GLOSSARY

The following words and phrases are non-English terms. Non-English is here defined as any lexical item not found in Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1986), with the exception of Hawaiian words.

The language family of each word or phrase is indicated by a letter or letters in parentheses:

(C) (F) (H) (HCE) (J) (S)

Chinese Filipino Hawaiian Hawai' i Creole English Japanese Spanish

References for the definitions used in this glossary include: Jim Breen, WWWJDIC Japanese­English Dictionary Server (Monash University Site) <http://www.csse.monash.edu/au /-jwb/wwwjdic.html>; May Lee Chung; Margaret Leong Lau; and Dorothy Jim Luke, Traditions for Living, (Honolulu: Associated Chinese University Women, 1979); Koh Masuda, ed., Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, 4th ed. (Tokyo: Kenkyiisha, Ltd., 1974); Mary Pukui and Samuel Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary, rev. and exp. ed. (Honolulu: University of Hawai ' i Press, 1986); Teresita V. Ramos, Tagalog Dictionary, (Honolulu: University ofHawai'i Press, 1971); Teresita V. Ramos, Conversational Tagalog, (Honolulu: University of Hawai ' i Press, 1985); Edwin B. Williams, The Williams Spanish & English Dictionary, (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978); and Elsa P. Yap and Maria V.R. Bunye, Cebuano- Visayan Dictionary, (Honolulu: University of Hawai ' i Press, 1971).

The following definitions apply to the lexical items as they appear in the context of the transcript. An asterisk (*) indicates a definition supplied by a staff member or interviewee.

A-1

A-2

aburage (J) fried bean curd 'aka 'akai (H) the great bulrush that grows on the edge of fresh or brackish water marshes in Hawai'i · akua (H) god, goddess, spirit, ghost akule (H) big-eyed or goggle-eyed scad fish 'auwai (H) ditch, canal 'aweoweo (H) various Hawaiian species of Priacanthus red fishes, sometimes called "bigeye"

bango (J) number assigned to plantation workers as a means of accounting and identification* bento (J) lunch, box lunch bibingka (V) rice cakes Bon (J) the Buddhist All Soul's Day bugga (HCE) bugger; person; thing* bumbai (HCE) by and by; later on* buri (J) yellow-tail fi sh but-but (F) sugar candy*

chawan (J) rice bowl chee (HCE) a mild exclamation* chichidango (J) soft rice cake* chow fun (C) Chinese fried noodle and vegetable dish* chumon-tori (J) store order taker,* traveling salesman

da kine (HCE) an expression with an unidentified referent; whatchamacallit* daikon (J) Japanese radish dashi (J) broth; soup stock dinuguan (F) pork and innards cooked with blood

funa (J) a carp furo (J) bathtub, bath; public bath furoba (J) public bath; bathhouse futon (J) thick bed quilt

giri-giri (J) cowlick goma (J) sesame seed

hagama (J) broad-brimmed cooking pot for rice hala!U (H) young of the akule fish hanahana (H) reduplication of hana, work; hard work* hanai (H) foster child, adopted child; to foster or adopt Haole (H) Caucasian hapai ko (H) to carry sugarcane bundles on neck as formerly done by plantation workers heiau (H) pre-Christian place of worship, shrine hekka (J) a meat and vegetable dish higusa (J) purslane grass* hiniilea (H) small to moderate-sized, brightly colored wrasses ho hana (H) fieldwork with a hoe, weeding* hochO (J) kitchen knife; table knife; cleaver; fish knife holoholo (H) to go for a walk, ride, or sail ; to go out for pleasure honohono (H) basket grass, a creeping grass that originated in America howzit (HCE) greeting* huhii. (H) angry, offended, indignant, mad, scolding

