volunteer marine rescue tdm mf1007b. apply first aid bleeding. wounds. circulatory disorders. ...
TRANSCRIPT
Apply First Aid
Bleeding.
Wounds.
Circulatory Disorders.
Shock.
Coronary Disease.
Dressings & Bandages.
Session 2
Arterial: Rapid and profuse. Bright red in colour and as it as it is under pressure, usually spurts
Venous:Flows from wound at a steady rate Dark red in colour
Capillary: Gentle ooze from wound
Types of Bleeding
Control of BleedingAfter exposing apply direct pressure to the wound.
Elevate the injured area of the level of the heart
Control of Bleeding
Apply a pressure bandage using either a folded triangular bandage, or -
A roller bandage.Rest of the casualty
Control of Bleeding
Avoid Coughing, Sneezing or Talking over wounds.
Do not handle a wound unless the emergency control of bleeding is necessary.
Use Sterile or Clean dressings.
Amputations Management
First Step - the Casualty
Control Bleeding.Reassure the Casualty.
Second Step - the Severed Part.
Retrieve the severed part and place in a plastic bag. Place the bag into iced water.
Then Seek Medical Treatment
WoundsBruise (Contusion)
A bruise, or contusion, is an injury to soft tissue layers and vessels beneath the skin, causing internal bleeding.When blood and other fluids seep into the surrounding
tissues the area discolours and swells.
WoundsAbrasion
An abrasion is the most common type of open wound.It is characterised by in which has been rubbed or scraped
away. Commonly called a carpet burn or gravel rash.
WoundsIncision
An incision is a cut usually from a sharp object with smooth edges.
Incisions are commonly caused by sharp objects such as knives, scissors or broken glass.
WoundsLaceration
A laceration is like an incision but has jagged edges.Lacerations are commonly caused by sharp edged objects
that can also result when a blunt force splits the skin.It often occurs in areas where bone lies directly under the
skin.
WoundsAvulsion
An avulsion is an injury in which a portion of the skin, and sometimes other soft tissue, are partially or completely torn away.
WoundsPuncture Wound
A puncture wound results when the skin is pierced with a pointed object such as a nail, piece of glass, splinter, knife, bullet or an animal bite.
Bleeding
• Scalp
• Ear
• Nose
• Gums / Teeth
• Eye
• Palm of Hand
• Abdominal Wounds
• Penetrating Chest
• Blast Wounds
• Animal Bites
• Vaginal
• Varicose Veins
• Crush Injuries
• Bruises
Bleeding may occur from numerous places for a variety of reasons.
Some examples are listed here:
Teeth
•Check For Fractures•Replace the Knocked Out Teeth•Ensure Airway is Clear•Control Bleeding•Soak in Milk
Mouthguards Prevent Dental Injuries.
Head WoundsBleeding from the scalp.
Do Not apply pressure if Brain is visible in the wound.
Bandage the head.Apply a dressing.
Abdominal Wounds
Person is conscious:
For imbedded object or suspected internal injury:
• DO NOT remove.• NO pressure bandage• Lightly cover wound• Place person on back with head and neck raised• Knees elevated with blanket etc • Observe person for signs of shock• Seek medical aid.
All unconscious persons to be placed carefully in the lateral position.
Circulatory Disorders
• Shock.• Fainting.• Heart Disease.• Angina Pectoris.• Coronary Occlusion.• Chronic Heart Failure.• Transient Ischaemic Attack / Stroke.
When vital organs receive insufficient oxygen rich blood, they fail to function properly.
This triggers a series of responses that lead to a condition known as shock.
These responses are the body’s attempt to maintain adequate blood flow to the vital organs and thus prevent their failure.
Shock
Shock
When the body is healthy, three conditions are needed to maintain adequate blood flow.
The heart must be working well.
An adequate amount of oxygen rich blood must be circulating in the body.
The blood vessels must be intact and able to adjust blood flow.
ShockThe Effects of Shock on the Body.
When a severe injury or sudden illness affects the flow
of blood, the heart beats faster and stronger to adjust to the increased demand for
more oxygen.
With the heart beating faster breathing must also speed up
to meet the increased demands of the body for
oxygen.
Care for ShockAlways follow the emergency action principles and give the following specific care:
• Control any external bleeding as soon as possible.• Reassure the person and help them to rest comfortably.• Help the person to maintain normal body temperature.• Continue checking the ABC and level of response.• Elevate the legs slightly to assist the return of blood
flow to vital organs. Some conditions or injuries make
this inadvisable. If you are unsure of the persons
condition do not raise the legs.• Do not give the person anything to eat or drink.• Call an ambulance immediately.
FaintingSymptoms and signs
Fainting may occur with or without warning.The following symptoms and signs may occur:
• Feeling light-headed or dizzy
• Signs of shock such as pale, cool, moist skin
• Numbness or tingling in the fingers and toes
• Nausea
FaintingCare for Fainting
• If the person is responding, leave them lying flat.
• Reassure the person.• If unconscious, place the person
on their side and check the A.B.C.
• Elevate the person’s legs if possible.
• Loosen any tight clothing.• Do not give the person anything
to eat or drink.
Congestive Heart Failure(Chronic Heart Failure)
• Severe breathlessness
• Coughing or wheezing
• Noisy gurgling breath
• Swelling of feet and ankles or abdomen
• Tiredness and severe fatigue.
Symptoms and signs
Coronary Disease
Risk Factors:
• Cigarette smoking.
• High blood pressure.
• Diet high in saturated fat & cholesterol.
• Obesity.
• A lack of regular exercise.
• Heredity, age and sex.
Angina
• Help the person into a
comfortable resting
position.
• Reassure the person.
• Assist the persons with
prescribed medication.
• If symptoms continue
call an ambulance.
Care for Angina
Heart Attack
Signs and Symptoms:
•Chest pain.
•Shortness of breath.
•Pale cold and clammy
•Nausea.
•Fatigue.
•Feeling of dread.
•Sudden collapse. 000
Heart Attack
Care for Heart Attack
•Stop any activity.
•Help the person to a comfortable resting position.
•Call an ambulance.
•Assist with prescribed medication.
•Monitor vital signs.
•Be calm and reassuring.
•Be prepared to give CPR.
StrokeA Stroke is caused by the disruption of blood flow to part of the brain serious enough to damage brain tissue.Most commonly, Stroke is caused by a blood clot in the arteries that supply blood to the brain.Another common cause is from a ruptured artery.A head injury or high blood pressure etc may also cause a stroke
Stroke
Signs and Symptoms:
•One sided paralysis.
•Altered the level of
consciousness.
•Slurred or garbled speech.
•Flushed face.
•Seizures.
•Pounding pulse.
•Different sized pupils.
Dressings & Bandages
All open wounds need some type of covering to help control bleeding and
prevent infection.
These coverings are commonly referred to as dressings and bandages, of which there
are many different types.
The type you use and your method of applying it depend upon the type of injury
and materials at hand.
Dressings & Bandages
Roller Bandages are made of various materials includingCotton, Gauze, Elastic and Synthetic fibres