volume 2 engineering mechanics - gbv · fifth engineering mechanics division specialty conference...
TRANSCRIPT
Volume 2
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Proceedings of the
Fifth Engineering Mechanics Division
Specialty Conference
Sponsored by the
Engineering Mechanics Division
of the American Society of Civil Engineers
University of WyomingLaramie, Wyoming 82071
August 1-3,1984
In cooperation withThe Department of Civil Engineering andThe Division of Conferences and Institutes
University of Wyoming
Edited byA. R Boresi and K. R Chong
UB/TIB Hannover 8£
Published by the
American Society of Civil Engineers345 East 47th Street
NewYork, New York10017-2398
CONTENTS
KEYNOTE LECTURES
Twenty Years of Developments in Inelastic DynamicsP S Symonds 1
Trends in Mechanics ot Dynamic Instability
H H E Leipholz 24
Runaway Solitons
T Y Wu 1527
COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
C.l Structural Optimization
Mmumum Cost Computer Aided Design of Hybrid Girders
K E Anderson and K. P Chong 42
The Role of Optimization in Constitutive ModellingJ S DeNdtale 46
Fuzzy Optimum Design of Structures
G -Y Wang and W Q Wang 50
Optimality Criteria for Safety-Based Design
F Y Cheng and C C Chang 54
ct-[3 Algorithm in Structural OptimizationJ -H Lin 58
C.2 Structural Optimization
Structural Optimization Research in Dalian Institute of TechnologyL-X Qian 62
Optimization of Shapes tor Curve Beams oi Hooks
M J Nowak 66
Simple Algorithm for Dynamic Optimization of Structure
R Masih 70
Optimization of Beam-Columns for Static and Dynamic Stability
G Lin L P Nguyen and K Oei 74
Structural Optimization Using Two Level Approximation Concepts and GRG Method
S H Wang and K M Ragsdell 78
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
CM.l Optimization of Civil Engineering Structures
Gauss Nonhnearly Constrained Optimization Method
D R Boston K D Willmert and M Sathyamoorthy 82
Computer-Automated Synthesis of Building Frameworks
D E Gnerson and G b Cameron 86
Simultaneous Analysis and DesignR r Haftka 90
Reducing the Degree of Geometric Nonhneanty Thiough Structural OptimizationM P Kamat and L Mesquita 94
Optimum Design of Concrete Columns with Rectangular Sections Reinforced by
Symmetrical Steel Bars
F A Wang 98
CM 2 Mechanics of Composite Materials
Analysis of Delamination in Composite Laminates
A K Kaw and J G Goree 102
Low Velocity Impact Resistance of Tough Composites
K N Shivakumar and W IUg 106
A High Order Theory of Laminated Shells
J N Reddy and C F Liu 109
2D, Quasi 3-D and 3D Analysis of Composite Joints
I S Raju, B Dattaguru, and J D Whitcomb in
Three Dimensional Hybrid Stress Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates
with Cracks and Cutouts
S S Wang 116
CM.3 Boundary Element Methods
Generic Modeling—Boundary Integral Equation Method for Beam Section Properties
and Design Sensitivity ExponentsC P Pulver 120
Boundary Element Methods in Stream—Aquifer Interaction
J A Liggett 124
Finite Element—Boundary Integral Linkage AlgorithmsW S Dunbar 128
Integral Equation Methods in Fracture Mechanics
N J Altiero H2
Boundary Methods for Time Dependent Problems
J R Hutchinson 136
The Method of Fundamental Solutions, An Adaptive Boundary Eiement Method for
Problems in Potential Flow and Solid Mechanics
R L Johnston G Fairweather and P S Han 140
CM 4 Applied Fracture Mechanics
Analysis of Fracture Conditions for a Loaded FlangeP D Hilton R A Mayville and D C Pence 144
The Effect ol Biaxial Loading on Crack Tip Yield Zones
E T Moyer Ji and H Liebowitz 147
Modeling ol Multiple Fractures in a Borehole
S E Benzley and R A Schmidt 151
Fracture Mechanics Studies on High Pressuie Gas Cylinders
E P Chen 155
Computational Techniques for Predicting Rock Fragmentation and Rubbhzation
L M Taylor and J S Kuszmaul 157
Finite Element Analysis of Circular-Sector Cracks
C W Woo and C L Chow 1528
CM.5 Elasticity and Damage
Lateial Buckling of Beams
E Reissner H
Stress Analysis ol an Adhesive Lap Joint
P Czarnocki and K Piekarski 160
Finite Element Modelling of Discrete Cracks in Reinforced Concrete byContact Elements
W Kolmar and G Mehlhoin 164
A Variational Function toi Material DegradationG R Buchanan J G Bennett and E C Aifantis 168
CM.6 Computational Methods in Civil Engineering
A Numerical Method tor Solving Poisson s Equations and Double Poisson s EquationsZ -T Xue 172
Successive Symmetric Quadratures A New Approach to the Integration of Ordinary
Dilferential Equations
A R Robinson and T J Healey 176
Stability Analysis ot Mindhn s Plate by Higher Order Finite Element
A H C Chan L G Tham and Y K Cheung 180
Artificial Intelligence in Computer Aided Design of Structures
H Adeh 184
Beam Function
J J Tuma and C G Date 188
