vocabulary review chapter 14 & 15. mendel’s true breeding generation p or parental generation

Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview

Chapter Chapter 14 & 1514 & 15

Mendel’s true breeding

generation

P or parental generation

Alternative forms of a gene

alleles

Genetic makeup of an organism

genotype

Type of inheritance in

which hybrids are a mixture of

parental phenotypes

Incomplete dominance

Type of inheritance where

both alleles are expressed in

distinguishable ways

Codominance

Type of inheritance where

three or more genes affect the

phenotype

polygenic

Genes that tend to be inherited

together

Linked

When members of homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis

Nondisjunction

Organisms that are normal but

transmit recessive alleles to offspring

Carrier

Pairs of alleles segregate

independently during meiosis

Law of Independent Assortment

Organism’s observable traits

or their appearance

Phenotype

Probability that an offspring will be heterozygous if parents are both

heterozygous

50%

When both alleles are the same for a

trait it is called this

Homozygous

AABBCC X aabbccProbability these

parents would produce AaBbCc

1 or 100%

AABbCc x AaBbCcprobability these

parents would produce AAbbCC

1/32

If two alleles at a locus differ, the dominant allele

will determine the organism’s phenotype

Law of Dominant &

Recessive Heredity

Cross determined by two traits

Dihybrid Cross

Sutton, Boveri and others were

responsible for this theory

Chromosome Theory of

Inheritance

A gene located on a sex chromosome

Sex-linked gene

Inactivated X chromosome in a

cell is called a

Barr Body

When genes are exchanged during meiosis it is called

this

Crossing-over

Plants can have multiple sets of chromosomes; a state called this

Polyploidy

When a gene is moved and joins a nonhomologous chromosome it is

called this

Translocation

An abnormal number of

chromosomes is called this

Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy where there is one extra chromosome in a

karyotype

Trisomy

Trisomy 21

Down Syndrome

What were caused in fruit flies in Thomas Hunt Morgan’s lab

Mutations

Difference in phenotype based on whether the

allele is inherited from the mother or

fatherGenomic

Imprinting

When a chromosomal

fragment is lost it is called this

Deletion

An aneuploid situation in which the organism has only one copy of a

gene

Monosomy

Probability that a heterozygous to

heterozygous dihybrid cross will

produce both dominant traits9/16

Chart showing members of a

family showing which members

show a particular trait

Pedigree

Definition

TERM

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