Vol. 50 (2-4) 51 (1)

ekf.kD; yky oekZ vkfne tkfr 'kks/k ,oa çf'k{k.k laLFkkuv'kksd uxj] mn;iqj ¼jktLFkku½ & 313001

M. L. VERMA RESEARCH & TRAINING INSTITUTE

ASHOK NAGAR, UDAIPUR - 313 001

PEER-REVIEWED QUARTERLYJOURNAL IN

HINDI AND ENGLISH

led{k O;fDr lehf{krfganh o vaxzsth esa=Sekfld if=dk

ISSN 0041 - 2651

¼tutkfr esys ,oa R;ksgkj fo'ks"kkad½

laikndh;

¼fnus'k pUæ tSu½funs”kd

jktLFkku dk vkfnoklh tuthou vius rht&R;ksgkjksa vkSj esyksa dh n`f"V ls

fo”ks"k :i ls le`) gSA ;gk¡ izns”k Hkj esa iwjs o"kZ esa dbZ ,sls esys vk;ksftr gksrs gSa vkSj

R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSa ftuds voyksdu ls ge vkfnoklh laLd`fr dh le`)rk vkSj

xkSjo dks tku ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ dk vkfnoklh lekt ledkyhu] rduhdh vkSj

oS”ohdj.k ds ;qx esa Hkh viuh lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr dks lajf{kr fd, gq, gSA ;gk¡ dk

tutkrh; lekt o"kZHkj esa vkus okys cM+s R;ksgkjksa ;Fkk&gksyh] nhikoyh ds lkFk&lkFk

vius vkSj dbZ vU; R;ksgkj iwjs mRlkg vkSj meax ds lkFk eukrk gSA tutkfr leqnk;

ds R;ksgkj eukus dk yd ns[k ldrs gSaA

cs.ks”oj esyk] ?kksfV;k vkEck esyk] ekuxkes”oj dk esyk

vkfn ,sls izeq[k esys gSa ftuesa tutkfr leqnk; dks iwjs mRlkg ds lkFk Hkkx ysrs gq,

ns[kk tk ldrk gSA bu esyksa esa gesa tutkfr leqnk; ds vkilh esy&tksy] izse vkSj

lkSgknZiw.kZ O;ogkj ds lkFk&lkFk lkewfgdrk vkSj thou dks iwjs vkuUn o mYykl ls

thus ds Hkko nz"VO; gksrs gSaA

^VªkbZc* ds bl vad ds ek/;e ls tutkrh; thou esa fo”ks"k egÙo j[kus okys

R;ksgkjksa o esyksa ds oSf”k"V~; dks fo”ks"k :i ls /;ku esa j[kk gSA eSa bl vad ds vkys[k

ys[kdksa dks /kU;okn nsrk gw¡A bl vad ds vfrfFk lEiknd MkW- uohu uanokuk] lgk;d

vkpk;Z] fgUnh foHkkx] eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k fo”ofo|ky;] mn;iqj ds lg;ksx o

vfrfFk lEiknu ls bl vad ds izdk”ku dh izfØ;k lEiUu gks ik;h] mudk Hkh /kU;okn

Kkfir djrk gw¡A ̂VªkbZc* if=dk ds ek/;e ls tutkrh; thou ds fofo/k igyqvksa ij

“kks/k ,oa izdk”ku dh izfØ;k fujarj xfreku jgsA blh dkeuk ds lkFk-------A

vfrfFk laiknd dh dye ls lkfgR; vkSj yksd dk lh/kk vkSj xgjk laca/k jgk gSA lkfgR; us lnk gh 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls yksd dks vfHkO;fDr iznku dh gSA yksd ds lkFk lkfgR; ds laokn dk ,d lukru fj'rk gSA lkfgR; us yksd ds gkl&foykl] nq%[k&nnZ vkSj fofo/k ØhM+kvksa dks vius ys[ku dk fo"k; cuk;kA lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls gh yksd dh fofo/k xfrfof/k;ksa dks laosnukvksa dh rwfydk ls latksdj jpukdkj viuh jpuk ds ek/;e ls ml laosnuk dks ikBdksa rd igq¡pkus dk iz;kl djrk gSA Hkkjrh; yksd thou viuh fo'ks"k egÙkk j[krk gSA Hkkjr ns'k esa ge jkstejkZ dh ftanxh esa dbZ mRlo] ioZ] R;ksgkj vkSj esyksa dh [+kud eglwl dj ldrs gSaA ,d mfDr ;g Hkh izpfyr gS fd gekjs ns'k esa *lkr okj vkSj ukS R;ksgkj* dh ifjikVh jgh gSA dgus dk vfHkizk; ;g gS fd gekjs ;gk¡ dk yksdthou mRlofiz;rk ls ljkcksj gSA mldh mifLFkfr jkstejkZ ds nSufUnu thou esa ge eglwl dj ldrs gSaA ckr ;fn yksd thou ds Hkh vkfnoklh i{k dks ysdj gks rks ;g vkSj Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA Hkkjr ns'k vkSj fo'ks"kr% jktLFkku ds vkfnoklh thou vkSj laLd`fr ij ut+j Mkysa rks ge ikrs gSa fd fofo/k vHkkoksa vkSj lqHkkoksa lcdks Hkwydj ;gk¡ dk vkfnoklh fofo/k mRlo] ioksZa vkSj esyksa vkfn esa vius thou dk vkuan ysrk gqvk mudk Hkjiwj etk ysrk gSA izd`fr ls xgjs tqM+ko j[kus okys vkfnoklh thou dh T;knk mRloe;h R;ksgkjksa vkSj esyksa dh laLd`fr esa izd`fr vkSj i;kZOkj.k viuk fo'ks"k LFkku j[krs gSaA ^Vªkbc* if=dk dk ;g vad jktLFkku ds vkfnoklh thou esa mRlo] ioZ] R;ksgkj vkSj esyksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj yksdthou ls mudh xgjh laLkfDr dh iM+rky djrk gSA bl vad esa bl fo"k; ij izeq[k :i ls /;ku fn;k x;k gS fd jktLFkku dh fofo/k vkfnoklh tkfr;k¡ fdu&fdUk R;ksgkjksa o esyksa esa iwjs mRlkg vkSj meax ls Hkkx ysrh gSA jktLFkku ds vkfnoklh thou vkSj laLd`fr dh egd bu fofo/k R;ksgkjksa vkSj esyksa ds volj ij fdl izdkj egdrh gSA fdl izdkj os vius lq[k&nq%[k Hkwydj bu R;ksgkjksa o esyksa ds volj ij vius thou dk vlyh vkuan ysrss gSaA bu lc ckrksa dk vkdyu bl vad ds vkys[kksa ds ek/;e ls laHko gks ldsxkA vkfnoklh yksdthou vkSj laLd`fr dh e/kqj xa/k ds dqN NhaVksa ls ge Hkh ml egd ls Lo;a dks lqxaf/kr dj ldsaxsA bl vad ds fofo/k vkys[k bUgha vkfnoklh rht&R;ksgkjksa vkSj esyksa dh laLd`fr ij fo'ks"k :i ls izdk'k Mkyrs gSaA bl vad dks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gSA [kaM ̂v* vkfnoklh thou esa tqMs+ esyksa o R;ksgkjksa ls lacaf/kr gSA ogha [kaM ̂ c* vkfnoklh laLd`fr] dyk o lkfgR; ls tqM+s fo"k;ksa dks vfHkO;fDr iznku djrk gSA [kaM ̂l* vuqlwfpr {ks= ¼jktLFkku jkT;½ vkns'k] 2018 ls lacaf/kr gSA eSa ekf.kD; yky oekZ vkfne tkfr 'kks/k o izf'k{k.k laLFkku ds funs'kd vkSj vU; leLr lkfFk;ksa dk vkHkkjh gw¡ ftUgksaus eq>s if=dk ds bl vad dk vfrfFk laiknd cukdj vkfnoklh yksdthou ls tqM+s R;ksgkjksa] esyksa vkSj mudh laLd`fr ds fofo/k igyqvksa ij i

vuqØef.kdk

vkys[k ys[kd i`-la-Ø-la-

1 jktLFkku ds nf{k.kkapy esa tutkrh; esys /kuir flag jko 01

2 vkfnoklh laLd`fr dk lqxaf/kr fu>Zj % izse 'kadj eh.kk 15

xkSres'oj esyk

3 nf{k.kh jktLFkku dk fl)ihB 'kkSyh MkW- x.ks'k yky eh.kk 18

guqeku esyk

4 dkaBy dk n'kZuh; *lhrkekrk esyk* yfyr dqekj eh.kk 21

5 jktLFkku dh Hkhy tutkfr ds nsork] mRlo vkj-lh- >k ,oa 25

vkSj esys yksdsUæflag 'ks[kkor

6 ?kksfV;k vkEck esyk % tutkrh; laLd`fr o MkW- oklqnso pjiksVk ,oa 37

vkLFkk dk fof'k"V dsaæ MkW- vfurk jkBkSM+

7 tutkrh; laLd`fr dk vuwBk mRlo % efgek HkVukxj ,oa 40

Hkwfj;k ckck esyk MkW- gsesUæflag 'kDrkor

8 xjkfl;ksa dh lkaLd``frd ijEijk xksxjkt pkS/kjh 43

9 vkfnokfl;ksa ds yksdkuqjatu esys vkSj mudh MkW- f'kYik esgrk 48

laLd``fr

10 Celebration of Holi, A Spring Festival Dr. Tilak Bagchi & 54 among the Bhils of Udaipur, (Rajasthan) Dr. Yashpal Baranda

[k.M ¼v½ esys vkSj R;ksgkj

vkys[k ys[kd i`-la-Ø-la-

11 tutkrh; yksddyk ekaMuk esa fHkfÙk ij f'k[kk xkSre 65

fufeZr ekaMuk :ikdkjksa esa :i dk :ikarj.k

12 nf{k.kh jktLFkku dk lar lkfgR; vfer dqekj pkS/kjh 71

13 Hkhyksa dk lkekftd o /kkfeZd mRlo % xojh MkW- lquhrk [k.Msyoky 75

14 vkfnoklh izn'kZu dyk dk vuqlj.k djrh MkW- lanhi dqekj es?koky 79

ledkyhu dyk

15 ledkyhu fganh dkgkfu;ksa esa vkfnoklh MkW- uohu uanokuk 86

thou

16 tutkfr izsj.kk xhr guqeku flag xqtZj

`[k.M ¼c½ laLdfr] dyk ,oa lkfgR;

i`-la-17 vuqlwfpr {ks= ds foLrkj ds laca/k esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk tkjh vf/klwpuk 97 fnukad % 19&05&2018

[k.M ¼l½

[k.M ¼v½esys vkSj R;ksgkj

nf{k.kh jktLFkku ds vjkoyh dh Ük`a[kykvksa ds chp mcM+&[kkcM+ Hkw&Hkkx] ouHkwfe] unh ukyksa ,oa oU;thoksa ls ;qDr ;g {ks= jktLFkku dh e#Hkwfe ls i`Fkd~ Nfo izLrqr djrk gSA bl {ks= esa ik"kk.k dkyhu ckxkSj ,oa cukl lH;rk rFkk rkez ik"kk.k dkyhu vkgM+ ,oa fxyw.M+ dh lH;rk ds vo'ks"k nh?kZdkyhu ekuo lH;rk dh fujarjrk ds izrhd gSaA ;g {ks= tutkfr cgqy gksus ds dkj.k tutkrh; mi;kstuk {ks= esa vkrk gSA vk/kqfud lalk/kuksa dh deh ,oa xjhch rFkk vk/kkjHkwr

ckalokM+k ls 85 fdeh nwj vkuaniqjh ds lehi ekuxhy ds fdukjs

fljksgh ds ikslkfy;k ds lehi pkSfVyk xkao

mn;iqj ds xksxaqnk dLcs esa

mn;qij ds >kejdksVM+k ds >kes'oj eafnj ifjlj esa

17 uoacj dks ,oa ekxZ'kh"k iwf.kZek

oS'kk[kh vekoL;k ls ,d lIrkg rd

oS'kk[kh iwf.kZek

oS'kk[kh vekoL;k

oS'kk[k d`".k iapeh

Hkknzin 'kqDy ,dkn'kh vFkkZr~ ty>wyuh ,dkn'kh

oS'kk[k 'kqDy iwf.kZek vFkkZr~ cq) iwf.kZek

izfro"kZ oS'kk[kh u{k= esa es"k ladzkfr dks 13 ;k 14 vizSy

pS= ekg ds 'kqDy i{k dh rht dks rhu fnolh; esyk

oS'kk[k 'kqDy iwf.kZek vFkkZr~ cq) iwf.kZek

jktLFkku dk tfy;kaokyk ds uke ls izfl)

lhrkekrk bl LFkku ij /kjrh esa lek;h

iki eqfDr dk /kke

lgfj;k dk dqaHk

bZlj x.kxkSj dh iwtk

ikSjkf.kd dky ls ijEijk

jfl;k ckye vFkkZr~ egf"kZ okYehfd ds uk[kwuksa ls fufeZr uDdh >hy

if'peh jktLFkku dk lcls cM+k Hkwjh;k ckck dk tutkfr esyk

xjkfl;k lekt dk esyk

tEcw _f"k ds uke ls >kes'oj esyk

ekuxhy dk esyk

xkSres'oj egknso dkesyk

xksxqank dk x.kxkSj esyk

>kes'oj egknso dk esyk

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mn;iqj ls 65 fdeh nwj _"kHknso ¼/kqyso½ LFkku ij

ckjka ftys esa 'kkgkckn ds dfiy/kkjk LFkku ij

fljksgh ftys ds Lo:ixat ls dksVM+k ekxZ ij Hkwyk&okyksfj;k

mn;iqj ftys ds >kM+ksy ds cnjk.kk LFkku ij

mn;iqj ftys ds lk;jk ds lehi injkM+k esa

mn;iqj esa Qrglkxj dh iky ,oa lgsfy;ksa dh ckM+h

mn;iqj ds xqykcckx ¼lTtu fuokl½ esa

jktlean ftys ds [keukSj ds lehi tjxk th dh igkM+h ij

jktlean ds JhukFk th ds eafnj ds eksrhegy esa

Mwaxjiqj ds nksoM+k iapk;r lfefr ds iky ek.Mo xkao

dslfj;k th dk esyk

dfiy/kkjk dk esyk

yhywM+h& oM+yh esyk

cnjk.kk dk xSj esyk

injkM+k dk esyk

gfj;kyh vekoL;k dk esyk

lqf[k;k lkseokj

tjxkth dk esyk

vUudwV mRlo

gM+efr;k esyk

pS= d`".k v"Veh ls uoeh

dkfrZd iwf.kZek

5 ebZ

pS= d`".k ,de~ dks

QkYxqu 'kqDy ,dkn'kh

Jko.k d`".k vekoL;k dks iq#"kksa ,oa Jko.k 'kqDy izfrink dks efgykvksa dk esyk

Jko.k ekl ds pkjksa lkseokj

QkYxqu d`".k prqnZ'kh

dkfrZd 'kqDy ,de~

dkfrZd iwf.kZek ij rhu fnolh; esyk

tSu rhFkZadj _"kHknso th dkykth ds uke ls izfl)

lgfj;k dk izfl) esyk

5 ebZ 1921 ds ujlagkj dh ;kn esa

xjkfl;k lekt dk esyk

xjkfl;k lekt dk esyk

LFkkuh; tu ,oa vkfnokfl;ksa dk esyk

efgykvksa dk esyk

ckck jkenso ds f'k"; tjxk th dk LFky

nhikoyh ds nwljs fnu vUudwV egksRlo

guqeku th ds LFkku ij fo'kky esyk

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O;kid Lrj ij izfrf"Br ,oa yksdfiz; essyksa esa cs.ks'oj esyk] ?kksfV;k vkack] ekuxhy ds fdukjs esyk] vkcwioZr] xkSres'oj egknso dk esyk] pksfVyk] xksxqank dk x.kxkSj esyk] dslfj;k th dk esyk] lhrkekrk dk esyk] gfj;kyh vekoL;k dk esyk] lqf[k;k lkseokj dk esyk izeq[k gSaA

