Name ____________________________ Date ___________________ Class____________V

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s

© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

VolcanoesCompletionFill in the line to complete each statement.

1. The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water deep in

Earth’s mantle is called ____________________.

2. The ____________________ is a belt of volcanoes around the rim of the Pacific Ocean.

3. The more ____________________ that magma contains, the thicker the magma is.

4. A(n) ____________________ happens when an explosive eruption hurls ash, cinders, bombs, and gases out of a volcano.

5. A(n) ____________________ is a wide, gently sloping mountain made of hardened layers of low-silica lava.

6. A(n) ____________________ forms when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe and is later exposed.

7. A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances is a(n)

____________________.

8. A substance’s ability to burn is an example of a(n) ____________________.

True or FalseIf the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.

____________ 9. A caldera is a weak spot in the crust where magma comes through.

____________ 10. Liquid magma flows upward through the crust because it is less dense than the solid material around it.

____________ 11. Pahoehoe and aa are produced during explosive eruptions.

____________ 12. A hot spring is hot water and steam that erupts from the ground.

____________ 13. When the top of a volcanic mountain collapses, a crater forms.

____________ 14. A batholith is a mass of rock that formed when a large body of magma cooled inside Earth’s crust.

Volcanoes ! Chapter Test

sxtr05_bkf_ch03_es7.fm Page 487 Tuesday, November 30, 2004 12:27 PM

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Name ____________________________ Date ___________________ Class____________

Multiple ChoiceWrite the letter of the correct answer on the line.

____ 15. An area where magma melts through the crust in the middle of a plate is called a(n)a. island arc. b. hot spot.c. geyser. d. pipe.

____ 16. Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called aa. pipe. b. caldera.c. vent. d. magma chamber.

____ 17. Which is not a physical property of magma from an explosive eruption?a. thick and sticky b. high viscosityc. flows easily d. high in silica

____ 18. Volcanic soils are fertile because they containa. silica. b. sulfur and liquid nitrogen.c. basalt. d. potassium and phosphorus.

____ 19. Layers of thin, runny lava that flow over a wide area before they cool and harden can build up aa. lava plateau. b. cinder cone volcano.c. composite volcano. d. volcanic neck.

____ 20. A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the future is calleda. sleeping. b. extinct.c. active. d. dormant.

EssayAnswer each of the following on a separate sheet of paper.

21. Explain why ash, cinders, and bombs are produced only in explosive eruptions, not in quiet eruptions.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

22. What is geothermal energy? How is it used?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Volcanoes ! Chapter Test

sxtr05_bkf_ch03_es7.fm Page 488 Tuesday, November 30, 2004 12:27 PM

Name ____________________________ Date ___________________ Class____________

Vo

lca

no

es

© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

Using Science Skills

23. Classifying

Which type of volcanic mountain is shown above?

________________________________________________________________________

24. Comparing and Contrasting

How does this type of volcano compare to the volcanoes that formed the Hawaiian islands?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

25. Predicting

What kind of material is likely to erupt next? Explain why.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

lava

ash, cinders,and bombs

magma

Volcanoes

!

Chapter Test

sxtr05_bkf_ch03_es7.fm Page 489 Thursday, December 23, 2004 1:11 PM

© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

Name ____________________________ Date ___________________ Class____________

Using Science Skills: Interpreting GraphsThe graph below shows the amount of material that was ejected in some famous volcanic eruptions. Use the graph to answer the following questions.

26. Which eruption ejected the most material? _________________________

27. Which eruption ejected the least material? _________________________

28. About how much material was ejected in each eruption?

a. Vesuvius: ____________ km3

b. Tambora: ____________ km3

c. Mt. Katmai: ____________ km3

d. Krakatau: ____________ km3

EssayAnswer the following on a separate sheet of paper.

29. Identify and explain the factors that affect the force of a volcanic eruption.

30. The most recent earthquake in Yellowstone National Park changed the volcanic activity there. Some geysers now erupt at different intervals than they did before. A few geysers have stopped erupting, and some new geysers have formed. Explain what might have happened during the earthquake to change the geyser activity.

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Volcanoes ! Chapter Test

sxtr05_bkf_ch03_es7.fm Page 490 Tuesday, November 30, 2004 12:27 PM