A-3

hukilau (H) a seine, to fish with the seine; lit. , pull ropes hula (H) Hawaiian dance huli (H) turn, turn over, flip; stem of taro plant used for replanting huli huli (H) chicken cooked on a spit or grill huna (J) see Juna

kahawai (H) stream, creek, river, valley, ravine, gulch, whether wet or dry kahu (H) pastor, minister, reverend, or preacher of a church kalua (H) to bake in the underground oven kama (J) a kettle, steam cooker, a pot in which to boil rice kana (J) Japanese (syllabary) alphabet kanawan (J) to be beyond one's power; be unable kane (H) men kanji (J) Chinese characters used in Japanese writing kankoro geta (HCE) cans used as footwear by walking on them* kanten (J) agar; Japanese gelatin kapulu (H) careless, slipshod, untidy kare (J) curry kaukau (HCE) eating; food* kaukau tin (HCE) tiered lunch pail* kaze (J) cold kazunoko (J) herring roe kiawe (H) Algaroba tree kine (HCE) type of, see da kine * koa (H) largest of native forest trees (Acacia koa) koge (J) scorched koi (J) a carp kolohe (H) mischievous, naughty, prankster kame (J) rice koseki tohon (J) family register kudo (J) earthen furnace for cooking kukui (H) candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccana) kuleana (H) property, estate, jurisdiction, responsibility kuma (H) goatfish

lamalama (H) torch fishing laulau (H) packages of ti leaves or banana leaves containing pork, beef, salted fish, taro tops, baked in underground oven, steamed or broiled li hing mui (HCE) dried salted plums liliko (HCE) raking cane into piles using a tractor* limu (H) a general name for all kinds of plants living underwater (esp. seaweed) lo 'i (H) irrigated terrace, especially for taro, but also for rice; paddy lolo (H) paralyzed, numb lomi (H) fish, usually raw, worked with the fingers and mixed with onions and seasoned lomi lomi (H) masseur lU 'au (H) a Hawaiian feast, named for the taro tops usually served at one lumpia (F) meat and vegetables wrapped in an egg-flour sheet luna (H) foreman, overseer, supervisor; rub, massage, press, squeeze, crush, mash fine, knead, rub out

mahea (H) where makai (H) toward the sea; in the direction of the sea make (H) to die, perish

A-4

manini (H) reef surgeonfish in the adult stage; stingy mauka (H) toward the mountains; in the direction of the mountains medaka (J) mosquito fish* Menehune (H) legendary race of small people who worked at night, building fish ponds, roads, temples milo (H) a tree related to hau used for shade, wood, medicine, dye, oil, gum mochi (J) rice cake moloa (H) lazy musubi (J) riceball

namasu (J) raw fish and/or vegetables seasoned in vinegar nasubi (J) eggplant nishime (J) vegetables and chicken boiled in soy sauce and sugar nukumeru (J) warm up

'oama (H) young of weke or goatfish oba-chan (J) grandma obake (J) ghost obake-neko (J) goblin-cat ogo (J) seaweed* 'ohana (H) family , relative, kin group okara (J) lees or sediment of bean curd okazu (J) side dish oke (HCE) see 'okolehao* 'okolehao (H) liquor distilled from ti root in a still of the same name; later, a gin as made of rice or pineapple juice 'ono (H) delicious, tasty, savory 'o'opu (H) general name for fishes included in the families Eleotridae, Gobiidae, and Blennidae; goby 'opae (H) general name for shrimp 'opihi (H) limpet ozoni (J) rice cakes boiled with vegetables in soup

paipo (H) short, flat wooden board* pakalolo (H) marijuana pali (H) cliff, precipice, steep hill or slope palipali (H) precipitous, full of cliffs and steep hills palu (H) fish bait made of fish head or stomach, also used for chumming pau (H) finished, ended, through pau hana (H) end of work peewee (HCE) childhood game played with a peg and a stick* pepeiao (H) ear; ear-shaped Chinese cake stuffed with meat pilau (H) rot, stench, rottenness pinakbet (F) native dish of vegetables pipi kaula (H) jerked beef; beef salted and dried in the sun, broiled before eaten po'o pa'a (H) stubborn poha (H) cape gooseberry poi (H) cooked taro corms, pounded and thinned with water poke (H) to slice, cut crosswise into pieces, as fish or wood; Hawaiian dish containing diced raw fish puka (H) hole; omission* pulapula (H) seedlings, sprouts, cuttings, as of sugarcane