cs.ks'oj esyk

mn;iqj ls 123 fdeh nwj Mwaxjiqj&ckalokM+k lhek ij lkcyk dLcs ls ikap fdeh nwj cs.ks'oj Vkiw ij izfro"kZ ek?k iwf.kZek dks izns'k dk lcls cM+k vkfnoklh esyk Hkjrk gSA ekgh] lkse ,oa tk[ke ufn;ksa ds fdukjs ij fLFkr cs.ks'oj /kke] okxM+ {ks= dk iz;kx] dk'kh] gfj}kj dgykrk gS rFkk ;gk¡ Hkjus okyk esyk egkdqaHk dgykrk gSA esys dk 'kqHkkjaHk ek?k 'kqDy ,dkn'kh dks gksrk gS tc ekoth egkjkt ds lkcyk fLFkr gfjeafnj ds xknhifr }kjk Jh d`".k Hkxoku ds nlosa vorkj fu"dyad Hkxoku dh 'kkgh lokjh }kjk iwtk vpZuk ,oa /otkjksg.k fd;k tkrk gSaA lkr fnolh; esys dk lekiu ek?k d`".k iapeh dks gksrk gSA

cs.ks'oj esys ds vk;kstu gsrq ckalokM+k ,oa Mwaxjiqj ftyk iz'kklu ds la;qDr rRoko/kku esa nqdkuksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa forj.k] jksM+ost clksa dk lapkyu] ifjogu ekxZ fu/kkZj.k] ikfdZax] lqj{kk] lhlhVhoh fuxjkuh] eksckbZy ny] vfXu'keu] is;ty] dkuwu&O;oLFkk vkfn leLr O;oLFkkvksa dk izcU/k fd;k

tkrk gSaA i;ZVu foHkkx jktLFkku rFkk if'peh {ks= lkaLd`frd dsanz] mn;iqj ds lg;ksx ls eqDrkdk'kh jaxeap ij rhu fnolh; laxhr ,oa u`R; egksRlo dk vk;kstu gksrk gSaA iz'kklu }kjk bl volj ij tutkrh; [ksy izfr;ksfxrkvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA

ekoth ds vuq;k;h] lkn& lEiznk; ds HkDr] dYykth lEiznk; ds lk/kq] ylkfM+;k iaFk ds Hkxr lfgr fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds ikap yk[k ls vf/kd J)kyq esys esa igq¡prs gSaA in ;kf=;ksa ds }kjk gkFk esa /keZ&/otk,a ysdj t;dkjsa yxkrs gq, ehyksa yEch ;k=k dh Fkdku esyk LFky ij igq¡prs gh dkQwj gks tkrh gSaaA esys dk eq[; vkd"kZ.k jk/kk d`".k] Hkxoku f'ko] czg~ek th] guqeku th] egf"kZ okYehfd vkfn eafnjksa esa

4

i wt k&vp Zu k d s l k F k lk/kq&larks a dh eaM+fy;k¡ leqps okrkoj.k dks HkfDr ls vksr&izksr dj nsrh gSaA ikSjkf.kd jktk cyh dh ikou ;K LFkyh vkcwnjk ds xgjkbZ okys ty rhFkZ LFky ij iwoZtks a dh vfLFk;ks a dk folZtu ¼Qwy i/kjkuk½ fd;k tkrk gS ,oa iwoZtksa dh eqfDr gsr q fir` riZ.k] Jk)]

nku&nf{k.kk vkfn dh ijaijk fuHkkbZ tkrh gSA esys esa ifo= Luku dk vuq"Bkuh; egRo gSaA ek?k ekg esa cnyrh _rq ds lkFk 'kjhj dks 'kfDr nsus ds fy;s Luku dk oSKkfud egRo Hkh gSaA laxe LFky ij jk=h dks nhinku ,oa ifo= unh dh vkjrh dh tkrh gSaA

esys esa ekoth egkjkt ds }kjk jfpr pkSiM+ksa ¼dqy ikap esa ls pkj pkSiM+s miyC/k½ dks Hkh vketu ds n'kZukFkZ j[kk tkrk gSaA HkwaxM+k ,oa vU; LFkkuksa ij edj lØkafr ij ekoth egkjkt dh Hkfo";ok.kh dk okpu Hkh fd;k tkrk gSaA xk;=h ifjokj dh vksj ls vk/;kfRed lkfgR; dk LVkWy yxk;k tkrk gSaA

esys dk O;kid vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd egRo gSaA esys esa lSadM+ksa vLFkk;h nqdkuksa esa gkV cktkj yxrk gS tgk¡ d`f"k midj.k] vUu cht] i'kq/ku] [ksy lkexzh] x`g mi;ksxh lkexzh] feV~Vh ds crZu] okn~; ;a=] rhj deku] xkM+ksfy;k ykSgkjksa ds }kjk fufeZr oLrq,¡] Ük`axkj lkexzh vkfn dk Ø;&foØ; fd;k tkrk gSaA esys esa yksdkuqjatu gsrq >wys] ldZl] u`R; xku] xksnuk&xqnokuk] u`R; laxhr vkfn dh /kwe eph jgrh gSaA ;qok Vksys eLrh esa >wers gq, Hkze.k djrs gSa] viuh ilan ds thou lkFkh dk pquko djrs gSaA vU; lkekftd jhfr&fjokt ,oa jLe vnk;xh rFkk esy&feyki ds fy, ;g esyk fojkV IysVQkeZ dk dk;Z djrk gSA

5

?kksfV;k vkack esyk

ckalokM+k ls 35 fdeh nwj ckjhxkek xzke esa vjkoyh dh igkM+h ij okxM+ dk izfl) ?kksfV;k vkack esyk pS= vekoL;k ls foØe laor~ ds uoo"kZ rd eq[; eafnj ij /keZ /otk pjuk mRiUu fd;k Fkk tks dsykikuh ds :i esa izfl) gSaA ;gk¡ fLFkr xaxk dq.M] ueZnk dq.M] ?kksVs'oj egknso] xkseq[k /kke] ik.Moksa dh ewfrZ;k¡] okYehfd eafnj vkfn n'kZuh; LFky gSaA izkphu /kw.kh esa lk/kq&larksa dh Hktu eaMfy;k¡ xhrksa ls lek cka/krh gSa rFkk uoo"kZ esa lq[k&le`f) dh dkeuk djrh gSaA ueZnk dq.M dk ikuh vfr ifo= ekuk tkrk gS ftldh fo'ks"k iwtk dh tkrh gSaA

6

ekux

xkSres'oj esyk] vjuksn

izrkix

vkJe esa jgh FkhA mUgha dh Le`fr esa ;g esyk vk;ksftr gksrk gSA

lgfj;k Qkjlh 'kCn ̂lgj* ls cuk gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS ̂taxy*A lgfj;k lHkh fgUnw ioks± ,oa R;ksgkjksa dks cM+h meax ds lkFk eukrs gSaA lhrkckM+h ds esys esa lgfj;k dh loksZPp pkSjkfl;k iapk;r Hkh tqM+rh gS ftlesa lekt ds fodkl lfgr lHkh ekeyksa ij ppkZ ds }kjk fu.kZ; fy;s tkrs gSaA

fl;kok dh xkSj

xjkfl;k jkT; dh rhljh lcls cM+h vkfnoklh vkcknh gSaA ;s viuh mRifÙk jktiwrksa ls ekurs gSaA vkcwjksM+ ls 8 fdeh nwj xqtjkr lhek ds djhc vEckth ekxZ ij fl;kok esa izfro"kZ oS'kk[k d`".k iapeh dk x.kxkSj dk esyk /kwe/kke ls Hkjrk gSA ;g esyk fllksfn;k oa'k }kjk 'kq# fd;k x;k FkkA bl esys esa xqtjkr ds Mhlk] dkSVs'oj] vEckth] nkark] vehjx

lkexzh dh [kjhnkjh] xksnuk xqnokuk] VsVw cuokuk ¼vaxzsth esa½] euksjatu ds fy;s ekSr dk dqvk¡] >wys] tknw ds [ksy] pdjh] Msªxu jkbM djuk o gkV cktkj ls [kjhnkjh] f[kykSus dh nqdkusa] vkfnoklh yksd dyk dh oLrq,a [kjhnuk eq[; vkdZ"k.k gSaA xjkfl;k ;qod gkFk esa jsfM;ks ,oa Vsi ctkrs gq, pyrs gSaA okguksa ij lokj vketu Hkh xhr xkrk gqvk pyrk gSA vkfnoklh viuh thi] eksVjlkbZdy] dkj] lkbZdy ij jaxhu xqCckjs yxkrs gSaA vkfnoklh xjkfl;k dbZ rjg ds vkHkw"k.k tSls&gkFki.k] dM+ys] rksM+s] dankSjk] ?kqa?k# vkfn igurs gSaA

_f"kds'k&Hknzdkyh esyk

vkcwjksM+ ls 6 fdeh nwj mej.kh xzke iapk;r esa vjkoyh igkM+h ds vkcw[kaM+ dh xksn esa fLFkr _f"kds'k ds eafnj esa ty>wyuh ,dkn'kh dks izfro"kZ fo'kky esyk Hkjrk gSaA bl fnu dks /otk X;kjl Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl esys esa vkfnoklh xjkfl;k ifo= ckofM+;ksa esa vius iwoZtksa dh vfLFk;k¡ folftZr dj fir`riZ.k djrs gSaA eafnj ifjlj esa cus rkykc ij vkfnoklh ijEijkxr jhfr&fjoktksa ds lkFk jkf= tkxj.k dj vius firjksa dh ;kn esa nhid tykrs gSaA

fdaonafr ds vuqlkj ;g LFky izkphu vejkorh uxjh gS tgk¡ jktk vEcjh'k us v/kjf'kyk dh igkM+h ij riL;k dh FkhA mudh riL;k ls Hkxoku _f"kds'k fo".kq ,oa df.kZds'oj egknso rFkk ek¡ Hknzdkyh izdV gq,A budh Le`fr esa jktk vEcjh'k us buds efUnj cuk, ftudk le;≤ ij ft.kksZ)kj gksrk jgkA bl esys esa vusd euksjatu dk;ZØe] vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd xfrfof/k;ka lEikfnr dh tkrh gSaA

uDdh >hy ds fdukjs esyk] vkcwioZr

izfro"kZ ihiyh iwue ¼cq) iwf.kZek½ dks jktLFkku ds ,d ek= ioZrh; LFky ekmUV vkcw esa uDdh >hy ds fdukjs xjkfl;k vkfnokfl;ksa dk fo'kky esyk Hkjrk gSA ;g ljksoj xjkfl;k lekt ds fy;s ifo= ljksoj gSA bldk egRo gfj}kj] x;k ,oa iq"dj ds leku gSA ikSjkf.kd ekU;rk ds vuqlkj uDdh >hy dk fuekZ.k jfl;k ckye vFkkZr~ okYehfd _f"k us dqaokjh dU;k ls fookg djus dh 'krZ esa vius uk[kwuksa ls [kqnkbZ dj fd;k FkkA bl esys esa vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk uDdh >hy esa Luku ,oa b"V nso dh iwtk dj vius fnoaxr ifjtuksa dh vfLFk;ksa dk fof/k fo/kku ds lkFk foltZu fd;k tkrk gS rFkk fir` riZ.k dh jLeksa ds lkFk vusd /kkfeZd dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA esys esa xjkfl;k vkfnoklh vius e`rdksa dks uk[kwu p

vkfnoklh

egknso lsok lfefr ds'kjiqjk uked laLFkk }kjk esys ds vk;kstu esa lg;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA eh.kk tutkfr ds X;kjg ijxuksa dk eq[; /kkfeZd ,oa lkekftd esyk gSA bl esys e as Hkkx yus s d s fy; s eys s l s 15 fnu iow Z n'kuZ kFkh Z ekla &efnjk dk los u ugh a djr s gAaS

xksxqank x.kxkSj esyk

mn;iqj ds xksxaqnk dLcs esa izfro"kZ rhu fnolh; x.kxkSj esys dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSaA ;g esyk LFkkuh; xjkfl;k lekt ds vkd"kZ.k dk egRoiw.kZ mRlo gSA jktLFkku ds lHkh {ks= esa xojh] rht] x.kxkSj dh ekU;rk gSA bZlj ,oa x.kxkSj dks lefiZr bl esys dk euksjatu ds lkFk lkekftd vk/;kfRed ,oa vkfFkZd egRo gSA vkfnoklh xjkfl;k vEcs ek¡ ds mikld gSaA vEcs ek¡ dh izrhd ikoZrh ;k xkSjh dh ;kn esa bl esys esa /kwe/kke ls Hkkx ysrs gSaA

dslfj;k th esyk

mn;iqj ls 65 fdeh nwj /kwyso xk¡o ls tSu rhFkZdj _"kHknso th dk efUnj gS ftUgsa iwtk esa vf/kd dslj p

'osrkEcj tSuer lfgr oS".ko fgUnqvksa] vkfnokfl;ksa lfgr lHkh LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa ds vkjk/; gSaA Hkxoku dh izfrek dkys izLrj ls cuh gksus ds dkj.k bUgsa dkfy;k ckck ds uke ls Hkh iqdkjrs gSaA

eafnj ifjlj esa }kj ds nk¡;h vksj pkjHkqtk th dk efUnj gSA blds lkFk efUnj ifjlj esa dqy 23 izfrek,a gSa rFkk izos'k }kj ij gkFkh dh izfrek,a gaSA eafnj dk j[kj[kko jktLFkku ljdkj ds nsoLFkku foHkkx }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA eafnj esa pS= d`".k v"Veh ,oa uoeh dks cM+k mRlo euk;k tkrk gSa ,oa 'kksHkk;k=k Hkh fudkyh tkrh gSA

lhrkekrk esyk

izrkix

dk lkekftd psruk ds izlkj ds :i esa ,sfrgkfld egRo gSaA esys fo'kky ekuo tulewg ds feyu ds dsUnz gSaA jktLFkku] xqtjkr] e/;izns'k ,oa egkjk"Vª ds fo'kky tulewg bu esyksa dks thoUr cukrs gSaA tutkfr;ka izd`fr izse ,oa cgqnsookn ls tqM+h laLd`fr] ijaijkxr Kku ,oa Je iw.kZ thou O;rhr djus ds lkFk vHkkoksa esa lgdkj dh Hkkouk dks cuk;s j[krs gq, yksd laLd`fr dh j{kk djrh gSaaA bu esykas esa gkV cktkj tutkfr;ksa dh vkfFkZd /kwjh dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA iafMr tokgj yky usg# ds tutkrh; iap'khy dk ikyu djrs gq, okfpd lkfgR; ,oa Kku dks fyfic) djrs gq, esyk laLd`fr dks cpkuk vko';d gSaA bu esykas esa d`f"k ,oa oU; mRikn dh xszfM+ax] xq.khtuksa }kjk gcZy mipkj dks lfVZfQds'ku] LFkk;h gkV cktkj O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk dj bl laLd`fr dks cpkuk vko';d gS D;ksafd ;g ekuo ds vkRe xkSjo] i;kZoj.k j{kk] vktknh ds vkanksyu dh vy[k txkus ds lkFk vuojr pyrh laLd`fr dh fu>Zj.kh jgh gSaA bl {ks= esa esys] fodkl esa viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA ljdkj dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dk izpkj&izlkj ;gka fd;k tk ldrk gSA esys esa Lor% LQqrZ mHkj dj vk;h LFkkuh; [ksy izfrHkkvksa] lkeqnkf;d usr`Ro ,oa m|ferk dks lEcy iznku fd;k tkuk t:jh gSA

lUnHkZ lkfgR;

1- *'kgknr ds 100 lky* ekuxfedk] vad 43] izrki 'kks/k izfr"Bku] mn;iqj

14

vkfnoklh laLd`fr dk lqxaf/kr fu>Zj % xkSres'oj esyk

izse 'kadj eh.kk*

okxM+] ekyok vkSj esokM+ ds laLÑfr laxe LFky izrkix

blds ckn Hkh bl LFkku dk fuekZ.k gksrk jgkA ̂ ^izfrgkj ijeky dky esa Hkh ;gk¡ eafnjksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk jgkA blds izek.k ds :i esa ;gk¡ ls feyh ,d LFkkud lw;Z

5izfrek gSA^^ blls vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g izfrek fdlh nsork dh Hkh jgh gksxhA laHko gS ;s lkjs eafnj dkykUrj esa fdlh dkj.k ls u"V gks x, gksaxsA ysfdu budk iqu% fuekZ.k ̂ ^ek.Mq ds lqYrku ds le; esa djok;k x;kA blds izek.k eafnj ds

