visual dictionary
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TRANSCRIPT
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Visual Dictionary
BSCI 2300Ruth
MWF 11:00
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Air Barrier Paper
Commonly called “Home wrap,” the Air Barrier Paper is applied directly
onto sheathing to prevent air and water vapor from penetrating into
sheathing.
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Attic Ventilation
Attic vents prevent water vapor from being trapped in the attic space and also allows hot air to escape during the summer to
help manage temperatures inside the structure.
Although there are various types of Attic Vents, they all serve the same basic purpose.
Gable Vent
Turbine vent
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Attic Ventilation Cont’d
Ridge Vent
Soffit Vent
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BackhoeA backhoe is a piece of excavating
equipment consisting of a digging bucket at the end of a
two part articulated arm.
Backhoes are widely used as an earthmover and is a very useful piece of excavation equipment on job sites.
23” Bucket
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Batter Boards
A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an
excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in
the excavation.
Batter boards are used to establish the position, shape, and size of the building on the site.
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Brick Arches
Roman Arch with Keystone
Jack Arch
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Brick Arches
Centering -Centering is temporary framework to
shape an arch, dome, or vault.
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Brick Bonds
Running BondFlemish Bond
The Flemish bond is created by alternating layers of headers and stretchers. The next
course is laid so that the header lies in the middle of the stretcher course
bellow it.
A running bond is created by butting bricks end to
end with the joints falling in the middle of brick on
the row below.
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Brick Bonds
Header Stretcher
Rowlock
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Brick Bonds
Sailor
SoldierStretcher Rowlock (Shiner)
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Brick Sizes
Non- Standard Brick 3”x3 ¾”x15 5/8”
Modular Brick3 ½”x2 ¼”x7 ½”
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BulldozerA bulldozer is a crawler equipment that has a substantial metal blade used to push large quantities of soil, sand, and rubble during construction work.
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Cladding
Wood Shingles
Wood Boards EIFS
Stone
Brick
Wood Shakes – wood shingles made from split logs. Mainly used to cover the top of a house
Wood Shingles - shingles made from sawn logs. Used in cladding or roof.
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Code Requirements
Tread = 11”
Riser = 7”
International Building Code states that treads should be no narrower that 11” and that risers should be no more than 7 ¾” tall.
These stairs meet code requirements.
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Code Requirements
This window sill is set 24” off of
the finished grade and has
an opening width of 35”.
Code states that a window should be no less that 24” off of finished grade and no less that 34 ¼” wide.
This window meets code requirements.
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Concrete Joints
A control joint is an intentional cut into concrete that prevents cracking in the concrete due to the expansion of the concrete itself.
Isolation joints relieve flexural stress due to vertical movement of slab on grade that adjoins foundation elements. In the picture the sidewalk is being isolated from the foundation.
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Concrete Masonry Unit
1 CMU = 3 Bricks
12” x 8” x 16”
4” x 8” x 16”
Typical CMUs have dimensions of 8”x8”x16” but come in a variety of other sizes and shapes.
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Decorative Concrete Masonry
Ribbed Split Face Block Split Block
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Doors
Sidelight
Transom
Flush Door
6 Panel Door
A sidelight is a tall, narrow window along
side a door.
A transom is a small window
directly above a window.
Door labeled on next slide
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Doors
Stile
Lock Rail
Panel
Top Rail Bottom Rail
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Electrical Components
Service Head Meter
Transformer Box
A transformer box is an electrical device that
changes the voltage of an alternating current
A service head is a device that brings power lines to
the house
A electric meter is a device that measures how much electricity
was used by a dwelling.
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Electrical Components
Duplex ReceptacleService Panel
A duplex receptacle is a device that allows electronics plug into
and function.
A service panel is a device that allows you to turn on and off the power in separate places
around the dwelling.
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Framing Elements
#1 Anchor Bolt
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Framing Elements
#4 Subflooring
#2 Sill Pate
#3 Floor Joists
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Framing Elements
#5 Sole Plate #6 Stud
#7 Top Plate#8 Ceiling Joist
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Framing Elements
#9 Rafter
#10 Roof Decking
#11 Sheathing #12 Stringer
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Front End LoaderA Front End Loader is an
engineering vehicle that is primarily used to load
material onto or into other machinery.
A front end loader differs from bulldozers and back hoes by primarily lifting
and loading material onto other equipment.
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Gypsum Board
Gypsum board is a common building
material composed of plaster gypsum pressed between thick sheets of
paper and kiln dried.
