viva presentation : pavement (derma nur ashikin)

VIVA SIPINTAR 2013/2014

UTILISATION OF MIXED RECYCLED PLASTICS AND GLASS AS AN

AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT IN ASPHALT MIXTURES

DERMA NUR ASHIKIN BT NONG RADZIF A133212

Dr. NUR IZZI BIN MD. YUSOFF


INTRODUCTION Malaysia produces over 23,000 tonnes

of waste dailyThis amount will increase to 30,000

tonnes by 2020 and continue to increase due to the increasing population and development, less than 5% of waste is currently recycled (Global Environment Centre Malaysia)

Glass have a much lower value than other recycled materials such as plastics, metal and paper (Chiew, 2005)


INTRODUCTIONPrevious study indicates that

glass and plastic waste can be used as a secondary aggregate in asphalt concrete pavement, providing better dynamic behaviour that can withstand heavy traffic in the long term (Al-Salem et al., 2009)


OBJECTIVES

1. To investigate the feasibility of using waste materials (glass and plastics) in asphalt mixtures for pavement applications under various conditions namely; unaged, short-term and long-term ageing

2. To model the deformation occurs in each samples using the finite-element software (Abaqus).


MATERIALS

Aggregate Bitumen

Lime Stone


MATERIALSMixed Recycled Plastics Three Types Of Recycled Glass

Mixed Recycled Plastics Bottle Glass

Sheet Glass LCD Glass


SAMPLE PREPARATIONS

Samples were fabricated with various percentages of added recycled materials :0%P (Plastic) 5%G (Glass) 5%P 0% G 2.5%P + 2.5%G1%P + 4%G4%P + 1%GControl sample


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

1. AGGREGATE TESTAggregate Test Method

Aggregate Crushing Value(ACV) BS 812 : Part 110 :1990

Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) BS 812 :Part 112 : 1990

Flakiness Index (FI) BS 812 :section 105.1 :1989

Elongation Index (EI) BS 812 :Part 1: 1975

Los Angeles Abrasion Value (LAAV) ASTM C: 131-81


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN2. VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIESAir Voids (VA)Voids In Mineral Aggregate (VMA)Voids Filled With Asphalt (VFA)3. Sample PreparationsBy using Superpave Gyratory

Compactor Machine


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN4. AGEING PROCEDURES• Unaged • Short-term Ageing• Long-term Ageing


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN5. PERFOMANCE TESTINGResilient Modulus (ASTM Standards :D 4123-82)Static Creep(BS 598-111:1995)Dynamic Creep(BS DD 226:1996)6. MODELLINGFinite-element software Abaqus.


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAggregate Properties

Aggregate Test Value (%) Method

Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) 42.57

BS 812 : Part 110 :1990

Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) 15.10

BS 812 :Part 112 : 1990

Flakiness Index (FI) 6.00BS 812 :section

105.1 :1989

Elongation Index (EI) 42.00 BS 812 :Part 1: 1975

Los Angeles Abrasion Value (LAAV) 32.13 ASTM C: 131-81


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONBinder Properties (60/70)

Test Value Unit Method

Penetration at 25 ºC 63 1/10 mm ASTM D5

Softening point 48 °C ASTM D36

Specific gravity 1.0465 - ASTM D70

Ductility at 25 ºC >100 Cm ASTM D113


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Sieve Size

Percent Passing (%)

Upper

Limit

Lower

LimitDesign

Glass

PlasticBottle LCD Sheet

19 mm 100 90 95 0 1 0 0

9.5 mm 80 56 68 0 8.96 0 0

4.75 mm 65 35 50 1.27 23.22 3.48 21.69

2.36 mm 49 23 36 37.73 26.51 29.94 75.14

300 µm 19 5 12 56.39 29.40 56.20 3.17

75 µm 8 5 5 3.54 1.37 7.56 0

Dust 0 0 0 1.07 9.54 2.82 0

The gradation of aggregates and recycled materials (ASTM D 3515-96 (D-4)


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONOptimum Binder Content

Samples Optimum Binder Content (%)

Control 4.43

5% Glass 4.78

5% Plastic 4.2

2.5% Plastic 2.5% Glass 4.2

4% Plastic 1% Glass 5.2

1% Plastic 4% Glass 5.4



Resilient Modulus (Unaged)

0.33 Hz 0.5 Hz 1 Hz 0.33 Hz 0.5 Hz 1 Hz0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

CONTROL

5% Glass

5% Plastic

2.5% Plastic 2.5% Glass

4% Plastic 1% Glass

1% plastic 4% Glass

RESILIENT MODULUS OF UNAGED SAMPLES

25 °C 40 °C

Res

ilien

t mod

ulus

(M

pa)



Resilient Modulus (Short-term Ageing)

0.33 Hz 0.5 Hz 1 Hz 0.33 Hz 0.5 Hz 1 Hz0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

CONTROL

5% Glass

5% Plastic


1% plastic 4% Glass

4% Plastic 1% Glass

RESILIENT MODULUS OF SHORT TERM AGEING SAM-PLES

Res

ilien

t Mod

ulus

Mpa

25 °C 40 °C



Resilient Modulus (Long-term Ageing)

0.33 Hz 0.5 Hz 1 Hz 0.33 Hz 0.5 Hz 1 Hz0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

CONTROL

5% Glass

5% Plastic


1% plastic 4% Glass

4% Plastic 1% Glass

RESILIENT MODULUS OF LONG-TERM AGEING

25 °C 40 °C

Res

ilien

t Mod

ulus

(M

pa)


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESILIENT MODULUS INDEX (MRI) : 25 °C

RESILIENT MODULUS INDEX (25 °C)