6ckgj yxs f'kykys[k gSaA^^ ;gk¡ ij vU; izek.kkas esas ,slk Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd bl LFkku ij ukFk iafFk;ksa dk Hkh dsUnz gksxkA ^^xkSres'oj nsoky; ds lHkkx`g ds LraHkksa ij ijekjdkyhu fyfi esa dfri; ukFkksa ds uke vafdr gSaA bu LraHkkas ij vkSj Hkh ys[k

7mRdh.kZ gaS ftudk okpu 'ks"k gSA^^ blh izdkj xkSres'oj ds ikl esa gh eaxys'oj egknso dk eafnj gS bl eafnj ds lkeus tks dq.M gS og dq.M fuf'pr gh izkphu izrhr gksrk gSA xkSres'oj ds eq[; eafnj esa tks ewy f'kofyax dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS] bl f'kofyax dh LFkkiuk dk dky Kkr ugha gksdj bl fyax dh LFkkiuk vukfn dky esa gqbZ gksxh] ,slk ekuk tkrk gSA bl fyax dks ̂ ^eqxydky esa ;k eqxy vkØe.k ds nkSjku

8fdlh ckn'kkg }kjk [kf.Mr djus dk iz;kl fd;kA^^ ;g izfrek ns[kus ls izrhr gksrk gS ysfdu ewy ^^f'kofyax dks ckn'kkg }kjk lEiw.kZ :i ls u"V ugh gks ldk vkSj f'kofyax ds njkjsa iM+h rFkk f'kofyax ds eLrd ds djhc ,d QhV xgjk xM~Mk

9fo|eku gS] ftlesa ty Hkjk jgrk gSA^^ fuf'pr gh bl lEiw.kZ {ks= esa ;g xkSres'oj dk f'kofyax peRdkfjd rFkk vykSfdd gSA igkM+h ds Åij ,d dq.M gSA bl dq.M dk egÙo ;gk¡ dh oU; tkfr;ksa rFkk vU; yksxksa esa fo'ks"k gSA ekU;rk gS fd blesa Luku rFkk nku djus ls vKkuo'k gqbZ fdlh tho dh gR;k ds iki dk fuokj.k gks tkrk gSA

;g LFky vkfnoklh lekt dk lcls ifo= LFky ekuk tkrk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd ̂^=srk;qx esa egf"kZ Ük`ax dk riksLFky jgk gSA ftuds ri o izrki ls Lo;a xaxk eS;k&

10eUnkfduh ;gk¡ ij vorfjr gqbZA^^ ifo= xaxk ek¡ us ;gk¡ ij vorkj fy;k FkkA ̂ ^bl ifo= dq.M esa Luku djus ls U;k; 'kkL= ds iz.ksrk egf"kZ xkSre dks xkS gR;k ds ckn eas

11eqfDr izkIr gqbZ FkhA^^ bl eankfduh dq.M eas Luku djus ls euq"; }kjk fd, x, ikiksa ls eqfDr gksrh gSA ;gk¡ dk eankfduh&dq.M Hkkjr dh lcls ifo= vkSj iwtuh; ekuh tkus okyh unh xaxk dh&lh ekU;rk j[krk gSA

dgk x;k gS fd =srk;qx esa egf"kZ Ük`ax us bl LFky ij jgdj dBksj riL;k dh Fkh ftuds izrki ls ;gk¡ xaxk dh Hkwfexr /kkjk izdV gqbZA LFkkuh; yksxksa dk fo'okl fd tSls& _f"koj xkSre dks xkS&gR;k ds iki ls ;gk¡ eankfduh&dq.M vkdj Luku djus ls ̂eqfDr^ feyh Fkh] mlh rjg bl dq.M esaa Luku djus vkSj xkSres'oj egknso ds n'kZu ls lkjs iki u"V gks tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd blh /kkfeZd LFky ij cuh gqbZ vkfnokfl;ksa dh iqjkuh ^dpgjh^ vkSipkfjd rkSj ij Nik gqvk vkSj eksgj yxk gqvk ^ikieqfDr izek.k i=^ Hkh tkjh djrh gSA ikieqfDr dk izek.k&i= fn;k tkrk gSA blhfy, ;gk¡ ds vklikl ds yksx bl esys ij Luku djus ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls vkrs gaSA ;gk¡ ij gj o"kZ oS'kk[k iwf.kZek ij vkfnokfl;ksa dk esyk Hkjrk gS vkSj yksx bldk

16

ykHk izkIr djrs gaSA blds ckn Hkh o"kZ Hkj tc&tc lkseorh vekoL;k ;k iwf.kZek vkrh gS rks yksx xqtjkr] e/;izns'k vkSj jktLFkku ls gtkjksa J)kyq bl volj ij eankfduh dq.M o xkSres'oj ds n'kZu djds ifo=rk dk ykHk izkIr djrs gaSA ;g esyk vkfnoklh tutkfr dh J)k dk izeq[k dsUnz gSA

lanHkZ xzaFk

1- xkSres'oj efUnj lfefr] izrkix

nf{k.kh jktLFkku dk fl)ihB 'kkSyh guqeku esyk

MkW- x.ks'k yky eh.kk*

izrkix

vkapfyd esykas esa bldh Hkwfedk Hkh de ugha gSA o"kZ i;ZUr n'kZukfFkZ;ksa dk

gqtwe yxk jgrk gSA txn~xq# 'kadjkpk;Z us vius izokl ds nkSjku bl ihB dh

LFkkiuk dh Fkh] ,slk Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA

cgqla[;d oxZ vkfnoklh gS rFkk vkfnokfl;ksa dh J)k o vkLFkk 'kkSyh

'kfDrihB gSA gkykfd blesa lHkh oxksaZ ds yksxksa ds fy, njokts [kqys jgrs gSaA ;g

LFkku xqtjkr ds v{kj/kke eafnj vkSj jktLFkku ds lkaofy;k th eafnj dh rtZ ij

fufeZr gks jgk gSA ;gk¡ e/;izns'k] xqtjkr] jktLFkku ds vykok Hkkjr ds vU; jkT;ksa ds

n'kZukFkhZ n'kZu ds fy, vkrs gaSA

'kkSyh guqeku th eafnj esa ekufld fodkj ,oa ydok xzLr O;fDr vkrs gSa vkSj

os izHkq d``ik ls LoLFk gksdj tkrs gaS] ,slh ekU;rk gSA ;gk¡ vkus okys n'kZukFkhZ viuh

j{kk ds fy, ̂ihyk /kkxk^ j{kklw= [kjhndj ys tkrs gaSA izlknh ds :i esa ckck txUukFk

th dh ̂/kw.kh^ dh ̂HkHkwrh^ dks lkFk ysdj tkrs gaS] ftl izdkj lk¡ofy;k th esa ̂feJh^ dk

Hkksx yxkrs gSa] mlh izdkj ̂ HkHkwrh^ dks izlkn ekurs gSaA 'kkSyh guqeku th ds eafnj ds

n'kZukfFkZ;ksa ls ;gk¡ ds LFkkuh; yksxksa dks jkstxkj feyk gSA lEcfU/kr nqdkusa yxkdj

viuh vkthfodk pykrs gaSA esykfFkZ;ksa dh lqfo/kk gsrq fofHkUu lqfo/kkvksa dh O;oLFkk

dj j[kh gSA esyk LFky ij tkus ds fy, cl dk jkLRkk de iM+ jgk FkkA ogk¡ vc

e/;izns'k&jktLFkku dh lhek dks tksM+us esa ̂ jkstM^+ unh ij cM+k iqy cuk;k x;k gSA

ftlls n'kZukfFkZ;ksa dk vkokxeu ljy vkSj lgt gks x;k gSA

'kkSyh guqeku 'kfDrihB dh d`ik ls ;gk¡ vkijkf/kd d`R; ,oa MdSrh&pksjh oxSjg vHkh rd ugha ds cjkcj gqbZ gSA J)kyq ,oa HkDr viuh eUur iwjh gksus ds ckn dFkk] izopu ,oa izlknh djokrs gaS rFkk viuh bPNkuqlkj fdlh Hkh :i esa p

FkhA ,d fnu ckyd txUukFk th viuh mez ds ckydksa ds lkFk fHk{kko`fÙk ds ckn [ksy jgs FksA rHkh ̂ ^xk¡o ds ikl gh ,d [kky ¼ukyk ;k unh½ FkkA mlh ds ikl xk¡o ds lkjs yksx dwM+k&djdV] dpjk ys tkdj QSad fn;k djrs FksA mlh dpjs ds

Hkkjrh; lekt o laLd`fr eas rhFkksaZ dk cgqr egRo gSA og LFkku tks fdlh

fpard] euh"kh ;k fdlh egkiq#"k ds tUe] fuokZ.k ;k peRdkfjd ?kVukvksa ls tqMk+

gksrk gS] mls rhFkZ ¼ifo=½ LFkku dgk tkrk gSA bl izdkj ds rhFkZ LFkku unh&ukyksa ds

fdukjs] ioZrh; {ks=ksa] leqnzh; rVksa] xqQkvksa] ljksojksa ds fdukjs ou o vj.;ksa esa fLFkr

gksrs gSaA bu LFkkuksa ds n'kZukFkZ ns'k ds fofHkUu {ks=kasa ls yksx vkrs gSaA bu rhFkZ LFkyksa ij

gksus okys vk;kstuksa esa c

1dh O;oLFkk iapk;r djokrh gSA^^ D;ksafd vHk;kj.; {ks= gksus dh otg ;gk¡ fctyh

ugha gSA blfy, esys ds le; fctyh dh vkiwfrZ tujsVjksa }kjk dh tkrh gSA

izrkix

jke&jko.k ;q) ds ckn tc v;ks/;k dh turk us lhrk th ds pfj= ij iz'u

mBk;kA blh dkj.k Hkxoku jke us lhrk th dks ouokl ns fn;k Fkk] ,slk jke dFkkvksa

esa feyrk gSA y{e.k th }kjk ekrk tkudh dks blh ou eas NksM+k x;k FkkA bl ou {ks=

esa fLFkr okYehfd vkJe esa lhrk th us jguk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA ,slk Hkh ekuk tkrk gS

fd blh vkJe esa ek¡ tkudh us yo&dq'k dks tUe fn;kA

ikSjkf.kd ekU;rkvksa ds vuqlkj =srk ;qx esa v;ks/;k ds jktkjke ds v'oes?k

;K dk ?kksM+k NksM+k FkkA bl v'oes?k ;K ds ?kksM+s dks bl ou {ks= ls xqtjrs gq,

yo&dq'k us ns[kk] brus lqUnj lqlfTtr ?kksM+s dks ns[kdj mUgksaus ?kksM+s dks idM+

fy;kA ?kksM+s ds ihNs py jgh Jh jke dh lsuk ds lsukifr us ckydksa dks le>kus dk

iz;kl fd;k ysfdu os vlQy jgsA ckydksa dks ;q) dk Mj crk;k ysfdu ckyd ugha

ekus vkSj mUgksaus ;q) esa Jher dh lsuk dks gjk fn;kA lkFk gh v;ks/;k ds vU; ;ks)k

Hkh gkj tkrs gSa rc guqeku th ;q) dks tkrs gSaA ;q)LFky ij ckydksa dks ns[kdj

vk'p;Zpfdr jg tkrs gaSA brus rst o izrki ls ;qDr ckyd dksbZ ek;koh ckyd rks

ugha gS] blh dk irk djus ds fy, tSls gh guqeku th buds ekrk&firk rFkk ifjokj

dh tkudkjh ikus ds fy, /;ku yxkrs gSa rks os ek¡ tkudh rFkk jktkjke ds n'kZu ikrs

gaSA bl izdkj os iwjh ckr dks le> tkrs gSa vkSj ;q) u djds os vius vkidks muds

v/khu dj ysrs gSA ̂^;g ?kVuk blh ou {ks= esa ?kVh Fkh rFkk ;gk¡ ij cus guqeku eafnj

ds ikl fdlh isM+ ls guqeku th dks ck¡/kk x;k Fkk ftudh ;kn esa ;gk¡ guqeku eafnj 4cuk gSA^^ ;q) dh [kcj v;ks/;k tkrh gS fd mUgksaus guqeku th dks canh cuk j[kk gSA

rc Hkxoku Jh jke [kqn ;q)LFky vkrs gaSA ckydksa dks ns[krs gSaA ckyd ;q) djus dks

dgrs gSaA ek¡ lhrk dks ;q) dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA og Hkh ;q)LFky ij vk tkrh gS

rFkk firk&iq=ksa ds ;q) ls jksdrh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd ;s rqEgkjs firk gSaA bl ?kVuk ds

ckn Hkxoku jke lhrk th dh ifo=rk ds fy, vfXuijh{kk nsus dks dgrs gaSA blls ek¡

tkudh vkgr gks tkrh gS rFkk vfXu ijh{kk Lo:i /kjrh ek¡ ls fourh djrh gS fd esjs

lkjs dk;Z iw.kZ gks x, gSaA eq>s vius esa lek yksA ;g lqurs gh /kjrh nks ikVksa esa QV xbZ

rFkk lhrk th mlesa lek xbZA ftl LFkku ij ek¡ lhrk /kjrh eas lekbZ mlh LFkku ij

,d dq.M vkt Hkh fo|eku gSA blh dq.M ds fdukjs lhrkekrk dk ikSjkf.kd eafnj cuk

gqvk gS] ftlds uke ij bl {ks= dk uke lkFkZZd gksrk gSA

bl ?kVuk ds ckjs esa iqtkjh ghjkyky th us crk;k fd&^^guqeku eafnj ds ikl

fLFkr dq.M esa ekrk tkudh us Luku fd;kA Luku djus ds ckn lhrk th guqeku eafnj

ls /kjrh dks phjrh gqbZ orZeku eafnj rd xbZ rFkk ;gk¡ cus dq.M esa /kjrh ek¡ us lhrk 5th dks n'kZu fn, rFkk lhrkekrk bl dq.M dk fuekZ.k djrh gqbZ /kjrh esa lek xbZA^^

blls vkxs os crkrs gaS fd&^^bl dq.M esa Hkxoku jke uke dh 'khyk rSjrh Fkh tks

23

6dkykarj esa blh dq.M eas Mwc xbZ FkhA ftldks muds ¼ghjkyky½ iwoZtksa us ns[kk FkkA^^