Analysis of Unbonded Fnctionless Contact Problems by Means of Penalty Method
F F Mahmoud 192
CM 7 Dynamics and Vibration
Infinite Element for Vibration of Half SpaceP Karasudhi and R K N D Rajapakse 197
Dynamic Loads in Layered Halfspaces
S W Hull and E Kausel 201
Application ot the Collocation Method to Static and Dynamic Analysis ol Shells
of Revolution
T Mikami and J Yoshimura 205
Transient Analysis of Skeletal Stiuctures
A E Vardy and L I Chan 209
Finite Elements for Static and Dynamic Analysis of Thin and Thick Plates
in Bending—A Comparative Evaluation
D Karamanhdis E E McEwen and G Fezzuoglio 213
Crashworthiness Evaluation of FRP CompositesB Pradhan and B Agrawal 218
CM.8 Novel Application of Numerical Methods
Stochastic Estimation of Electrical ConsumptionS D Koppula 222
Nonlinear Finite Element Model for Reinforced Concrete
B P Hsu and H M Aktan 1523
A Hybrid Method for Problems of Dynamics of Foundations
H -T Lin and J L Tassoulas 226
^Manuscript not available at time of printing
Boundary Integral Methods in Free Seepage AnalysisJ B Martins and E V da Veiga 230
Computing for Multistory Frame by Small Storage ComputerC-S Chao 234
The Oblique Network Method for Stiucture Optimal DesignJ Tang 236
CM.9 Plates and Shells
Compound Strip Method for Analysis of Continuous Elastic Plates
J A Puckett and R M Gutkowski 240
Application of the Similitude Theory for Numerical Solution ot Plates and Shells
with Large Deflections
B L Krayterman and G M Sabms 244
On Large Displacement Analysis of A Class ot Beams
T Huang 248
The "Integrated Bending Field" Plate Element
G R Moms 252
Vibration of Irregular Plates by Finite Strip Method with Spline Functions
J L Chen and K P Chong 256
The Uniformly Valid Asymptotic Solutions for Sphencal Thin Shells with
Constant Thickness undei Edge Loads
G Chen 261
DYNAMICS
D.l Dynamic Fluid-Structure Interaction
Dynamic Response of a Submerged Prolate Spheroidal Shell to a LongitudinalShock Wave
J C Wawa and F L DiMaggio 265
Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Marine Pipelines to Directional Wave Forces with
Random Soil Resistance
L E Borgman, R T Hudspeth, J W Leonard, M E Zimmerman, and
J H George 269
Foiced Vibrations of a Submerged Fluid Filled Elastic Shell
T-C Su 273
Vibration of Piping Systems with a Moving Medium
C W S To and V Kaladi 277
Dynamic Effects of Liquid in Liquid-Shell SystemsL T Phan and P L Gould 281
Dynamic Response of Tension Leg Platforms to Ice Forces
M Arockiasamy, A S J Swamidas P S Cheema and K Munaswamy 285
D.2 Experimental and Analytical Models of Dynamic Systems
Observed Dynamic Response ot a Single-Story Masonry House Model
G C Manos and R W Clough 289
Full-Scale Investigation of Tall Mast Vibrations
W -S Lin, B Yuan and X -Q Liu 293
Calculated Rocking Behavior of an Embedded Rigid BodyW C Dass, J -Y Liu and S -Y Kung 297
Nonlinear Damping in Nailed Wood ComponentsA Polensek 301
A Mathematical Model for Vibratory Pile DrivingD. Dicker 305
A Dynamic Balance for the Measurement of Modal Forces on Wind Tunnel Models
B. E. Lee and R. A. Evans 308
D.3 Dynamics of Structures I
Response Spectrum Method for Nonstructural Systems
R. Villaverde 312
Dynamic Decoupling of MDOF Secondary Systems
A. K. Gupta and J. M. Tembulkar 316
Fundamental Period of Vibrations of Structures
H. Adeli and J. Mohammadi 320
An Evaluation of Numerical Procedures for the Computation of Bilinear
Hysteretic ResponseJ. M. Nau and M. M. Hwang 324
Dynamic Response to High-Rise Building Subject to Wind Excitation
M. A. M. Torkamani and E. Pramono 328
Cyclic Behavior of Dynamic Response Time Histories
J. M. Pauschke and S. Krishnamurty 332
Vibration Analysis and Earthquake Response of Space Truss
Y.-A. He 336
A Direct Method for Deriving Seismic Response Spectra for Secondary Systems
L. M. Alvarez and C. A. Prato 340
D.4 Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction
Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Earth Dams
A. M. Elgamal, A. M. Abdel-Ghaffar and J. H. Prevost 344
Modal Analysis and Substructure CouplingJ. L. Tassoulas and J. M. Roesset 348
Pseudo-Three Dimensional Seismic Analysis of Soil-Foundation-Superstructure System
H. Takemiya and K. Uotani 352
Buried Pipeline in a Soil Liquefaction Environment
Y.-H. Yeh and L. R.-L. Wang 356
Seismic Response of Pile Supported Cooling Towers
B.-J. Lee and P. L. Gould 360
Dynamic Stiffness of Pile Groups—Approximate Solutions
I. S. Salinero, J. M. Roesset and J. L. Tassoulas 364
Dynamic Interaction of Twin Tunnels
T. Balendra, D. P. Thambiratnam, C. G. Koh and S.-L. Lee 368
D.5 Dynamics of Beams, Plates, and Shells
Large Amplitude Vibrations of Geometrically Imperfect, Clamped Anti-Symmetric
