visual testing. definition visual inspection is the process of examination and evaluation of systems...
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VISUAL TESTING
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Definition
Visual inspection is the process of examination and evaluation of systems and components by use of human sensory systems aided only by mechanical enhancements to sensory input as magnifiers, dental ,picks, stethoscopes, and the like.
– illuminate the test specimen with light
– examine the specimen with the eye
Basic Principle
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NDT VT
• Advantages of Visual Inspection
• Inspection performed rapidly and at low cost• Ability to inspect complex sizes and shapes of any material• Minimum part preparation required
• Limitations of Visual Inspection
• Surface too be inspected must somehow be accessible to inspector or visual aids
• Surface finish, roughness and cleanliness can interfere with inspection
• Only surface defects are detectable
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Visual Inspection Equipment
• Magnifying Glass
• Magnifying Mirror
• Microscope
• Borescope
– Endoscopes or Endoprobes
• Flexible Fiber Optic Borescope
– Working lengths are normally 60 to 365 cm with
• Diameters from 3 to 12.5 mm
• Video Imagescope
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Borescope
A borescope is an optical device consisting of a Rigid or Flexible tube with an eyepiece on one end, an objective lens on the other linked together by a relay optical system in between
Uses
Definition
Borescopes are used for inspection work where the area to be inspected is inaccessible by other means
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FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE
A flexible borescope includes a bundle of optical fibers which divide the image into pixels. It is also known as a fiberscope and can be used to access cavities which are around a bend, such as a combustion chamber
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Schematic view of a rigid borescope
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VIDEO SCOPE
با استفاده از ویدئواسکوپ میتوان وضعیت داخل حفره ها را •بصورت مونیتورینگ و بر روی صفحه نمایش مشاهده نمود .
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Welding Gauge
Cambridge Weld Gauge
Hilo Gauge
Fillet Weld Gauge
Taper Gauge
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بازرسی قبل از جوشکاری
نوع آماده سازی لبه، •روش و پرداخت
مواد مصرفی•فرآیند های جوشکاری•
استاندارد کاربردی•برگه های دستوالعمل•نقشه ها•تائید صالحیت •
جوشکارانترکیب مواد•شرایط مواد•
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بررسی بعد از سوار کردن قطعات
اندازه ، انحراف ، تلرانسها•همراستائی ، خالجوشها ، تکه های پل زنی •پیش گرم کردن•تمیزی •
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بازرسی حین جوشکاری
شدت جریان و ولتاژ •براده برداری ، سنگ •
زنی و شیار زنیپودرها و گازهای •
محافظانطباق با برگه •
دستورالعمل و استانداردها
فرآیند جوشکاری •درجه حرارت پیش •
گرم و بین پاسیآماده سازی اتصال•فلز پر کننده•کنترل پیچیدگی•پاس ریشه و پاس •
های بعدی
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بازرسی بعد از جوشکاریدقت ابعادی•تطابق با نقشه ها و الزامات استاندارد•پذیرش جوش با توجه به ظاهر آن•عملیات حرارتی پس از جوشکاری•تعمیرات•
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عیوبی که با بازرسی چشمی کشف می شوند
ترک ها1.
ناهمواری های سطحی2.
عیوب مربوط به شکل جوش3.
عیوب ریشه4.