,slk os crkrs gaSA

bl ou {ks= esa blds vykok vkSj Hkh n'kZuh; LFkku gSaA tSls& okYehfd vkJe

¼yo&dq'k dk tUe LFkku½] guqeku eafnj] lhrkekrk eafnj] lhrkokM+h] xje o B.Ms

ty ds Lkzksr] cjxn dk isM+ ftl ij yo&dq'k us cpiu fcrk;k] ;g isM+ pkj&ik¡p

fdyksehVj {ks= esa QSyk gqvk gSA blds lkFk&lkFk ,sfrgkfld o ikSjkf.kd egÙo ds

vU; n'kZuh; LFkku gaSA ^^vHk;kj.; {ks= esa fLFkr rh[kh exjh uked LFkku ls 5

fdyksehVj nwj ,d vU; LFkku y[khHkV~Vk gSA tgk¡ ij izkxSfrgkfld tkuojksa ds fp= 7pV~Vkuksa ij mRdh.kZ gaSA^^

lhrk ekrk eafnj ds lkFk&lkFk ;g {ks= orZeku esa vHk;kj.;] ou ,oa oU;

thoksa ds fy, izfl) gSA ̂ ^;g vjkoyh vkSj foa/;kpy ioZrekyk esa QSyh gqbZ gSA ;g

,d ek= LFkku gS tgk¡ bekjrh ydM+h lkxoku ds isM+ ik, tkrs gaSA eksVs rkSj ij

fofHkUu izdkj ds isM+ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ;gk¡ vk/ks ls vf/kd lkxkSu ds isM+ ik, tkrs gaSA

blesa ik;k tkus okyk lcls egÙoiw.kZ o fof'k"V tkuoj mM+us okyh fxygjh gS tks

jkr esa fopj.k djrh gSA bldks egqvksa ds isM+ks esa cus dksVjksa esa fopj.k djrs gq, ns[kk 8tk ldrk gSA^^ blds vykok fofHkUu izdkj ds tkuoj ,oa i'kq&i{kh ns[ks tk ldrs

gSaA bl izdkj ;g LFkku /kkfeZd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; dkj.kksa ls aviuh fo'ks"k igpku j[krk

gSA

lanHkZ lwph

1- bUVjusV }kjkA

2- www.pratapgarh.nic.in

3- eafnj ds iqtkjh Jh ghjkyky th ds vuqlkjA

4- guqeku eafnj ds ikl fLFkr ys[kkuqlkjA

5- eafnj ds iqtkjh Jh ghjkyky th ds vuqlkjA

6- oghA

7- bUVjusV }kjkA

8- www.pratapgarh.nic.in

24

jktLFkku dh Hkhy tutkfr ds nsork] mRlo vkSj esys

vkjlh izlkn >k*

*vuqla/kku lg;ksxh] Hkkjrh; ekuofoKku losZ{k.k] izrki uxj] mn;iqj

yksdsUæ flag 'ks[kkor**

**dfu"B “kks/k v/;srk] Hkkjrh; ekuofoKku losZ{k.k] izrki uxj] mn;iqj

orZeku v/;;u dk mn~ns'; jktLFkku ds Hkhy tutkfr ds /kkfeZd mRlo o esyksa dk v/;;u djuk gSA bl 'kks/k i= ys[ku ds fy, izkFkfed lzksr ds :Ik esa vYidkyhu le; ds fy, voyksdu] Nk;kfp=] lk{kkRdkj vkfn dks iz;ksx esa fy;k x;k o f}rh;d lzksr ds :Ik esa iqLrdsa] 'kks/k if=dk@lelkef;dh] 'kks/ki=] fjiksVZ] ljdkjh fjdkWMZ] vkfn dh lgk;rk yh x;hA jktLFkku ds Hkhy tutkfr x.ks'k] fd'ku] HkhyV nso] HkSjo nso] bUnzy nso] xksiky nso] cSjkg nso] egk nsork] ckck nso] nsoh] dkfydk] 'kkjnk] paMh] yks

esgrk ¼1993½ us viuh iqLrd esa mYys[k fd;k gS fd Hkkjr esa 1891 o"kZ esa Hkhy tkfr dh tula[;k 3942175] 1901 esa Hkhy tula[;k 1198843] 1921 esa Hkhy tula[;k 1855617] 1911 esa Hkhy tula[;k 2000000] 1941 esa Hkhy tula[;k 2330270 o 1951 esa Hkhy tula[;k 2233000 FkhA 1961 dh tux.kukuqlkj] jktLFkku esa dqy tutkfr 2309447 Fks] ftlesa 906709 ¼39-26 izfr'kr½ Hkhy Fks ¼esgrk] 1993½A Bhd blh izdkj] 1971 dh tux.kukuqlkj] jktLFkku esa dqy tutkfr 3125506 Fks] ftlesa 1437937 ¼46-01 izfr'kr½ Hkhy Fks ¼esgrk] 1993½A 1981 bZ- dh tux.kukuqlkj] jktLFkku dh laiw.kZ tutkfr ¼4183124½ esa Hkhy 44-80 izfr'kr ¼la[;k&18]61]502½ gSaA nks'kh o O;kl ¼1992½ us mYys[k fd;k gS fd laiw.kZ tutkfr tula[;k esa Hkhy 44-50 izfr'kr ,oa Hkhy eh.kk 0-446 izfr'kr gSaA blh izdkj] 2011 bZ- dh tux.kukuqlkj] jktLFkku esa Hkhy dh tula[;k 42]05]657 gS] tks fd jktLFkku dh laiw.kZ tutkfr ¼92]38]534½ ds ;ksx esa ;s 45-52 izfr'kr gSA fiNys 30 o"kksZa ds Hkhy tutkfr ds rqyukRed v/;;u ds ifj.kke ;g bafxr djrs gSa fd tutkfr;ksa dh tula[;k esa Hkhyksa dh 0-72 izfr'kr dh o`f) ¼1981 bZ- dh tux.kuk dh rqyuk esa 2011 bZ- dh tutkrh; fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij½ gqbZ gSA uohure vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj] 2011 bZ- dh tux.kuklqj Hkhyksa ds la[;kRed vk¡WadM+ksa dks bl izdkj le>k tk ldrk gSA

Øela-

ftys dkuke

dqy ;ksx Øe la- ftys dkuke

dqy ;ksx

1 Xkaxkuxj 808 18 tkykSj 151943

2 guqekux< 262 19 fljksgh 112804

3 chdkusj 1769 20 Ikkyh 32367

4 Pkq: 81 21 vtesj 33145

5 >qa>quwa 72 22 Vksad 13992

6 vyoj 730 23 cwUnh 39541

7 Hkjriqj 384 24 HkhyokM+k 130398

8 /kkSyiqj 31 25 jktlean 154545

9 djkSyh 192 26 Mw¡xjiqj 765377

10 lokbZek/kksiqj 224 27 ck¡lokM+k 1340376

11 nkSlk 195 28 fpÙkkSM+x

14 ukxkSj 394 31 >kykokM+ 105161

15 Tkks/kiqj 107524 32 mn;iqj 674674

16 tSlyesj 41555 33 izrkix< 102116

17 ckM+esj 173305 lexz ;ksx 4205657

Hkhy jktLFkku jkT; ds Xkaxkuxj] guqekuxqa>quwa] vyoj] Hkjriqj] /kkSyiqj] djkSyh] lokbZek/kksiqj] nkSlk] t;iqj] Lkhdj] ukxkSj] Tkks/kiqj] tSlyesj] ckM+esj] tkykSj] fljksgh] ikyh] vtesj] Vksad] cwUnh] HkhyokM+k] jktlean] Mw¡xjiqj] ck¡lokM+k] fpÙkkSM+xkykokM+] mn;iqj ,oa izrkix

Ckkck nso buds izeq[k nsork gSaA Hkxoku “kadj ds ;s mikld gSa ,oa nq%[kh voLFkk esa bu nsoh&nsork dk uke iqdkjus ls budks larks"k feyrk gSA Hkhy ekurs gSa fd f”ko us buds HkkX; esa pksjh djuk fy[k fn;k gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd egk”kfDr dh iwtk ds fy, viuh /kuq"k&ck.k dks fxjoh j[ks FksA ;s ikoZrh o HkSjo dh iwtk djrs gSaA HkSjo dh lokjh dqÙkk gSA Hkhy ;g ekurs gSa fd ouokfl;ksa dh dqÙkk gh j{kk djrk gSA blhfy, dqÙks dks ekjuk ;k lrkuk ugha pkfg,A guqeku Hkhy xzke ds laj{kd gSa blhfy, ;s budh flanwj o ukfj;y ls iwtk o izkFkZuk djrs gSaA Hkhyksa ds d`f"k nso ghjdqy;ks gSa blhfy, ;s bUgsa [kq”k djus ds fy, ikol _rq esa lHkh Hkhy feydj ukp&xkuk djrs gSa vkSj buds eafnj esa feV~~Vh ls fufeZr ?kksM+s p

ysfdu] tc fganw laLd`fr] nsork] IkoZ&R;ksgkj] mRlo] esys] vkfn dh ckr dh xbZ rks buesa fganwRo gh fn[krk gSA oekZ ¼1992½ us viuh iqLrd esa mYys[k fd;k gS fd blkbZ fe”kufj;ksa }kjk vk;ksftr lsok dk;ksZa esa Hkhy tutkfr esa ubZ vk”kk dk mn~Hko gqvk gS] oSls jktLFkku dh Hkhy tutkfr esa ubZ vk”kk dk mn~Hko de gqvk gSA blkbZ fe”kufj;ksa ds dk;ksZa ls Hkhy leqnk; esa leL;k;sa iSnk gqbZ gSaA Hkhyksa esa Ikks”kkd o jgu&lgu ds vykok bUkesa eknd inkFkksZa dk lsou Hkh bldk ,d ifj.kke gSA jktLFkku NksM+dj vU; jkT; ds Hkhyksa esa fxfjtk?kjksa esa izkFkZuk esa Hkkx ysus o /keZ dh ijh{kk ikl djus ij Hkhyksa dks ukSdjh dk izyksHku fn;k tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:Ik dqN Hkhyksa esa blkbZdj.k dk izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA egktu ¼2012½ us crk;k gS fd tutkfr;ksa esa ckgjh yksxksa ds laidZ us buds /keZ dks u;k Lo:Ik fn;k gS ftlesa iknjh o fe”kufj;ksa dk cgqr cM+k gkFk gSA nks"kh ,oa O;kl ¼1992½ us Hkh mYys[k fd;k gS fd Hkhyksa dk vU; tkfr;ksa ls laidZ c

tUe nsus ds miYk{; esa½] xksiky nso iwtk ¼d``".k dh iwtk½] xzkenso dh iwtk ¼cM+k nso dh iwtk½] nhoklk ¼ckcknsc dh eafnj ds lkeus feV~~Vh ls fufeZr ?kksM+s dh iwtk½] uokbZ Jk) ¼o#.k nso dh iwtk dh vfHkO;fDr ds le; unh] rkykc] dq,¡ vkfn dh iwtk½] v{k; r`rh;k ¼fookg] edku] vkfn dk fuekZ.k½] Hkxksfy;k ¼gksyh ls ,d lIrkg iwoZ ls vkjaHk gksdj var rd gksus okyh iwtk½ vkfn gSaA oekZ ¼1992½ ds vuqlkj] Hkhy nhikoyh ij vkfr”kckth djrs gSa o cSyksa ds lhaxksa dks j¡xuk o ikyrw tkuojksa dh lkQ&lQkbZ dk dk;Z djrs gSaA esgrk ¼1993½ ds vuqlkj] Hkhy vU; fganw leqnk;ksa dh rjg gh gksyh] nhikoyh] edj lØkafr vkfn eukrs gSaA ;s nhikoyh vkus ls ianzg fnu iwoZ rS;kjh “kq: dj nsrs gSa o ;s nhikoyh esa ghjk xhr xkrs gSaA ;s pkSnl ds fnu dks dkyh pkSnl ds :Ik esa eukrs gSa ftlesa ;s vius iwoZtksa ds Lekjdksa dh iwtk&ikB djrs gSa ¼esgrk] 1993½A la{ksi esa] ;s gksyh] j{kkca/ku] ukx iapeh] f”kojkf=] guqeku t;arh] vkfn eukrs gSaA bu lHkh e as Hkhy efgykvk as dh fo”k"s k Hkfw edk gkrs h gAS ; s ykxs xxa k ekrk dh Hkh itw k djr s gAaS

Eksys

tutkrh; esys vc Ik;ZVu dk :Ik ys jgs gSa ¼Ckkxph o buds lg;ksxh] 2008½] tks fd Ik;ZVd dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djus o LFkkuh; yksxksa ds fy, jkstxkj ds u, volj ns jgs gSaA 1969 esa Ik;ZVu eU=ky; }kjk fn, x, vk¡dM+ksa ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd 54 izfr”kr Ik;ZVd Hkkjr esa ;k=k djuk blfy, ilUn djrs gSa fd D;ksafd ;gk¡ lqUnj ekuod`r bekjrsa] efUnj o fxjtk?kj gSaA ;gh otg gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj us /kkfeZd Ik;ZVu ds fodkl ij tksj fn;k gS ¼flag] 2013½A jktLFkku ds jkT;iky ekuuh; ̂Jh dY;k.k flag* us 2004 esa if”peh {ks=h; lkaLd`frd dsUnz] mn;iqj dh xofuZax ckWMh dh ,fDtD;wfVo cksMZ dh la;qDr cSBd esa crk;k fd] xjhcksa dks jkstxkj l`ftr djus okys lkaLd`frd mRlo vk;ksftr fd, tkus pkfg, vkSj lkaLd`frd dk;ZØeksa ls Ik;ZVu dks c

ij yxk, tkrs gSa] buds ihNs dqN /kkkfeZd dkj.k gksrs gSaA bu esyksa esa dqN esys lkIrkfgd] ekfld o dqN fnu ds fy, gksrs gSaA ;s esys lehi ds dLcksa ;k xk¡oksa esa yxrs gSaA buesa LFkkuh; esyk ,d fnu dk o fo”ks"k esyk nks ;k rhu fnu dk gksrk gSA

Hkhy tutkfr esa *?kksfV;k vack dk esyk* egÙoiw.kZ gS ¼esgrk] 1993½A ;g LFkku igys ?kksVs”oj egknso ds eafnj ds uke ls izfl) FkkA Ik;ZVu ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ;g egÙoiw.kZ LFky gSA ;gk¡ ds izkd`frd >jus dk ty xkS&eq[k ls gksrk gqvk f”kokfyd ij gj le; fxjrk jgrk gSA ck¡lokM+k ftys ds dq”kyxyd ns[kus dks feyrh gS] tks Hkhyksa dh vkuan dh vuqHkwfr dk dsUnz gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ikaMoksa us ouokl ds le; ;gk¡ ij dqN le; fcrk;k Fkk ,oa ouokl dh bl vof/k esa ikaMoksa us dbZ _f"k&eqfu;ksa dks ;gk¡ Hkkstu djok;kA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd Hkxoku banz ls bUgsa vke dh xqByh izkIr gqbZA bl xqByh dks blh LFkku ij cks fn;k x;kA dbZ o"kZ chrus ds ckn ;gh Qy _f"k&eqfu;ksa ds Hkkst esa dke fy;k x;kA ;gk¡ peRdkfjd dsyksa ds IkÙks ij _f"k&eqfu;ksa us Hkkstu fd;k FkkA ,d fdaonfUr ds vuqlkj] ml Hkkstu ds nkSjku Hkwfe ij fxjs pkoy ds nkus vkt ikS/ks cus gq, gSaA Hkhy vkt Hkh ;gk¡ mits gq, iÙkksa dks vUu HkaMkj esa j[krs gSaA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd vUu HkaMkj esa bu iÙkksa dks j[kus ls vUu HkaMkj ges”kk Qyrk&Qwyrk jgsxkA ,slk Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fd ;gk¡ ij ,d f”ko dk eafnj Fkk] tgk¡ ikaMo jgrs FksA dksVs”oj egknso ds eafnj ds fudV ik¡p dq.M gSa] ftlesa Hkhy Luku dj vius vki dks cgqr gh lkSHkkX;”kkyh ekurs gSa ¼dkys] 1987½A

dkys ¼1987½ us vius v/;;u esa ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd Hkhy tutkfr esa *fcV~By nso dk esyk* izpfyr gSA ;g esyk jktLFkku ds ck¡lokM+k ftyk ds fcV~Bynso xk¡o esa edj laØkafr ds ckn vkus okyh iwf.kZek ij yxrk gSA cM+h la[;k esa Hkhy esyk ns[kus vkrs gSaA ;s vius Lrj ij ,d cgqr cM+k esyk gSA ;gk¡ Ikj jkf= esa ukp&xkus] >wys] xhr] Hktu&la/;k vkfn dk;ZØe dk ykHk mBkrs gSaA bldk bfrgkl 150 ls 200 o"kZ iqjkuk gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd foV~By vkSj ctqvk nks HkkbZ FksA nksuksa HkkbZ vius Lrj cM+k gksus dk nkok izLrqr djrs FksA bl o`Ùkkar us bl esyk dks tUe fn;kA

