visualization methods
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An introduction to visualization methods for Research Perspectives & PracticesTRANSCRIPT
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Visualization methods
Research Perspectives & Practices 7728
Robert Fitzgerald, PhdFaculty of EducationUniversity of CanberraApril 2007
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Overview
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
Approaches to Visualization Data; Information; Concept Metaphor; Strategy & Compound Cognitive Processes; Represented Information
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
Approaches to Visualization Data; Information; Concept Metaphor; Strategy & Compound Cognitive Processes; Represented Information
Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
Approaches to Visualization Data; Information; Concept Metaphor; Strategy & Compound Cognitive Processes; Represented Information
Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods Graphical analysis
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
Approaches to Visualization Data; Information; Concept Metaphor; Strategy & Compound Cognitive Processes; Represented Information
Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods Graphical analysis Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
Approaches to Visualization Data; Information; Concept Metaphor; Strategy & Compound Cognitive Processes; Represented Information
Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods Graphical analysis Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization Concept & Mind Mapping
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
Approaches to Visualization Data; Information; Concept Metaphor; Strategy & Compound Cognitive Processes; Represented Information
Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods Graphical analysis Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization Concept & Mind Mapping Activity: Concept Mapping
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Overview Introduction to Visualization studies Internet and the Visual Web
Visual Thesaurus Tag Clouds Visual Complexity
Approaches to Visualization Data; Information; Concept Metaphor; Strategy & Compound Cognitive Processes; Represented Information
Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods Graphical analysis Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization Concept & Mind Mapping Activity: Concept Mapping Conclusion
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Visualization Studies
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Visualization Studies
An emerging field of study called visualization studies drawing on work in mathematics, management studies, human-computer-interaction and graphic design
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Visualization Studies
An emerging field of study called visualization studies drawing on work in mathematics, management studies, human-computer-interaction and graphic design
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Visualization Studies
An emerging field of study called visualization studies drawing on work in mathematics, management studies, human-computer-interaction and graphic design
“A visualization method is a systematic, rule-based, external, permanent, and graphic representation that depicts information in a way that is conducive to acquiring insights, developing an elaborate understanding, or communicating experiences (Lengler & Eppler, 2007, p1)
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Visualization Studies
An emerging field of study called visualization studies drawing on work in mathematics, management studies, human-computer-interaction and graphic design
“A visualization method is a systematic, rule-based, external, permanent, and graphic representation that depicts information in a way that is conducive to acquiring insights, developing an elaborate understanding, or communicating experiences (Lengler & Eppler, 2007, p1)
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Visualization Studies
An emerging field of study called visualization studies drawing on work in mathematics, management studies, human-computer-interaction and graphic design
“A visualization method is a systematic, rule-based, external, permanent, and graphic representation that depicts information in a way that is conducive to acquiring insights, developing an elaborate understanding, or communicating experiences (Lengler & Eppler, 2007, p1)
Two key people: John Tukey & Edward Tufte
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John Tukey
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John Tukey
John Tukey was an influential statistician who had a large impact over the last 50 years. His fields of interest were wide and varied and he is credited with inventing the word ''software''
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John Tukey
John Tukey was an influential statistician who had a large impact over the last 50 years. His fields of interest were wide and varied and he is credited with inventing the word ''software''
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John Tukey
John Tukey was an influential statistician who had a large impact over the last 50 years. His fields of interest were wide and varied and he is credited with inventing the word ''software''
“An approximate answer to the right problem is worth a good deal more than an exact answer to an approximate problem.”
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John Tukey
John Tukey was an influential statistician who had a large impact over the last 50 years. His fields of interest were wide and varied and he is credited with inventing the word ''software''
“An approximate answer to the right problem is worth a good deal more than an exact answer to an approximate problem.”
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John Tukey
John Tukey was an influential statistician who had a large impact over the last 50 years. His fields of interest were wide and varied and he is credited with inventing the word ''software''
“An approximate answer to the right problem is worth a good deal more than an exact answer to an approximate problem.”
