Vocabulary Project

Everything you need to know!!

Do Now: Identify the parts of speech for each underlined word in the following

excerpt:

Do this in the packet!

Answers1. Pronoun2. Adverb3. Preposition4. Noun5. Adverb6. Verb7. Conjunction8. Preposition9. Verb10.Pronoun

11. Adjective12. Noun13. Adverb14. Conjunction15. Adjective16. Noun17. Verb18. Preposition19. Pronoun20. Verb

Prepositional PhraseLetter: P

Prepositions are words that locate you in place or time.

See? Don’t get IN the car, get ON the car. The difference in preposition makes all the difference!!

Prepositional PhraseLetter: P

Prepositions are words that locate you in place or time.

You try…

Try a few more…. Fill in the blank with a prepositional phrase.

What prepositions can you find here?

How many prepositional PHRASES are there?

Verbs and Adverbs Letters: C, K

This one’s easy. Remember that adverbs end with…???

Yes, you know it!

What do they do? Yes!!

Keep in mind that many common adverbs (just, still, almost) do not end in -ly, and not all words that end in -ly (friendly, neighborly) are adverbs

THIS IS A RACE!!!

1. Students in art history class (present perfect progressive of study) the great painters.

2. With her enigmatic smile, Leonardo daVinci’s Mona Lisa (present perfect of charm) art lovers for centuries.

3. Although admired now, the Impressionits (past emphatic form of find) themselves scorned by their peers.

4. As we look at Rembrandt’s portraits, we (present progressive of see) the faces of people who lived three hundred years ago.

5. To make the most of light and color, the Impressionists (past tense of take) their easels outdoors.

Word Search-- Find the Adverbs

"Mr. and Mrs. Little often discussed Stuart quietly between themselves when he wasn’t around, for they

had never quite recovered from the shock and surprise of having a mouse in the family. He was so very

tiny and he presented so many problems to his parents.

After exercising, Stuart would slip on his handsome wool wrapper, tie the cord tightly around his waist,

and start for the bathroom, creeping silently through the long dark hall past his mother’s and father’s

room, past the hall closet where the carpet sweeper was kept, past George’s room, and along by the

head of the stairs till he got to the bathroom.

[Stuart] placed the arrow against the cord of the bow and waited. Snowbell crept softly toward the

bookshelf and climbed noiselessly up in the chair within easy reach of the Boston fern where Margalo

was asleep.

Answersoftenquietlyquiteso verysotightlysilentlysoftly noiselessly

BONUS-- GERUND

A gerund is a verb that has an -ing ending and functions as a noun.

So, what is an -ing word that you enjoy doing? If you know one thing, then you have one example of a gerund.

BONUS-- GERUNDI like tacosnoun verbnoun

I like holding lambs.noun verb noun (this is a gerund phrase)

Learning is easy if you pay attention.“Learning is easy” is a gerund phrase. It uses “learning” as a noun.

I guarantee that there will be at least 1 gerund question on the ECA, since it is a 10th grade requirement.

Gerund sentencesFor each question, change the sentence so that it uses a gerund, like this: It is important to study hard. --> Studying hard is important. Write the new sentence on your own paper.

1. It is difficult to read Japanese. 2. It is essential for a business person to have a laptop computer. 3. It is depressing to be old. 4. It was exciting to climb Ararat Mountain in 1998. 5. It will be hard to pass the final test.

BONUS-- GERUNDYou can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

DO NOW:1. Choose one of the following verbs

a. cookb. readc. swim

2. add an -ing3. Now write a sentence that uses it as the subject of your sentence (it should come

toward the beginning)4. Now use that word as the object (it should come toward the end)

When you are done, give your paper to your neighbor to check.

Sentence StructureLetter: F

What are the subject and predicate of a sentence?

I walked the dog.

I walked the dog.subject predicate

So if you have the “F” word “feather”, you’d need to write something like, “The feather fell from the bird and onto the grass where I found it and picked it up.” Then write another sentence using feather as a predicate.

Use 2 phrases as the SUBJECT and 2 phrases as the PREDICATE

a bowl made of pale blue glass

a cat with one blue eye and one brown eye

someone I haven’t seen in many years

every available volunteer in the group

Sentence Variety Letters: H, I

Simple: I walked the dog. (It’s an independent clause.)

Compound: I walked the dog, but my mother cleaned the cat box. (2 independent clauses linked with a comma and a conjunction)

Complex: Even though it was raining, I walked the dog. (a dependent clause linked to a independent clause by a comma)

BONUS-- COMPOUND COMPLEX

This type of sentence has, at minimum,

complexcompound

dependent + independent + independent

independent + independent + dependent

compound complex

BEST 10 WIN

1.Find a group of 5 or 6. 2.On your packet, write the names of

your team members in the order you want them to appear in the game.

3.Practice identifying sentence types on the next page of your packet.

Rules

1.Close your packet. Put it under your desk or somewhere that is not visible.

2.Each team member will go twice (unless you only have 5 people. 2 team members will only go once)

Team Member #1

Please get ready.

Identify this sentence.

Many teenagers work with older people in old age homes.

Team Member 2

Please get ready

Identify this sentence

People who volunteer not only help others, but they help themselves as well.

Team Member #3

Please get ready.

Identify this sentence

Students will organize a food drive this November, but many people still don't have

enough to eat.

Team Member #4

Please get ready

Identify this sentence

Many people are afraid to donate their money because there are so many scams.

Team Member 5

Please get ready.

Identify this sentence

Many people work long and hard for their money.

Team Member 1 or 6

Please get ready

Identify this sentence

Older people usually like being around young people.