Hkhyksa dk ,d izeq[k esyk *xkSres”oj esyk* izrkix

ufn;ksa&lkse] ekgh vkSj tk[ke ds laxe LFky gksus ds dkj.k ;g LFkku tutkfr;ksa lfgr vU; leqnk;ksa ds fy, ;g ifo= LFkku ekuk tkrk gSA cs.ks”oj vFkkZr~ Vkiw ds bZ”oj ds :Ik esa yksx bUgsa ekurs gSaA bl LFky ij nwj&nwj ls Hkhy lfgr vU; yksx eUurksa dks ysdj vkrs gSa ,oa ;s ekurs gSa fd ;gk¡ vkus ls mUgsa “kkfUr feyrh gS ,oa gj leL;k nwj gksrh gSA esyk vof/k dks NksM+dj Hkh yksx lky ds vU; fnu Hkh yksx ;gk¡ vkrs gSaA lar ekoth egkjkt] tks fd tkfr ls czkg~e.k FksA ;s /keZ”kkL=h ,oa nk”kZfud FksA budk tUe LFky ,oa deZ LFky ;gha o blh ds vkl&ikl dk LFkku jgk gS] tks fd vkt ds le; esa ;g esys dk :Ik ys fy;k gSA igkM+++h o xzkeh.k {ks= gksus ds dkj.k blds vklikl dk {ks= lcdks jksekafpr dj nsrk gSA cs.ks”oj dk esyk ,d fo[;kr n”kZuh; LFky ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gSA ;g esyk lIrkg Hkj pyrk gSA bl esys esa jktLFkku gh ugha xqtjkr o e/; izns”k ls Hkh yksx vkrs gSaA bls Hkhyksa dk dqaHk Hkh dgk tkrk gS ¼esgrk] 1993( dqekj] 2016½A ftlesa de&ls&de ipkl gtkj O;fDr ckgj ls vkrs gSaA lcls vf/kd HkhM+ cs.ks”oj esys esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA vf/kdka”kr% yksx viuh leL;k lek/kku] chekjh ds mipkj] euksdkeuk iwfrZ] /kkfeZd dk;Z] iwtk&ikB] T;ksfr"kh ls gkFk fn[kkus] vius e`r iwoZtksa ds fy, fi.Mnku] ?kweus] vkfn mn~ns”; ds fy, vkrs gSaA xzkeh.kksa o tutkfr;ksa esa O;kIr chekfj;ksa ds mipkj ds fy, bl LFky ij /kkfeZd fpfdRlk@yksd fpfdRlk ds fy, yksx vkrs gSaA ?kj esa [kq”kgkyh o vkink ls cpus ds fy, bl LFkku ij vkdj ;gk¡ vofLFkr eafnjksa dk n”kZu djrs gSa o ckck@lk/kq@iafMr ls Hkh feyrs gSaA 1510 bZ- esa Mww¡xjiqj ds jkoy vkldj.k }kjk ;gk¡ f”koky; dk fuekZ.k djok;k x;k] tks vkt cs.ks”oj ds uke ls izfl) gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd vV~Bkjgoha “krkCnh esa cs.ks”oj ls yxHkx 13 fd-eh- nwj lkcyk xk¡o esa ekoth egkjkt dk tUe gqvk] tks fd d`".k ds HkDr FksA ckn esa ekoth egjkt dh cgw us fo".kq dk eafnj cuok;kA blds cgqr fnuksa ds ckn iapksa us czg~ek th dk eafnj cuok;kA vkt ;gk¡ czg~ek] fo".kq vkSj f”ko rhuksa ds eafnj gSaA ;gk¡ ij ,dyO; dk Hkh eafnj gSA bl eafnj esa xq#vksa dh ikydh Hkh vkrh gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ekoth egkjkt HkDrksa dks n”kZu nsrs gSaA egkiwf.kZek ds fnu Jh nsokuan th egkjkt ekoth ds oa”kt dks ikydh esa fcBkdj vkSj ml ikydh dks da/ks ij cSBkdj t;&t;dkj djrs gSaA ;g cgqr cM+k rhFkZLFky ekuk tkrk gSA Hkhy o vU; yksx vius firjksa ds vfLFk foltZu o Qwy ;gk¡ ij folftZr djrs gSaA ekU;rk gS fd ;gk¡ riZ.k] xq# egkjkt dh iwtk vkfn djus ls O;fDr ds euksjFk dks iwjs gksrs gaSA ;gk¡ ij jkf= ds le; u`R; o vU; lkaLd`frd dk;ZØe gksrs gSa] ftlesa fofHkUu leqnk;ksa ds yksx viuh Hkkxhnkjh izLrqr djrs gq, vkuan dh izkfIr djrs gSaA cs.ks”oj esyk ifjlj esa cs.ks”oj Hkxoku ds eafnj] jk/kkd``".k eafnj] okYehfd eafnj] fo”odekZ eafnj] xk;=h eafnj] guqeku eafnj] vkfn ;gk¡ vofLFkr gS ¼ckxph o buds lg;ksxh] 2008½A

dqekj ¼2012½ us vius v/;;u esa ;g ik;k fd cs.ks”oj esyk] fookg ¼Hkkxk fookg½ dk ,d ek/;e gS ftlesa Hkhyh ;qofr;k¡ vius psgjs dks

xkrh gqbZ fudyrh gSa] bl xhr ds b”kkjs dks ftl yM+ds us le> fy;k] ;gha ls ;s vkilh esy&feyki o ckrphr dj unh ikj dj lkFk Hkkxrs gSaA fQj ;s tqekZuk ;k o/kw ewY; nsdj ifj.k; ca/ku esa c¡/krs gSa ;k ugha rks fcuk fookg ds gh ifr&iRuh dh rjg jgdj vius cPps ds lkFk gh viuk fookg djrs gSaA

cs.ks”oj esyk ifjlj esa o blds ckgj Hkh Bsyksa ij o nqdku esa iwtu lkexzh] uk”rk] “kjcr] vxjcÙkh] ukfj;y] xqykc ty vkfn csprs gSa] ftls cspus okys vklikl ds gksrs gSaA ysfdu] esys ds volj ij iwtu dh lkexzh dh nqdkusa c

ds lkFk viuh /kkfeZd /otk ysdj xkts&ckts ds lkFk ukprs gq, ;gk¡ igq¡prs gSaA blh volj ij ;gk¡ ij Hkhyksa }kjk nky o ckVh ds lkewfgd Hkkst dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ij xzkeh.kkas }kjk yksdxhr dh >yd ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA esys ds nkSjku ;gk¡ ij yksdu`R; o yksdukV~~; dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSaA bl dk;ZØe esa Ikq#"k] efgyk ds x.kos”k /kkj.k djds Lo;a dks efgyk dykdkj ds :Ik esa iznf”kZr djrs gSaA ;gk¡ ds u`R;ksa esa HkokbZ u`R;] dkycsfy;k u``R; vkfn ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA dbZ u``R;ksa esa efgyk,¡ eq¡g esa ryokj ysdj vkSj flj ij ?kM+s ysdj u`R; djrh gSaA bl esys esa vc vk/kqfud eksVj;qDr >wys vkSj ?kweusokys >wys vc bl esys dh “kksHkk c

Hkxksfy;k] pkSnl] ukx iapeh] f”kojkf=] guqeku t;arh vkfn gSaA buds esyksa esa cs.ks”oj esyk] xkSres”oj esyk] ?kksfV;k vack dk esyk] dkyk th dk esyk] yhyk ikuh dk esyk] Hkqous”oj esyk] lkcyk th dk esyk] xksxqank dk esyk] dsjslj dk esyk] “khryk ekrk dk esyk] dslfj;k th dk esyk] Hkaofj;k esyk] esuky dk esyk vkfn izeq[k gSaA tutkrh; esyksa esa nwj&nwj ls Hkhy lfgr vU; leqnk; ds yksx vkrs gSa ,oa ;s ekurs gSa fd ;gk¡ vkus ls mUgsa “kkfUr feyrh gS ,oa mudh gj leL;k nwj gksrh gSA ;gk¡ ij Hkhy lfgr vU; yksx LFkkuh; esys esa lkeku dh [kjhnkjh] euksjatu] fi.Mnku o iwtk&vpZu ds fy, vkrs gSaA cs.ks”oj esys dh vof/k ds ckn Ik;ZVu ds n`f"Vdks.k ls jkf= dkyhu euilan Hkkstu dk u feyuk] fctyh dk fu;fer ugha gksuk] ifjlj esa vkjkenk;d cSBd dk vHkko] lqO;ofLFkr cktkj dk u gksuk] dqN lhfer ek=k esa gh uk”rs&tyiku vkfn dh nqdkusa] LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa laizs"k.k] HkhM+ ij fu;a=.k dk vHkko] LoPNrk dh deh ,oa xanxh] oLrvq k as d s eYw ; ij fuxjkuh dk vHkko] ipz kj&ilz kj dh deh] vkfn leL;k, ¡ gAaS

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph

1- vVy] ;ksxs”k ,oa fllksfn;k] ;rhUnz flag ¼2011½- vkfnoklh Hkkjr- ubZ fnYyh % jkor ifCyds”kUl A

2- dkys] ekfyuh ¼1987½- Hkhy laxhr ,oa foospu- mn;iqj % fgeka”kq ifCyds”kalA

3- dqekj] jkt ¼2012½- jktLFkku ds Hkhyksa dk izkd`frd Ik;kZoj.k ds lanHkZ esa ijaijkxr Kku dk muds thou&”kSyh ij iM+us okys izHkko dk v/;;u- vizdkf”kr “kks/k izfrosnu- mn;iqj % Hkkjrh; ekuofoKku losZ{k.kA

4- dqekj] jkt ¼2016½- cs.ks”oj esyk % ekuo”kkL=h; n`f"Vdks.k ¼2016 bZ- esa vk;ksftr cs.ks”oj esyk ds QksVksxzkQh ds nkSjk *MkWdwesaVs”ku o fMflfefy”ku* dh fjiksVZ½- vizdkf”kr “kks/k izfrosnu- mn;iqj % Hkkjrh; ekuofoKku losZ{k.k A

35

5- dqekjh] larks"k ¼1999½- vkfnoklh Hkhy eh.kk t;iqj % ;wfud VªsMlZ A

6- prqosZnh] ih ¼2014½- “kgjhdj.k dh eqf”dysa- tulÙkk ¼fnYyh½] 29 twu 2014] i``"B tuLkÙkk jfookjh&1 A

7- tSu] usehpUn ¼1964½- Hkhy % Hkk"kk lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr- bankSj % ghjk HkS;k izdk”kuA

8- tSu] Jh pUnz ¼1973½- ouoklh Hkhy o mudh laLd`fr- t;iqj % jkS”ku yky tSu ,aM lUlA

9- nks'kh] “kaHkw yky ,oa O;kl] ujsUnz] ,u- ¼1992½- jktLFkku dh vuqlwfpr tutkfr;k¡- mn;iqj % fgeka”kq izdk”kuA

10- ckxph+] fryd] eksgarh] fcHkq dY;k.k ,oa eaMy] nsoozr ¼2008½- cs.ks”oj esyk vkWQ jktLFkku % ,u ,UFkzksiksyksftdy izksQk;y- eaMy] nsoozr] ckxph] fryd ,oa v”kksd eq[kksik/;k; ¼laikfnr iqLrd½- iksVZjsV vkWQ ,UFkkziksyksftdy fjlpZ ¼i``"B la- 465&485½- fnYyh % l:Ik cqd ifCy”klZ izkbosV fyfeVsMA

11- egktu] latho ¼2012½- Hkkjr esa tutkrh; lekt- ubZ fnYyh % vtqZu ifCyf”kax gkmlA

12- esgrk+] izdk”k PkUn ¼1993½- Hkkjr ds vkfnoklh- mn;iqj % f”ko ifCy”kj ,aM fMLVªhC;wVlZA

13- jkBkSM+] vt; flag ¼1994½- Hkhy tutkfr % f”k{kk vkSj vk/kqfudhdj.k- t;iqj % iap”khy izdk”kuA

14- oekZ] ,y- ¼1992½- Hkhyksa dh lkekftd O;oLFkk- ubZ fnYyh % Dykfldy ,aM daiuhA

15- flag] vkj- Mh- ¼2003½- gs.Mcqd vkWQ buokbjsuesaVy xkbMykbUl Qksj bafM;u VwfjTe- ubZ fnYYkh % dfu"dk ifCy”klZ ,aM fMLVªhC;wVlZA

16- flag] ds- ¼2014½- jkstxkj o Ik;ZVu dks feys c

?kksfV;k vkEck esyk %tutkrh; laLd`fr o vkLFkk dk fof'k"V dsaæ

oklqnso pjiksVk*MkW- vfurk jkBkSM+**

nf{k.kh jktLFkku ds ck¡lokM+k ftys esa ik.Moksa dh riLFkyh ds :i esa fo[;kr

?kksfV;k vkEck /kke fLFkr gSA ?kksfV;k vkEck og ifo= LFky gS tgk¡ ik.Moksa us vius

ouokl ds nkSjku dkQh le; fcrk;k FkkA ekuk tkrk gS fd ;gk¡ ij Hkhe us xnk ls

igkM+h ij izgkj fd;k Fkk ftlls ogk¡ ij >juk fudyk] tks vkt Hkh fo|eku gSA ;gha

ij ik.Moksa us _f"k;ksa dks dsyks ds iÙkksa ij Hkkstu djok;k Fkk] ogk¡ dsyksa ds isM+ vkt

Hkh gSa] blfy, ml LFkku dks dsyk ikuh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA nqnk/kkjh uked ,d _f"k us

Hkh ,d iSj ij [kM+s gksdj ;gk¡ riL;k dh FkhA

jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj ekyok ds vkfnoklh {ks=ksa esa nwj&nwj rd izfl) yksd

rhFkZ ?kksfV;k vkEck yksd vkLFkk vkSj J)k dk izeq[k dsUnz gS ftlds izfr vketu esa

vuUr fo'okl cuk gqvk gSA jktLFkku ds nf{k.kkapy esa ?kksfV;k vkEck /kke ij gj o"kZ

yxus okyk esyk bl dkj.k Hkh fof'k"V gS D;kasfd ;g ,d ek= ,slk esyk gS tks foØe

laor~ o"kZ dh lekfIr vkSj uoOk"kZ ds vkxeu dk lk{kh gSA

HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr

?kksfV;k vkEck /kke nf{k.kh jktLFkku ds ck¡lokM+k ftys esa fLFkr gSA ;g /kke

ck¡lokM+k 'kgj ls 18 fdyksehVj nwj nkgksn jksM+ ij cM+ksfn;k ls 12 fdyksehVj dh nwjh

ij fLFkr gSA esys ds le; ;gk¡ vkus ds fy, fo'ks"k ;krk;kr dh O;oLFkk iz'kklu o

futh lekt lsodksa }kjk dh tkrh gSA e/;izns'k o xqtjkr jkT; lehi gksus ds dkj.k

;gk¡ ds Hkh dbZ n'kZukFkhZ vkrs gSa vkSj bu pkj fnuksa esa dbZ dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e ls gekjh

laLÑfr dk ifjp; ;gk¡ ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

eq[; esys dk vk;kstu

okxM+ izHkkx ds izeq[k esyksa esa ls ,d esyk ?kksfV;k vkEck esyk gSA izkÑfrd

lqUnjrk ls Hkjiwj bl LFkku ij çfro"kZ esyk yxrk gS ftlds dkj.k ;g LFkku dkQh

fo[;kr gSA bl esys dk vk;kstu izfr o"kZ fgUnh efguksa ds vuqlkj pS= Ñ".k ,dkn'kh

ls 'kq: gksdj pS= Ñ".k vekoL;k rd eq[; esyk Hkjrk gSA 'kdquh vkSj nq;ksZ/ku ds Ny

ds dkj.k egkHkkjr dky esa ik.Moksa dks vKkrokl lguk iM+kA ml nkSjku rsjgoas o"kZ

esa ik.Mo iq=ksa ds lkFk ik.Mw iRuh dqUrh Hkh bl vKkrokl esa lkFk Fkha] vKkrokl ds

*'kks/kkFkhZ] Hkwxksy foHkkx] Hkwiky ukscYl fo'ofo|ky;] mn;iqj**O;k[;krk] Hkwxksy foHkkx] Hkwiky ukscYl fo'ofo|ky;] mn;iqj

37

nkSjku ik.Moksa dks taxy esa jgus dh 'krZ j[kh xbZ Fkh] ck¡lokM+k 'kgj ls FkksM+h nwjh ij

ryokM+k ds ikl Hkhe dq.M fLFkr gS ogk¡ bu ik.Moksa dk vkuk gqvk vkSj I;kl yxus

ij Hkhe us xnk ls bl Hkhe dqaM esa ls ty izokg djok;k o viuh I;kl cq>kbZ rFkk

ogk¡ fLFkr xqQk ds jkLrs ls ;g ?kksfV;k vkEck uked LFkku ij x, FksA mUgksaus ouokl

ds nkSjku viuk dkQh le; ;gka ij fcrk;k FkkA ;gk¡ ij Hkh Hkhe ds }kjk xnk ls

igkM+h ij izgkj fd;k Fkk ftlls ogk¡ >juk fudyk tks vkt Hkh ekStwn gSA bl dkj.k

;gk¡ ik.Mok as dh riLFkyh dh fu'kkuh d s :i e as ifz ro"k Z eys s dk vk;kts u fd;k tkrk gAS

egkHkkjr dky dh xkFkkvksa ls lEcU/k tksM+us okys juk vkSj

l?ku ouksa ls vkPNkfnr igkfM+;k¡ vlhe lUrks"k dh o`f"V djrs gSaA ;gk¡ ik.Moksa dh

ewfrZ;k¡ o pj.k fpg~u ds vykok jke efUnj] f'koky; gS ftuesa lhrk] y{e.k] jke]

f'ko&ikoZrh vkfn dh ewfrZ;k¡ lq'kksfHkr gSaA ik.Moksa us ?kksfV;k vkEck ds iBkj ij

