volume 26 number 02 we are reread we are one and...

Volume 26 Number 02 We Are Reread WE ARE ONE And Recyclable February, 2014

February-Black History Month

Donald Thomas

—February, 2014 — Mahogany/Latin Hawaii/Sports Hawaii

Mahogany/Latin Hawaii/Sports Hawaii — February, 2014 –

Amanece. El canto de los pájaros saluda al nuevo día. Empieza la actividad en la cocina, mezclándose la fruta y el agua, la risa y la música, los huevos y el pan.

Las enfermeras y ayudantes se dedican a levantarnos, nos asean, visten y peinan. Para ser llevados al comedor.

Good Morning ! Good Morning ! Buenos Días ! mientras vamos tomando nuestro lugar alrededor de la mesa para compartir el desayuno. Algunos también intercambiamos miradas y sonrisas.

Una pequeña siesta nos prepara para las actividades de media mañana: jugando cartas,

Un Día en Casa Nostrarompecabezas, lotería y algunos ejercicios musculares .

Si es martes, un doctor nos visita y se interesa por saber como estamos, examinándonos y haciéndonos preguntas. Pero hoy no es martes.

Algunos vamos de paseo al malecón de Chapala, disfrutamos de un rico helado pues ya hace calor, la brisa que viene del lago nos refresca y le da textura y movimiento a la superficie. La gente y el bullicio nos entretienen mientras es tiempo de regresar, pues la comida nos espera.

Casi todos nos reunimos a esta hora, pues es la comida fuerte. Después del postre nos retiramos a otra siesta.

Mas tarde, nos reunimos en la sala para ver tele, unos caminan por el jardín y alrededor de la casa, otros prefieren leer o quedarse en su cuarto.

La cena se sirve poco antes de oscurecer, aunque algunos prefieren cenar en su cuarto, otros preferimos reunirnos en el comedor.

Después nos retiramos a nuestra habitación, a mi me gusta ver tele y a veces leer un poco hasta quedarme dormida.

En ocasiones me doy cuenta de las visitas de las enfermeras, en otras despierto con la llegada del nuevo día, porque sé que hay ojos que velan mi descanso.

A Day In Casa NostraBy Antonio CárdenasTranslated by Thomas L. Ramsey Dawn. The song of the birds salutes the new

day. Activity in the kitchen begins, mixing the fruit and the water, the music, the laughter, the eggs and the bread.

The nurses and assistants come to get us up and clean us up, dressing us and combing our hair. To take us to the dining room.

Good Morning! Good Morning! Buenos Dias! While we go about taking our places around the table to share breakfast. Some of us interchange glances and smiles as well.

A small nap prepares for the activities of mid-morning: playing cards, puzzles, the lottery and some physical exercises.

If it is Tuesday a doctor visits us and is interested in knowing how we are, examining us and asking us questions. But today is not Tuesday.

Some of us go for a walk along the malecon in Chapala, enjoying the good ice cream that is already beginning to melt, the breeze that comes from the lake refreshes and gives texture and movement to the surface of the water. The people and the bustling entertains while it is time to return as dinner is waiting for us.

Almost everyone returns at this time for dinner. After dinner we retire for another nap.

Later we reunite in the living room to watch television, some walk in the garden

and around the house, others prefer to read or stay in their rooms.

Supper is served a little before dark. Although some prefer supper in their rooms others prefer to return to the dining room.

After we retire to our rooms I like to watch television and at times read a little until I fall asleep.

On occasions I become aware of the visits by the nurses, others wake up at the arrival of the new day, because I know there are eyes watching over my rest.

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BUTCHER = To kill brutally.

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He is BUTCHERING the SNAKE.

Kare wa hebi o BUCHIkorso to shiteimasu.


Rustam A. BarbeeAttorney at Law

Tel: (808) 524-4406Fax: (808)524-4306

Personal Injuries and AccidentsFelony and Misdemeanor Defense

1188 Bishop St., Suite 2606Honolulu, Hawaii 96813

4 17

CHARLIE FAIR

Sales Representative

PH: (808) 524-9111FAX: (808) 524-3890

CELL: 223-7837

900 ALA MOANA BLVD.HONOLULU, HAWAII 96814PAGER: 290-7775

[email protected]

Rev. Dr. Donald Thomas

Pager: 1 (808) 345-6538 HI Commission #82-101www.newjumpswing.com

3 Time GuinnessBook of World Records holder

Non DenominationalWeddings / Counseling

Health lectures

www.HonoluluAttorney.com

Norman O. PolkMD, F.A.C.R

The Radiology Group INC

Serving Wahiawa General,Castle Medical Center, Kapiolani,

St. Francis & St. Francis West

Since 1975 621-4330

William A. HarrisonAttorney at Law

Criminal DefensePersonal Injury

841 Bishop Street • Suite 800 • Honolulu, Hawaii 96813(808) 523-7041 • [email protected]

Listed, Best Lawyers in America 2000Listed, Who’s Who in American Law

Adjunct Professor U.H. Law School • Rated AV by Martindale – HobbleKHNL News 8 Legal Commentator • Former Chair: Judicial

