AG

V • What is AGV?

• AGV System

• Types Of AGV

• Types of navigations in AGV’s

• Safety And Functions Of AGV

• Why consider AGV’s ?

• Applications of AGV’sA

S/R

S • What Is AS/RS ?

• Types Of AS/RS

• Components Of AS/RS

• Application Of AS/RS

AGV is a material handling system that uses independently operated, self-propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways.

1. Automated guided vehicle (AGV)

2. Load transfer positions

3. Load handling equipment

4. Load devices

5. Guide track

(laser, inductive, optical)

6. Data transmission

7. Management system

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Types Of AGV

Driverless Trains

AGV’s Pallet Trucks

Unit Load Carrier

It consists of a towing vehicle that pulls one or more

trailers to form a train.

This type is applicable in moving heavy pay loads over

large distance in warehouses or factories with or

without intermediate pickup and drop off points along

the route.

It consists of 5-10 trailers and is an efficient transport

system.

• Pallet trucks are used to move palletized loads along predetermined routes.

• The capacity of an AGV pallet truck ranges up to several thousand kilograms and some are capable of handling two pallets.

• It is achieved for vertical movement to reach loads on racks and shelves.

• These are used to move unit loads from one

station to another.

• It is also used for automatic loading and

unloading of pallets by means of rollers.

• Load capacity ranges up to 250 kg or less.

• Especially these vehicles are designed to

move small loads.

Navigation System

Wired Navigation

Guide Tape Navigation

Laser Target Navigation

• The wired sensor is placed on bottom of the AGV’S

and is placed facing the ground.

• A slot is cut in the ground and a wire is placed

approximately 1 inch below the ground.

• The sensors detects the radio frequency being

transmitted from the wire and follows it.

The AGV’S use Optical / Chemical / magnetic tape for the guide path.

The AGC’S is fitted with the appropriate guide sensors to follow the path of the tape.

It is considered a “passive” system since it does not require the guide medium to be energized as wire does.

The AGV’S carry’s a laser transmitter and receiver on a rotating turret.

The laser is sent off then received again the angle and distances are automatically calculated and stored into AGV’S memory.

The AGV’S has reflector map stored in memory and can correct its position based on errors between the expected and received measurements.

Man / vehicle functions

– Inputs made via operator

panel with its keyboard

and display

– Destination input to the

vehicle

– Plug-in manual control

and diagnosis module

Route (destination) finding

– High vehicle intelligence

– Travel route topology

stored in the vehicle

– Destination code

processing

– Load-sensing and empty

location recognition

Guide track following

Guided movements using:

– optical track

– inductive track

– "free-flight" (partly guide-

trackless)

– "free-navigation" (guide-trackless

Data exchange

– Infrared

– Radio

Special functions

– Battery reserve

monitoring

– Control of battery

charging

– Obstacle recognition

Load handling

– Load acceptance

– Load depositing

– Load monitoring

– Load transfer

synchronization

Travel control

– Speed

– Safety gap maintenance

– Collision protection

Zone Control

• Zone control to implement blocking system.

• Zones A, B, and D are blocked.

• Zone C is free. Vehicle 2 is blocked from entering Zone

A by vehicle 1.

• Vehicle 3 is free to enter Zone C.

Emergency stop

Status indicator

Obstacle sensor

Protective bar

Flasher

Protective bar

Photobarrier

Audible signal

Side protectionrails

Reduces the labor cost.

Flexible.

Intelligent.

Less Time consuming

Can significantly reduce production & warehouse costs.

Transforming the materials handling industry.

• AGVs are commonly used to transport raw materials such as paper, steel, rubber, metal, and plastic.

Raw Material Handling

• Work-in-Process movement is one of the first applications where automated guided vehicles were used, and includes the repetitive movement of materials throughout the manufacturing process.

Work in Process Movement

• Pallet handling is an extremely popular application for AGVs as repetitive movement of pallets is very common in manufacturing and distribution facilities.

Pallet Handling

• Moving finished goods from manufacturing to storage or shipping is the final movement of materials before they are delivered to customers.

Finished Product Handling

An automated storage & Retrieval system can be defined as a storage system that performs storage and retrieval operations with speed and accuracy under a defined degree of automation.

It consists of a variety of computer-controlled systems for automatically placing and retrieving loads from defined storage locations.

• Large automated system designed to use S/R machines to move unit loads on pallets into and out of storage racks.

Unit load AS/RS

• High-density unit load storage system, designed to store large amounts of stock with relatively little amounts of stock types.

Deep-Lane AS/RS

• Smaller automated system designed to move smaller loads into and out of storage bins or drawers.Mini-load AS/RS

• Uses personnel to pick items from racks or bins, reducing transaction time.Man-on-board AS/RS

• Items to be moved are stored in single file lanes, rather than in bins or drawers.

Automated item retrieval system

• Same principle of using a center aisle to access loads is used except that the aisle is vertical. Helps to save floor space

Vertical lift storage modules

1) Storage structure

2) SIR machine

3) Storage modules (e.g., pallets

for unit loads)

4) One or more pickup-and-deposit

stations

5) Control system

• Warehousing and distribution operations

• AS/RS types: unit load, deep lane (food industry)

Unit load storage and retrieval

• AS/RS types: mini load, man-on-board, item retrieval

Order picking

• Helps to manage WIP in factory operations

• Buffer storage between operations with different production rates

• Supports JIT manufacturing strategy

• Kitting of parts for assembly

Work-in-process storage