Angle and Cross Ply Rectangular Plates
D. Hui 372
Influence of Transverse Shear and Rotatory Inertia on Nonlinear Vibration of Hybrid
Composite Plates
K. S. Sivakumaran 376
Large Amplitude Vibrations of Geometrically Imperfect Shallow Spherical Shells
with Structural Damping
D, Hui 380
vii
Transient Vibration Analysis by the Receptance Method
R G Jacquot 384
Response of Hyperbolic Cooling Tower to Turbulent Wind
W D Lu 388
Nonlinear Vibrations of Composite Cylindrical Panels
A P Bhattacharya 392
On Vibration ol Anisotropic Laminated Beams
Z D Zhang 396
D.6 Structural Response to Impulsive Loading
Impulsive Direct Shear Failure in R/C Beams
T J Ross and H Krawmkler 400
Reliability of R/C Slabs Subjected to Blast Loads
A Longinow, J Mohammadi and P K Khan 404
Elasto-Plastic Response of Plates to Blast Load
D Z Yankelevsky 408
Parametric Studies of Shock Wave PropagationS Ginsburg 412
Evaluation of Projectile Impact on Eaith Covered Structures
D L Logan and P L Rosengren 416
Dynamic Flexure Shear Thrust Interaction in RC Slabs
T Krauthammer T J Holmquist and N Bazeos 420
Explosion Damage to Urban Structures
H S Napadensky and A Longmow 423
D.7 Dynamics of Structures II
Upthrow of Objects Due to Horizontal Impulse Excitation
I N Psychans and P C Jennings 427
Seismic Analysis of Slightly Asymmetric Structures
A A Huckelbndge, Jr and R Kannan 431
Dynamic Analysis of Buildings by Component Mode SynthesisMAM Torkamani and J T Huang 435
Input Identification from Multiple Nonlinear Vibrational ResponsesY -X Hu, J -Q Zhu and L Zhu 439
The Dynamic Response of Engineering Structures Subject to Excitation by Moving
Mass SystemsD P Murphy and A P Boresi 443
The Lateral Vibration of Bridge Under the Freight Cars
Cao Xue Qin 447
ELASTICITY
E.l Inelastic Analysis
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Waste Shipping Cask
P C Rasmusson, C M Charman and R E Nickell 451
Development of a Rate Dependent Plasticity Model
D J Bammann and G C Johnson 454
Pipe Support Concepts Using Nonlinear Methods
J L McLean and R L Cloud 458
Forced-Vibration Elasto-Plastic Analysis ot Multi-Degree-of-Freedom
Systems with DampingC Biglanan and K P Chong 462
Stress Analysis ot Elastic Pipeline and Ambient Viscoelastic Media
Q H Wang and Q -Z Mao 465
E.2 Composites in Stuictures
Composite Slab with Stud Restraint
M L Porter and L F Greimann 469
Binding and Bonding Concrete to Composite Columns
R W Furlong 473
Effect ol Boundary Conditions on Stud Connector Foices in Composite SystemsU Yuceoglu 479
Bending of Thick Rectangular Composite Plates
G Z Voyiadjis and M H Baluch 483
Sensitivity Study of Composite Cylindrical Shells
N Tolbert 487
Torsional Stiffness of Non uniform and Hollow Rigid Piers Embedded in IsotiopicElastic Media
R K N D Raiapakse and A P S Selvadurai 491
E 3 Studies in Elasticity and Continuum Theory
Elliptical Rigid Inclusions at Bi-Matenal Elastic Interlaces
APS Selvadurai 495
A Coordmate-Free Approach to the Kinematics ot Membranes
C -S Man and H Cohen 499
Investigation of a Refined Plane Elasticity TheoryH M Chou and L R Herrmann 503
Generalized Variational Principles in ElasticityW -Z Chien 507
Displacement Formulations of VBPS in 3D ElasticityH S Ho 511
Constitutive Laws of Bimodular Cross Anisotropic Materials
A M El-Laithy 515
E 4 Plates, Shells, and Arches
Analysis of Concentric Stiffened CylindersJ W Schwalbe 519
Optimum Shape for Pressure Vessel Attachments
G S Bjorkman Jr and R Richards Jr 523
Stress Analysis of Nozzles in Ellipsoidal Pressure Vessel Heads
Y J Chao and M A Sutton 527
Homogenized Model of Plate with Transverse OpeningsA Bourgeat and R fapiero 531
Hollow Conic Shell Foundation and Calculation
C -Z He 535
The Theory of Conical Shell and Its ApplicationHuang-Yih 539
Analysis of All the Elastic Support Continuous Arches by the Method ot Distribution
G-J Fang 543
Rational Calculation of Conic Shells
C ZHe .547
E.5 Problems in Elasticity and Fracture
Factional Forces Acting on a Fractured Wire in a Wire Rope
C-H Chien and G A Costello 551
Pullout of a Rigid Insert From an Elastic Medium
G K Hantos and L M Keer 555
Modelling the Hydrofracture Process as a Coupled Double Free Boundary Problem
R B Stout 559
The COD as a Fracture Criterion for Conciete
C -G Go and S E Swartz 563
On a Dynamic Mixed Boundary-Value Problem of a Rigid Body Upon A Semi-Infinite
Elastic Medium
Y C Shey 567
An Energy Method for Plate—Half-Space Interaction
M M Zaman and M 0 Farugue 571
E.6 Finite and Boundary Element Solutions
Boundary Element Method Applied to Anisotropic Half-Plane Problems
J -Q Tarn and Y -M Wang 575
Horizontal Rocking Stiffness ot Embedded FootingsM Oner and F -H T Chang 579
Analysis of a Plane Elastica with Follower Forces
