volcanology of costa rica - nsta 2010
DESCRIPTION
This presentation was offered by Carlos Jose Ramirez on behalf of Holbrook Travel's NSTA expedition to Costa Rica for educators July 2010. The presentation echoed a hands-on visit to seismology monitoring devices on Arenal Volcano.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GEOLOGÍA, VOLCANOLOGÍA Y SISMOLOGÍA
Red Sismológica National (UCR-ICE)Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR)
Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE)
Volcanólogos
Carlos José Ramirez
![Page 2: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Seismic cross-sections
![Page 15: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Historic earthquakes M > 5
![Page 16: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
TurrialbaIrazú
Poás Barva
Arenal
Miravalles
Rincón de la Vieja
Subduction85 mm/yr
Tenorio
Subduction65 mm/yr
![Page 23: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• First Volcanological Observatory on Central America (1964)
• Central America School of Geology, UCR (1970)
• Center for Geophysics Reseach, CIGEFI (1979)
• National Seismological Network (ICE-UCR, 1974)
![Page 26: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Seismometer
![Page 28: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
TURRIALBAVOLCANO
3339 m Altitude3 craters2 activeLast eruption 1864-66
![Page 29: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CRATERS AT TURRIALBA VOLCANO
Cráter Noreste
![Page 30: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Fumaroles
![Page 31: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Carrying Equipment on the Field
Ooh Ooh!
Mass Spectrometer
![Page 32: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
New fumarolic activity at southeast crater
![Page 33: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Plume of gases
![Page 34: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
IRAZÚVOLCANO
3342 m
![Page 36: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
FUMAROLES90 °C
Irazú Crater
Diego de la HayaCrater
Main Crater
Diameter ± 1000 m
Deep ± 250 m
Lagoon Diameter ± 150 m
Lagoon 14 to 20 m depth
pH 3.5 to 4.5, 18 to 25 °C
![Page 37: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Northeast fumaroles
±90 ºC
![Page 38: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Seismic and Faults around Irazú and Turrialba Volcanoes
![Page 39: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
1960
Similar Changes 3 years before
eruption
January, 2003 Febraury 9, 2003
![Page 40: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
1963-65
Eruptions Time
![Page 41: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Irazú Volcano
(1964)
Ash Collectors
![Page 42: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Barva Lagoon
Danta Lagoon
Copey Lagoon
BARVA VOLCANIC COMPLEX
3 Lagoons
![Page 43: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Laguna Copey
![Page 44: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Barva CraterDiameter ± 145m
pH 4, ± 19 °C
![Page 45: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Diameter ± 100m
pH 4, ± 18 °C
DANTACRATER
![Page 46: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
POÁSCRATER
BOTOSCRATER
PLUME AFFECTEDAREA
POÁS VOLCANO> 500.000 visitors / year
Parking Lot
![Page 47: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Crater Diameter ± 1320 m
Deep ± 350 m
Lagoon Diameter ± 350 m
Lagoon 40 to 55 m depth
pH 0, 25 to 48 ºC surface
![Page 48: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Dome
95 °C
![Page 49: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Eruption period
1984-89
![Page 51: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Red Sulphur>220 ºC, pH 0
Fumarole Pipe
Pyroclastic Sulphur from Pipes
BEFORE
NOW
![Page 52: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Poas Pele Hair
![Page 53: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Sulphur Flow
![Page 54: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Sulphur Flow
![Page 55: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Temperature vs pHHiperacid Hot Lake Poás
37.0
45.3
38.0
45.4
40.0
38.0
35.5
34.0
36.0
33.034.0
33.032.0
34.0
36.035.0
33.0
39.640.0
37.3
32.0
29.3
25.626.526.0
25.0
28.730.0
32.0
30.030.0
35.034.1
38.138.138.0
30.9
34.3
32.0
36.0
33.5
28.0
25.026.0
21.0
25.826.0
29.0
31.7
41.5
39.8 39.540.1
37.0
34.032.8
34.8
26.726.3
24.5
22.322.4
24.123.623.623.10 0 0 0 0 0
0.5
1 1
0.7
0.5
0.860.90.86
0.60.7
0.8
0
0.5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1.8
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
0
1 1 1 1 1
0 0
1 1 1
0.50.5
1.88
1.5
1
0
1 1 1 1
0.5
0
0.50.50.50.50.5
0
0.5
20
25
30
35
40
45
Ago-98 Feb-99 Ago-99 Feb-00 Ago-00 Feb-01 Ago-01 Feb-02 Ago-02 Feb-03 Ago-03 Feb-04
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
-0.2
0.3
0.8
1.3
1.8
(pH)
Temperatura
pH
Lake
Sampling
Change of color during the seasons
Emerald
Rain and sediment
Turquoise
![Page 56: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Tepha Deposits
![Page 65: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Eruption
17 – 25 may 1953
Elaboration of Hazard Maps
![Page 69: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Botos Lagoon
14 m depth
12 °C Temperature
Diving for collect
Gas Sampling
Fumaroles Area
![Page 71: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
ARENAL VOLCANO
1100 m Height
37 years continuous activity (1968-2005)
One of the 16 most active volcanoes in the world
![Page 72: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Historic pictures from Arenal 1968Historic pictures from Arenal 1968
Destroyed town of Pueblo Nuevo
78 death people
Bomb
Impact craters
![Page 73: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
1968 EruptionArenal Volcano
(92 Death)
![Page 74: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Magma Chamber
>10 km down
Crater CCrater D
![Page 75: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Fortuna town
6 km from the volcano
10.000 people
![Page 76: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
± 120 km / h
>400 ºC
Pyroclastic Flows
1998
Hot Spring Spa’s at 800 m
![Page 78: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
National Seismological Network
Arenal Research Center?