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Heat Pump
Air- Handling Unit
CompressorAir handling unit is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC system. They connect to the duct work and distribute air.
A compressor for a heat pump system pulls air from outside and runs it through
refrigerant lines to either cool or heat it.
Advantages - Heat pump systems have a rapid response time.Disadvantages - It is difficult to “zone” and may need some help in extreme cold.
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Insulation
Blanket/Batt Insulation Loose Fill
FoamedRigid Board
Insulation is material with low thermal
conductivity that is included in a
building envelope to reduce heat flow
through an assembly
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Lintel
Angle Steel Lintel
A angel steel lintel is a bent piece of steel
that carries the load of a wall over a window or door
opening.
Helps masonry span window and door
gaps.
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Mortar
Raked JointFound on the Lowder Business
Building on Auburn’s campus. It is a 3/8” thick tooled joint most likely using
Type S mortar due to the expanse of the building.
Concave JointFound on the Student Center on Auburn’s campus. It is a tooled joint and also most
likely uses Type S mortar. The joint is approximately 3/8” thick
Both joints are on large commercial style buildings.
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Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is a manufactured building panel (non-veneered) composed of long strands of wood fibers oriented in specific directions and
bonded together under pressure.
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Plumbing
LavatoryA lavatory generally uses a
1 ½” drainage pipe.
Water ClosetWater Closets use a 3” drainage
pipe.
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Plumbing Cont’d
Manufactured Tub
This vent is a Vent Through the Roof
(VTR) and it prevents sewer gases from
backing up into the house
Vent Through Roof
Drop-In Sink
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Plywood
Plywood is a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.
Veneer – A thin covering over another surface for a more aesthetically pleasing facing
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Radiant Barrier
A Radiant Barrier prevents the transfer of heat through a material. It usually look like aluminum foil as it does here except it has a bad
glare.
Here it is installed on ductwork to keep heat from heating up the air traveling through the duct work.
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Rebar
This is #3 rebar which is 3/8” thick in cross section. This is
grade 40.
The deformations are rolled into the
surface of a reinforcing bar to
help it bond tightly to the concrete.
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Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter A gutter is a channel that
collects rainwater and snow melt at the eave of
a roof.
DownspoutA downspout is a
vertical pipe used for conducting water
from a roof to a lower level.
Splash BlockA splash block is a
small precast block or plastic used to divert water at the bottom
of a downspout. Also helps prevent
erosion.
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Steep Roof Materials
UnderlaymentUnderlayment is a
layer of waterproof material such as
building felt between roof sheathing and
roofing.
Clay Tile Roof
Wood Shingle Roof
Shingle – a shingle is a small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other units to render wall or sloping roof water tight
Metal Panel Roof-Typically uses galvanized or
aluminized steel.
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Steep Roof Shapes
Gable Roof Gambrel Roof
Hip Roof Mansard Roof
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Steep Roof Terms
Ridge
EaveAn eave is the
horizontal edge at the low side of a
sloping roof
A ridge is a level intersection of two
planes of a roof.
Valley
A valley is a trough formed
by the intersection of
two roof slopes.
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Steep Roof Terms
RakeA rake is a sloping
edge of a steep roof
FasciaA fascia is the exposed vertical face of an eave.
SoffitA soffit is the under
surface of a horizontal element of a building.
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Steep Roof Terms
A building without a fascia has no horizontal face.
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Stone
Random Ashlar
Coursed Ashlar
Random Rubble
Coursed Rubble
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Vapor Retarder
Vapor Retarder is a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of
water vapor through a building assembly.
It is placed on the warm in the winter side of a building. In most US
climates it would be on the inside of a house.
Vapor Retarder
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Waterproofing
Waterproofing is an impervious membrane applied to the outside
of a foundation. The waterproofing here is fully
adheared.
Waterproofing
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Weep Hole
A weep hole is a whole in a brick cladding system that’s
purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates
inside a building component or assembly.
Weep Hole
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Welded Wire Fabric
Welded wire fabric is a grid of steel rods that are welded
together and used to enforce a concrete slab. The grid used in
this slab is 5”x5”.
Welded Wire Fabric
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Windows
This is a double hung window because it has two overlapping sashes that slide vertically on
tracks.
Sliding Window
This is a sliding window because is has one fixed sash and another that moves horizontally in
tracks.
Casement Window
This is an out-swinging casement window because the hinges are on the side.
Windows are classified by the way they move!
Double Hung Window