Vocabulary skills

Lecture 1Words in context

詹菊红

Tasks TodaySignificance of vocabulary

Unit 1 Text A

Ways of learning vocabulary

In-class review

Assignments

The significance of vocabulary in English learning

Learning Process ： words---grammar(---listening---speakin

g)---reading---writing 。 Words: the basis, the cells, the bricks

Vocabulary vs. reading Laufer ： 5000 ， 56% ； 6400 ， 63% ； 9000 ， 70% 。 Eg,

During this transfer ， traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

Vocabulary vs. writing and translating

Ungrammatical sentences could be understood, but grammatical sentences without proper words make no sense.

大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到 新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

Qualities of an

ideal teacher

experienced

extrovert

tolerant

smart

handsome

energetic amiable

serious

knowledgeable

patient

Unit 1 Text A

1. How did Baker use to feel about English courses?

2. What was his own impression of his new English teacher?

3. What was the topic that held his attention?

4. Why did he want to write about that topic?

5. Whose essay was Mr. Feagle reading to the class? How did the class respond?

6. Why did Baker feel so delighted?

Unit 1 Text A

Part I (1-2)

Part II (3-5)

Part III (6-9)

Baker was bored by English courses.

Baker wrote about a topic.

Baker discovered his talent for writing.

Text Structure

bored

tedious

dull

agony (n.)

lifeless

cheerless

I found English grammar dull and difficult.

Words of Feeling

formal

rigid

dull

inability to inspire

excessively prim

severe glasses

out of date

a comic antique

He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date.

Describe a person

Describe a series of actions

• tackled informal essay

• distributed homework sheet

• did nothing until the essay was due

• faced up to the unwelcome task

• scanned it

• extraordinary sequence of mental images

• vivid memories

• eating spaghetti

Memories

All the good humor of Uncle Allen’s house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.

Memories

contempt

ridicule

enjoyment

pleasure

delight

Words of Feeling

Synonym in Context

dull

turn out

anticipate

formal

pleasure

lifeless, cheerless, tedious

write, compose, put down

prepare for

rigid, prim, respectable,correct

delight, happiness, enjoyment

recapture

contempt

topic

vivid memories of sth. come flooding back to sb.

relive

ridicule

title

sth. reawakes in sb.’s mind

Sb. recalls sth.

Synonym in Context

1) take hold: become established The idea of one child has taken hold in most urban Chinese

families. Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking

before the habits takes hold.

2) turn out: produce American film studios turn out hundreds of films every year. New computers are soon outdated since newer models are

turned out constantly.

Collocations in context

take apart

hold

for( 以为）

after（象）

back

down

in

over （接管）接受 , 接待 , 吸收 , 理解 , 包括 , 轻信 , 注意到 , 欺骗

turn back

out

off

away

down( 拒绝）In

on

over

反复考虑 , 翻身 , 翻阅不准 ... 入内 , 走开 , 转过脸 , 解雇 ,

避免

3 ） violate ； violation ； violent ； violet 1. Ann received a ticket for a traffic law. 2. The nosy reporter the celebrity’s right to privacy. 3. From now on any of the regulation must be cruelly punished. 4. Tornadoes are whirlwinds which vary in their width from a few yards to 1300 feet. 5. Red and are at opposite ends of the spectrum.

violatingviolated

violation

violent

violet

Confusable words

4 ） compose ； composition, decompose ； decomposable constitute; comprise; consist

1. Water is of hydrogen and oxygen. 2. He was at the piano at the age of seven. 3. Fifteen separate republics the Soviet Union. 4. The committee of ten members. 5. Twelve months one year.

composedcomposing

comprisedconsistsconstitute

Confusable words

5 ） respectable ； respect ； respective(ly) ； respectful(ly) respectable, respectably

1. Give my to your wife.2. I promise to your wishes.3. The classes went to their rooms.4. Show to elders.5. He is poor but .6. Can you speak more to yourparents?7. Tom, Dick and Harmy are 16,18,20, . 8. He is always dressed.9. He is always to older people.

respectsrespect

respectiverespect

respectablerespectfully

respectivelyrespectably

respectful

Confusable words

6 ） adjust; adopt; adapt

He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.

He adapted himself to the cold weather.

They adopted our suggestions.

7) raise; arise, rise, arouse The question didn’t arise.

The sun rises at seven o’clock.

The problem aroused wide public concern.

I will not raise a hand against you.

Confusable words

8) encounter; meet; face; be confronted with

The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.