Selection Commission

Rustam A. BarbeeAttorney at Law

Tel: (808) 524-4406Fax: (808)524-4306

Personal Injuries and AccidentsFelony and Misdemeanor Defense

1188 Bishop St., Suite 2606Honolulu, Hawaii 96813

4 17

CHARLIE FAIR

Sales Representative

PH: (808) 524-9111FAX: (808) 524-3890

CELL: 223-7837

900 ALA MOANA BLVD.HONOLULU, HAWAII 96814PAGER: 290-7775

[email protected]

Rev. Dr. Donald Thomas

Pager: 1 (808) 345-6538 HI Commission #82-101www.newjumpswing.com

3 Time GuinnessBook of World Records holder

Non DenominationalWeddings / Counseling

Health lectures

www.HonoluluAttorney.com

Norman O. PolkMD, F.A.C.R

The Radiology Group INC

Serving Wahiawa General,Castle Medical Center, Kapiolani,

St. Francis & St. Francis West

Since 1975 621-4330

William A. HarrisonAttorney at Law

Criminal DefensePersonal Injury

841 Bishop Street • Suite 800 • Honolulu, Hawaii 96813(808) 523-7041 • [email protected]

Listed, Best Lawyers in America 2000Listed, Who’s Who in American Law

Adjunct Professor U.H. Law School • Rated AV by Martindale – HobbleKHNL News 8 Legal Commentator • Former Chair: Judicial

Selection Commission

• DUI• Labor Law

Know your history,Be Proud and

Make History!

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• Adoptions Guardianships• Military CT. Martial

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WEB SITE www.attyandrewooten.com

Rosa Parks DayFebruary 4th


by Atty. DaphneBarbee-Wooten

President H a l e m i a Jones and the Blacks in Government sponso red their annual B l a c k H i s t o r y

Poetry Contest February 17, 2014 at Aliamanu Military Reserve Community Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. The winners were:

1st Place: Danae Jones, a 6th grader at Shafter Elementary School, who read “On Imagination” by Phillis Wheatley, 2nd Place: Ayanna Allen,8th grader at Wheeler Middle School, who read “ I too sing America” by Langston Hughes and 3rd Place: Aaron Ross, 11th grader at Radford High School , who read “Million Man March” by Maya Angelou. Judges were Normia Carter, Daphne Barbee-Wooten and Bryan Briscoe. The Vice President of Phi Beta Sigma Cyrus Netter, was in attendance. Scholarships were awarded to the winners. For those interested in next years Poetry contest, contact Halemia Jones at 808-450-3619 or halemia [email protected].

Blacks in Government 2014 (BIG) Poetry Contest


A Suggestion for an Appropriate and Needed 20014 New Years Resolution. As we begin our new year, it is tra-ditional that we make great personal promises to improve our lives. I would like to suggest that this years resolu-tions began with what we will do for

others. Lets commit ourselves to not just feeling bad about those less fortunate than us but doing something tangible for them. A product of some kind should be sought and de-veloped to express our concern for those less fortunate than us. Tear down and remove those barriers that say”I made it they could have made it too” This year Lets say”i made it across and I’m reaching out my hand so that you can make it too” “You too can help someone else across” Lets create a human helping bridge of people helping people throughout our city ,state,country and the world. Cooperative efforts would enhance this process and increase the impact.

This priority does not have to inhibit our paying attention to our waistline,the scales or those bad habits we intend to break. It rather enhances the world in which we address our personal demons that some coach, trainer,relative or suc-cessful person might extend a helping hand to us so that we can achieve some positive results in our lives. It’s New Year ! Let’s try something New.

New Years Resolution

by Dr. William E. “Gene” Robertson

News You Can Use….What is a Client? What is a Customer?There is a difference between the two, so know which one you are.

In this very busy real estate market it is im-portant to make the right choices. The first choice should be your real estate agent. You need a knowledgeable agent who will work hard for you and is dedicated to do all that they can to help you find the right home, for the right price in the shortest amount of time.

It is easy in this market for agents to become over-whelmed with prospective buyers, as there are many more buyers joining the home search every day. If you use several agents, you will not have the loyalty of any one agent. This may cause you to miss out on the home of your dreams. You need an agent who not only is ex-perienced and has market knowledge, but is dedicated and committed to all of your needs.

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Mahogany’s Copublisher

Elias [email protected]

045-331-010-58-43

Dr. Tomás Eduardo Ugalde Arce

Mahogany’s Publisher ¡Feliz Navidad!

Ron Lō[email protected] USA: 1-877-645-3361

From Mexico: 376-766-0-658


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Call or email [email protected] for more details


by Pacita Cabulera Saludes

Tawen 2014 ti tapogan, nasariwawet a panag-pampanunot ti aramaten tapno matay-awan ti na-lawa a tanap a tapogan. · Masapul a w~nawanan ti serkan tapno makita ti pakaidumaanna iti na-palabas.

