volvo approach to sustainable environment & mobility. sharma.pdfvolvo approach to sustainable...

Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma1 20-Jun-2012

Volvo Approach to Sustainable Environment & Mobility.

Karthik Sarma


Heavy Buses account for nearly 1% out of the 14% of transport contribution to global emissions.


Optimal Solution benefitting environment and energy use?


Hybrid Value Proposition


Greetings from some Volvo Hybrids -around the world

Göteborg

BernLeeds

Oslo

GrazLuxembourgLondon

Trondheim

CuritibaMexico City

Aarau

Copenhagen

Randers

Dortmund

Strasbourg Luzern

Dordrecht

Stade

Solothurn

Alcobendas Tampere


Volvo 7900 Hybrid - Summary• In-House Parallel Design

- 37% Lower fuel consumption**- 50% less NOx and PM**- Increased passenger capacity- Silent start and -3 dB less noise- 120 kW Electrical machine- Electric AC, Compressor, Steering Servo

- Lowest life time cost*- Very High reliability

* Including environmental cost** compared to conventional diesel vehicle


Key achievements Volvo Hybrid 7900 B5LH

* Source: CV Magazine, June’12


Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Key FeaturesQuality & Uptime

Improved fit & finish

Improved quality

Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma10 20-Jun-2012 2011 September

Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Principle IdeaBackground – Energy distribution

8%

11%

2%3%

76%

Rolling ret

Roll, acc

Drag, retDrag, acc

Rolling lossesAerodynamic lossesBrake losses reusable

Brake

Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma11 20-Jun-2012 2010-03-01

Volvo 7900 HybridProduct Design – Visual look


Volvo 7900 HybridPrinciple Design – Power and torque

• Energy-efficient diesel enginecombined with electric engine

• Can jointly or separately power thevehicle

• Diesel and electric operationcoordinated optimally for bestperformance and lowestenvironmental impact

• Electric engine used at start andacceleration up to 15 km/h. = Lownoise level at start

• Running at idle can be avoided


Volvo 7900 Parallel Hybrid - Efficiency at constant speed: 0.43 * 0.98 42% 15% lower fuel consumption than serial hybrid

~43%

~95%

~98%

~95%~81%

~43%

~98%

~95% ~95%

~95%

~81%

Serial Hybrid - Efficiency at constant speed: 0.43 * 0.95 * 0.95 *0.95*0.98 36%

Volvo 7900 HybridPrinciple Design – Serial v parallel concept


Volvo’s hybrid technology– accelerates transition to CO2-free transport

• 20-30% lower fuel consumption and emissionsof CO2

• 40-50% lower controlled emissions

• Favourable performance in various trafficenvironments

• Revolutionary for operator economy


Hybrid background – the conventional drivetrain

Advantage of conventional:- High range- Compact energy storage

Diesel EngineATM

gearbox DMotoring < 40 %

First step to improved solution:- An all electric vehicle

n

D

EnergyStorage

+ -

El.mach Gearbox

PowerElectronics

95 %

95 %

90x90 %

Drawback of conventional:- Low efficiency in city cycles, < 40 %- No regenerative braking

Hybrid Concepts


n

D

EnergyStorage

+ -

El.mach Gearbox

PowerElectronics

95 %

95 %

90x90 %

Electric Vehicle

Advantage:- High average efficiency- Regenerative braking- Packaging

D

EnergyStorage

+ -

El.mach GearboxDiesel Engine El.

mach

PowerElectronics

PowerElectronics

95 %

95 % 95 %

90x90 %

95 %

Idea to improved solution:- An ICE driven range extender -> The Series Hybrid Vehicle

Drawbacks:- Short range- Reduced payload

Hybrid Concepts

Regen

< 80%

Motoring

< 80%


Series Hybrid – principal layout

Advantage:- Long range- Freedom in packaging-Good brake recuperation

D

EnergyStorage

+ -

El.mach GearboxDiesel Engine El.

mach

PowerElectronics

PowerElectronics

Motoring < 30 %

AccelerationRegen up to 80%

Gearbox D

EnergyStorage

+ -

El.mach

Diesel Engine

PowerElectronics

Drawbacks:- Large high power energy storage - Low ICE drive efficiency at constant speed

