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F R A U N H O F E R I N S T I T U T E F O R O P E N C O M M U N I C AT I O N S Y S T E M S F O K U S
INDUSTRIALINTERNET OF THINGS
The industry faces major chal lenges: Customers demand new, indiv idual , h igh qual i ty yet cost effect ive
products at ever shorter intervals . At the same t ime products have to be manufactured with dwindl ing
resources and preferably in a susta inable manner.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ACROSS THE ENTIRE VALUE CHAIN
Within the scope of the work done in the IIoT context,
Fraunhofer FOKUS ensures that “Things” communicate
intelligently with each other in production. For this, informa-
tion regarding the digital shadow or rather a virtual twin of a
physical object, are processed and exchanged via standardized
interfaces with the help of programmable, networked nodes.
While this type of communication is required in all areas of the
Industrial Internet of Things, the focus of the institute is on
factories of the future, the so called Industry 4.0.
DIGITIZATION IN PRODUCTION
Since more than 200 years, industrial production of goods
is being optimized and has already undergone three
paradigm shifts:
– Industry 1.0: Between 1750 - 1900 the first mass production
by machines was introduced and through the invention of
the steam engine; man-power was replaced by
steam-power.
– Industry 2.0: Approximately between 1900 - 1960 the
introduction of electricity rang in the next paradigm change,
on the other hand the efficiency of work was significantly
increased by the concept of assembly-line work.
– Industry 3.0: From ca. 1960 the development of modern
information and communications technologies (ICT) enabled
In order to master these requirements, research and industry
are setting on the digitization of production, in which the
physical and the virtual world merge into an Internet of
Things, services and data. In this process sensors, machines
and products are equipped with embedded, Cyber-physical
systems (CPS) i.e. with tiny computers and communication
systems, and are interconnected. The digitization of produc-
tion across the entire value chain is described as the Indus-
trial Internet of Things (IIoT). As parts of the Internet of
Things (IoT), IIoT technologies distinguish themselves in an
increased level of security, real-time capability, robustness
and scalability. Apart from real-time and mission-critical
applications in production they thereby also enable applica-
tions in the areas of facility, energy and city management as
also in transportation and logistics.
FOCUS ON INDUSTRY 4.0
To support companies in digital innovation, for more than
25 years, the Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication
Systems (FOKUS) develops vendor-neutral solutions for
information and communication technologies (ICT) of the
future. With a focus on standards-based prototypes for the
industry, the institute supports its customers and partners in
digital transformation.
“Anybody who does not concern himself with the subject of digitization, will perish”
Prof. Dr. Tobias Kollmann, Professor for E-Business and
E-Entrepreneurship at the University Duisburg-Essen
Steps in the industrial revolution
80 PERCENT OF ALL INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN GERMANY WILL HAVE DIGITIZED THEIR VALUE CHAINS BY 2020.
the automation of production with the help of programma-
ble control systems.
– Industry 4.0: In order to master the current requirements,
research and industry in the course of the fourth industrial
revolution set on the continuous digitization of production.
Machines and components are interconnected amongst
each other and across locations, exchange data continu-
ously and program each other.
The aim of the Industry 4.0 concepts is a holistic approach
taking account of the entire value chain of products in
connection with humans, objects and systems. Hence,
cross-domain standards are indispensable. International
initiatives like the “Industrial Internet Consortium” (IIC)
with the “Industrial Internet Reference Architecture” (IIRA)
and in Germany the platform Industry 4.0 with its “Refer-
ence Architecture Model Industry 4.0” (RAMI) play a
significant role. Industry 4.0 concepts for example define a
model, which more accurately describes the properties of
cyber-physical systems, in order to connect real objects of
production with the help of an “Asset Administration
Shell” (AAS) with virtual objects and processes in the form
of a digital image of the respective component. As possible
standards for implementation of these approaches, the
activities from the oneM2M-Consortium and the OPC
Foundation are being discussed.
IIOT CENTER
In order to enable medium-sized and large enterprises the
experimenting with relevant technologies and to evaluate
their value addition, Fraunhofer FOKUS has established the
“IIoT Center”. In a demonstration center, existing ICT
technologies for the Industry 4.0 are presented and if
requested explained in depth. Furthermore, in a development
and test environment interoperability, conformity and load
tests on own components can be executed. In addition,
application specific demonstrators and prototypes are
developed.