“Numerical quantities focus on expected values, graphical summaries on unexpected values. “
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Bearman, Peter S., James Moody, and Katherine Stovel, Chains of Affection: The Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110 (2004), pp. 44-91
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The internet: A visual web
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The internet: A visual web
Visual Therasus - http://www.visualthesaurus.com/
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The internet: A visual web
Visual Therasus - http://www.visualthesaurus.com/
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The internet: A visual web
Visual Therasus - http://www.visualthesaurus.com/
“The Visual Thesaurus is an interactive dictionary and thesaurus which creates word maps that blossom with meanings and branch to related words. Its innovative display encourages exploration and learning.”
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Tag Cloud
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Tag Cloud
Tag clouds are used for navigation and visualization on Web 2.0 sites that apply user-generated tags to categorize data
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Tag Cloud
Tag clouds are used for navigation and visualization on Web 2.0 sites that apply user-generated tags to categorize data
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Tag Cloud
Tag clouds are used for navigation and visualization on Web 2.0 sites that apply user-generated tags to categorize data
Flickr - http://www.flickr.com/
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Tag Cloud
Tag clouds are used for navigation and visualization on Web 2.0 sites that apply user-generated tags to categorize data
Flickr - http://www.flickr.com/
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Tag Cloud
Tag clouds are used for navigation and visualization on Web 2.0 sites that apply user-generated tags to categorize data
Flickr - http://www.flickr.com/
TagCrowd - http://tagcrowd.com. A popular web application for visualizing word frequencies in the form of a tag cloud. It inputs user-supplied text and creates a tag cloud.
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Visual Complexity
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Visual Complexity
The challenges of representing complex networks
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Visual Complexity
The challenges of representing complex networks
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Visual Complexity
The challenges of representing complex networks
http://www.visualcomplexity.com/
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Visual Complexity
The challenges of representing complex networks
http://www.visualcomplexity.com/
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Visual Complexity
The challenges of representing complex networks
http://www.visualcomplexity.com/
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Four approaches to visualization
Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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Four approaches to visualization
“Visualization methods can help the user to articulate implicit knowledge (as in a visual metaphor) and to stimulate new thinking (like with a mindmap)”.
Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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Four approaches to visualization
“Visualization methods can help the user to articulate implicit knowledge (as in a visual metaphor) and to stimulate new thinking (like with a mindmap)”.
Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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Four approaches to visualization
“Visualization methods can help the user to articulate implicit knowledge (as in a visual metaphor) and to stimulate new thinking (like with a mindmap)”.
1. Data Visualization – e.g. line graphs
Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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Four approaches to visualization
“Visualization methods can help the user to articulate implicit knowledge (as in a visual metaphor) and to stimulate new thinking (like with a mindmap)”.
1. Data Visualization – e.g. line graphs2. Information Visualization - semantic networks or treemaps
Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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Four approaches to visualization
“Visualization methods can help the user to articulate implicit knowledge (as in a visual metaphor) and to stimulate new thinking (like with a mindmap)”.
1. Data Visualization – e.g. line graphs2. Information Visualization - semantic networks or treemaps3. Concept Visualization - a concept map or a Gantt chart (i.e. idea or
plan)
Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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Four approaches to visualization
“Visualization methods can help the user to articulate implicit knowledge (as in a visual metaphor) and to stimulate new thinking (like with a mindmap)”.
1. Data Visualization – e.g. line graphs2. Information Visualization - semantic networks or treemaps3. Concept Visualization - a concept map or a Gantt chart (i.e. idea or
plan)4. Metaphor Visualization - a metro map or story template
Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
Navigate to “Maps” (RHS)
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
Navigate to “Maps” (RHS)
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
Navigate to “Maps” (RHS)
Scroll down to “Periodic Table”
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
Navigate to “Maps” (RHS)
Scroll down to “Periodic Table”
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
Navigate to “Maps” (RHS)
Scroll down to “Periodic Table”
The full url is:
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
Navigate to “Maps” (RHS)
Scroll down to “Periodic Table”
The full url is:
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Activity: Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Goto http://www.visual-literacy.org/
Navigate to “Maps” (RHS)
Scroll down to “Periodic Table”
The full url is:
http://www.visual-literacy.org/periodic_table/periodic_table.html
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Graphical analysis
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Graphical analysis
Tufte, E.R. (1983). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire: Graphics Press.
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Graphical analysis
Tufte, E.R. (1983). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire: Graphics Press.
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Graphical analysis
Tufte, E.R. (1983). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire: Graphics Press.