Ta no naliday wenno awan ti nasayaat a nara-gpat iti napalaba~ masapul a liklikan wenno dalu ~tln ti nakiru a naglasatan wenno saan a nalim-

bong a naaramidan a nangpangayed ti napalabas. Asino ti di maragsakan no nasaysayaat ti masagrap a kasasaad no iparis iti napalabas?

Naim-imnas a panagbaliw ti kalikaguman a saan ket a kas iti dati lattan a sinagsagaba. No mabalin ti kasayaatan a ma1 marag~at ti sapulen ta isu ti makuna a pagbaliwan, Panunoten ti nasayaat a pannakaragpat dagiti kalkalikagum a dipay nagun-ud ken naragpat a pagbaliwan ti biag. No ania dagiti kalkalikagum a di nagun-od ti napalabas isu ti ikalikagum a ragpaten ita a tawen.

Awan ti tao a di agkalikagum ti iyaaddang ti panagbiagna wenno ag-dama a kasasaadna. Ket awan met ti di mangikagumac maan a mangi waksi ti kinaliday wenno kinaki sang ti kasasaad kabayatan ti panaglabas dagiti aldaw.

Baro a tawen! Baro a pakinakem! Baro a kasasaad no mabalin • Ik-ablaawmi manipud ditoy DATELINE PINOY ti naragragsak a a biag ti itatapog ita a tawem.

NARAGSAK A BARO A TAWENYO AMIN!IPAKAAMMO MI MET DITOY ti pannakapili dagiti kabbarbaro nga

opisyales ti GUNGLO BAGITI MANNURAT nga ILOKANO iti Hawaii Napili ni Salvado’j\ Ubaldo JR nga isu ti President~ iti 2014-2016. Ket mabalangatan met ri maika 4.i a reyna ti GUMIL ni LETA BAYUDAN.ket ti rMrs GH ni Marlene ESQ~ritu. Kasta met dagiti reyna ti AKA da Mrs. Lydia Evengelista ti Mrs ket ni met Joanelle Luzano Misukami ti Miss. AKA

Dateline PinoyUMONA A BULAN TI TAWEN, BARO A PANANGIWANWAN TI PANAGBIAG

Salvador Ubaldo Jr., President of GUMIL Hawaii 2014-2016

Albina Gamponia, Auditor of GUMIL Hawaii 2014-2016

Froebel A. Garcia 2nd. Vice President of GUMIL Hawaii 2014-2016

Dramatista of GUMIL Hawaii in action. Salvador and Foly Cristobal iti drama written and directed by Pacita C. Saludes during FIESTA TI KAILOKUAN


Donald Thomas was born September 21, 1953, he is a native of Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York, who has lived in Hawaii since 1981. He is a graduate of Antioch University West, with a BA in liberal arts -concentration holistic health.

He is also the author of 3 books on the subjects of motivation, fitness and vegetarianism that he has used to break Guinness World Records in public speaking .

Thomas published his first book, “The Philosophy of Divine Nutrition” in 1977. This was also his doctoral thesis on the subject of Metaphysical Philosophy at the Tree of Life School, located in New York. This book also served as the outlined text of his Guinness Book World Record for the “longest sermon” - 93 consecutive hours (September 18-22, 1978).

The premise of his philosophy is that every religious text has instructions on health, longevity and nutrition and that an analysis and synthesis of this advise is the basis for his concept of Divine Nutrition.

The total PDN program is an internal martial art based upon the concepts of Jeet Kune Do, developed by the late Bruce Lee.

In addition to his Sermon record, he also holds two world records in after-dinner speaking, both of which were based upon his book on motivation, fitness and herbal sports nutrition, titled The Way of PDN- The Ultimate Vegetarian Athletic Nutrition Program(1986).He is listed in the 1986 & 87 Guinness Book for speaking on the subject “ The history of herbs in maintaining physical fitness”-19 hours and 20 minutes. And listed with picture in the 1989 Guinness Book for speaking on the subject” Vegetarian Athletic Nutrition”-32 hours and 25 minutes.

After every world record, he has given a jump rope demonstration.All three records were done in Harlem, New York

His latest book, “The New Jump Swing Healthy Aging and Athletic Nutrition Program” was developed by him as a part of his rehabilitation from respiratory disease and knee disease, as well as knee surgery.

A former Choir/Altar Boy for the First African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in Brooklyn, New York, Thomas is an ordained minister (non denominational, non sectarian) who has devoted his life to the advancement of the disenfranchised, people with disabilities, as well as at-risk youth. With this commitment to public service, he has been a Vice President of the NAACP of Hawaii, Paul Harris Fellow and board member and member of the Rotary Club of Waikiki and South Hilo as well as board President of Hawaii Disability Rights Center (HDRC) the federally designated Protection and Advocacy agency for the state of Hawaii. Currently, he is a Social Security Disability Advocate/Para Legal for the Legal Aid Society of Hawaii-Hilo as well as the returning Celebrity Chairperson for the American Heart Associations Hawaii chapter Jump Rope for Heart campaign.

