volcanoes and volcanism products of volcanism pyroclastic flows can have large amounts expelled by...

22

Upload: gervais-underwood

Post on 27-Dec-2015

216 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Tags:

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

Page 2: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM

PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes.Particles are generally large.Gravity tends to pull the pyroclastic material downhill.PYROCLASTIC FLOW or NUÉE ARDENTE.Trapped air and magmatic gases keep material

suspended.Very low friction, velocities >150 km/hr (90 mi/hr).

Page 3: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM

PYROCLASTIC FLOWSNUÉE ARDENTE

Mt. Pelee,Martinique, 1908

Page 4: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

Page 5: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM

PYROCLASTIC FLOWSMaterial in nuée ardente may not cool completely

before deposition.Soft material fuses with other particles.Forms solidified tephra.Called WELDED TUFF.

Page 6: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM

VOLCANIC MUDFLOWS

Pyroclastic material mixes with water.Flows downhill as a LAHAR.Generally happens where abundant, loose, moist soil

occurs.Tropical regions provide this setting.Helps if volcano is snow-capped or covered with

glaciers.Ash and dust may actually enhance the potential for

rain.

Page 7: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

Page 8: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM

LAHAR

Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991

Page 9: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

ActiveDormant

Page 10: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

Acid rainH2O + SO2 H2SO4 + O2

Climate Influences Dust blocks sunlight.

SO2 reflects and absorb radiation.

1815 - “The Year Without Summer”Eruption of Mt. Tambora, Indonesia

Produced 60-80 mi3 of tephra.

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM

SECONDARY VOLCANIC AFFECTS

Page 11: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM

SECONDARY VOLCANIC AFFECTS

Giant seawavesTSUNAMI are produced by submarine

volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

Page 12: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

ERUPTIVE STYLES AND LANDFORMS

Two major features of all volcanoes.

1. VOLCANIC CONE - mountain or hill formed fromsuccessive eruptions.

2. VOLCANIC CRATER - steep-walled bowl-shapeddepression surrounding the vent from which volcanic material escapes.

Page 13: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANIC CRATER

VOLCANIC CONE

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

Mount Ngauruhoe, NZ

Valley of Fires NationalRecreation Area, NM

Page 14: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS

Quiet non-explosive events.Produce basaltic lavas.Small amounts of pyroclastic material is produced.

Page 15: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

CENTRAL-VENT ERUPTIONS

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

Basaltic lava flows from one vent.Flows out evenly in all directions.Produces a low, broad volcanic cone.

Termed a SHIELD VOLCANO.Gentle slope with a broad summit.

Found in Hawaii: Mauna LoaMauna Kea

Page 16: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

SHIELD VOLCANO

Mauna Loa, HI

Page 17: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

Lava may accumulate in the crater of the volcano.Crater fills to capacity and flows over the edge.Summit may then collapse into the evacuated area.Produces a CALDERA.

CALDERA are typically big.

Collapse may close the vent causing lava to escapeelsewhere producing a FLANK ERUPTION.

Kilauea on the flank of Mauna Loa, Hawaii.

Page 18: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

CAULDERA

Kilauea Caldera

Page 19: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

Kilauea, Hawaii

Flank Volcano

Page 20: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

FISSURE ERUPTIONS ON LAND

Series of linear fractures or fissures.Produces FLOOD BASALTS.Lava spreads out in thick layers.Thick layers are called LAVA PLATEAUS.

Page 21: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

Columbia River Plateau lavas, WA.

Page 22: VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM PRODUCTS OF VOLCANISM PYROCLASTIC FLOWS Can have large amounts expelled by volcanoes. Particles are generally large. Gravity tends

Deccan Traps, India

Volcanoes & Volcanism. Anatomy of a Volcano– Primary Features

Hawaiian Submarine Volcanism - SOEST | School of … Submarine Volcanism November 1, 2011 Mary Tardona GG 711 Stages of Hawaiian Volcanoes: • Typically, three main stages: – Pre‐shield

Origin of the Changbai intra- plate volcanism in Northeast ... · volcanoes, but only a few are still active now , such as C hangbai and W udalianchi volcanoes in N ortheast (N E

Hot Spot Volcanism All of the mountains in this map of the floor of the Pacific Ocean are volcanoes Note that there are several long chains of volcanoes

Postglacial Influence of Volcanism on the Landscape … and Scott: Postglacial Influence of Volcanism on the Puget Lowland All Washington volcanoes except for Mount Adams have erupted