R h Miller and W -B Chou 583
A Plane Stress Finite Element with In Plane Flexural Modes
F A Batla, V J Meyers and P R Reisnour 587
A Simplified Finite Element Approach lor Analysis of Folded Plate Stiuctuies
F A Batla, V J Meyers and P R Reisnour 591
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTATION
EX.1 Large Scale Testings
Failure Mechanisms of Stub Girders
M U Hosain and C Tse 595
Full Scale Shear Tests of Embedded Floor Modules
K E Fncke, W D Jones and E G Burdette 599
Full-Scale Seismic Tests on a Six-Storey Concentrically K-Braced Steel Building—
U S Japan Cooperative Research Program
H Yamanouchi, M Midonkawa, I Nishiyama and B Kato 603
Temperature Stress in a Large Concrete Foundation
R L Yuan and W F Chen 607
Full-Scale Wind and Structural Response Data
H S Norville W P Vann K C Mehta and A F Farwagi 611
EX.2 Special Experimental Problems
Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Fly-Ash Concrete
R L Yuan and W F Chen 615
The Effects of Elevated Rock Temperature on DrillingM G Karfakis 619
Impact Testing of Composite Cylindrical Shell Structures
C N Sun 623
Aerodynamic Studies of the Thousand Islands BridgeT A Fisher and P J Lons 627
Bending Mechanism for Rubber Gasketed Pipe Joints
A C Singhal and M -P Chung 631
EX.3 Experimental Techniques to Study the Effects of Blast, Shock,
and Impact on Structural Systems
Instrumented Impact Testing of Brittle Materials
V S Gopalaratnam and S P Shah 635
Measurement ol Combined Fragment Blast Impulse in the Near Field of
Cased ExplosivesH P Mehlin and W Pan 640
A High-Impulsive Short-Duration Load Geneiator
S A Kiger and T R Slawson 644
Measurements of Concrete Response at High Stresses and High Strain Rates
J K Gran C M Romander and J D Colton 648
Blast and Shock Testing of Modulat Structures
M K W Wong 652
Soil and Structural Motions from Explosive TestingT Krauthammer 656
EX.4 Concrete Experiments and Technology
Mechanics ot Sheai Failuie in Epoxy-Jointed Concrete
N Nakazawa V C Li, H Einstein 0 Buyukozturk and D Wium 659
Dynamic Compressive Testing of Concrete and Mortar
T -X Tang L E Malvern and D A Jenkins 663
Load History Effects on the Tensile Strength of Steel Fiber Reinroiced Conciete
H Y Ko V C Janoo and S Sture 667
Dynamic Shear Failures in One-Way Slabs
S A Kiger and T R Slawson 671
Structural Performance of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Component under Axial
and Eccentric Load
J F Jiang G -Z Tang and B -Q Zhao 675
EX.5 Experimental Instrumentation and Techniques
Shearography A New Engineering Measurement Tool
Y Y Hung, J D Hovanesian 680
Data Acquisition Analysis in Wind Tunnel Testing
T Stathopoulos 684
Modelling of Concrete Armout Units in a Bieakwater Environment
K R Hall, D J Turcke, G Coggins 688
Interlaminar Cracks in Laminated Beams Isodyne Assessment of Some
Analytical Solutions
J T Pindera B R Krasnowski and M J Pindera 692
FLUIDS
F.l Invited Lectures on Fluids
On the Nature of Stratified Fluid Turbulence
R R Long 696
Experiments on Internal Solitary Waves
T W Kao 700
Cavitation Research and Its Relevance in the Practice of Hydraulic EngineeringR E A Arndt 702
F 2 Water Waves
Laboraloiy Studies of Steep and Breaking Deep Watei Waves
S C Ramberg and 0 M Gnffin 712
Calculation of Watei Wave Scattering with Friction
H S Chen 716
Non Linear Plane Wave Propagation in Shoaling Shallow Watei
G Venezian 720
Random Wave Force Transformation on Sloping Beach
B Y H Chen and C Y Yang 724
Compact Spectral Representation of Surface Wave Data
J M Niedzwecki 728
Transformation of Wave SpectraM F Overton 731
F.3 Fluid-Structure Interaction
A Calculation of Hydrodynamic Pressures on Dam
M H Wang and T -K Hung 735
Hydrodynamic Effect on Circular Dam-Reservoir System Due to EarthquakesD S Kadle and A T Chwang 739
Seismic Water Pressure on Dams in Arbitrarily Shaped Reseivous
L C Huang and A T Chwang 743
Influence Matrix of Hydrodynamic Pressure
Q -X Wang Y -W Liu and M Lu 747
Liquid Sloshing in Cylindrical Tanks
M A Haroun 751
Viscous Effects on the Fluid-Structuie Interaction During EarthquakeR B Samant T Ku and V W Nee '
F 4 Buoyant and Stratified Flows
Simultaneous Velocity and Concentration Measurements in Round Vertical BuoyantJets Using Optical TechniquesP N Papanicolaou and E J List 755
Mechanics ot Inclined Dense Plumes
V Alavian and V A Tsihrmtzis 759
Laminar Axisymmetnc Starting Plume Measurements
D J Shhen 763
Wave Propagation in a Viscous Two-Layered Fluid
R Y Lai and M A Diaz 767
Small Scale Time Dependent Convection Near the Ocean Surface
R W Barbien 771
Combined Forced and Natural Convection of Heat in Side irms
T W Sturm 773
F.S T urbulent Flows
Eddy Formation and Break-up in a Turbulent Flow
