visual system - dr. martin shapiro
DESCRIPTION
PPT Slides to accompany Dr. Martin Shapiro's Visual System Lecture for Psychology 36.TRANSCRIPT
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Vision
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Bionic Eye / Artificial retina
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Retina
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Retina
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Rods and Cones
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Rods vs. Cones Rods:
Scotopic vision
Night vision Achromatic Peripheral
vision ~130 million
Cones Photopic
visionDaytime vision
Color vision Foveal vision ~ 7 million
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Spatial Summation
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Transduction of Light
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Action Potential
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Rod
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Transduction
Inside
Outside
cGMP Rhodopsin
Retinal
In the dark
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Transduction
Inside
Outside
cGMP Rhodopsin
Retinal
In the light
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Transduction summary
In the Dark Opsin and retinal (rhodopsin) are bound
together Rod membrane is depolarized slightly at
-30 mV Na+ constantly moving in – the dark
current. Kept open by cGMP
In the Light A photon of light changes the shape of
retinal causing rhodopsin to break apart.
Causing a reduction in cGMP The rod becomes hyperpolarized.
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Visual Pathway
Optic nerve Optic chiasm Superchiasmatic nucleus Lateral geniculate nucleus of the
thalamus Superior colliculus Visual cortex
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Visual Pathway
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Visual Pathway
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Visual Pathway
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Thalamus
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Thalamus
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Striate Cortex
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Center-surround receptive fields
On-Center Cell:Response most when light strikes the center.
Off-Center CellResponse most when light strikes the outer portion of the receptive fields.
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On-Center Ganglion Cell
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Receptive Fields of the Visual Cortex
Hubel and Wiesel: Nobel laureates for medicine and physiology, 1981)
Not circular receptive fields Linear receptive fields
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Striate Cortex
Neurons are specialized to respond best to specific aspects of the stimulus: orientation, movement, size, direction.
Record from single cells in the striate cortex and present stimuli to the visual system.
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Complex Cortical Cells
Like Simple cells they are orientation specific
Large receptive fieldReact to movement in a specific direction
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Inferotemporal cortex
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BEV DOOLITTLE
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Our Senses
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Which is longer and which is wider?
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Visual System Summary
Transduction of light information to neural signals at the retina.
Modified at the retina with center-surround fields (intermediate cells).
Signal goes out the ganglion axons to the LGN
Back the Primary visual cortex for building of the image in: serial and parallel processing.
Context and memory play a big role in perception.