9) interval;gap;distance There was a long interval before he answered the phon

e. generation gap There was a long distance from school to my house.

Confusable words

Key Words of Text

1. excessively

2. distribute

3. respectable

4. compose

5. particular

exceed, excess, access

contribute, attribute

respective, respectful

constitute, comprise, consist

partial, preferable, favorable

Key Words of Text

6. adjust

7. ignore

8. raise

9. encounter

10.interval

adapt, adopt, accustom

neglect, overlook

rise, arise, arouse

confront

gap, distance

Learning vocabulary

Ways of learning vocabulary

Examples and exercises

1

2

poseposition

composecompositiondecompose

decomposableindecomposable

indecomposability

词根词缀记忆法

常用前缀分类 举例方式 autobiography, belittle, cooperate,

combine, enable, maltreat, pseudonym, replace, thermometer, vice president态度 antiwar, contradiction, counteract

否定 disorder, illegal, mismatch, nonsense, unknown

常用前缀分类 举例时间 forecast, postgraduate, precedence地点方向

decline, exclude, indoor, interaction, introvert, midland, outlive, telescope

程度 extraordinary, overtake, superfluous, ultraviolet, underdeveloped

常用前缀分类 举例数字大小

bilateral, centigrade, macroeconomics, microwave, multiple, minibus, monopoly, polysyllable, semiconductor, tricycle, uniform

常用后缀1 shortage 8 modernize 15 dentist

2 irritate 9 presentation 16 refusal

3 flexibility 10 simplify 17 kingdom

4 psychology 11 hardship 18 materialism

5 length 12 pleasure 19 pollutant

6 sharpen 13 linguistics 20 entrance

7 enjoyment 14 refugee

√√

√

√

常用后缀1 consequently 8 imaginary 15 critical

2 sensible 9 golden 16 cheerful

3 ignorant 10 straightforward 17 poetic

4 carefree 11 burdensome 18 fearless

5 childish 12 awkward 19 warlike

6 roughly 13 sunny 20 wooded

7 likewise 14 dangerous

√

√

√

分类归纳记忆法plus minus times by

add subtract multiply divide by

addition subtraction multiplication division

addition 同族归类

采用归类的方法。 Sea animals: 海星 starfish; 珊瑚 coral; 螃蟹 crab; 章鱼 octopus; 龙虾 lobster; 贝类 shell; 鲨鱼 shark; 海参 sea slug; 乌贼

cuttlefish; 虾子 prawn; 海豚 dolphin; 金鱼 gold fish; 牡蛎 oyster

近义词规类。 Happy: cheerful ； glad ； joyful ； joyous ； high- spirited…

近形词归类Flesh, flash, flush

逻辑联想记忆法1.词义联想记忆 cocky, charisma

2.谐音联想 chaos, sting

词语搭配arise

progress

vacant

problems arise

make progress

vacant lot

动宾主谓

偏正

In-class quiz 1) In business, you've got to how your competitors

will act.

2) The more recent down turn in home sales, he added, is "a temporary problem" that should reverse itself once declining interest rates .

3) You wouldn't normally these two writers their styles are completely different.

4) The books in the library were according to subjects.

5) As good students, we are committed not to the rules.

anticipate

take hold

associate

distributed

violate

6) His involvement in the scandal was a blot on his .

7) I don't want to harrow you at this time by asking you to the details of your unpleasant experience.

8) His best music was by the memory of his mother.

9) A of murders had prompted the police to actions.

10) The general resolved on an approach by night to the lost ground.

reputation

recall

inspired

sequence

recapture

In-class quiz

上交作业 Use the following words and expressions

to summarize the passage

keep sb. in mind; different; bored; topics; attracted; one’s own joy; think highly of; discover; talent; real life

homework 1. Unit 1-B, Unit 8 ； 2. 预习 Unit 2 3. 《奠基篇》 Unit 1 词汇部分 4. 掌握词汇表一中的所有词汇

when we are writing ， we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests ． But in this text the author gave us a quite different idea ．He was once bored by everything associated with Eng1ish courses ， including essay writing ． One day ， in his third year in high school ， the essay teacher gave them a series of topics to write about. He found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote it for his own joy ． To his surprise and joy, the teacher thought highly of the essay and read it in front of the who1e class ． This experience helped him discover his talent for writing and rea1ize what he wished to do in his life ． From this experience ， the author also wants to tell us that when we are writing, we should write about real life ，write for ourselves instead of for assignments ．