SAMPLES UNAGED SHORT-TERM LONG-TERM

CONTROL 1 1 1

5% GLASS 1.10 1.54 1.86

5% PLASTIC 0.64 0.50 0.91

2.5% GLASS 2.5%PLASTIC 1.01 0.55 0.86

4% PLASTIC 1% GLASS 0.84 0.26 0.29

1% PLASTIC 4% GLASS 1.55 1.20 2.82


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRESILIENT MODULUS INDEX (MRI) :

40 °C

RESILIENT MODULUS INDEX 40 °C)


CONTROL 1.00 1.00 1.00

5% GLASS 1.53 0.45 1.71

5% PLASTIC 0.50 0.10 0.602.5% GLASS 2.5%PLASTIC 0.99 0.50 0.47

4% PLASTIC 1% GLASS 0.98 0.43 0.46

1% PLASTIC 4% GLASS 2.24 0.48 1.84



Static Creep (Unaged)

0 100 500 1000 2000 3000 35000

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1000000

control 5% G5% P2.5% P 2.5% G4% P 1% G1% P 4% G

STATIC CREEP OF UNAGED SAMPLES

Time (sec)

Perm

anen

t def

orm

atio

n 1

0⁶

mm

⁻



Static Creep (Short-term Ageing)

0 100 500 1000 2000 3000 35000

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

control

5% G

5% P

2.5% P 2.5% G

4% P 1% G

1% P 4% G

Time (sec)

Pe

rman

ent d

efor

mat

ion

10⁶

mm

⁻

STATIC CREEP OF SHORT-TERM AGEING SAMPLES



Static Creep (Long-term Ageing)

0 100 500 1000 2000 3000 35000

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

1000000


STATIC CREEP LONG-TERM AGEING SAM-PLES

Time (sec)

Pe

rman

ent d

efor

mat

ion

x10

⁶ m

m⁻


RESULT AND DISCUSSIONSTATIC CREEP INDEX (CRI)

STATIC INDEX (CRI)


CONTROL 1.00 1.00 1.00

5% GLASS 1.21 0.57 0.43

5% PLASTIC 4.43 1.31 1.16

2.5% GLASS 2.5%PLASTIC

1.62 2.67 1.41

4% PLASTIC 1% GLASS 3.74 1.45 1.56

1% PLASTIC 4% GLASS 1.74 2.64 1.24



Dynamic Creep (Unaged)

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 18000

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000


Cycle

DYNAMIC CREEP OF UNAGED SAMPLES

Perm

anen

t def

orm

atio

n x1

0⁶

mm

⁻



Dynamic Creep (Short-term Ageing)

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 18000

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

control

5% G

5% P

2.5% P 2.5% G

4% P 1% G

1% P 4% G

DYNAMIC CREEP OF SHORT-TERM AGEING SAMPLES

Cycle

P

erm

anen

t def

orm

atio

n x1

0⁶

mm

⁻



Dynamic Creep (Long-term Ageing)

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 18000

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000


Cycle

P

erm

anen

t def

orm

atio

n x1

0⁶ ⁻

mm


RESULT AND DISCUSSIONDYNAMIC CREEP INDEX (DRI)

DYNAMIC INDEX


CONTROL 1.00 1.00 1.00

5% GLASS 1.52 1.45 1.49

5% PLASTIC 2.32 2.85 1.79

2.5% GLASS 2.5%PLASTIC

1.54 3.54 1.80

4% PLASTIC 1% GLASS 1.73 3.08 2.99

1% PLASTIC 4% GLASS 0.85 2.97 0.63


MODELLING ABAQUS

Unaged Samples

4% Glass 1% Plastic

5% PLASTIC


MODELLING ABAQUS

SHORT-TERM AGEING

5% GLASS

2.5% GLASS 2.5% PLASTIC


MODELLING ABAQUS

LONG-TERM AGEING

4% GLASS 1% PLASTIC

1% GLASS 4% PLASTIC


COMPARISON BETWEEN MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT

Unaged Short-term ageing Long-term ageingMixtures

Exp FEM Error Exp FEM Error Exp FEM Error

(mm) (mm) % (mm) (mm) % (mm) (mm) %

control 0.38 0.38 1.64 0.27 0.29 8.21 0.42 0.43 2.97

5% Glass 0.58 0.60 2.16 0.39 0.39 0.89 0.63 0.63 0.88

5% Plastic 0.76 0.70 7.84 0.23 0.21 7.09 0.76 0.68 10.69

2.5% Plastic 2.5% Glass 0.56 0.55 1.63 0.96 0.82 14.56 0.76 0.65 14.13

4% Plastic 1% Glass 0.65 0.65 0.58 0.83 0.77 7.11 1.25 1.20 4.43

1% Plastic 4% Glass 0.30 0.32 6.80 0.80 0.76 5.78 0.27 0.28 2.98


CONCLUSIONS It was found that replacements of 1% recycled

plastics and 4% recycled glass (1% P + 4% G) show almost similar and satisfactory result compared to control sample for all tests.

The same results can be found, where the presence of 1%P + 4% G shows consistent results for short-term and long term ageing conditions.

It can be concluded that recycled plastics and recycled glass, at their optimum blending, can be considered feasible to be used as an aggregate replacement in asphalt mixtures for flexible pavement.


RECOMMENDATIONSIt is recommend to use 10%, 15% and

20% of recycled materials in futureRecommend to carry out fatigue,

dynamic test and wheel tracker test for the performance testing of asphalt mixture

Since plastic melt in high temperature, so it is recommended to use warm mix asphalt

Carry out moisture damage test

viva presentation : pavement (derma nur ashikin)

Engineering

p plastic

methodviva sipintar

yusoffviva sipintar

g glass

astm d113viva sipintar

glassand plastic waste

cresilient modulus index

g control sampleviva