President of PDN Publishing & Health Products, Inc. established in 1980 to market all workshops, written materials, audio and visual works as well as nutritional products pertaining to the PDN-New Jump Swing programs

Recognized as one of the pioneers in the fields of sports nutrition,

minority health disparities and healthy aging, Thomas is a sought after lecturer and personal health consultant internationally. He and his wife Pamela, currently live on the Big Island of Hawaii with their three dogs Ms. Frankie II, Ms. Johnnie Mae and King T’Challa, whose diet will be the subject of his next book. He can be found in the following editions of the Guinness Book of World Records and other notable publications:

2000 Millennium EditionWho’s Who in American Business

1989 with photoGuinness Book World Record for After-Dinner Speaking-32 hours and 25 minutesSubject-Vegetarian Athletic Nutrition

1986 and 1987Guinness Book World Record for After-Dinner Speaking-19 hours and 20 minutesSubject-The History of Herbs in Maintaining Physical Fitness..

1982U. S. Jaycees Outstanding Young Men of America

1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 and 1984Guinness Book World Record for the Longest Sermon-93 hoursSubject-The Philosophy of Divine Nutrition

Donald “Spiderman” Thomas

Mahogany/Latin Hawaii/Sports Hawaii — February, 2014 – Mahogany/Latin Hawaii/Sports Hawaii — February, 2014 – Page 11

The Honolulu Hawaii NAACP ‘s Annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Annual Awards Gala “Empowering People – Transforming Communities” was held on January 18, 2014 at the Honolulu Country Club.

The 2014 Honolulu Hawaii NAACP Honorees Lifetime Achievement Award for

Distinguished Service was given to Attorney André S. Wooten and Attorney Daphne E. Barbee-Wooten; Outstanding Youth Leadership Award, DeShaun Ricks and Community Partnership Award, Buffalo Soldiers Motorcycle Club of Hawaii, Inc. Special Recognition Community Service Awards for giving back to the community were given to Riya Davis, Performing Artist and Ida Peppers, Business Owner ~ Mom’s Soul Food and daughter of Art Lee, founder of the first Black Bail Bondsman company in Hawaii. The Legacy Scholarship Recipients were awarded to Torey Bowman, Sytianna Goines and Howard Covington, Sr. Fun and remembrances was had by all in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

NAACP Honolulu Hawaii Branch Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Annual Awards Gala

In attendance to present Hawaii Senate proclamations to the awardees was Senator Will Espero as well as Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard. Honolulu Hawaii Branch NAACP President Alphonso Braggs and all Board members presented the awards and scholarships. For NAACP and “The NAACP advocates for civil rights for all.”

As the nation’s oldest and largest civil rights organization, the NAACP has worked

successfully with allies of all races who believe in and stand for the principles on which the organization was founded. Throughout its history, some of America’s greatest minds have worked to effect change. From corporate partnerships to tireless volunteer labor, the NAACP has evolved to meet the challenges of the day, while remaining true to its original mission. With renewed commitment, the NAACP is ready to meet the challenges of the 21st century.

“ Still fighting for justice and equality”

by Sharon Thomas Yarbrough

Happy Birthday Karma


Honolul

u Quarte

rback Clu

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Crystal Lee Miss Hawaii 2013


Honolulu Quarterback Clubby Bob K. YoungHonolulu Quarterback

Club Life Member

Douglas E. Maxwell Visits with Chuck Comeau and Robert Young at Shriners

Beach Club

“popo” Laura Young welcomes home Grandson

Blaise Lekeke Young (age 5)Crystal Lee Miss China Town Hawaii 2013 and

Miss Hawaii 2013 with Robert Young

December 7.2013, Annual Pearl Harbor Parade in Waikiki Honoring the 1177 Men Entombed in U.S.S. Arizona in 1941.

U.S. Marine Band, Hawaii at December 7. 2013 “THank You Veterans” Parade in Waikiki.


Normally, most of the sports attention goes to UH football, women’s volleyball, and men’s basketball. There is also plenty of sports on TV. But as far as sports is concerned, do you know what the best show in town is? It is none of the above. It has something to do with the UH men’s volleyball team, but despite their victories so far over Penn State and Long Beach State, I’m not talking about the players on the court. In Honolulu, the best show in town is UH men’s volleyball assistant coach Milan Zarkovic. If you have been to a match and were close enough to see what took place on the sideline and on the bench, you know just what I mean.

The father of Warrior sophomore outside hitter Sinisa “Siki” Zarkovic, Milan was added to Charlie Wade’s staff for this season. Stan Sheriff Center may have seen nothing quite like him. The show starts before the match even begins. As the Warrior starters are introduced and come jogging out of the tunnel and reach the court in front of the vociferous home fans with the music blaring, whom should they end up high-fiving, hugging, and even chest-bumping out on the court but the fifty-one-year-old man from Serbia.

