vocabulary – pages 194-196 endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus vacuole lysosome centriole
TRANSCRIPT
Vocabulary – Pages 194-196
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Vacuole
• Lysosome
• Centriole
Prokaryotic Cell
Cellular Structure and Function
Do not contain membrane-bound organelles
Steven P. Lynch
Section 1
With out a nucleus
Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotic cells includes all bacteria Prokaryotes contain only the following
structures:
1. Cell wall (peptidoglycan)2. Plasma membrane3. Genetic material as a single circular molecule of
DNA4. Ribosomes5. Cytoplasm6. Plasmid (Small circular piece of DNA that only
some bacteria possess)
Cellular Structure and FunctionSection 1
Prokaryotic Cell
Cellular Structure and Function
Cell Discovery and Theory
Section 1
Eukaryotic Cell More complex structure than prokaryotes
Cellular Structure and Function
In addition to the prokaryotic structures, eukaryotes also have membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus
Section 1
Cellular Structure and FunctionSection 1
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Cellular Structure and Function
Cell Discovery and Theory
The
Section 1
Plasma Membrane Thin, flexible boundary between the cell
and its environment
Cellular Structure and Function
Allows nutrients into the cell Allows waste to leave the cell Selective permeability, phospholipid bilayer,
fluid mosaic model
Section 1
Cellular Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cell Structures
Section 3
Organelles are bodies within the cytoplasm that serve to physically separate the various metabolic reactions that occur within the cells
Organelles are specialized structures that carry out specific cell function
Nucleus MitochondriaRibosomes ChloroplastsEndoplasmic reticulum CytoskeletonGolgi Apparatus Flagella & CiliaLysosomes CentriolesPeroxisomes Vacuoles & Vesicles
Cellular Structure and Function
Structures and Organelles
Section 3
Cellular Structure and Function
Structures and Organelles
Section 3
Cytoplasm
• Semifluid material makes up the inside of a cell
• Environment within the plasma membrane that contains the cells organelles
Cytoskeleton• Framework for the cell within the cytoplasm
• Involved in establishing the shape of the cell and coordinating movements
• Microtubles and microfilaments – supporting network of long protein fibers
• Provides an anchor for the organellesCells
Cytoskeleton
Cells
Nucleus• Control center of the cell, the brain of the cell
• Contains coded directions, DNA, the heredity information of the cell
• Surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope
• Chromatin is spread throughout the nucleus
Cells
Cells
Nucleolus
• Within the nucleus
• Site of ribosome production
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
• Ribosomes are manufactured in the nucleus and consist of ribosomal RNA and protein
• Not bound by a membrane
Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Stacks of flattened sacs of highly folded
membrane
• ER is connected to the nucleus
Cells
Endoplasmic ReticulumRough ER Smooth ER
• Contains ribosomes
• Aids in protein synthesis
• No ribosomes
• Synthesis of carbs and lipids
Cells
Cells
Golgi Apparatus• Flattened stack of
tubular membranes
• Modifies proteins and packages them for distribution outside the cellThink of it as Fed Ex –
package and ship
Cells
Vacuoles• Fluid-filled membrane sac
• Used to store food, waste products, enzymes, and other materials
Vacuoles• -Central vacuoles are large
bodies that store water and occupies most of the interior of plant cells
• -If the central vacuole runs low on water, the plant will begin to wilt
• -The central vacuole in plants stores starch, pigments, and toxic substances
Cells
Lysosomes
• Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes– The cell’s stomach
• Breakdown excess or worn-out cellular substances
• Digests waste, food, cellular debris, and foreign invaders such as bacteria
and viruses
Lysosomes
Cells
Centrioles
• Made up of groups of microtubules
• Play a role in cell division, occur in pairs
Mitochondria
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Large surface area: outer and highly folded inner membrane
• Breaks bonds in sugar molecules to provide energy for the cell
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
• Specialized organelles found in plant cells
• Carry out photosynthesis, the process of capturing energy from sunlight and converting it into useable energy
• Thylakoid compartments containing chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Cells
Cell Wall• Inflexible barrier that provides support and
protection
• Thick, rigid mesh of cellulose fibers
Cell wall
Cilia
• Short, numerous, hair like projections from cell surface
• Aids in locomotion and feeding
• Also used to sweep substances
along surfaces
Cellular Structure and Function
Flagella• Longer and less numerous than cilia
• Create movement with a whiplike motion
• Aids in locomotion and feeding
• Typically on or two present
Section 3
Flagella
Cellular Structure and FunctionSection 3
Table 7.1 Summary of Cell Structure
Table 7.2 Summary of Cell Structure
Table 7.3 Summary of Cell Structure
Cellular Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cell Structures
Structures and Organelles
Section 3
Structures only found in Plant Cells
cells: Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Central Vacuole