B Ahlborn A Filuk and S Loewen 777
Turbulence in Flow about a Circular CylinderW Z Sadeh 781
Calculation ol Thick Boundary Layers and Wakes of Axisymmetnc Bodies
H C Chen and V C Patel 783
"Manuscript not available at time of printing
xn
Piediction ot Turbulent Separation Near a Front Stagnation RegionC J Chen S M Chang and C H Sung 787
The Mixing Length in a Plane Jet
C Y Guo 701
A Method of Low Turbulence Linear Shear Flow Production
B W Lee and F Ahmed 795
Logarithmic and Power Law Velocity Profiles
B L Sill and P Inmula 799
An Experimental Investigation of a Confined Turbulent Jet
L D Chen and C J Park 803
F 6 Channel and Pipe Flows
Mechanics of a Pneumatic Tide GaugeS C Ling and H P Pao 807
Coupled Runoff Processes A Finite Element Model
C B Burke and D D Gray 811
Curvature Effects on Fluid Flow Thiough 180° Channels
V D Murty 815
Slender Body Moving in Shallow Waters
Y Liu +
Analysis of Secondary Circulation Neai the Outer Bank in River Meander Bends
C R Thorne and S Rais *
F 7 Flow in Porous Media
Relaxation From Forced Downflow to Buoyantly Driven Upflow About a Vertical
Heat Source in a Liquid Saturated Porous Medium
D C Reda 819
Stability of Interfaces in a Porous Medium
S Y Tang and D A Krueger 823
Predicting Migration of Gioundwater Contamination
T H Wu and C S Curtis 827
Stochastic Analysis of Flows in Nonhomogeneous and Anisotropic Porous Media
0 Lafe •
F 8 Special Flows
History Effect on Stress Generating Collisions in a Granular Flow
N L Ackermann and H H Shen 831
Size Gradation and Stresses in Rapid Granular Flows
H H Shen 835
Discontinuous Tuibidity Currents and Powder Snow Avalanches
Y Fukushima and G Parker 839
Rotating Open Channel Flow Past TopographyD L Boyer F Biolley L Smathers G Chabert d Hieres and H Didelle 843
Laminar Boundary Layer Flow of a Non Newtonian Fluid on a Rotating Blade
R S R Gorla 847
On the Use of Finite Elements in Plastic Fluid Flow
V D Murty 851
On the Steady and Uniform Turbulent Flow
C G Zhang 855
^Manuscript not available at time ol punting
xiu
F.9 Fluid-Structure Interactions
Nonlinear Impulsive Force on a Vertical Cylinder
K H Wang and A T Chwang 859
Vortex Flow Around Slender Structural Members of H-Cross-Sections
M Chi and J Vossoughi 863
Turbulent Reattachment in Circular-Cylinder Flows
C Farrell 867
Prediction of Karman Vortex Behind Arbitrary Symmetnc Body
C J Chen and W S Cheng 871
Effect of Pressure Gradient on the Motion of a Sphere in an Oscillating Fluid
L W Lee 875
GENERAL TOPICS
G.l General Topics
A Further Study of Interaction Diagrams and Failure Surfaces of Structural
Concrete Member under Combined Biaxial Flexure and Axial Tension
C T Hsu C S S Sea and H P Lee 879
Inelastic Dynamic Response of Braced Tall Buildings to EarthquakesP Jayachandran and A Saffar 883
Crossing Statistics of Mast Antenna Structures
C W S To 887
Consolidation of Poroelastic Arterial Tissue
A H D Cheng R Skalak S Weinbaum and J C Y Ni 891
Factors Affecting Uniqueness and Convergence in the Determination of
Intervertebral Disc Material Properties Using the Finite Element Method
N Yoganandan, G Ray, A Sances, Ji and J Myklebust 895
Application of Stochastic Processes in Innovative Structural DesignT Atciszewski 899
Dynamics of Building Frames by Distribution Factor Method
A Y T Leung 903
Mechanics in Civil and Construction Robotics
D A Sangrey and 1 J Oppenheim 905
G.2 Beams and Thin-Walled Members
Stress Concentrations in Notched Timber Beams
S Abou-Ghaida and V K A Gopu 909
Circular Grade Beam Torsion Analysis and DesignC N MacDonald R L Pendleton and V Ramakrishnan 913
Creep of Thin-Walled Cylinder under Combined Loads
J H Lau and C K Hu 917
Thin Wall Section Properties by Graphical IntegrationM E Cnswell 921
Damage Assessment of Existing Cantilever Beams
D S Hsu and D -R Chen 925
Finite Beam on Vlazov LayerM Nassar 929
Response Spectra for Beams Due to an ImpactM R Resheidat 93T
INELASTIC BEHAVIOR
1.1 Inelastic Models tor Soils
A Bounding Surface Plasticity Model for Anisotropic ClaysA Anandarajah, Y F Dafahas and L R Herrmann 937
Stability of Large Spent Shale Embankments
N Y Chang, T-H Wu and S-S Jiang 941
Instability of Loose Saturated Sands Under Monotomc LoadingJ F Peters 945
Time-Dependent Characterization of Compacted ClayS V Ramaswamy 949
A Third-Invariant Viscoplasticity Theory for Rate-Dependent Soils
H L Schreyer and J E Bean 953
Yielding and Plastic Flow Characteristics of a Fine Grained Granular Mateual
H J Sinwardane and K H Liong 957
1.2 Inelastic Nonlinear Response and Stability of Structures
Nonlinear Behavior of Sandwich Panels
R Hussein and C F Peck, Jr 961
Nonlinear Stress Analysis of Curved Bars
J H Lau and C -K Hu 965
Stability Behavior of Uniformly Loaded Flexible Bars of Elasto-Plastic Materials