A-5

pupa (H) relish, appetizer, canape, hors d'oeuvre

sabe (S) understand saimin (HCE) thin, white noodle used in soup* sake (J) a Japanese liquor made from fermented rice sensei (J) a teacher; an instructor; a master; a doctor sentaku (J) laundry shamisen (J) Japanese string instrument shee (HCE) mild exclamation shi-shi (HCE) urinate* shi5gatsu (J) the New Year shi5yu (J) soy sauce sumo (J) Japanese wrestling

tako (J) octopus takuan (J) pickled radish talk story (HCE) to carry casual conversation tara (J) dried codfish tarai (J) a washtub, washbasin; tub togan (J) squash* totan (J) galvanized sheet iron roofing tsukemono (J) pickled vegetables

'ukulele (H) small guitar of Portuguese origin; stringed instrument undokai (J) sports day

wahine (H) woman, lady, female, wife, girlfriend wana (H) sea urchin warabi (J) a fernbrake; large coarse fern wen (HCE) precedes a verb and indicates past tense* won bok (C) celery cabbage

yagara (J) elongate fish* yaki udon (J) fried wheat vermicelli* yoshi (J) an adopted son-in-law or foster son

zabuton (J) a floor cushion

INDEX

A Agena, Clarence, 24 Alexander House Settlement, 61, 249, 278 Amfac, 84, 149,151,203,243,279,371 'Aweoweo, 83, 277, 297

B Bagasse, 288 Baldwin Packers, 202, 234, 235, 246, 265, 298,

380, 393, 427 Bango, 54, 116, 139,220, 233,451 Bedoya, Ben (interview), 209-44

background: childhood and family, 210-11, 212, 214, 220-25

education, 211, 240 and cockfighting, 227-30 and diving for coins, 225, 226 and hO hana, 231, 232 and palipali, 220, 231-32, 236-38 on plantation closure, 242

Bridges, Harry, 142, 145 Brooks, C.W., 128, 135 Brunozzi, Ernest, 18

c ChUmon-tori, 45, 110, 173, 175, 349 Cockfighting, 227-30, 269 Crater Village, 100, 102, 110, 112, 266, 328, 336,

345 ethnicity of, 102, 112

D Dairy, 6-7,25, 251, 255, 448 Delos Reyes, Theresa (interview), 481-508

background: childhood and family , 482-85, 484-85

education, 483, 492 as fieldworker, 496 on future of West Maui, 504,505 and husband of, 497

Depression, the (1930s ), 3

E Ethnic relations, 24, 29, 42, 102-3, 159, 212, 216,

219, 236, 259-60,282,431,473 and intermarriage, 65-66

B-1

F Farden family, 42-43, 135, 301 Filipinos, 130, 145 Fishing, 107-8, 253,254, 281, 299-300, 338,

345-46,359 Flume, 17, 39, 353,355-56,410-13,414 Food, 7, 44-45, 128, 129, 166, 297-98, 348, 381,

383, 384, 385, 398-99, 410, 421-22, 426, 446, 447, 484,490,495

chow fun , 418-19 Filipino, 103, 286 fish, 6, Ill, 495

funa, 107, 1 09, 110 koi, 108, 109-10 tilapia, 109, 110

fruit guava, 104, 114 mango, 103-6, 345, 397, 398, 400, 422 picking, 252, 253, 277, 282, 487 pohii, 399 tamarind, 399-400

Hawaiian, 286 Japanese, 284, 299 loko, 460 pepeiao and warabi, 103, 345 pork, 381, 382, 383,408, 410 poultry, 6, 129, 423,483 rabbit, 129, 382-83 tofu,404-5 vegetables, 129

Fujii, Doris Ige (interview), 375-88 background: childhood and family, 376-77,

386 education, 379

and cannery work, 380, 381 and cutting cane, 379 and picking pineapple, 379-80

Fujii, Harumi (interview), 325-72; 83 background: childhood and family, 326-27

education, 332, 344-45, 351, 366-67, 369 as carpenter, 351-52,353-54, 361-62, 363 and harvesting, 362, 363 and hO hana, 330-31 on plantation closure, 370-71 on union involvement, 357-58, 364-65 as water boy, 356-57 as welder, 364, 366

