research and study of the physical nature that exists without, and therefore, is formed differently. The boundary between interior and exterior is clearly defined. Each office contains a tip-up metal door with a window that, rather than blurring, frames the exterior. This framing separates the viewer from the exterior using a physical line, the wall and glass existing between the two.

sketchesscale: n.t.s. 3

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planschemesscale: n.t.s. 1

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

2nd floor planscale: n.t.s. 3

1st floor planscale: n.t.s. 2

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westelevation

SCHEMATIC DESIGN49

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT51

CONSTRUCTIONS DOCUMENTS65

visitors center

Documents

potential technologies

gulf coast photos

global warming potential

naturally ventilated spaces

redirect reusable materials

lowland hardwood community

regularly occupied areas

land development impacts