But that’s only the opening act. Once the match begins, if you’re watching only the on-court action and not the Warrior bench, you’re missing the real show and what is now the best part of being in the Stan Sheriff Center. This man with an amazing international coaching

resume can barely stay in his seat; he’s up, he’s down, he’s up again, and his time-out performances are priceless. We have never seen antics like these around here. Zarkovic is part cheerleader, part symphony conductor, part parent, part magician, and part pet-owner.

Time after time, besides managing analytical coaching charts and taking important game notes, Papa Milan will get the players at the end of the bench to start inspirational rhythmic clapping for certain UH servers as they prepare to let it fly. But some UH servers, he has determined, serve better without the clapping, and then he silences the bench players. Often the Stan Sheriff crowd takes his cue and follows suit, as if he has a magical, hypnotic effect on everyone in the building. When a game reaches key stretches, he’s up gesturing and shouting, exhorting the Warriors with genuine feeling and ardor. When things are going the home team’s way, and the music pumps from the arena speakers, there he is moving his arms like a conductor, and in a sense he is one, a maestro of the taraflex, bringing the song and emotion out of players and fans alike. Between games and during timeouts, no gesture of affection and support for the UH men goes unexploited. In a classically European way, he embraces players or accepts hugs from them; pats them on the cheek (sometimes both cheeks!) or the top of the head: puts an arm around a player’s shoulder; holds their faces in his hands; whispers instructions, inspiration,

and sometimes jokes in their ears; winks at people on the court and in the stands. At times the players are his children, sometimes his brothers, and sometimes his pets.

If the Warriors lose a point, whether it’s a missed serve, a late block, or a hitting error, we know the result not from the scoreboard but from watching Zarkovic punch the air or lean back in despair. There he is, twisting and turning in all kinds of ways, hoping to influence the outcome, putting all sorts of body English—no, body Serbian—on everything unfolding in front of him. And everything that happens registers on his expressive face, lined by the wrinkles that come from the type wisdom that is earned by coaching so many years in so many places at so many levels, including some of the highest. He is like a human barometer, and we can all look at his faces and gesticulations and we’ll see just what the barometer measures.

Coach Zarkovic is a great act, the best show in town, but as much zeal and humor as he exudes, he is no clown. He is the real thing, a trilingual wizard, having published two books on coaching volleyball and coached national teams in Belarus and Serbia, as well as professional teams in several countries. And though he isn’t French, it is a French expression, joie de vivre, that captures him best. This man loves volleyball, loves coaching, loves his players, and loves life. In turn, he will make you love UH men’s volleyball.

The Best Show in Town

Zarkovic in action on the UH sideline during UH match vs. Long Beach State.

Milan Zarkovic as head coach of the Serbian Men's Junior National Team (back row all the way on the right)


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CUANDO LA SONRISA ES LO MÁS IMPORTANTEA pesa r de que los

cánones de belleza han ido cambiando con el paso de los años, nosotros al igual que nuestros antepasados ansiamos tener unos dientes blancos por ser, a juicio de todas las personas, sinónimos de fuerza y salud, imprescindibles para

resultar atractivos.En la antigüedad los egipcios utilizaban

productos para el cuidado de los dientes ya que una dentadura sana y blanca ha simbolizado salud, limpieza y fortaleza.

De la misma manera en la China imperial, las viudas teñían sus blancos dientes de negro como signo de renuncia a la belleza.

En América, los Mayas practicaron la odontología correctora con fines cosméticos y religiosos, como demostración de buena posición social se realizaban incrustaciones de jade en los dientes y limaban sus bordes cuidadosamente.

El blanqueamiento dental es un problema antiguo y no exclusivo de la sociedad actual. Una sonrisa atractiva es importante para todas las personas. La odontología ha desarrollado técnicas que permiten resultados más estéticos y favorables. Dentro de dichas técnicas se ha hecho muy popular el blanqueamiento dental. Las personas cada día se están preocupando

más por la apariencia estética de sus dientes, esto tiene mucho que ver con el ser aceptados socialmente. El blanqueamiento dental es el tratamiento destinado a devolver a un diente su color y traslucidez, cuando éste presenta manchas o pigmentaciones que afectan la estética de la sonrisa.

Cada persona trae dispuesto por genética el color de sus dientes; en algunos individuos es más oscuro que en otros, y tienden a ser grises, naranjas, o amarillos.

Existen dos modalidades de tratamiento: en consultorio o en casa. En el primer caso el profesional es quien realiza en forma directa el tratamiento y en el segundo, el paciente se encarga del procedimiento, según las instrucciones del odontólogo. Consideraciones importantes antes de iniciar un proceso de blanqueamiento es importante ser cuidadoso, ya que existen factores que pueden causar problemas y excesiva sensibilidad en los dientes. Por este motivo debe realizarse un cuidadoso diagnóstico por parte del odontólogo.