G Gardens and gardening, 5, 6, 44, 106-7, 129, 191 ,

249,253,255,283,298,347,349,383,423, 472.484

Goldblatt, Louis, 142, 143, 145

H Hall, Jack, 142 Hashimoto, Myrtle Tamura (interview), 441-68

background: childhood and family, 442-44 education, 452, 453, 459, 461-62, 463

and life during WWII, 454-57 and sewing, 459-60

Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company, 141, 156,203

Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, 200 Hayashida, Sueto (interview), 155-81

background: childhood and family, 156-59, 161, 162, 163-67

education, 157, 163, 169-71 as butcher, 175, 176 as delivery boy, 173-74 as field worker, 171-73 and living in Japan, 157-58 as luna, 172 on plantation closure, 179-80 as plumber, 177-78 and stealing, 162

Higuchi, Fred (interview), 275-90 background: childhood and family, 276, 277,

278,280,281,283 education, 276-77

and plantation work, 277, 287-88 wife of, 282-83

Higuchi, James (interview), 247-71 background: childhood and family, 248, 249-50,

253,254 education, 248, 250

and bypass road, 262-64 as dairy worker, 251, 255 as field worker, 250

Hinahara, Minoru (interview), 99-117 background: childhood and family, 100-101,

114, 115 education, 102, 113, 114

and hO hana, 115-16 as plantation worker, 101, 102, 116-17

Holidays Christmas, 169, 343, 487, 497 New Year's, 17, 24, 103, 169, 249, 257, 278,

284,285,342,385,428-30,489 Homestead, 264, 472

B-2

Hussey, Edward (interview), 471-77 background: childhood and family, 472

education, 472, 473, 474 and downsizing, 476 and Franciscan nuns, 473 as supervisor, 474-75

'lao Stream flood (1916), 36-37 International Longshoremen's and

Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), 21-23,42, 84, 90, 142, 144, 145, 277, 295, 354, 365, 366

Iwamoto Flower Shop, 106

J Japanese-language school, 9-10, 51-52, 90, 113-

14, 169-70, 255, 270, 302, 303, 344, 453-54 during WWII, 249, 316

JMB Hawai'i, 149-50

K Ka 'anapali Landing, 294, 296 Kadotani, Sam S. (interview), 293-321

background: childhood and family, 294, 295-97 education, 294, 296, 301-2, 303, 304

and Boy Scouts, 295, 304, 305-6, 307-8, 315 and bypass road, 309-11, 312, 313 and the family fish market, 294, 315 and selling fish, 319-20 wife of, 306-7

Kahului Railroad Company, 38, 49 Kapunakea Village, 161 Kaulukukui, Joe, 76-77 Keawe Camp, 159, 160, 161,326, 329, 340, 362,

378, 379, 380 community bathhouse at, 167-68, 334, 335-36 ethnicity of, 160, 162, 329, 332 housing at, 164, 332-34, 355, 362, 363 toilet facilities at, 168-69, 334, 335, 355

Kelawea Camp, 3, 4 community bathhouse at, 3-4, 127, 132 ethnicity of, 4 housing at, 124, 127 toilet facilities at, 3-4, 124-26, 127

Kimura, Amy Kiyota (interview), 391-437 background: childhood and family, 392-93,

405-7 education, 392, 433

King Kamehameha III School teachers at, 51 , 135

Kiyota, Allen (interview), 391, 393-437

background: childhood and family, 397-98, 405-7

education, 397 Kiyota, Trudy (interview), 391 , 395-437

background: childhood and family, 400-401 , 405-7

education, 401 , 434 Kuboyama, Kazukiyo "Jiggs" (interview), 1-32

background: childhood and family, 2, 3, 5, 7-8, 9

education, 6, 9, 11-12, 18, 28, 29-30 as carpenter, 12, 18, 26-28 and judo, 9-10 on picking kiawe beans, 13, 25 as tray boy, 14 as 'ukulele maker, 24-25 , 30-31 on unionization, 21 as welder, 25-26