Hybrid Concepts

Improved solution:- Connect ICE to wheels mechanically –> The Parallel Hybrid


Gearbox D

EnergyStorage

+ -

El.mach

Diesel Engine

PowerElectronics

The Parallel Hybrid – The Volvo Group Solution

Motoring > 40 %

Advantages of the parallel vehicle:- Good commonality with existing powertrain- High range- High motoring efficiency due to hybridization- Less costly, due to low complexity

Regen up to 80 %

Limitations:- Slightly lower regenerative braking capability due to lower EM rating than Series Hybrid

- Matters only at extensive stop&go- Mechanical transmission to wheels influences packaging

Hybrid Concepts


Spe

ed

Parallel hybrid – efficient in different environments

London -30% Göteborg -20%

TimeS

peed

Time


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Average Speed (km/h)

% o

f pop

ulat

ion

European Bus MarketShare of buses vs route speed over full life time -Data based on 10 000 Volvo buses.

5%

29%13% 18% 18% 15%

Serial hybrid* Parallel hybrid*

10%

20%

30%

40%

Average speed in route (km/h)0 10

0%20 30 40 50 60

* Commercial hybrid packages from supplier industry

Average speed in route (km/h)

Fuel

sav

ing

%Fl

eet %

Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Principle IdeaTransport efficiency/VLP


Volvo 7900 HybridEnvironment – Volvo development

0

20

40

60

80

100

Euro III Euro IV EEV Hybrid

0

20

40

60

80

100


0

20

40

60

80

100


Fuel consumption*

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Particulates (PM)

*Volvo development


Volvo 7900 HybridEnvironment – Environmental Facts & Figures

CO2 NOx

kms kms

Exha

ust p

ollu

tant

s

Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma23 20-Jun-2012Master presentation 2010-03-01

Volvo 7900 HybridEnvironment – Emission Legislation development

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5

Part

icul

ates

[g/

kWh]

Euro 3, 2000

Euro 2, 1996

US 02, 2002

NOx [g/kWh]US 10, 2010

Japan, 2005Euro 5, 2009 Euro 4, 2006

US 07, 2007

Volvo hybrid, 2009


Volvo 7900 HybridSystem Performance - Driveline - Live = Energized = Voltage applied

- Traction voltage = Between 60V-1000V within HEV.

- High Voltage = Levels over 1000V. Not present in HEV.

- Extra Low Voltage = Levels below 60V DC or 25V AC

- ePTO = Electrical power take-off- HEV = Hybrid electric vehicle- HJB = HEV Junction Box- MDS = Motor Drive System- PEC = Power Electronic Converter- HPCU = Hybrid Powertrain Control Unit- DC/DC = Voltage Converter- HVIL = Hazardous Voltage Interlock Loop- AMT = Automatic Manual Transmission- ESS = Energy Storage System- EM = Electric Motor- D5 = City duty 5 liter engine


Breaking Acceleration

120 kWVolvo B7L Mixed cycle

Volvo 7900 HybridVehicle Performance - Energy Distribution


Hybrid is the base for:- Economical- Simple- Efficient- Environmentally friendly

Result in: - Public transportation with high availability

Volvo 7900 Hybrid - SupplementsQuality & Uptime – Global interest for Hybrids


..

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Range possibilities for parallel technique in SORT 1 and SORT 2 like transport cycle

Range possibilities for serial hybrid technique on SORT 1 like

transport cycle

Volvo 7900 Hybrid - SupplementsProductivity – Vehicle performance


Swiss Post press release - up to 30% in überland

Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Customer references


Srl No. Parameter Specifications Life cycle

1. Electrical / Traction Storagesystem 600 V, DC 4 ½ years

2. Electrical Motor Permanent Magnet, AC motor, 3 phase, 120 kW, 400 Nmcontinuous torque, 800 Nm peak torque 12 years

3. EngineMD5, 5 liter, city duty downsized engine, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke turbocharged and intercooled in-line 4 valve, 215HP, 600 Nm

Overhaul at 500000 km / 8 years

4. DC/DC converter 600 V-24 V 12 years

LCC calculated based on total life of 12 years


THANK-YOU

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