En el diagnóstico se debe tener en cuenta:Historia clínica completa sobre antecedentes

del paciente en la que se incluyan preguntas sobre factores que puedan ocasionar cambios en el color de los dientes como antibióticos tomados por la madre durante el embarazo, drogas o enfermedades en los primeros años de vida o la excesiva ingestión de flúor.

Examen dental, ya que el blanqueamiento no puede ser realizado en pacientes con caries dentales, amalgamas o resinas muy grandes y que se encuentren desadaptadas, pacientes en los que se ha bajado el nivel de encía y se encuentran los cuellos de los dientes destapados, pacientes con encías inflamadas, sensibilidad excesiva al frío y al calor, pérdida severa de esmalte. En pacientes fumadores o mujeres embarazadas tampoco se recomienda el blanqueamiento, ni en pacientes diabéticos o menores de 16 años.

Dra. Cynthia Berny MárquezDr. Eloy Barragán FernándezCirujanos DentistasEspecialistas en EndodonciaMIEMBROS ACTIVOS DEL COLEGIO

DE ODONTOLOGOS DE LA RIBERA DE CHAPALA DEL ESTADO DE JALISCO A.C.

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Ethiopia can lay valid claim to being the oldest country in Afr ica and therefore perhaps the oldest in the world. The oldest remains of a human ancestor ever found, which have been dated as being over five million years

old, were unearthed in the Awash Valley in Ethiopia recently. This is even older that the discovery of "Lucy", a 3.2 million year old skeleton, who was unearthed in the same area in 1974.

The Greek historian Herodotus, of the fifth century BC, mentions ancient Ethiopia in his writings, while the Bible's Old Testament records the Queen of Sheba's visit to Jerusalem where "she proved Solomon with hard questions". Matters clearly went further than that because legend asserts that King Menelik - the founder of the Ethiopian Empire - was the son of the Queen and Solomon.

The Bible also recorded Taharqua, Pharaoh of Egypt and Nubia and his army repelling an assault upon Jeruselem by Asherbenapal and the Assyrian army around 700 B.C. However, Asherbenapal and the Assyrian army returned years later and invaded KMT-Egypt and sacked the ancient capital city Wa’Set, called Thebes by the Greeks and now called Luxor by the Arabs.

General Amri invaded Egypt in 641 A.D. wresting it from Roman control begun by Ceasar in 30 B.C.

Remains of the Queen of Sheba’s palace can still be seen today in Axum, in the province of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Axum is also home to many other extensive historical sites, including the home of the Ark of the Covenant, brought there from Jerusalem by Menelik.

Missionaries from Egypt and Syria reached Ethiopia in the fourth century and introduced Christianity. In the seventh century, the rise of Islam meant Ethiopia was then isolated from European Christianity. The Portuguese re-established contact with Ethiopia in the 1500s primarily to strengthen their control over the Indian Ocean and to convert Ethiopia to Roman Catholicism. A century of religious conflict followed resulting in the expulsion of all foreign missionaries in the 1630s.

This period of bitter conflict contributed to Ethiopian hostility towards foreign Christians and Europeans which persisted until the twentieth century and was a factor in Ethiopia's isolation until the middle of the nineteenth century.

Ethiopia and the Early Islamic PeriodThe rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula had

a significant impact on Aksum during the seventh and eighth centuries. By the time of the Prophet Muhammad's death (A.D. 632), the Arabian Peninsula, and thus the entire opposite shore of the Red Sea, had come under the influence of the new religion. The steady advance of the faith of Muhammad through the next century resulted in Islamic conquest of all of the former Sassanian Empire and most of the former Byzantine (Roman) dominions.

Despite the spread of Islam by conquest elsewhere, the Islamic state's relations with Aksum were not hostile at first. According to

Islamic tradition, some members of Muhammad's family and some of his early converts had taken refuge with the Aksumites during the troubled years preceding the Prophet's rise to power, and Aksum was exempted from the jihad, or holy war, as a result.

The Arabs also considered the Aksumite state to be on a par with the Islamic state, the Byzantine Empire, and China as one of the world's greatest kingdoms. Commerce between Aksum and at least some ports on the Red Sea continued, albeit on an increasingly reduced scale.

Problems between Aksum and the new Arab power, however, soon developed. The establishment of Islam in Egypt and the Levant greatly reduced Aksum's relations with the major Christian power, the Byzantine Empire. Although contact with individual Christian churches in Egypt and other lands continued, the Muslim conquests hastened the isolation of the church in Aksum.

Limited communication continued, the most significant being with the Coptic Church in Egypt, which supplied a patriarch to the Aksumites, but such contacts were insufficient to counter an ever-growing ecclesiastical isolation. Perhaps more important, Islamic expansion threatened Aksum's maritime contacts, already under siege by Sassanian Persians. Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade, formerly dominated by the Byzantine Empire, Aksum, and Persia, gradually came under the control of Muslim Arabs, who also propagated their faith through commercial activities and other contacts.