_f"k;ksa dks dsyksa ds iÙkksa ij Hkkstu ijkslk Fkk] mlh ijEijk esa dsys ds >qjeqV ;gk¡

fo|eku gSa ftudk n'kZu iq.;nk;d ekuk tkrk gSA blds vykok _f"k&Hkkst ls

vof'k"V pkoyksa ls ;gk¡ lky ds ikS/ks mx vk,A ekU;rk gS fd bu nqyZHk pkoyksa dks ?kj

esa j[kus ls cjdr gksrh gSA blh fo'okl ds pyrs esykFkhZ nqXkZe igkM+h ?kkfV;ksa ij bu

pkoyksa dks

dkeuk,¡ iwjh djrk gS vkez o`{k

;gha ij ikSjkf.kd vk[;kuksa ls tqM+k vkezo`{k euksdkeukiwfrZ djus okys fnO;

o`{k ds :i esa izkphudky ls izfl) jgk gSA tuJqfr ds vuqlkj nsojkt bUnz ls izkIr

xqByh dks ik.Moksa us ;gk¡ jksik o ;g rRdky Qyksa ls yns fo'kky vkez o`{k ds :i esa

ifj.kr gks x;kA blh fnO; o`{k ds Qyksa ds jl ls ik.Moksa us ;gk¡ Hkxoku JhÑ".k dh

lgk;rk ls _f"k;ksa dks r`Ir fd;k vkSj vk'khokZn ik;kA [kkldj oa'ko`f) dh dkeuk

ls yksx ?kksfV;k vkEck ds ikSjkf.kd vkezo`{k dh ck/kk ysrs gSa o dkeuk iwjh gks tkus ij

bl o`{k dh fo"ke la[;k esa ifjØek djrs gq, ukfj;yksa dk ?ksjk cukdj iwtk djrs gaSA

o`{k ds pcwrjs ij /kw¡.kh esa ukfj;yksa ds gou dk Øe fujUrj cuk jgrk gS] blls iwjk

{ks= lqokflr cuk jgrk gSA pcwrjs ij f'ko ikoZrh] uUnh] ojkg vorkj vkfn ewfrZ;k¡

gSaA ?kksfV;k vkEck ds vkJe esa fLFkr izkphu /kw¡.kh dk egÙo Hkh dksbZ de ugha gS]

ekU;rk gS fd ;g yksxksa dh euksdkeuk,¡ iwjh djrh gaSA lUrku izkfIr dh dkeuk iwjh

gksus ij yksx ;gk¡ vkJe esa /kw¡.kh ds lEeq[k Nr ij ikyuk ¼ck¡l ls cuk f'k'kq >wyk½

ck¡/krs gSaA ikl esa okYehfd efUnj vkSj vkJe /kw¡.kh gaS ftuesa J)kyqvksa dk te?kV yxk

jgrk gS] esys ds fnuksa esa lk/kq&larksa vkSj Hkxrksa dk bles Msjk yxk jgrk gSA

esys dk egÙo

okxM+ {ks= esa esyksa o R;ksgkjksa dk ,d fo'ks"k egÙo gSA ;s lkekftd lejlrk

o lkaLÑfrd ,drk dks cuk, j[kus esa lgk;d gSaA ?kksfV;k vkEck esyk Hkh blh rjg

vkt dh ;qok ih

tutkfr laLd`fr dk vuwBk mRlo % Hkwfj;k ckck esyk

Ekfgek HkVukxj*MkW- gsesUæ flag 'kDrkor**

gekjs ns'k dh laLd`fr fof'k"V gSA ;gk¡ ds vyx&vyx izkarksa esa ge ogk¡ dh

lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr dh fof'k"Vrk dk n'kZu djrs gSaA ns'k dk izR;sd {ks= viuh

laLd`fr] rht&R;ksgkj vkfn dks ysdj viuh fo'ks"k igpku j[krk gSA bl fn'kk esa

jktLFkku jkT; Hkh viuh lrjaxh NVk fc[ksjrk gSA ;gk¡ fofHkUu dkyksa esa eqxy]

iqrZxkyh] ;wukuh] xqtZj] izfrgkj

vkfn ls esy&feyki gq,A blh

dkj.k jkT; dh tula[;k eas

fofo/krk rFkk leUo; ik;k tkrk

gSA izeq[kr% dqN tkfr;k¡ ,dkdh]

xgu {ks=ksa esa thou;kiu djus

yxhaA ,slh tkfr;k¡ vkfnoklh

tkfr;k¡ dgyk;haA bu vkfnoklh

tkfr;ksa ds vUrxZr Hkhy] eh.kk]

xjkfl;k] datj] dkycsfy;k vkfn

izeq[k gaSA ;s lHkh tkfr;k¡ vuqlwfpr

tutkfr;k¡ dgykrh gSaA

eh.kk tutkfr djkSyh]

nkSlk] t;iqj] mn;iqj] lhdj]

Vksad vkfn ftyksa esa eq[; :i ls

ikbZ tkrh gSaA ;g tutkfr

izeq[kr% igkM+h] taxyh] mcM+ &

[kkcM+ {ks=ksa esa Hkh viuk

thou;kiu djrh gaSA budk

Hkkstu lkekU; izdkj dk gksrk

gSA bl tutkfr ds yksx 'kfDr

ds mikld gksrs gSaA budh b"V

nos h tho.k ekrk g]S ; s ykxs 'kduq

e sas fo'okl j[kr s gASa

*'kks/kkFkhZ] Hkwxksy foHkkx] Hkwiky ukscYl fo'ofo|ky;] mn;iqj

**O;k[;krk] Hkwxksy foHkkx] Hkwiky ukscYl fo'ofo|ky;]mn;iqj

40

eh.kk lekt }kjk dk ,d izeq[k esyk& Hkwfj;k ckck esyk gS tks fd fljksgh

ftys ds ikslkfy;k ls djhc 10 fdeh] nwjh ij fLFkr ,d xzke pksfVyk ds lehi fLFkr

lqdM+h unh ds fdukjs ij Hkjrk gSA bl LFkku ij eh.kk tkfr ds vkjk/;nso rFkk

izkphu xkSre _f"k egknso uke ls fLFkr ,d izkphu eafnj gSA bl eafnj dks Hkwfj;k

ckck ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA izeq[kr% eh.kk lekt ds yksx xkSre egknso dks

Hkwfj;k ckck ds uke ls iqdkjrs gSaA

;g esyk lEiw.kZ eh.kk tutkfr ds fy, vkLFkk dk dsUæ gSA eh.kk leqnk; ;gk¡

izfro"kZ 14 vizsy rFkk 15 vizsy dks ,d= gksrk gSA bu fnuksa ;gk¡ nks fnolh; okf"kZd

esyk Hkjrk gSA ;g esyk cM+s mRlo dh rjg vk;ksftr gksrk gSA

eh.kk leqnk; dh fL+=;k¡ jkr Hkj eafnj izkax.k eas ,d LFkku ij ,d= gksdj

xhr] Hktu xkrh gaS rFkk iq#"k lekt }kjk bl eafnj dks ltkoVh oLrqvksa rFkk

vkd"kZd jks'kuh }kjk ltk;k tkrk gSA Hkwfj;k ckck ds esys esa fljksgh] ikyh] tkyksj

ftyksa rFkk lehi fLFkr iM+kslh jkT;ksa ls cM+h la[;k esa eh.kk lekt ds yksx Hkkx ysrs

gSa] tks bl lEiw.kZ leqnk; dh ,drk] lejlrk ,oa lkSgknZ dk izrhd gSA

bl esys dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd bl esys ds fnu lHkh HkDrx.kksa dh

mifLFkfr eas ek¡ xaxk nsoh dk vorj.k gksrk gSA dbZ o"kksZa ls xaxk nsoh lqdM+h unh esa

,d pkeRdkfjd :Ik ls n'kZu nsrh gS] bl dkj.k lEiw.kZ eh.kk lekt ;gk¡ viuh

vf/kd ls vf/kd Hkwfedk j[krk gSA ;g esyk pS= vekoL;k dks Hkjrk gSA bl eafnj ds

lehi unh dk ,d ifo= dqaM gS] ftls xaxk dqaM ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA esys ds

fnu eh.kk lekt ds yksx vius iwoZtksa dh vfLFk;ksa dk foltZu Hkh blh dq.M esa djrs

41

gSaA esys esa bl iqjkuh vFkkZr~ izkphu dky ls pyh vk jgh ijEijk dk fuokZg fd;k

tkrk gSA esys esa eh.kk lekt ds yksx vius fj'rsnkjksa rFkk izeq[k :Ik ls tokb;ksa dks

cqykdj esgeku uokth djrs gaSA os vius tokbZ dks ,rkbZ eas cqykrs gaS] rFkk muds

Lokxr esa efgyk,¡ ,oa ;qofr;k¡ yksdxhr xkrh gSaA eh.kk lekt ds yksx bl esys esa

vius yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa ds oSokfgd fj'rs Hkh r; djrs gaSA ,rkb;ksa ij fj'rsnkj]

tokb;ksa rFkk lHkh fe=ksa dk feBkb;ksa] Hkkstu vkfn }kjk Lokxr fd;k tkrk gSA

Hkwfj;k ckck esyk vR;Ur izkphu rFkk J)k dk lapkj djus okyk ekuk tkrk

gSA eh.kk leqnk; ds ;qok vius ik¡oksa esa ?kqa?k:] gkFkksa esa jax&fcjaxs fjcu rFkk vU; dbZ

ltkoV dh lkefxz;ksa }kjk lt/kt dj u`R; dj vkufUnr gksrs gSaA bl esys esa eafnj]

ifjlj ds pkjksa rjQ ,d gkV&cktkj yxrk gSA esys ds volj ij gkFk ij

xksnus&xqnokus tSlh ijEijk Hkh gksrh gSA ;g esyk eh.kk lekt dks ,d LFkku ij

,d= dj ,drk ds lw= esa cka/kus dk izeq[k tfj;k gSA

fu;e &

bl esys ds dqN fu;e Hkh gSa] ftldk ikyuk djuk lEiw.kZ eh.kk lekt ds

fy, t:jh gSA bl esys esas gjs isM+ksa dks u dkVuk] QksVksxzkQh] fofM;ksxzkQh u ysuk]

efgykvksa dk jkf+= 8 cts ckn izos'k u djuk ,d fo/kku gS rFkk iqfyl iz'kklu dks Hkh

bl esyk ifjlj esa izos'k dh vuqefr ugha gS] dsoy dqN izfrf"Br rFkk fo'okl;qDr

;qok gh bl esys dk lpa kyu djr s gASa ifq yl i'z kklu eys k ifjlj d s ckgj l s gh fu;=a .k

djrk gSA

Hkwfj;k ckck esyk fljksgh ds vykok izrkixgauta

4. htttps://www.bhaskar.com>news

5. Rajasthangktricks.blogspot.com>blog.post

42

xjkfl;ksa dh lkaLd`frd ijEijk % R;ksgkj vkSj esys

xjkfl;k tutkfr Å¡ph&Å¡ph ioZrekykvksa vkSj ?kus ouksa ls vkPNkfnr vjkoyh ds nf{k.kh jktLFkku esa ik;h tkrh gSA ;g tutkfr eq[; :i ls fljksgh ftys dh vkcwjksM+ ds Hkk[kj {ks=] fi.MokM+k] jsonj] fljksgh rglhyksa esa] ikyh ftys dh ckyh rglhy rFkk mn;iqj ftys dh xksxqUnk] dksVM+k rglhyksa esa ,oa vkaf'kd :i ls ck¡lokM+k] Mwaxjiqj o izrkixyd fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;s gksyh] nhikoyh] edj lØkafr] x.kxkSj] j{kkca/ku rFkk uojk=k ds R;ksgkj viuh ijEijk ds vuqlkj eukrs gaSA buds R;ksgkjksa dks eukus ds rjhdksa ls budh fof'k"V ijEijk] laLd`fr] /kkfeZd ekU;rk ,oa vkLFkk ds thoUr n'kZu gksrs gSaA

gksyh

gksyh dk R;ksgkj xjkfl;k tutkfr ds yksx cM+s mYykl ds lkFk eukrs gSaA lHkh Qyksa ¼xk¡okas½ esa viuh&viuh gksyh eukrs gaSA gksyh ds fnu fuf'pr txg ij ,d cM+h oysM+h gksyh ds :i esa jksi nsrs gSa rFkk xjkfl;k tutkfr ds iq#"k vius&vius

xksxjkt pkS/kjh*

*”kks/kkFkhZ] bfrgkl foHkkx] jktLFkku fo”ofo|ky;] t;iqj ¼jkt-½

43

?kjksa ls ydfM+;k¡ rFkk lw[kh Vgfu;k¡] ?kkl ykdj gksyh ds pkjksa rjQ j[k nsrs gaSA yM+fd;k¡ vius ?kjksa ls cM+dqYys ;k d.Ms ykrh gSaA buls gksyh dks lTkk fn;k tkrk gSA izR;sd Qys ¼xk¡o½ esa iVsy gksyh dks vfXu nsrk gS rFkk dqN gh le; esa gksyh tydj jk[k gks tkrh gSA xjkfl;k vkSjrsa xhr xkrh gaS rFkk yM+fd;k¡ flj ij Tokjs

3dh Vksdfj;k¡ fy, u`R; djrh gSaA lHkh cM+s mYykl ds lkFk gksyh eukrs gSaA^^

nwljs fnu lqcg ls gh xjkfl;k yksx feydj vius&vius Qyk ¼xkao½ ds lHkh ?kjksa esa jkeklkeh djus fudys iM+rs gSaA izR;sd xjkfl;k ifjokj viuh bPNk ls xqM+ ;k jkcM+h ihus dks lHkh dks nsrk gS rFkk lHkh dk vfrfFk lRdkj djrk gSA yMf+ d;k ¡ lHkh xjkfl;k ykxs k as dk s tokj s nds j fonk djrh gASa

nhikoyh

xjkfl;k tutkfr ds yksx uojk= lekfIr ds ckn ls gh nhikoyh eukus dh rS;kfj;k¡ 'kq: dj nsrs gaSA vius ?kjkas dh lkQ&lQkbZ] jax&jksxu] fyikbZ&iqrkbZ djus yx tkrs gSaA xjkfl;k iq#"k tks etnwjh djus ds fy, ckgj Fks] oks Hkh nhikoyh ds ikou R;ksgkj ij vius ?kj ykSV vkrs gaSA cfgu&csfV;ksa dks ?kj cqykrs gSaA lHkh xjkfl;k L=h&iq#"k rFkk cPps u, diM+s igurs gSaA xjkfl;ksa esa nhikoyh dk R;ksgkj buds i'kqvksa ds fy, egÙoiw.kZ R;ksgkj gSA i'kq budh vkthfodk esa izeq[k LFkku j[krs gaSA lokZf/kd egÙoiw.kZ LFkku cSykas dk gSA /kursjl ls igys xjkfl;k lHkh dke iwjs djrs gaSA ;s /kursjl ds fnu vius i'kqvksa dks vklikl ds iks[kj] ukys] rkykc esa Luku djkrs gSaA nhikoyh ds fnu i'kqvksa dks ltkrs&laokjrs gSaA buds 'kjhj ij gFksyh ds BIis yxkdj rFkk buds lhaxksa dks jaxrs gaSA cSyksa dks jax&fcjaxs Qwyks dh ekyk,a rFkk