Graphs revealing data showing time series data depicting space & time data showing relational data
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Principles of Graphical Excellence
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Principles of Graphical Excellence
“Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
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Principles of Graphical Excellence
“Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
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Principles of Graphical Excellence
“Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
“Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate and requires telling the truth about the data” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
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Principles of Graphical Excellence
“Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
“Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate and requires telling the truth about the data” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
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Principles of Graphical Excellence
“Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
“Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate and requires telling the truth about the data” (Tufte, 1983, p51)
Examples
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Napoleon's failed Russian campaign of 1812 The French engineer, Charles Minard (1781-1870), illustrated the disastrous result of Napoleon's failed Russian campaign of 1812.
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Leonardo Da Vinci & His Treatise on Painting
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Leonardo Da Vinci & His Treatise on Painting
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The 1854 London Cholera Epidemic
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Dr. John Snow's map of deaths from a cholera outbreak in relation to the locations of public water pumps
The 1854 London Cholera Epidemic
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Dr. John Snow's map of deaths from a cholera outbreak in relation to the locations of public water pumps
The 1854 London Cholera Epidemic
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Dr. John Snow's map of deaths from a cholera outbreak in relation to the locations of public water pumps
Tufte (1983, p. 24) says, "Snow observed that cholera occurred almost entirely among those who lived near (and drank from) the Broad Street water pump. He had the handle of the contaminated pump removed, ending the neighborhood epidemic which had taken more than 500 lives."
The 1854 London Cholera Epidemic
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Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization
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Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization
Maintained by Michael Friendly Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University
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Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization
Maintained by Michael Friendly Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University
Like good writing, good graphical displays of data communicate ideas with clarity, precision, and efficiency.
Like poor writing, bad graphical displays distort or obscure the data, make it harder to understand or compare, or otherwise thwart the communicative effect which the graph should convey.
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Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization
Maintained by Michael Friendly Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University
Like good writing, good graphical displays of data communicate ideas with clarity, precision, and efficiency.
Like poor writing, bad graphical displays distort or obscure the data, make it harder to understand or compare, or otherwise thwart the communicative effect which the graph should convey.
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Activity: Gallery of Data Visualization
Maintained by Michael Friendly Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University
Like good writing, good graphical displays of data communicate ideas with clarity, precision, and efficiency.
Like poor writing, bad graphical displays distort or obscure the data, make it harder to understand or compare, or otherwise thwart the communicative effect which the graph should convey.
http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/intro.html
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Concept Mapping
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Concept Mapping
Concept mapping is a form of structured conceptualization often used by groups to guide evaluation or planning (Trochim, 1989)
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Concept Mapping
Concept mapping is a form of structured conceptualization often used by groups to guide evaluation or planning (Trochim, 1989)
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Concept Mapping
Concept mapping is a form of structured conceptualization often used by groups to guide evaluation or planning (Trochim, 1989)
Trochim, W. (1989). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. In W. Trochim (Ed.) A Special Issue of Evaluation and Program Planning, 12, 1-16
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Examples of concept maps
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Mind Maps
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Mind Maps
A mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea. (From Wikipedia)
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Mind Maps
A mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea. (From Wikipedia)
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Mind Maps
A mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea. (From Wikipedia)
Tony Buzan is considered the originator of mind mapping - http://www.buzanworld.com/
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Examples of mind maps
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Steps to effective concept mapping
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28(From Trochim, 1989)
Steps to effective concept mapping
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Activity: Concept/mind mapping
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Activity: Concept/mind mapping
1. In pairs, prepare a concept map relevant to your area of interest
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Activity: Concept/mind mapping
1. In pairs, prepare a concept map relevant to your area of interest
2. Consider Trochim’s Six Steps
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Activity: Concept/mind mapping
1. In pairs, prepare a concept map relevant to your area of interest
2. Consider Trochim’s Six Steps3. Use the PostIt notes to brainstorm and record your