Aksum lost its maritime trade routes during and after the mid-seventh century, by which time relations with the Arabs had deteriorated to the point that Aksumite and Muslim fleets raided and skirmished in the Red Sea. This situation led eventually to the Arab occupation of

Ethiopia – A Brief History

the Dahlak Islands, probably in the early eighth century and, it appears, to an attack on Adulis and the Aksumite fleet. Later, Muslims occupied Sawakin and converted the Beja people of that region to Islam.

By the middle of the ninth century, Islam had spread to the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and the coast of East Africa, and the foundations were laid for the later extensive conversions of the local populace to Islam in these and adjacent regions. East of the central highlands, a Muslim sultanate, Ifat, was established by the beginning of the twelfth century, and some of the surrounding Cushitic peoples were gradually converted. These conversions of peoples to the south and southeast of the highlands who had previously practiced local religions were generally brought about by the proselytizing efforts of Arab merchants. This population, permanently Islamicized, thereafter contended with the Amhara-Tigray peoples for control of the Horn of Africa.

The Ethiopian–Adal war was a military conflict between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Sultanate that took place from 1529 until 1543.

Islam was introduced to the Horn of Africa early on from the Arabian peninsula, shortly after the hijra. In the late 800s, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Somali seaboard.[3]

He also mentioned that the Adal kingdom had its capital in the city,[3][4] suggesting that the Adal Sultanate with Zeila as its headquarters dates back to at least the 9th or 10th centuries. According to I.M. Lewis, the polity was governed by local dynasties consisting of Somalized Arabs or Arabized Somalis, who also ruled over the similarly-established Sultanate of Mogadishu in the Benadir region to the south.

by André Wooten

André and Daphne at Horemakhet Sphinx in Kemet Egypt


Adal's history from this founding period forth would be characterized by a succession of battles with neighbouring Abyssinia.[4]

Between 1529 and 1559, the Somali military leader Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash ("Conquest of Abyssinia"), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Sultanate of Adal.[5][6] With an army mainly composed of Somalis,[7] Al-Ghazi's forces and their Ottoman allies came close to extinguishing the ancient Ethiopian kingdom.

However, the Abyssinians managed to secure the assistance of Cristóvão da Gama's Portuguese troops and maintain their domain's autonomy. Both polities in the process exhausted their resources and manpower, which resulted in the contraction of both powers and changed regional dynamics for centuries to come. Many historians trace the origins of hostility between Somalia and Ethiopia to this war.[8] Some scholars also argue that this conflict proved, through their use on both sides, the value of firearms such as the matchlock musket, cannons and the arquebus over traditional weapons.[9]

Course of the war[edit]The Sultan of Adal and his troops battled King

Yagbea-Sion and his men during the Ethiopian–Adal war.

Portuguese colonial campaignsIn 1529, Imam Ahmad's Adal troops defeated

a larger Ethiopian contingent at the Battle of Shimbra Kure. The victory came at a heavy cost but it solidified the Somali forces' morale, providing proof that they could stand up to the sizable Ethiopian army.

The victories that gave the followers of Imam Ahmad the upper hand came in 1531. The first was at Antukyah, where cannon fire at the start of the battle panicked the Ethiopian soldiers. The second was on 28 October at Amba Sel, when troops under the Imam not only defeated but dispersed the Ethiopian army and captured items of the Imperial regalia. These victories allowed the Somalis to enter the Ethiopian highlands, where they began to sack and burn

numerous churches, including Atronsa Maryam, where the remains of several Emperors had been interred.[10] The country was looted by the Ahmad's forces, who destroyed several Christian monuments and oppressed the non-Muslim Amhara and Tigray.

Dawit II died in 1540 and his heir was captured by the forces of Imam Ahmad; the Empress was unable to react as she was besieged in the capital. In 1543, Ethiopian guerrillas were able to defeat the Somalis with the help of the Portuguese navy, which brought 400 musketeers led by Cristóvão da Gama. Although da Gama was captured in the Battle of Wofla, and later killed, in 1543 Ahmad himself was killed and his army destroyed in the Battle of Wayna Daga, with the help of surviving Portuguese musketeers.

The Ethiopian/Portuguese force consolidated their victory by ambushing and destroying a second force under one of the Imam's subordinates. This turned the war around. The surviving Somalis were forced to withdraw from Ethiopia, leaving both kingdoms severely weakened.

From the 1700s, for roughly 100 years, there was no central power in Ethiopia. This "Era of the Princes" was characterised by the turmoil caused by local rulers competing against each other. In 1869, however, Emperor Tewodros brought many of the princes together, and was a significant unifying force. He was succeeded by Emperor Yohannes, who built upon the efforts made by Tewodros, as well as beating off invasion attempts by the Dervish and the Sudanese.

Emperor Menelik II reigned from 1889 to 1913, fending off the encroachment of European powers. Italy posed the greatest threat, having begun to colonise part of what would become its future colony of Eritrea in the mid 1880s. In 1896 Ethiopia defeated Italy at the Battle of Adwa, which remains famous today as the first victory of an African nation over a colonial power.