Kuhua Camp, 4, 160, 211-12, 213, 215-16, 392, 393, 415

community bathhouse at, 216-18, 394-95, 425 ethnicity of, 130, 216 toilet facilities at, 395-97, 403-4

Kula Sanatorium, 37, 501

L Lahaina

future of, 92, 93, 94, 150-51 , 203, 241-42, 285, 311,316-18, 371,435

Hawaiian families in, 42 and tourism, 309, 314, 318, 435

Lahaina Ice Company, 127-28, 284, 326, 448-49 Lahaina J6d6 Mission, 101 Lahaina Methodist Church, 169-70, 344,457-58 Lahaina Pump Camp. See Waine 'e Camp Lahaina Store, 128, 173, 175, 176, 242,299, 423,

448 closing of, 176, 179

Lee, Bobby, 278 Len' s Sweet Shop, 429 Lingle, Linda, 310 Luna, 186,188-89, 190, 193, 194, 198, 232,233,

237,474 and relationship with workers, 192

Lunaville, 113, 186, 189, 190 ethnicity of, 190 housing at, 189, 190

M McConkey, J.R., 444, 452, 455, 456 McElrath, Bob, 365 Mala Village, 377-78

B-3

Mala Wharf, 215, 314, 315,316, 327, 338,407 Masuda Grocery, 44 Maui County Fair, 19, 67, 111 , 133, 249 Maui Electric Company, 131 , 147 Mill Camp. See Kuhua Camp Miyagi, Newton, 143 Moir, Gertrude, 23 , 431 Moir, John, T, Jr., 27 Mo 'okini, Samuel, 13 5

N Nagasako Store, 45, 110, 145, 348, 349, 447, 459 Nakagawa Store, 226 Nelson, Mike, 83 , 85

0 'Okolehao, 285-86 Olowalu Camp, 173 Olowalu Sugar Company Plantation, 55, 188

p Picture bride, 42, 100, 115, 443 Pigs

raising of, 220-21, 347-48,407-9 Pioneer Mill Company

and closing of, 150, 476 and departments at, 475 and equipment and machinery, 81-82

centrifugal machine, 79, 80, 87 cullender, 81-82, 88, 89-90 Fordson, 352, 362 steam plow, 57 , 58-59 vacuum pump, 80, 89 water pump, 59, 160

and health care, 20-21 , 144 and housing, 48-49, 144, 362, 445-46. See also

individual camp names, housing at and jobs, 5, 55, 79, 80, 81, 87, 250, 294,496

auto mechanic, 122 blacksmith, 162-63, 326, 327, 328 boiler room worker, 146-47 bookkeeper, 186 brakeman, 287 carpenter, 13, 26-28, 38, 351-52, 353-54,

361-63 crane operator, 138, 139, 140 delivery boy, 173-74 ditchman, l 01 , 109 electrician, 443-44, 455 engineer, 89 hapai ko, 55-56 haul cane driver, 287

h6 hana, 115, 193, 231, 232, 330-31 irrigation superintendent, 301 irrigator, 186, 187 lele ko, 137, 138 oiler, 80 palipali, 220, 231-32, 236-38 plumber, 161 , 177, 178 pump attendant, 161 rodman, 53-54 spray gang worker, 172-73 steam plow operator, 57-59 utility gang worker, 25 water boy, 356-57 water luna, 186, 188-89, 190 welder, 25-26, 364

mechanization of, 101-2, 109 and smokestack, 95, 152, 180, 204-5, 242, 243,

371,436-37 and wages, 13-14, 15, 22, 26, 54, 79, 101-2,

109,139,140,144,186-87, 194, 219,220, 231,232-33,331,363, 496

Pioneer Mill Company camps names of, 211-12, 213, 259, 264, 265-67, 319,

320-21 Pioneer Mill Credit Union, 255-56, 259, 367-70 Pioneer Mill Hospital, 186,210, 248, 260, 276,

295,316,391,397, 472 Political campaigns and voting, 21, 143 Pu 'ukoli 'i Camp, 248, 254, 265, 266, 276, 282,