F Monasa and G Lewis 969
Experimental Determination of Post Buckling Performance of Steel Angle Columns
R P Purasinghe, W H Mueller and A L Wagnei 973
Inelastic Cyclic Bending of Thin-Walled Tubes
P K Shaw and S Kynakides 977
Full Scale Testing Program for Thm Curved Panels
T T Sokol Jr 981
I 3 Dynamic Response of Inelastic Structures
Metallic Tube Energy Dissipation SystemsJ F Carney J R Veillette and S R Reid 985
Elastic-Plastic Dynamic Analysis of Frames by Mode-Superposition and Plastic Loads
W K Ho and T H Lin 989
Finite Element Linear and Nonlinear Transient Response Analysis of Frame Structures
D Karamanhdis 993
Evaluation of Limit Seismic Factor in Anisotropic Cohesion SlopesT Sawada, S G Nomachi, W F Chen and Y Takahashi 997
Impact Analysis of Large Structural Systems Considering Local NonhneantyY L Tien S A Yeh and R H Toland 1001
Identification of Inelastic MDF SystemsM -L Wang T L Paez and F Ju 1005
1.4 Inelastic Modelling of Engineering Materials
Creep Model for Constant Stress and Constant Strain Rate
A M Fish 1009
On Creep and Relaxation of the Viscoelastic Materials
I J Emn and G W Ehrenstem 1013
Cyclic Stress-strain Model for Metals with High Stacking Fault EnergyN G Cofie and H Krawinkler 1017
xv
Bodner Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Inconel 718
F. A. Kolkailah and A. J. McPhate 1021
A Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Anisotropic Metals at High TemperatureD. N. Robinson 1025
A Strength Criterion for Grade AGOT Graphite
C. L. D. Huang, E. S. Garibay, H. A, Hackerott and S. E. Swartz 1028
An Improved Non-Linear Model for Ice
W. Szyszkowski and P. G. Glockner 1032
A Method for Solving Statically Indeterminate Structure When Rheological Propertyof Materials is Considered
Q.-H. Wang and W.-J. Ding 1036
1.5 Inelastic Behavior of Structural Elements
Plastic Collapse, Shakedown and HysteresisS. A. Guralnick, S. Singh and T. Erber 1038
Bounding-Surface Plasticity Model for Frames
S. I. Hilmy and J. F. Abel 1042
Optimal Design of Skeletal Structures under Service and Ultimate Constraints
N. Ishikawa, T. Mihara and K. Furukawa 1046
Minimum Thickness Design of Symmetric Composite Laminates
H. L. M. dos Reis 105O
Recent Extensions of Prager's Theories of Optimal Plastic Design and Optimal LayoutG. I. N. Rozvany, Y. K. Min and R. Sandler 1054
Creep Analysis of Structure—Foundation Interaction Problems
A. M. Vinogradov 1058
1.6 Fluid-Structure Interaction of Liquid Filled Systems
Effect of Baffles on Seismically Excited Tanks
S. H. Shaaban and W. A. Nash 1062
Sloshing Response of a Reactor Tank with Internals
D. C. Ma, J. Gvildys and Y. W. Chang 1065
Numerical Simulation of Liquid SloshingT.-C. Su and S.-Y. Kang 1069
Design Sensitivity Analysis of Liquid-Filled Tanks
W. K. Liu 1073
Hydrodynamic Pressures on Deformable Sloping Dams
M. A. Haroun and E. A. Abdel Hafiz 1077
Dynamic Analysis of Short-Length Gravity Dams
A. A. Rashed and W. D. Iwan 108 1
1.7 Fracture Mechanics of Inelastic Solids
Applied J-Integrals in Tensile Panels with Short Cracks
R. H. Dodds and D. T. Read 1085
Viscoplasticity in Elevated Temperature FatigueT. Nicholas and M. Bohun 1089
Fracture Properties of a Pearlitic Nodular Iron
K.-P. Jen, J. T. Scardina and D. G. Smith 1092
Comparisons of Inelastic J and J* Evaluations for the Blunt Crack and the SharpCrack Models
Y. C. Pan, A. H. Marchertas and J. M. Kennedy 1096
xvi
Viscoplastic Cyclic Effects in Crack Mechanics
R. E. Wilson and A. N. Palazotto[101
Elastic-Plastic Fracture of a Solid Cylindrical Rod Containing an ExternalCircular Crack
C. W. Woo and M. D. Kuruppu 1 105
1.8 Analysis and Synthesis of Inelastic Structures
Biaxial Moment—Curvature Characteristics for Irregular ShapedReinforced Concrete Columns
C.-T. T. HsuI 109
Deformations of HSS Beams Subjected to Cold BendingM. Seddeik and J. B. Kennedy 1113
Creep Modelling for Composite Masonry Walls
S. C. Anand and B. Dandawate 1117Elasto-Plastic Modelling of the Strength of A Rolled Section Under
Local Compression0. A. El-Nawawy 1121
Inelastic Behavior of Continuous Prestressed Steel Girders
S. I. Al-Noury, M. A. Choudhry, S. A. Ali and S. Huq 1124
Mechanical Behavior of Constrained Concrete
W.-C. Liu 1128
1.9 Numerical Methods in Inelastic AnalysisFinite Element Implementation of Viscoplastic Constitutive Relations
T. Y. Chang, J. P. Chang and S. C. Chu 1 132Finite Element Solution of Pressurized Thick Tubes
P. C. T. Chen and G. P. O'Hara 1137
Inelastic Analysis for Plate Bending in Steel ConnectionsA. R. Kukreti, T. M. Murray and M. Ghassemieh 1141
Prediction of Salt Behavior Using RHS Method
W. T. Li 1145
Equivalent Grid Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Plates