4xys esa Vksdfj;ka cka/krs gSaA nhikoyh ij ghM+ xhrks esa cSyksa dk xq.kxku xk;k tkrk gSA^^ bl izdkj xjkfl;k tutkfr ds yksx cM+s mYykl o meax ds lkFk nhikoyh dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA

edj lØkafr

edj lØkafr dk R;ksgkj eghus Hkj igys ls gh nM+h ;k MksVk [ksy dh rS;kfj;ksa ds lkFk 'kq: gks tkrk gSA MksV esa QVs&iqjkus] eksVs diM+s dke esa fy, tkrs gSa rFkk ghnjh jLlh ds }kjk budks vkVs ds ekè;e ls xqFkk tkrk gSA

edj lØkafr dk R;ksgkj eq[;r% nM+h ¼xsan½ ;k MksVk ¼cM+k xsan½ [ksy xjkfl;k yksxksa }kjk [ksyus ls 'kq: gksrk gSA lØakfr ds fnu lqcg ̂ Mwcdh* uked fpfM+;k dh iwtk dh tkrh gSA bl fpfM+;k dks f[kyk&fiyk dj Qys ¼xkao½ ds yksxksa dh mifLFkfr esa eqf[k;k }kjk 'kdqu fy, tkrs gSaA Qys dk eqf[k;k iwoZ fn'kk dh vksj [kM+k gksdj Mwcdh fpfM+;k dks NksM+rk gSA Mwcdh fpfM+;k tgka dgha ij tkdj cSB tkrh gSA mlh izdkj ds 'kdqu eku ysrs gSa rFkk lHkh xjkfl;k yksx f[kpM+k [kkdj MksVk [ksyus pys tkrs gSaA lØkafr dh jkf= dks xjkfl;k yksxksa }kjk MksV [ksyus dk n`'; cM+k euksgkjh vkSj etsnkj yxrk gSA

xjkfl;k yksx j{kkca/ku rFkk uojk= ds R;ksgkj cM+h lknxh ls lkFk ih

rhu Hkkxksa esaa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSS&

1- LFkkuh; Lrj ds esys& os esys tks vius Qys ¼xkao½ esa gh yxrs gaSA ;s esys LFkkuh; nsoh&nsorkvksa ds R;ksgkj ls tqM+s jgrs gaSA

2- laHkkxh; Lrj ds esys& tks Hkk[kj {ks= esa gksrs gaSA bu esyksa dk LFkku gj o"kZ cnyrk jgrk gSA Hkk[kj iV~Vs ds iVsy gh esyksa dk LFkku vkSj frfFk fuf'pr djrs gSa rFkk hy igq¡prs gaSA ̂ ^vkcw ioZr esa uDdh >hy ds fdukjs efgyk,a xksys cukdj >wejk u`R; djrh gSA ck¡lqjh] Fkkyh] ekany] wejk u`R; ds lkFk okyj u`R; Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA bl u`R; esa nkfguk iSj nkfguh vksj j[krs gq, cka;k iSj nkfgus

45

7iSj ls feydkj ,d lkFk chy esa vius iwoZtksa dk riZ.k djus ds ckn mudh cgu mUgsa ubZ /kksrh nsrh gS vkSj Qwyksa dh ekyk igukdj mudk Lokxr djrh gSA 'kke rd xjkfl;k yksx vius ?kjksa dh vksj ykSVuk 'kq: gks tkrs gSaA

nsoyk egknso esyk&

nsoyk egknso fLFkr ckolh dk LFkku gSA ;gka gj o"kZ oS'kk[k ckjl&rsjl dks esyk Hkjrk gSA nwj&nwj ls xjkfl;k L=h&iq#"k bl esys dks ns[kus vkrs gSaA xqM+ ;k 'kDdj dk pwjek cukdj egknso dk iwtu fd;k tkrk gSA ;g esyk igys /kkfeZd Hkkouk ls Hkjrk Fkk ysfdu vktdy esys esa xjkfl;k ;qod&;qofr;k¡ Hkkxdj 'kknh Hkh

8dj ysrs gSA^^

xksj ekyk lksjk esyk&

xjkfl;k tutkfr dk ;g esyk mn;iqj ftys esa nsoyk dksVM+k esa cM+s mYykl rFkk mexa d s lkFk Hkjrk gAS bl eys s e as xkjS ekrk dh itw u l s eys s dh 'k:q vkr djr s gASa

xksihpan egknso dk esyk&

;g esyk xksihpan egknso fLFkr eafnj esa oS'kk[k ekg esa gj o"kZ yxrk gSA fi.MokM+k iV~Vs ds gtkjksa xjkfl;k yksx esys dks ns[kus ds fy, nwj&nwj ls vkrs gaS vkSj xksihpan egknso ds n'kZu djrs gSaA

xksfM+;k dk esyk&9 ;g esyk ikyh ftys esa oS'kk[k ;k tsB efgus esa yxrk gSA^^ ikyh esa chtkiqj

ds ikl fLFkr egknos efa nj e as ifz ro"k Z xjkfl;k tutkfr dk ;g eys k vk;kfs tr gkrs k gAS

xksxqUnk dk x.kxkSj esyk&

mn;iqj ftys ds xksxqUnk iV~Vs esa xjkfl;k L=h&iq#"kksa }kjk pS= ekl dh ,de~ ls ysdj iapeh rd x.kxkSj dk esyk vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g esyk cM+s mYykl rFkk meax ds lkFk euk;k tkrk gSA

Lokax /kkj.k djrs gaSA lqcg gksrs gh lHkh xjkfl;k L=h&iq#"k vius&vius ?kj pys tkrs gSa rFkk nksigj iwoZ ,d= gksdj xkSj&bZlj dk tqywl fudkyrs gSaA igyh xjkfl;k efgyk ds flj ij xkSj rks nwljh efgyk ds flj bZlj rFkk rhljh xjkfl;k efgyk ds flj ij Vksiys esa [kkaMk eq[kksVk jgrk gSA bu efgykvksa ds vkxs xjkfl;k iq#"k

jktLFkku dyk ,oa laLd`fr dk ?kj gSA ;gk¡ ds R;ksgkjksa] ioksZa rFkk esyksa dh vuwBh lkaLd`frd ijEijk dk mnkgj.k vU;= feyuk dfBu gSA gj esys o R;ksgkj ;gk¡ ds yksdthou dh fdlh fdaonUrh vFkok ,sfrgkfld dFkkud ls tqM+k gqvk gSA ;gh otg gS fd bu esyksa rFkk R;ksgkjksa ds vk;kstu esa lEiw.kZ yksd thou iwjh lfØ;rk ls lfEefyr gksrk gS vkSj ;gk¡ dh yksd laLd`fr thoar gks mBrh gSA bu ioZ] R;ksgkjksa] esyksa ds vius xhr gaS vkSj viuh laLd`fr gS] ftlls buds izfr tulekt dh xgjh HkkokRed vkLFkk ik;h tkrh gSA cjlksa&cjl chr tkus ds ckn Hkh yksd vkLFkk ds ;s LFky viuh igpku cuk, g,q g aS rFkk lekt dk s lkLa df̀rd ,drk d s l=w e as fijk,s g,q gAS

tutkrh; lekt esa esys ,d egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krs gSaA esys u flQZ yksdkuqjatu dk ek/;e gSa vfirq vusd lkekftd o ikfjokfjd laLdkjksa ds vuq"Bku dk miknku gSA tutkfr lekt dh lkewfgdrk o lkaLd`frd lEiUurk dk n'kZu bu esyksa esa gksrk gSA esys fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dh tulaLd`fr dks O;Dr djrs gSaA esyksa ds volj ij vkfnokfl;ksa ds vaydj.kksa] os'kHkw"kk] jhfr&fjoktksa vkSj ijEijkvksa ds n'kZu gksrs gSaA

esokM+ vapy esa vkfnokfl;ksa dk fuokl gtkjksa o"kksZa ls jgk gS tks vjkoyh ioZr Ük`a[kyk esa fofo/k igkM+h {ks=ksa rFkk HkksjkB] ylkfM+;k] Åijeky ds iBkjh {ks=ksa esa eq[;r% QSyk gqvk gSA ekgh] lkse] tk[ke ds laxe cs.ks'oj /kke ds pkjksa vksj yxHkx 150&200 fdeh- ifjf/k esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh l?ku clkoV bl ckr dk lk{; gS fd izkxSfrgkfld] ,sfrgkfld ,oa vk/kqfud dky esa bUgksaus bl vapy dks lrjaxh lkaLd`frd ifjn`'; ls le`) fd;k gSA bl vapy esa eq[; :i ls Hkhy] Hkhy&eh.kk] xjkfl;k ,oa Mkeksj tutkfr;ksa dk fuokl gSA

esokM+&okxM+&vapy ds dbZ /kkfeZd LFkku tSls xkSres'oj] ?kksfV;k vkEck] f=iqjk lqUnjh] lqjkrk /kke] ds'kfj;k th ¼_"kHknso½] tksxf.k;k ekrk th] /kksykxj lfgr dbZ egÙoiw.kZ LFkku bl {ks= esa fLFkr gSa] tks {ks= dh lefUor laLd`fr ds lkFk gh lkekftd lejlrk ds lUns'k lUrksa dh ok.kh ds :i esa nsrs jgrs gSaA okxM+ izns'k esa dbZ ifo=&LFkkuksa ij izfro"kZ esys yxrs gSaA ftudk cM+h cslczh ls ;gk¡ ds vkfnoklh bUrtkj djrs gaS rFkk meax ds lkFk esys esa tkrs gaSA ;s esys /kkfeZd vkSj vk/;kfRed n`f"V ls Hkh cM+s mi;ksxh gksrs gaSA

vkfnokfl;ksa ds yksdkuqjatu esys vkSj mudh laLd`fr

MkW- f'kYik esgrk*

*lgk;d vkpk;Z ¼bfrgkl½] jktdh; egkfo|ky;] ukFk}kjk

48

1- cs.ks'oj esyk

cs.ks'oj dk esyk Mw¡xjiqj ftys dh vkliqj rglhy ds uokriqjk uked LFkku ij yxrk gSA mn;iqj&ck¡lokM+k&Mw¡xjiqj cl ekxZ ij fLFkr lkcyk xk¡o ls dksbZ ik¡p&N% fdyksehVj nwj ;g yksdLFky gSA ek?k iwf.kZek ¼f'kojkf=½ ij yxus okyk ;gk¡ dk esyk vkfnokfl;ksa dk lcls cM+k esyk gSA bl esys esa vkfnoklh laLd`fr] jaxhfu;ksa vkSj jkl ØhM+kvksa dh vuwBh >yd ns[kus dks feyrh gSA okxM+ izns'k dk ;g f'ko efUnj fyaxkdkj esa izfrf"Br gSA cs.ks'oj uke Hkxoku f'ko ds fyax ij vk/kkfjr gSA dgrs gaS ;g fyax Lo;a mn~Hkwr gqvk tks Lo;EHkw fyax dgyk;kA ;g fyax Hkh ik¡p LFkkuksa ij ls [kf.Mr gSA blds ckjs esa ;gk¡ ,d dFkk izpfyr gS& dVkjk ds ikl gh uokriqjk xk¡o gSA ;gk¡ ls xk; izfrfnu f'ko efUnj vkrh vkSj f'kofyax ij nqX/kkfHk"ksd dj pyh tkrh gSA ,d fnu Xokyk ijs'kku gks x;k rFkk xk; ds ihNs pyk vk;kA xk; f'ko eafnj igq¡ph vkSj fyax ij nqX/kkfHk"ksd djrs gq, Xokyk us ns[k fy;kA Qyr% xk; ogk¡ ls HkkxhA Hkkxrs le; f'kofyax mlds [kwj ds uhps vk x;k blls og ik¡p LFkkuksa ls [kf.Mr gks x;kA

;gk¡ eq[; f'ko eafnj esa fnu esa nks ckj iwtk gksrh gSA f'kofyax ij Qwy vkfn lHkh p

2- ?kksfV;k vkack esyk

okxM+ dk tuthou /kkfeZd ekU;rkvksa ,oa vkLFkkvksa ls Hkjk iM+k gSA ekuxkM+ksy] Qykfl;k] dqekfj;k] [ksM+k vkfn ds nsoyksa ls vkfnoklh dkefM+;k Hkhyksa dh lsok jkensoth ds vkrh gS rFkk fu'kku p

tEcq}hi dh laKk nh o jkenso vkjk/kuk dk LFky Hkh crk;kA J)kyq ckck tjxukFk dks nks jax dh /otk pwys vk, gSaA gs yM+dh] tc rqe esys esa vkvks rks eq>s ns[kdj viuk gkFk Å¡pk dj nsuk rks eSa rqEgkjs ikl vk tkÅ¡xkA rqEgsa >wys esa >wykÅaxkA xkSreth ds esys esa Å¡ps lksus ds njokts gSa rFkk pkanh dh f[kM+fd;k¡ gaSA eSa rqEgsa cksj vkSj pwfM+;k¡ [kjhn dj nwaxkA vkfnoklh ckyk ls fe=rk gksus ij os esys esa ukpdj] xhr xkdj vxys esys esa feyus dk fuea=.k nsrs gaSA esys esa fofHkUu vapyksa ls vkus okys vkfnoklh esykFkhZ Qkxquh

51

Ük`axkj esa xhr xkrs fFkjdrs utj vkrs gSaA vkfnoklh esyksa esa ?kwej vkSj xSj u`R;ksa ds lkFk yksdxhr okrkoj.k dks eneLr cuk nsrs gSaA

6- ekux

6- ih-vkj- uk;Mw % Hkkjr ds vkfnoklh fodkl dh leL;k,¡] jk/kk ifCyds'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 1997

7- MkW- 'kaHkqyky nks'kh] MkW- ujsUnz ,u- O;kl ¼la-½ % jktLFkku dh vuqlwfpr tutkfr;k¡] fgeka'kq ifCyds'ku] mn;iqj] 1992

8- MkW- vtqZu flag 'ks[kkor % vkfnoklh lkfgR;] laLÑfr o bfrgkl ¼laLÑfr dh olh;r½] vkfnoklh vdkneh] ikyh ¼jktñ½ fnO;k izdk'kuA

9- ij'kqjke catkjk % vkfnokfl;ksa dh ijEijkxr izFkk,¡] vkLFkk laLFkku mn;iqj ¼jktñ½ 2013

10- MkW- uhjtk HkV~V % 18oha&19oha 'krkCnh esa jktLFkku dk Hkhy lekt] fgeka'kq ifCyds'ku] mn;iqj] 2007

11- jkepUnz iykr % jktLFkku dh oufogkjh tutkfr;k¡] fgeka'kq ifCyds'kUl] mn;iqj] f}rh; laLdj.k] 2014

12- MkW- ch-ds- dyklqvk % Hkhy vkfnoklh lekt dk iFk izn'kZd] vjkoyh mn~?kks"k if=dk] mn;iqj

13- Jh pUn tSu % ouoklh Hkhy vkSj mudh laLÑfr] jktLFkkuh xzaFkkxkj tks/kiqj] f}rh; laLdj.k] 2015

14- gjh'k pUnz 'kkD; % vkfnoklh vkSj mldk bfrgkl] vuqjkx izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh 2011

15- MkW- ,y-lh- 'kekZ % Hkhy lekt dyk ,oa laLÑfr] ekyrh izdk'ku] t;iqj] 1998

16- MkW- izsepUn Mkch % tutkrh; yksd lkfgR;] vadqj izdk'ku] mn;iqj 2007

17- MkW- izdk'k pUnz esgrk % vkfnoklh laLÑfr ,oa izFkk,a] fMLdojh ifCyf'kax gkml izkbosV fy- ubZ fnYyh] 2009

18- txnh'k pUnz eh.kk % Hkhy tutkfr dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa vkfFkZd thou] fgeka'kq ifCyds'ku] mn;iqj

19- MkW- egsUnz Hkk.kkor % vkfnoklh thou/kkjk] fgeka'kq ifCyds'ku] mn;iqj 2008

20- ,l-ds- lSuh % jktLFkku ds vkfnoklh] ;wfud VªsMlZ t;iqj 2015

53

Celebration of Holi, A Spring Festival among the Bhils of Udaipur, Rajasthan

Dr. Tilak Bagchi*Dr. Yashpal Baranda**

The Bhil as a tribe are no�onally outside the mainstream of Indian or Hindu

civiliza�on, yet certain form of all India and regional Hinduism are found in some

of the elements in the life and culture of the Bhils. Cultural contact and

accultura�on with some castes specially Rajputs are the main contributory

factor responsible for assimila�on of Hindu element in the cultural facets of the

Bhil tribal community. This phenomenon can easily be envisaged through Holi

which is by and large a ritual of all India Hinduism. For the Bhils the Holi is not

only a fes�val of colour and fes�val of love alone. This fes�val signifies victory of

good over evil, arrival of spring a�er the end of winter and thanksgiving for good

winter harvest. This fes�val is also celebrated as joy, play and laugh. Several

great and li�le tradi�onal elements are pivoted around the fes�val of Holi. In

this paper an a�empt has been made to show the facets of Holi, as a major

fes�val of the Bhils of Udaipur.