NO, is the Hot Spring Spa, at 4 km
![Page 79: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Volcanic bomb of ± 10 m diameter
![Page 81: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Lava front collapse
![Page 82: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Geological Map
![Page 83: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Dry Tiltmeter Network
![Page 84: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
200000
500
1000
500 1000 1500 30002500 3500 4000 4500
1500
2000
Con Sobrecarga F.S.=1.06Estática F.S.= 1.09
Seudoestática F.S.=0.64
Seudoestática F.S.=0.77Con Sobrecarga F.S.=1.14Estática F.S.= 1.18
Volcanic Stability Analysis
![Page 85: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Geochemestry of Hot and Cold Springs
![Page 87: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Geological Mapping in volcanic areas
![Page 88: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Miravalles
Volcano
![Page 89: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
VOLCAN MIRAVALLES GEODESIC NETWORK
![Page 90: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Geothermal Electricity Plants at Miravalles Volcano
![Page 91: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Rincon de la Vieja
Volcano
![Page 92: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Fumaroles 90 °C
Water pH 2
Temperature 25 – 30 °C
![Page 94: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Bijagua
Río Naranjo
Cañas
Tilarán
Fortuna
Bagaces
G uayabo
-85.50 -85.40 -85.30 -85.20 -85.10 -85.00 -84.90 -84.80 -84.70 -84.60
10.35
10.40
10.45
10.50
10.55
10.60
10.65
10.70
10.75
10.80
10.85
10.90
Miravalles V.
Tenorio V.
Arenal V.
Liberia
G uayabo
Rincón dela Vieja V.
Arenal Lagoon
Seismicity of the Guanacaste Volcanoes
![Page 95: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
R/V Atlantis
Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institute
![Page 98: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
ALVIN
Submarine
![Page 99: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
METEOR M66GEOMAR
![Page 104: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
ROV Quest (MARUM, Bremen)
![Page 105: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Volatiles and Fluids in
Subduction Zones : Climate feedback and trigger
mechanisms for natural disasters
An overview.
3 Themes, each with 4 Subprojects
A Input, subduction processes and structure
B Volatiles and fluids in the forearc (continental slope)
C Volatile transfer through the volcanic arc into the atmosphere
![Page 106: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
9°30’9°20’
9°10’9°00’
8°50’8°40’
-2000
0
85°90’85°80’
85°70’85°60’
85°50’85°00
84°90’84°80’
Nicoya Slump
Tectonic oversteepening at erosive convergent margins:example: Costa Rica
SFB 574, Collaborative Research CentreVolatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones
![Page 107: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Nicoya Slump
-2000
0
9°30’9°20’
9°10’9°00’ 85°90’
85°80’85°70’
85°60’85°50’
84°00
slope failure caused by ridge and seamount subduction likely a single, catastrophic (tsunamigenic) event
SFB 574, Collaborative Research CentreVolatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones
![Page 108: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
9°30’9°20’
9°10’9°00’
8°50’8°40’
-2000
0
85°90’85°80’
85°70’85°60’
85°50’85°00
84°90’84°80’
Nicoya Slump
Jaco Scarp
Tectonic oversteepening at erosive convergent margins:example: Costa Rica
SFB 574, Collaborative Research CentreVolatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones
![Page 109: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Jaco Scarp
-2000
0
9°50’9°00’
8°50’85°50’
85°00’84°50’
continous slope indentation and failure caused by seamount subduction in a series of small scale slide events
SFB 574, Collaborative Research CentreVolatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones
![Page 110: Volcanology of Costa Rica - NSTA 2010](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061114/5461a1b6af79592a408b52d6/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
9°30’9°20’
9°10’9°00’
8°50’8°40’
-2000
0
85°90’85°80’
85°70’85°60’
85°50’85°00
84°90’84°80’
Nicoya Slump
Jaco Scarp
small scaleslumping
Tectonic oversteepening at erosive convergent margins:example: Costa Rica
SFB 574, Collaborative Research CentreVolatiles and Fluids in Subduction Zones