W. C. McCarthy and L. Traina 1149
Elastic-Viscoplastic Thin Shell AnalysisS. Saigal and T. Y. Yang 1153
PROBABILISTIC METHODS
PM.l Random Earthquake Excitation and Structural Response
Response of Yielding Columns to Random Base Motion
H. S. Norville and S. H. Liew 1157
Stochastic Simulation of Earthquake Motions
G. Padmanabhan and A. H. Chowdhury 1161
Dynamic Reliability Analysis for "Slip-Hysteresis" Structures with Multidegree-of-Freedom under Stationary Earthquake Excitation (Based on the Cumulative Damageand Mechanism)
W.-L. Qu, J.-P. Ou and G,-Q. Li 1165
Stochastic Model for Seismic Damage Assessment
Y. J. Park, A. H.-S. Ang and Y. K. Wen 1 168
Stochastic Seismic Response Analysis of Hysteretic MDF Structures UsingResponse Spectra
J.-R. Jiang and Q.-N. Lu 1172
Probabilistic Response of a Stiffness Degrading Model
V Sotoudeh and J J Azevedo 1176
PM.2 Stochastic Methods for Secondary Systems
Random Vibration of Cascaded Secondary Systems with Multiple SupportsD A Gaspanm and C -H T Ke 1180
The Development of Methods to Predict Both the Dynamic and Pseudo-Static
Response of Secondary Structures Subjected to Seismic Excitations
M Subudhi and P Bezler 1184
Non-Stationary Response of Secondary SystemsT Igusa and A Der Kiureghian 1188
Floor Spectra foi Nonclassically Damped Structures
M P Singh and A H Sharma 1192
PM.3 Probabilistic Modeling of Natural Hazards
Multidirectional Analysis of Extreme Wind Speed Data
E Simiu, E M Hendnckson, W A Nolan, I 01km and C H Spiegelman 1196
Some Statistical Aspects of Wind and Snow LoadingR B Corotis and B R Ellmgwood 1200
Stochastic Models and Their Use in Seismic Hazard AnalysisA S Kiremidjian and T Anagnos 1204
Stochastic Approach to Earthquake Simulation
P D Spanos and L M Vargas Loll 1208
Upgiading Existing Facilities for Tornado Hazard
J R McDonald and K C Mehta 1212
Prediction ot Extreme Events
M Gngonu 1216
PM.4 Probabilistic Uncertainty and System Analysis
Propagation of Statistical Uncertainties in Complex AnalysisF S Wong and T J Ross 1220
Probability of Fuzzy Events in Engineering Mechanics
J T P Yao 1224
Reliability Design Unsing Polynomial AppioachC S Putcha 1228
Alternative Solutions in Reliability-Based Optimum DesignD M Frangopol 1232
Risk Models for Correlated Non-Normal Variables
A Haldar and B M Ayyub 1237
PM.5 Probabilistic Analysis of Geotechnical and Other Systems
Stability of Soil Masses in Random Seismic Environment
M S Rahman 1241
Sand Compaction in Cyclic Shear—A Statistical Model
R Dobry and E Petrakis 1245
Safety of Footings on SlopesK O Harrap-Wilhams and D Grivas 1249
Influence of Material Heterogeneity on the Fracture of Cement Mortar
P C Perdikans, A Chudnovsky and M T Sharaf 1253
Stochastic Post-Failure Models of Buried Slabs
T J Ross 1257
PM.6 Reliability Analysis
Prool Load Effects on Time Dependent ReliabilityW B Hall 1261
Reliability Analyses of System and Members of Highuse Structuies under
Wind Loads
W-L Qu J -P Ou and G -Q Li 1265
Reliability of Timber Bridge Decks
A S Nowak and B Bakht 1268
Nonhneai Combinations of Load Processes
M Gngonu 1272
Modeling Structural Resistance Probability Distributions
P J Pelhcane 1276
Probabilistic Analysis of Nonlinear Load Exceedances
K C Chou 1280
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
PR.l Geotechnical Material Characterization
Plasticity Modeling of Geotechnical Materials
W F Chen and T Y Chang 1284
Roughness Cntenon for Steel Piles m Trozen Sand
M R M Alwahhab and 0 B Andersland 1288
Effect of Pore Fluid on Soil Cracking Mechanisms
H Y Fang J C Evans and 1 J Kugelman 1292
Influence of a-> on Soil Shear StrengthD H Merkle 1296
Performance of Three Soil Models for a ClayN Y Chang W-Y Sheu and T H Wu 1300
PR.2 Experimental and Analystical Modeling of Soil Behavior
B-Value Tests for Soil Specimens with Anisotiopic Stress States
P V Lade and M M Kirkgard 1304
Experimental and Analytical Modeling of Stress Induced Anisotiopy in Sand
J C Mould, S Sture and H -Y Ko 1308
Directional Shear Experiments and Stress Induced Anisotropy in Soil
A K Ontuna J S Budiman, S Sture and H Y Ko 1312
Validating Predictions of Tailing Embankment Behavior with the CentrifugeR P Rechard and H J Sutherland 1316
Centrifuge Modeling of Earth Dam OvertoppingR J Dunn, E Simanlob and H -Y Ko 1320
Centrifugal and Analytical Modeling of Excavations in Sand
R Azevedo H -Y Ko and S Stuie 1324
PR 3 Transient Response of Dry and Saturated Soils and Rocks
Shear Strength of Soils Sub|ected to a Single Rapid Loading
P C Chan 1328
Cyclic Degradation Models ot Soils
R C ChaneyandH Y Fang 1332
Static and Time Dependent Behavior of Rock Joints
B Amadei and D Israel 1336
Dynamic In Situ Material Properties Determination Expectations and Limitations