285,286,319,320,488,489 community bathhouse at, 249, 268-69, 284 ethnicity of, 260, 276,488-49 housing at, 250, 253, 278 restaurant at, 248, 269 theater at, 268, 498-99 water at, 288

Pu 'ukoli 'i School, 248, 253, 276, 282

R Recreation, 19, 22, 24, 42, 102, 131 , 133, 303,

378,449-50, 487 dances, 64,218-19,487 lamalama, 111-12,339 movies, 133-34, 161-62, 218, 226, 343, 415,

417 riding in flumes, 17, 411-13, 414 socializing, 24 sports, 7-8,49-50, 110-11, 161, 190-91, 212,

213,214-15,248-49,252,278,282,303, 306,337,338,339-40,472-73,486

baseball, 171 boxing, 131, 254, 278

B-4

football, 131, 132 paddle tennis , 61-63, 64

surfing, 338-39 sumo wrestling, 131,249 swimming, 16-17,225,277,407 toys and games, 8, 254,277-78, 303, 346-47,

401-3, 449 Red Hill Underground Fuel Storage Facility, 73-

75 Rickard, Donald (interview), 121-52; 83

background: childhood and family, 122-24, 131-32

education, 123, 134-36, 137 and boiler room work, 146-48, 149 as crane operator, 137, 140, 141 and shining shoes, 130-31 as ticket luna, 137-38, 139, 141 and union involvement, 142, 143, 144, 146,

148-49 Russo-Japanese War, 40-41

s Sharpe, Emma, 133, 301, 392 Sodetani, Susumu "Peanut" (interview), 35-96;

143 background: childhood and family, 36-43, 44,

52,53 education, 40, 50-52

and boiler house maintenance crew, 81-82, 87-90 and hiipai ko, 55-56 on intermarriage, 65-66 on plantation closure, 92 and Red Hill, 54, 69, 71 , 73-75, 78, 82 as rodman, 53-54 as steam plow operator, 57-59 and wife of, 63-64, 65

Spanish flu epidemic, 37 Strike (1937), 55, 56

and scabs, 56 Strike (1946), 4, 21 , 22-23, 56, 82-86, 141, 143,

145, 219, 234,277,337, 357-58,361,450-51,452

and changes after, 144,219 and scabs, 450, 451,461 and soup kitchens, 82-83, 141-42, 219,277,

451 and violence, 83, 84, 85, 141

Strike (1958), 145, 358-59, 361 and scabs, 361 and soup kitchen, 145, 146, 358, 359-61

Sugar grades of, 79-80

T Tabata Store, 163 Tavares, Hannibal, 192-93 Theaters, 9, 268, 343, 417

u 'Ukulele , 24-25, 30

v Vierra, Anthony (interview), 185-205; 83

background: childhood and family, 186, 187, 188, 190

education, 195 and h6 hana, 193 as luna, 194 on plantation closure, 202-3 as truck driver, 197, 199, 201-2 and working at Pearl Harbor, 195, 196

Vierra, Joe, 187-88, 189

w Waine 'e Camp, 46, 48, 49, 160, 189, 190, 191 ,

213 ethnicity of, 50 housing at, 190

West Maui Athletic Association, 22, 270, 337, 342, 360

World War II, 5, 75, 77, 132, 315-16, 418, 446,

y

454, 455 blackout during, 13, 270, 315 bomb shelter, 315-16 internment of Japanese during, 10, 15, 270, 454 interrogation of Japanese during, 75-76, 454 military in Lahaina during, 227 rations during, 14, 270, 456-57 and savings bonds, 462, 468

Yagi, Thomas, 142, 148 Yamamoto Store, 225, 226 Yamauchi, Masato "Mac," 67, 143, 354 Yet Lung Store, 197 Yonamine, Wally, 214 Yoshino, Nobu, 213, 218, 219

B-5

PIONEER MILL COMPANY: A Maui Sugar Plantation Legacy

Center for Oral History Social Science Research Institute

University of Hawai'i at Manoa

December 2003