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM The Nature and Status of Volcanoes ACTIVE - currently erupting volcano or one that has erupted very recently. Kilauea, HI Mt

Volcanism on Mars - Case Western Reserve Universityburro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr201/Chap09c.pdf · Volcanism on Mars •Mars has many large shield volcanoes. •Olympus Mons

Volcanoes and the Climate · Effects of this Volcanism An interesting theory on Volcanoes and Dinosaurs • Short term- Acid rain, Sulfur Dioxide, emissions of dust, acidic water,

Fires, Hurricanes, and Volcanoes: Comparing Large …landscape.zoology.wisc.edu/turner69.pdfFires, Hurricanes, and Volcanoes: Comparing Large Disturbances Large disturbances are heterogeneous

V. Volcanoes and Volcanism A. Mafic Volcanism and Volcanic Rocks B. Felsic Volcanism and Volcanic Rocks A. Mafic Volcanism and Volcanic Rocks B. Felsic

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM IN ECUADOR – AN EMPIRICAL …geo1.espe.edu.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/194-211.pdfThe 5,897 m high stratovolcano Cotopaxi is one of 20 active volcanoes

1 Volcanoes and Volcanism GLY 2010 – Summer 2015 – Lecture 8 Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy

VOLCANOES. volcanism - any activity which includes movement of magma toward or onto the earth’s surface

Chapter 5 Volcanoes and Volcanism - UNAMusuarios.geofisica.unam.mx/cecilia/cursos//VolcCh5...5.2 Volcanism and Volcanoes What do we mean by the terms volcanismand volcano? The latter

Komatiitic Explosive Volcanism, Volcanoes, and Its Tectonic Sig …komati.mbnet.fi/Synopsis.pdf · 2015-03-24 · Komatiitic Explosive Volcanism, Volcanoes, and Its Tectonic Significance

Volcanism The study of volcanoes and their activities

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY volcanism = any activity that includes movement of magma toward or onto surface volcanologists = scientists who study volcanoes - also

Presented by Rana Faizan Saleem Roll.No (10) Volcanoes Structure of a Volcano Volcanism and its Types Types of Volcanoes Landforms from Lava

Title: 18.1 Volcanoes; Divergent Volcanism & Hot Spots Page #: 103 Date: 4/29/2013

Postglacial Influence of Volcanism on the Landscape and … · 2020-05-28 · Pringle and Scott: Postglacial Influence of Volcanism on the Puget Lowland All Washington volcanoes except

Archaeology and Volcanism - Elsevier€¦ · Archaeology and Volcanism STEPHEN L. HARRIS CaliforniaStateUniversity,Sacramento I. Volcanoes as Preservers of Archaeological Sites II

Lecture 5 Volcanism. Lecture Outline ICharacteristics of Volcanoes IITypes of Volcanoes A)Shield Volcanoes i.Description ii.Composition iii.Eruption Features

Earth and Planetary Science Letters · arc volcanism subduction zones Volcanoes of the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) form the most active arc volcano system in the world. Volcanoes

Volcanoes Lab 5. Concepts Location of active volcanoes Volcanism 3 categories Viscosity 5 types of extrusive volcanism Examples of each 3 types of lava

VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM

Volcanoes A Lesson Plan Written By Tom Huettl Lecture Outline »Areas of Volcanism »Types of Volcanoes »Types of Lava »Viscosity

Chapter 5 Volcanoes and Volcanism. Introduction About 550 volcanoes have been active in historical times. About 12 or so erupt each year; most eruptions

Large historical eruptions at subaerial mud volcanoes, Italy

Volcanism and Volcanoes - Lakehead University · PDF fileVolcanism and Volcanoes • Volcanism is one of the most impressive displays of Earth’s dynamic internal processes. • From

1 Volcanoes and Volcanism GLY 2010 – Summer 2012 – Lecture 8 Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy

Exploring Geology on World-Wide Web Volcanoes and Volcanism · Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web - Volcanoes and Volcanism ... (AVI format) from Understanding ... the Swiss

Volcanoes Section 1 Section 1: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Preview Objectives Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Formation of Magma Volcanism Major Volcanic

Silicic volcanism: An undervalued component of large igneous

Volcanoes. 7.1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Magma – hot liquid rock Volcanism – movement of magma toward suface Lava – magma on the surface Vent

Chapter 18 Notes Volcanism. Volcanoes The location of volcanoes on Earth is not random