Volcano Volcano NotesNotesChapter 18

VocabularyVocabularyHot Spot-Hot region of Earth’s mantle where-high temperature mantle material rise towards the surface. Hawaii

Caldera- a large depression at the top of the volcano.• Pyroclastic Flow- gas, extremeheat and fragments that erupt

from a volcano. Fast moving and deadly!!

VocabularyVocabularyAA- Jagged and sharp cooled lava

from Hawaiian shield volcanoes.

Pahoehoe- Lava that forms a ropy texture when cooled. Also, from a Hawaiian shield volcano.

Tephra- Rock fragments thrown up into the air during an eruption.

VocabularyVocabularyFissure-long crack is

Lahar- A landslide or mudflow of volcanic fragments on the flanks of a volcano

Composite/Composite/StratovolcanoStratovolcanoMagma Type- FelsicShape- Alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic flows. Steep

Eruption Type- ExplosiveExamples- Mt. Pinatubo , Mt. Vesuvius, Tambora, Krakatoa, and Mt. St. Helens.

Mt. VesuviusMt. St. HelensPinatubo

Shield VolcanoesShield VolcanoesMagma Type- MaficShape- Broad based with gentle slopes

Eruption Type- Quiet/Calm

Examples- Kilauea and Mauna Loa

KilaueaMauna Loa

Cinder Cone Cinder Cone VolcanoVolcano

Magma Type- FelsicShape- Steep SlopesEruption Type- Explosive

Examples- Paricutin

SupervolcanoesSupervolcanoesMagma Type- FelsicShape- Caldera- typically underground

Eruption Type- Very explosive

Examples- Yellowstone and Toba

Yellowstone Toba