In 1916, the Christian nobility deposed the sitting king, Lij Iyassu because of his Muslim sympathies and made his predecessor's, (King Menelik 11 1889 - 1913), daughter, Zewditu, Empress. Her cousin, Ras Tafari Makonnen (1892-1975) was appointed regent and successor to the throne.

Zewditu died in 1930, after which the regent - adopting the name Haileselassie - became Emperor. His reign was interrupted in 1936 when Italian forces briefly invaded and occupied Ethiopia. Haileselassie then appealed to the League of Nations, but that appeal fell on deaf ears and he fled to exile in the UK, where he spent five years until the Ethiopian patriotic resistance forces with the help of the British defeated the Italians and he returned to his throne. The 2500 year old 100 foot 200 ton stella of King Ezana taken by Mousolini’ troops in 1936 was returned to Aksum in 2004.

Haileselassie then until 1974 when he was deposed and a provisional council of soldiers (the Derg, meaning committee) seized power and installed a government which was socialist in name and military in style. Fifty nine members of the Royal Family and ministers and generals from the Imperial Government were summarily executed. Haile Selassie himself was strangled in the basement of his palace in August 1975.

Major Mengistu Haile Mariam assumed power as head of state and Derg chairman after having his two predecessors killed. His years in office were marked by a totalitarian style government and the country's massive militarisation financed and supplied by the Soviet Union and assisted by Cuba.

The brutality of the regime over a period of 17 years - aided by droughts and famine - hastened the Derg's collapse.

Insurrections occurred throughout Ethiopia, particularly in the northern regions of Tigray and Eritrea. In 1989, the Tigrayan People's Liberation front (TPLF) merged with the Amhara and Oromo liberation fronts (EPDM & OPDO) to form the Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). In May 1991, the EPRDF forces advanced on Addis Ababa forcing Mengistu to flee to Zimbabwe.

In 1991, the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) was set up from the EPRDF and other political parties in the country with an 87 strong Council of Representatives and a transitional constitution.

Meanwhile, in May 1991, The Eritrean People's Liberation front (EPLF), led by Isaias Afworki assumed control of Eritrea after 30 years of struggle and established a provisional government. This ran Eritrea until April 1993 when Eritreans voted for independence in a UN monitored referendum.

In Ethiopia, President Meles Zenawi and members of the TGE pledged to oversee the formation of a multi-party democracy. The election for a 548 member constituent assembly was held in June 1994. This assembly adopted the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in December 1994. Elections for the first parliament were held in 1995 and the government was installed in August of that year.

For over 3000 years Ethiopia has fought to maintain it’s independence, and even defeated temporarily, was the only African nation not colonized, though attacked on numerous occasions.

Source, Ethiopia: Historical Setting. Library of Congress Study edited by Andre’ Wooten

Ethiopia – A Brief History continued

André at Elephantine Isle


Taking Off the Tie…BERNEICEA “BEE” WORRELL wanted to offer her clients more real estate services in Hawaii’s ever changing real estate market. As an ex-perienced agent with Coldwell Banker Pacific Properties (CBPP) in the Kahala Office since 2005, she wanted to complete the circle with her real estate investors and home owners. “So often I would work with Buy-ers, looking for that special property that they could rent to someone for a few years. North, South, East, and West we would look all over this island. I help people purchase and sell island wide, so we would literally look everywhere. Once we found the perfect property, I would negoti-ate the contract; we would close the transaction; and I would send them on their way.” She added, “I wanted to offer more support, but legally I was bound.” She shared how she thought her clients deserved so much more. She went on to say, “My client should receive Premier Service, not my wa-tered down version.” She wanted to help her clients prepare the home for showings, screening potential tenants, and managing her client’s in-vestment. She also shared SHE knew what her clients wanted for their investment. SHE knew the home inside and out, because SHE helped them buy it. SHE also knew SHE was the best person for the job, but SHE would be referring them to SOMEONE else. Berneicea needed to make a change and the time was now.Being the 1st African-American woman to start a Real Estate Brokerage Firm and a Property Management Company in the state had its chal-lenges. It wasn’t because she was a minority or a woman. There was no blueprint, instead plenty of discouraging stares. Many of her Real Es-tate Associates, even those that have been in the industry over 20 years, were hanging their Broker’s License with larger firms. This was great for them, but she needed something different. She needed to offer something different or stay where she was. When she left CBPP she left the #1 company in Hawaii, with what she considers the BEST training for any experience agent new to the island or those just starting their real estate career. She was stepping out on faith and starting Hawaii Premier Homes, LLC. With the support of her community, members of the National Pan-Hellenic Council, colleagues, and her sorority (Delta Sigma Theta, Incorporated where she has been a member for over 20 Years and would not stop talking about), Berneicea “BEE” Worrell was determined to take her services and experience to another level. She was going to complete the circle and offer her Premier Clients Premier Service. SHE DID!

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