E J RmehartandW A Kitch 1341
Measurement ol Cyclic Interface ResponseE C Drumm C S Desai and M M Zaman 1345
PR.4 Creep and Thermal Effects in Concrete and Structures
Numerical Creep AnalysisC A Anderson 1349
Effect ot Progressive Fracturing on the Creep ot Concrete
Z P Bazant and J C Chern 13^3
Modeling of Concrete Response at High Temperature
P Pteitfer and A Marchertas 1357
Performance Evaluation of Precast Segmental Bridges tor Long-Term Elfects
0 Buyukozturk and D J W Wium 1361
Column Length Changes in Tall Concrete Buildings
S K Ghosh and M Fintel 1365
Time Dependent Deflections in Reinforced Concrete Beams
K-H Chu and D J Carreira 1369
Analysis ot Concrete Structures Subjected to Sustained Load and Sustained
Temperature Gradients
W H Dilger and K S Sivakumaran 1373
PR.5 Strain-Softening, Cracking, and Bond-Slip in Concrete I
Is Strain-Softening Mathematically Admissible'
Z P Bazant and T P Chang 1377
Identification of Localized Tensile Concrete Softening
N Bicanic, S Sture and S Day 1381
Composite Damage Model for Localized Fracture
K J Willam, B Hurlbut and N Bicamc 1385
Structural Aspects of Tension Softening in Concrete
D Darwm. L D Leibengood and R H Dodds 1389
Post-Cracking Characteristics ot Concrete in Uniaxial Tension
V S Gopalaratnam and S P Shah 1393
PR.6 Strain-Softening, Cracking and Bond-Slip in Concrete U
Size Effect on Fracture Process Zone in Concrete Using Notched Beam SpecimenM Wecharatana 1399
Hybrid Model for Discrete Cracks in Concrete
D J W Wium 0 Buyukozturk and V C Li 1403
Direct Measurement of Slip Between Steel and Concrete
B J Lahnert, K H Gerstle and J Houde 1407
Tension Stiffening in Reinforced Concrete Under Repeated Uniaxial Tension
P C Perdikans and H Miller 1412
Mechanism of Bond and SlipD H Jiang and S P Shah 1416
PR.7 Microcracking and Fracture
Crack Analysis tor Fractured Surfaces of Cement Paste and Mortar
D Darwin and E K. Attiogbe 1420
Microcracking ol Concrete Submitted to Premature FreezingJ Houde 1424
Fracture Mechanics of Layered Rocks
M D Kuruppu and K P Chong 1428
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Sound Emission in Fracture Mechanics
T.-C. Fan and H. Pongracz 1433
Glass Strength Evaluation Using Ring-on-Ring Tests
H. S. Norville and J. E. Minor 1437
SPECIAL SESSION
SE.l Seismic Problems and Mathematical Methods
Optimal Reference Velocities for Seismic Inversion
D. Hanson, B. B. Chang and R, Inguva 1441
Periodic Response of a Finite Viscoelastic Layered Media
A. Mohan and A. P. Boresi 1445
Elastic Waves in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium
W.-L. Chiang and Y. K. Lee 1449
Inverse Methods for Reflector ImagingN. Bleistein, J. K. Cohen and F. G. Hagin *
Apparent Dissipation Due to Small-Scale ScatteringR, Burridge and B. S. White *
Instabilities in Large Elastic Strain Problems
E. Becker *
The Fast Adaptive Composite Grid Method for Solving Differential
Boundary-Value Problems
R. Ewing, S. McCormick and J. Thomas 1453
STABILITY
5.1 Stability of Beams and Frames
Equilibrium Path Existence for a Stmt on an Elastic Foundation
P. J. Wicks 1457
Experimental Investigation of Horizontally Curved Plexiglass I-Girders
C. H. Yoo and R. W. Gipson 1461
Safety of Steel Frames Against Lateral InstabilityJ. Mohammadi and H. Adeli 1465
Torsional Effective Length Factors Perforated Post
W. R. Midgley 1469
Beam-Column Analysis of Rigid Frames
P. R. Reisnour and F. A. Batla 1472
Dynamic Stability of Beams on Elastic Foundations
B. B. Prasad 1476
5.2 Stability of Structural Members
Complementary Energy Formulations for Buckling Analysis of Circular CylindersS. Dost and B. Tabarrok 1480
Interactive Buckling in Thinwalled Structural Members
S. Sridharan and R. Benito 1484
Buckling of Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Unsymmetrical Load
S. Jerath and H. Sadid 1488
Collapse of Long, Non-Circular, Cylindrical Shells Under Pure Bending
S. C. Tang, C. C. Chu and K. S. Yeung 1492
Nonlinear Buckling Analysis of Deep Shell Panels
M. H. Jhaveri 1496
*Manuscript not available at time of printing.
xxi
Second-Order Buckling Analysis of Arches
Y.-L. Yin and X.-Y. Chen 1499
S.3 Stability of Structures
Space Structures—Their Stability, Determinancy and Prestress
H. L. M. dos Reis and B. P. Lilly 1503
Dynamic Stability of Structures Subjected to Shear Waves
S. T. Wu and C. G. Culver 1507
On the Applications of Catastrophe Theory in Engineering Mechanics
I. Hathout 1511
Effects of Joint Moments and Warping on StabilityY.-B. Yang and W. McGuire 1515
Buckling of Steel Structures: A Numerical Simulation
C. A. Castiglioni 1519
Subject Index 1533
Author Index 1541
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