Team Member 2

Please get ready

Identify this sentence

Since there are so many good causes, you have to be careful with your money.

Team Member 3

Please get ready

Identify this Sentence

Some schools do volunteer service projects, and other schools don't organize their teen

students.

Team Member 4

Please get ready

Identify this sentence

Many students make bag lunches that are distributed at a shelter.

Team Member 5

Please get ready

Identify this sentence

Although ways of volunteering are very different, you should try to help any way that

you can, and encourage your friends to join in as well!

Conjunctions-- FANBOYS

Letters: E, S

When you have two independent clauses, you can connect them with a conjunction and a comma (the conjunction is a FANBOYS--for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Conjunctions and Commas

Coordinating conjunctions (AKA FANBOYS) connect two independent clauses.

The comma goes BEFORE the conjunction.

Look at your FANBOYS page in the packet.

Conjunctions and Commas

● Hemingway and Fitzgerald are among the American expatriates of the between-the-wars era.

● Hemingway was renowned for his clear style and his insights into American notions of male identity.

● It is hard to say whether Hemingway or Fitzgerald is the more interesting cultural icon of his day.

● Although Hemingway is sometimes disparaged for his unpleasant portrayal of women and for his glorification of machismo, we nonetheless find some sympathetic, even heroic, female figures in his novels and short stories.

In most of their other roles as joiners (other than joining independent clauses, that is), coordinating conjunctions can join two sentence elements without the help of a comma.

Commas and Lists Letter: W

Remember that you usually do need a comma at the end of the list. Yes, it’s optional, but the last comma can change the meaning.

Appositive Phrases-Letter: N An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun

right beside it. ApPOSITIVE phrases are so you can be 100% POSITIVE

about what the writer is talking about. The appositive can be a short or

long combination of words. Look at these examples:The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.

The insect, a large cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.

The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling across the kitchen

table.

The insect, a large, hairy-legged cockroach that has spied my bowl of

oatmeal, is crawling across the kitchen table.

Parenthetical Expression Letter: TA parenthetical expression is an expression which is inserted into the flow of thought. It may be in the middle of a sentence or between sentences, but it does not deal directly with the topic at hand.

of course howeverI believe moreover

after all neverthelessby the way otherwisein my opinion therefore

for exampleto tell the truth

1. Queen Elizabeth who rules England is a popular monarch. 2. Dan enjoys the paintings of Picasso an artist who was born in Spain. 3. Sharon is in my opinion the person who deserves the English prize. 4. St. Louis which is in the Midwest is known as the Gateway City. 5. Speaking to our club, Mr. Paulson the well-known photographer showed and discussed some of his pictures.6. Walking briskly is considered I understand a good form of exercise. 7. Marge for example does not plan to participate because of the high fee.8. My father who was eighty-six stills skis at Bromley our local ski slope. 9. The Daytona 500 one of the most famous car races is held once a year10. It goes without saying of course that Emily's parents were very proud.

Passive vs. Active Voice Letter: L

Colons Letters: O, XLook in your notes! We take them for a reason!!-- you should have all of this!

There are 4 rules

Rule 1 – use one after the salutation of a business letter

Example: To whom it may concern:

Rule 2 --

Use one after an independent clause to introduce a list of items when introductory words do NOT appear.

Example: Several things go well with peanut butter: chocolate, celery, and bacon.

ColonsRule 3-- Use one to introduce a long or formal statement or quotation when it comes after an independent clause.

Example: The acting director often used her favorite quotation from Shakespeare's Tempest: “We are such stuff as dreams are made on; and our little life is rounded with a sleep.”

Rule 4--Use a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences.

I enjoy reading: novels by Kurt Vonnegut are among my favorites.

Semi Colon Letters: J, MUse them between independent clauses.Normally, you’d use a comma and a coordinating conjunction, but if the relationship between the clauses is clear without a conjunction, you can just use a semicolon

Semi Colon Letters: J, MUse a semicolon before a subordinating conjunction to connect to independent clauses.

The festival was to be held today; however, it was canceled due to the rainy weather.

Other subordinating conjunctions are nevertheless, moreover, although, inasmuch as, though, and thus

Semi Colon Letters: J, M

Use a semicolon between items in a series (list) that contains internal punctuation.

In this capacity, the semicolon is a “supercomma.”

"The President spoke to the press on Monday, the day after he decided he wouldn't seek a second term; on Wednesday, the day after he changed his mind; and on Friday, when the polls showed a downturn in his popularity rating."

BONUS-- DashThe dash works somewhat like a

parenthesis or commas, but is used when stronger punctuation is needed.

Independent clause -- thought -- independent clause.

BONUS Dash:

What does a dash say??

The Pause Dash

“Right here, I want you to take a breath. What you will read next relates to what you have just read in an interesting way, and I would like to emphasize it.” -- Dash

Abby gave me the worst mullet hair cut -- and expected a tip!!

Dash I’m like the look your teacher gives you when you’re in the middle of an EPIC story. I’ll cut you off mid sentence. -- Dash

Then he said “Leslie, I’ve felt this way

for a while and I just wanted to say I

lo--”

Quotations Letter: V1. Use quotes to indicate something directly said.

He asked “when I would be there.” “When will you be here?” he asked.

Choose the correct example:

2. Punctuation marks go _____________ (inside / outside) the quotes. Choose the correct example:

Squiggly said, “I hate packing.” Squiggly said, “I hate packing”.

Sensory DetailLetters: A, Y, Z

ForeshadowingLetter: D

Draw a Representation

Letters: B, G, Q, R, U