Introduc�on:

Spring fes�val of the Hindus is mainly represented by Holi. It is celebrated with

usual pomp throughout the length and breadth of India. Holi as a major spring

fes�val is observed all over India while 'Swing Fes�val' of Lord Krishna has a

more restricted distribu�on being present in the eastern parts of India, some

parts of U�ar Pradesh including Mathura where Braj tradi�on is preponderant

and some parts of South India . The ritual associated with Holika, the sister of

demon king Hiranakashyapu is similarly confined to a narrow strip of land

extending over Gujarat, Central India, Madhya Pradesh and far way in eastern

India including Hajaribagh area of present day Jharkhand and some parts of

north and east Bengal which falls under the present day territorial jurisdic�on of

West Bengal and Bangladesh. The Holi fes�val began as an agricultural sacrifice

from eastern to western part of India (Bose, 1967).

* Assistant Keeper, Anthropological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Udaipur.

**Lecturer, Department of Drawing and Painting, J.R Sharma Mahavidyala, Rishabdev, Udaipur

Abstract

54

The fes�val of Holi is celebrated as a “fes�val of colour” and “fes�val of

eternal love”. The fes�val of Holi also signifies the victory of good over evils,

arrival of spring a�er the end of winter and thanksgiving for good winter

harvest. The fes�val is also celebrated as joy, play and laughs forget and forgive

and repair of broken societal nexus. It is a spring celebra�on of love, frolic and

colour. It mainly lasts for a night and day star�ng in the evening of Poornima(full

moon day) falling in the Vikram Samvat Hindu luni-solar calendar month

Phalgun which falls some�mes between the middle of February and the middle

of March in the Gregorian calendar. The first evening is celebrated as Holika

Dahan or Cho� Holi and the following day is observed as Holi, Dulhandi or

Phagua. However, in the Bhil society fes�val of Holi starts few days before the

day of Poornima and con�nues few days a�er Dulhandi in some form of other as

a blending of great and li�le tradi�on i.e laukik and shastrik tradi�on.

Fes�val of Holi in History:

The earliest reference of Holi in Sanskrit literature occurs in the Savarabhasya of

Jaiminis Purbamimamsha, a work which was possibly composed in the middle

of fourth century A.D. The next important reference regarding Holi occurs in

Alberuni's Indica (circa 1000A.D) in which fes�val of Holi is said to be observed in

the month of Phalgun (middle of February to middle of March) while Swing

Fes�val of Lord Krishna another major spring fes�val was held in the following

month of Chaitra (middle of March to middle of April). It is a significant fact that

in the Bhagwat Puran which was composed prior to 17th century A.D does not

contain any reference of the Swing Fes�val associated with Holi. During the

medieval period we found copious reference of 'Swing Fes�val' which is

concerned with the story of Lord Krishna. The inference being that though

'Swing Fes�val' was not uncommon in Indian Bhak� tradi�on of Lord Krishna but

it has not came into existence as a major popular public fes�val before the

composi�on of Bhagwat Purana. We may provisionally divide the history of

spring fes�val of India into following period:-

1. Introduc�on or inven�on of agricultural sacrifice which was later

transformed into Holi.

2. Inven�on of 'Swing Fes�val' in the Ramgarh inscrip�on of the medieval

period.

55

3. Inven�on of the Fes�val of Madana was followed in the subsequent phase.

The original Siamese Fes�val was developed during the 12th century A.D

and con�nued up to the end of 16th century when the Holi became quite

popular in pan Indian context. In course of �me worship of Madana, a great

fes�val connected with it was transformed to the Holi instead.

4. Krishna rocked in a swing the celebra�on being held ini�ally in the month of

Chaitra was and is being very popular to those area where Krishna cult or

Bhak� tradi�on is penetrated in bigger way.

5. The 'Swing Fes�val' shi�ed to the month of Phalgun and became fused with

the Holi. Against the backdrop of the above historical background,

celebra�on of Holi fes�val of Rajasthan is described in a very nutshell.

Holi in Rajasthan:

The colourful state of Rajasthan observed Holi mainly as per Mathura or

Braj tradi�on of U�ar Pradesh. A night before the full moon day crowds or

villagers and other people gather together and light huge bonfire to burn the

residual dried leaves and twigs of winter. The Rajput, Brahman and society and

people of higher social order o�en engage a Brahman Pandit (priest) to perform

Homa i.e fire sacrifice before Holika Dahan. However, people and society of

lower social order and tribal mostly do not follow this tradi�on. The central pole

of the bonfire is not allowed to burn for it is supposed to represent Prahlad, the

son Hiranakashyapu who is not burnt in fire. As soon as the central pole can be

handled, it is taken out and thrown into nearest well, river or water bodies.

Everyone, consider it is the duty to add something to the Holi in his own hand

when the bonfire is alight. They o�en throw or offer coconut to it. Sugarcane,

ghee (clarified bu�er) and shoots of newly harvested grains are also thrown in

the bonfire. All these are later being taken out and eaten as Prasad (food taken

a�er devo�onal offering to God). Next day i.e the day of Dulhandi people throw

colour water and powder (gulal and kumkum) on each other and make merry.

Singing, dancing and tradi�onal bea�ng of Dhol (a kind of processional musical

instrument) adds to the flavor and gaiety of the occasion. On this day Rajput and

other royal family mingle with the commoners. Some of the villagers and other

people observe Braj Fes�val in honour of Lord Krishna a few days before the

actual Holi. The fes�val is marked by verve and zest. Villagers in gay and

mul�hued a�re can be seen by singing and performing Raslila depic�ng the

56

eternal and immortal love story of Radha and Krishna. Some of the folk cultural

tradi�ons like Madi Holi, Gair. Dolchi Holi is also associated with the Holi fes�val.

In Udaipur and adjacent part of south Rajasthan Holin fes�val depicts inter play

of regional and tradi�onal culture.

Introducing Bhil:

The Bhils are the largest tribal group of India and second largest tribal

group of Rajasthan. The Bhils as a whole are not a single homogenous group

(Karve,n.d). There is a large number of literature on the life and culture of the

Bhils (Carstairs, 1954, 1961; Naik, 1960; Doshi, 1971; Doshi, 1974; Mann 1982,

Kale, 1987; Jain 1989; Doshi& Vyas,1992; Mehta,1998; Saxena,2000 and Majhi

Srivastava ,2010 and others) In Rajasthan they are mainly distributed in Mewar

eco - cultural zone which is located in the southern part of Rajasthan. Udaipur is

one of the core zone of concentra�on of the Bhils of Mewar. The word Bhil is

derived from the Dravidian word vil or bilmeans archer or bowman. They speak

one of the vanishing language Bhili which belong to Indo-Aryian family of

languages. In Udaipur and adjacent region they are well versed with other

regional languages and dialects like Hindi, Mewari and Vagdi and so on. The

same languages are commonly used by their caste counterparts. The total

number of Bhils of Rajasthan is 4,100,204 souls (as per 2011 census)

cons�tu�ng 44.38 percent of the total tribal popula�on of the State. The figure

does not include a large sec�on of Bhil Mina mostly spelt as Meena or Bhil

Meena and a small segment of Damor who are enumerated as Mina and Damor

in various decadal censuses. If we consider the popula�on figure of Bhil Mina,

Bhil Meena and Bhil Damor popula�on with the Bhils, the Bhil will probably

emerged as the largest tribal community of Udaipur and Rajasthan.

Holi Fes�val of the Bhils of Udaipur:-

The Bhils observe various fes�vals like Holi, Deepawali, Makar Sakran�,

Navaratra, Akhateej and so on. Most of the fes�vals observe by the Bhils are

Hindu fes�val. Holi fes�val is celebrated by the Bhils of Udaipur in par�cular and

south Rajasthan in general with usual pomp and grandeur. Folk tale, folk song,

folk dance and other facets of folk culture are linked with the fes�val of Holi. Holi

is celebrated by the Bhils of Udaipur as fes�val of colour and fes�val of love.

The prepara�on of Holi begins some one or two months prior to Holi.

During this period the people work very hard with a view to earn sufficient cash

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and save as much money as possible. It is also a thanksgiving ceremony a�er

harves�ng.In this sense the fes�val can also be treated as post harvest fes�val. A

bamboo pole locally known as helda is to be fixed in the central place of the

village some 15 to 30 days before Holi as central pole commected with Holika

Dehan fes�val. This plant serve as the central pole and represent Bhakta

Prahlad, the son of notorious demon king Hirankshyapu. In prac�ce the pole is

fixed on the day of Holi or few days prior to Holi as it is feared that somebody

may steal or make damage to central bamboo pole of Holika Dhehan fes�val

before Holi. However, no Bhil dares to make any damage to this plant or central

pole before Holi. If anybody from Bhils society try to destroy or damage central

bamboo pole the person is punished or temporarily ex-communicated. The

person is also socially boyco�ed and not being invited during marriage and

death ceremonies and rituals associated with feast commonly known as Sadi

Bhoj, Mrityu Bhoj and so on. In many occasion pole is fixed on the day of Holi

singing and dancing commence about a month prior to Holi. One peculiarity of

this occasion is that in past women especially teenagers and spinsters including

village maiden sing abusive sexy songs. Every night small groups of 10-15

teenagers and spinsters invade the houses of important people and sing vulgar

songs in front of the house. They are not to leave the house �ll they are not paid

with small token of cash or coconut or both. Though youngsters may love and

enjoy the event but elderly people especially elderly women o�en downcast

their eyes and ears by singing such vulgar songs. Now these events are not much

popular. Instead of these in urban areas and also in villages the male folk collect

token cash from various shops and houses by bea�ng drum, a kind of percussion

musical instrument and singing the folk songs of Holi. This kind of ritual

mendicancy is now quite popular in Bhil society. Besides, men rejoice by

par�cipa�ng s�ck dance commonly known as Gher dance.

Gher Dance :-

The Gher dance also spelt and known Gair dance is most common folk dance

performed on the occasion of Holi. The dance starts about 10 days prior to Holi

and con�nues five days a�er Holi i.e upto Rav Panchami. In general the Gher

dance is the simpliest form of folk dance both in content and form.The dance is

performed with playing of different musical instrument like Dhol, Nagara, Kundi,

Ghungra and so on. During this dance the performer dancing two or more

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separate lines and began to form one or more circles as this dance gets tempo.

The tempo of the dances increases gradually to a point where each person has a

revolving movement along the circumference of the circle. The hip movements

are the characteris�c feature of this dance. The dance is vigorous and there is no

languorous movement. This is predominantly immense dance however

nowadays a few females also par�cipate in this dance. The Bhils staying in urban

areas o�en visit to their village to par�cipate in this dance.

Dhundotsav:-

A few days prior to Holi most of the men pay a visit to the houses their married

sisters or daughters house provided that their sisters or daughters are blessed

with children since last Holi. The men never forget to take a token gi�s and

clothes and some�mes ornaments as well for his sisters or daughters and

clothes, ornaments, toys and sweetmeat for the new born children. The male

take the new born children on their lap and bless them for prosperity and good

fortune. The new born children and their mothers are adorning with new

garments and ornaments given to them by the father or brother of the women

who are blessed with children. The guests are warmly welcomed by their sisters

and daughters with good foods and drinks. Previously, the male guests who

came to the house of their sisters or daughters on the occasion of Dhundotsav

are entertained with plenty or liquor, goat meat and indigenous cigare�es.

However, due to the interven�on of various social reform organiza�on like Bhil

Samaj Vikas Sami�, Vanvasi Kalyan Parishad and so on, the drinking of liquor is

now prohibited to a large extent during the occasion of Dhundotsav. Instead the

male guests are entertained with sweetmeat and vegetarian or non vegetarian

dishes. The guests are also entertained by the neighbours of the hosts specially

spinsters and teenagers who come to sing and dance and expect to get some

money in return as gi�.

Holika Dahan or Cho� Holi:-

On the day of Holi a messenger or announcer usually make a public

announcement to the effect that all the villages should assemble in the place of

Holika Dahan to observe Cho� Holi. They are asked to bring newly harvested

wheat, paddy, coconut and at least a log of wood. In the evening specially a�er

sunset the villagers assemble in the place of Holika Dahan with newly harvested

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crops like wheat, paddy, coconut (srifal) and at least a log of wood. In the

evening specially a�er se�ng of the sun the villagers reach the place of Holika

Dhahan with new clothes if possible and affordable. Two poles are fixed side by

side one very large and another compara�vely smaller. The bigger pole is known

as Holi while the smaller hole is called as Amli. A central pole is also fixed which

represent Bhakta Prahlad. Some of the Bhils are of opinion that Holi or Holika

and Amli is husband-wife while other argues that they are nothing but brother

and sister. A central pole is also fixed which represent Bhakta Prahlad.

Some�mes a pundit (priest) is invited. He usually comes from nearby village or

locality and �es a thread around the Holi. He then directs the headmen of the

village to observe some rituals a�er which Holi is lighted However, it is not

mandatory to invite priest to observe sanskri�zed rituals before ligh�ng of the

Holi. A�er ligh�ng of the Holi, tradi�onal headmen or senior most male

members of the village use to stand up facing Holi. He then run or moves an�

clockwise circula�ng the Holi for seven �mes and throw pieces of coconut,

sweetmeat etc. In the last run, he generally throws a whole coconut into the

burning flame of the Holi. It is followed by other villagers. The girls married a�er

the preceding Holi also do the same exercise and throw the whole coconut into

the fire of the Holi and then take the blessing of the parents and other elderly

members of the village by touching their feet. The women who are married a�er

preceding Holi come to their house of the parents for observing this ritual at

least one to two days before preceding Holi. The ritual is known as Terta. The

child born a�er preceding Holi is also brought by their mother and they along

with their new born children rotate an� clock wise circula�ng the Holi and throw

coconut, sweetmeat etc in the fire of Holi for the well being and good fortune of

the child. Some of the young boys and girls also dance in the sight of the Holi.

The females sing devo�onal song of Krishna, Prahlad and Shiva. Both newly

married women and mother of new born child try to take out coconut thrown by

them before they are burnt to fire and take the same as Prasad. When the flame

of the Holi is shoot up all the villagers including Bhils who are assembled in the

place of Holi rescue the central pole represen�ng Bhakta Prahlad represen�ng

the fire of Holi. It signifies the rightness over evil (Chauhan, 1967). The custom of

Holika Dhahan signify the destroy of Holika , the sister of demon king

Hiranayakashyapu and victory of Bhakta Prahlad. The central pole is o�en

immersed in ponds and other water bodies a�er Holika Dhahan.

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Fes�val during the day of Dhulandi:-

Holika Khekara:-

In the next morning i.e the day of Dhulandi, the females prepare an effigy of

Holika Khekara by cowdung. The effigy represents Lord Shrinath or Krishna. The

said cowdung made effigy is worshipped with grass, milk of cow, ghee (clarified

bu�er), newly harvested wheat, rice or paddy, other newly harvested crops,

incense s�ck, lamp of oil or ghee. The said effigy is worshipped either by the

married female or by the married couple together. A�er the said fes�val the

ca�les and other domes�cated animals are adorned with coloured powder

(gulal or kumkum) and water. The ca�le and other domes�cated animals

including buffaloes are also given good food and are allowed to roam outside

the house for grazing from dawn to dusk.

Rangwali Holi:-

A�er worshipping Holika Khekra, Rangwali Holi is celebrated as free for all

fes�val of colour. People smear each other with mixture of coloured powder

(gulal or kumkum)and water and drench each other. They also give gulal or

kumkum to all the dei�es of the village temple, shrines and place of sacred

sanctum of the house and seek the blessing of good fortune and prosperity. A

special puja is also o�en arranged on this occasion in all the sacred centers of

the village. All the Bhils and other Hindu communi�es con�nues par�cipa�ng

this fes�val as it is fes�val of anyone and everyone, friend and foe, rich and poor,

people of higher and lower social order, man and women as well as children and

elders. Water gun and water filled ballons are recently used by the Bhils to play

and co