concepts and/or processes
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Activity: Concept/mind mapping
1. In pairs, prepare a concept map relevant to your area of interest
2. Consider Trochim’s Six Steps3. Use the PostIt notes to brainstorm and record your
concepts and/or processes4. Arrange those notes into a tentative map/schema
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Activity: Concept/mind mapping
1. In pairs, prepare a concept map relevant to your area of interest
2. Consider Trochim’s Six Steps3. Use the PostIt notes to brainstorm and record your
concepts and/or processes4. Arrange those notes into a tentative map/schema5. Use one or more of the templates provided to draw
your map
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Activity: Concept/mind mapping
1. In pairs, prepare a concept map relevant to your area of interest
2. Consider Trochim’s Six Steps3. Use the PostIt notes to brainstorm and record your
concepts and/or processes4. Arrange those notes into a tentative map/schema5. Use one or more of the templates provided to draw
your map6. When finished, exchange your map with another group
and discuss
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Software
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
MindMapper - http://www.mindmapper.com/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
MindMapper - http://www.mindmapper.com/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
MindMapper - http://www.mindmapper.com/
Inspiration - http://inspiration.com/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
MindMapper - http://www.mindmapper.com/
Inspiration - http://inspiration.com/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
MindMapper - http://www.mindmapper.com/
Inspiration - http://inspiration.com/
IMindMap - http://www.imindmap.com/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
MindMapper - http://www.mindmapper.com/
Inspiration - http://inspiration.com/
IMindMap - http://www.imindmap.com/
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Software
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/
MindMapper - http://www.mindmapper.com/
Inspiration - http://inspiration.com/
IMindMap - http://www.imindmap.com/
Software list http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mind_Mapping_software http://www.mind-mapping.org/
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References
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References1. Bearman, P. S., Moody, J. & Stovel, K.(2004).Chains of Affection: The
Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110, pp. 44-91.
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References1. Bearman, P. S., Moody, J. & Stovel, K.(2004).Chains of Affection: The
Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110, pp. 44-91.
2. Friendly, M. (Undated). Gallery of Data Visualization. Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University. Retrieved 27 February 2007 from http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/intro.html
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References1. Bearman, P. S., Moody, J. & Stovel, K.(2004).Chains of Affection: The
Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110, pp. 44-91.
2. Friendly, M. (Undated). Gallery of Data Visualization. Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University. Retrieved 27 February 2007 from http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/intro.html
3. Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
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References1. Bearman, P. S., Moody, J. & Stovel, K.(2004).Chains of Affection: The
Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110, pp. 44-91.
2. Friendly, M. (Undated). Gallery of Data Visualization. Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University. Retrieved 27 February 2007 from http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/intro.html
3. Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
4. Trochim, W. (1989). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. In W. Trochim (Ed.) A Special Issue of Evaluation and Program Planning, 12, 1-16. Retrieved 27 February from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/research/epp1/epp1.htm
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References1. Bearman, P. S., Moody, J. & Stovel, K.(2004).Chains of Affection: The
Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110, pp. 44-91.
2. Friendly, M. (Undated). Gallery of Data Visualization. Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University. Retrieved 27 February 2007 from http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/intro.html
3. Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
4. Trochim, W. (1989). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. In W. Trochim (Ed.) A Special Issue of Evaluation and Program Planning, 12, 1-16. Retrieved 27 February from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/research/epp1/epp1.htm
5. Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts.
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References1. Bearman, P. S., Moody, J. & Stovel, K.(2004).Chains of Affection: The
Structure of Adolescent Romantic and Sexual Networks, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110, pp. 44-91.
2. Friendly, M. (Undated). Gallery of Data Visualization. Statistical Consulting Service and Psychology Department York University. Retrieved 27 February 2007 from http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/intro.html
3. Lengler R., Eppler M. (2007). Towards A Periodic Table of Visualization Methods for Management IASTED Proceedings of the Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering (GVE 2007), Clearwater, Florida, USA.
4. Trochim, W. (1989). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. In W. Trochim (Ed.) A Special Issue of Evaluation and Program Planning, 12, 1-16. Retrieved 27 February from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/research/epp1/epp1.htm
5. Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts.
6. Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information. Graphics
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
“Design is choice … what is to be sought in designs for the display of information is the clear portrayal of complexity. Not the complication of the simple; rather the task of the designer is to give visual access to the subtle and the difficult-that is, the revelation of the complex.”
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Conclusion
“Design is choice … what is to be sought in designs for the display of information is the clear portrayal of complexity. Not the complication of the simple; rather the task of the designer is to give visual access to the subtle and the difficult-that is, the revelation of the complex.”
(Tufte, 1983, pg 191).
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