OPENIOTFOG NODE
With the OpenIoTFog framework, the center offers a concrete
implementation of these activities. As a prototype of an
“Asset Administration Shell” conforming to Industrial Internet /
Industry 4.0 standards, a significant contribution to the
implementation of Industry 4.0 concepts is made. The
middleware converts sensors and actuators into Industry 4.0
components and allows for the collection, aggregation and
the vendor-independent exchange of data. Furthermore, this
approach facilitates the control via various wired and wireless
communication paths, protocols and fieldbus systems.
Following the Fog Computing approach (microclouds close to
the asset), facilities are additionally enhanced through local
functionalities that have a high demand on data sovereignty,
real-time capability, robustness and autonomy. Examples are
distributed analysis functions for predictive maintenance and
the possibility to independently intervene in the production
process through direct communication with other
components.
Field/ Device Domain
Control Domain
Business/ Application Domain
VisualizationAnalytics
Peer-to-PeerPLC
HMI
Actuators & Sensors
Open IoT
ERP/MES
Open IoT
10%
30%50%
Logical presentation of the
OpenIoTFog-toolkit
DR.-ING. FLORIAN SCHREINER
Dr. Florian Schreiner heads the Internet of Things Transfer
Center of the Fraunhofer “Center for Digital Transformation”
and together with Dr. Alexander Willner, the “IIoT Center” at
the Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS in Berlin. At the same institute
Dr. Schreiner is the Deputy Director of the business unit
“Software-based Networks” (NGNI), where he has been
active since 2002. Dr. Schreiner studied electrical engineering
and did his doctorate in the area of cloud-based telecommu-
nication services at the Technical University Berlin. His research
focuses are machine to machine communication, Cloud, Edge
and Fog Computing and Internet of Things platforms.
Dr. Schreiner very successfully promotes the interdepartmental
and cross institutional interdisciplinary dialogue and coordi-
nates the setting up and running of various technology
centers. He also maintains diverse collaborations with both
national and international research partners.
DR.-ING. ALEXANDER WILLNER
Dr. Alexander Willner heads the “IIoT Center” at the Fraun-
hofer Institute FOKUS in Berlin together with Dr. Florian
Schreiner. At the chair for “Next Generation Networks” at the
Technical University Berlin, he additionally heads the research
group “Industrial Internet of Things” (IIoT). Together with his
group he works in the context of machine to machine
communication (M2M) and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Dr. Willner studied computer sciences at the University of
Göttingen, was a scientist at the University of Bonn and did
his doctorate at the Technical University of Berlin. His research
interests lie in the areas of distributed information systems
with a focus on the Semantic Web, Linked Open Data, Graph
of Everything, Middleware Systems, Fog Computing and
Service Oriented Architecture.
Our services
– Assessment of the Industry 4.0 maturity of a production
environment
– Consultancy in the conception and implementation of an
Industry 4.0 strategy
– Consultancy and training on existing technologies from
the Industry 4.0 context
– Licensing of the OpenIoTFog toolkit for the implementa-
tion of Industry 4.0 components
– Implementation of physical OpenIoTFog-based nodes for
the experimental evaluation in industrial environments
– Setting up and providing of development and test
environments for Industry 4.0 applications
– Development of application specific demonstrators
– Execution of interoperability, conformity and load tests
with own components
Our research priorities
– Prototypical implementation of standardized interfaces for
Industry 4.0 components based on the standards defined
by Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), the platform
Industry 4.0 and other bodies
– Design of plug and play mechanisms to support sensors,
actuators and fieldbus systems
– Support of heterogeneous wired and wireless technolo-
gies for (peer-to-peer and managed) communication
– Semantic annotation of sensor data and formal informa-
tion exchange between machines
– Proximity placement of functions for local data processing
(Edge- and Fog-Computing)
Engineering a Connected World
CONTACT
Dr.-Ing. Florian Schreiner
Director IIoT Center
Telephone +49 30 3463 7174
Fax +49 30 3463 99 7174
Dr.-Ing. Alexander Willner
Director IIoT Center
Telephone +49 30 3463 7116
Fax +49 30 3463 99 7116
Fraunhofer FOKUS
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31
10589 Berlin
www.iiot-center.org
www.openiotfog.org
mfr | 1610 (Pictures: shutterstock/ Maxim Blinkov,
shutterstock/ Natalyia Hora, Christoph Roser/ Wikipedia)