vulnerability and adaptation of disaster victims, dzul khaimi bin khailani, ministry of urban...
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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO LAND USE PLANNING –
DISASTER VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE
NURTURING LOCAL LEADERSHIP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
7-14 AUGUST 2016
byDR. DZUL KHAIMI BIN KHAILANI
Senior Assistant Principal Director Research & Development Division
Federal Department Town & Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia
MINISTRY OF URBAN WELL BEING, HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERMENT
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
LAND USE PLANNING UNDER POST-HFA AND SENDAI FRAMEWORK ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (SFDRR)
LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE
INCORPORATION OF DRR & CCA INTO LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM
(GHG)
Industrial
Drought
Famine
Flood
Human Activities
Climate Features
Major Threats
Deforestation
CH4N2O Sea
Level Rise
Adaptation from UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Climate Change: Processes and Threats, 2005.
DISASTER
Melting of Ice
Cloud
Global Warming
UpheavelOf Ocean
Circulation
Precipitation
Interference Carbon Cycle
LanduseChange
Urbanisation
Burning ofFossil Fuel
Transport
AgricultureHeat
Destruction of Biodiversity
Change in Life
Style
Threat to Economy
Typhoon
Outbreak of Desease
Loss of Lives
CO2
CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE vsvs LAND USE PLANNING LAND USE PLANNING vsvs DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE vsvs LAND USE PLANNING LAND USE PLANNING vsvs DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT
managing flood risk while promoting regeneration.
increased flooding and landslip have implications for what particular land can be used for in the future.
areas which are vulnerable to floods, may become unsuitable for residential but may suitable for other uses.
coastal floods and erosion - impact on the locations for future business, industrial developments, increase demand for flood defences location of new key infrastructure.
the impacts on land and soils - implications for biodiversity, cultural heritage sites.
Post Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) - 2015
Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction 2030 (SFDRR)
Development Agenda - Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
COP 21 - 45% reduction
MALAYSIA COMMITMENTS AT MALAYSIA COMMITMENTS AT GLOBAL LEVELGLOBAL LEVEL
• 2005 to 2015 [700,000 people lost their lives, 1.4 million injured, 23 million homeless, 1.5 billion affected. Economic loss: 1.3 trillion USD]
• Acknowledgement to HFA and its achievements
• More small scale disasters and slow onset disasters
• People centred preventive approach
• Focus on urban planning and urban development in achieving resilience
• Need to link to SDGs, climate change framework
• SFDRR - Role of Science and Technology in EWS, preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
CONTEXT : POST HFACONTEXT : POST HFA
1.Reduce global disaster mortality
2.Reduce number of affected people
3.Reduce direct disaster economic loss
4.Reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructures
5.Increase number of countries with DRR strategies
6.Enhance international cooperation
7.Increase access to multi hazard EWS, risk information and assessment
SFDRR: SEVEN GLOBAL SFDRR: SEVEN GLOBAL TARGETSTARGETS
1. Understanding disaster risk
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance
3. Investing in risk reduction
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for collective response, and to “build back better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
SFDRR: FOUR PRIORITY FOR SFDRR: FOUR PRIORITY FOR ACTIONSACTIONS
LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLANNING COUNCIL (NPPC)
REGIONAL PLANNING COMMITTEE(RPC)
STATE PLANNING COMMITTEE(SPC)
ONE-STOP CENTER (OSC) MEETING
National Level
State Level
Local Level
Chaired by Prime Minister
Chaired by Chief Minister
Chaired by Chief Council
Regional Level
Chairman pointed by Prime Minister
DEVELOPMENT PLAN SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN (NPP)NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN (NPP)
STATE STRUCTURE PLAN STATE STRUCTURE PLAN
LOCAL PLANLOCAL PLAN
SPECIAL AREA PLANSPECIAL AREA PLAN
National National LevelLevel
State State LevelLevel
Local Local LevelLevel
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VISION 2020
LEVEL 1 : NATIONAL PLANNING
NATIONALPHYSICAL
PLAN
LEVEL 2 : REGIONAL / STATE PLANNING
LEVEL 3 : LOCAL PLANNING
5 - YEARMALAYSIA PLAN
SPECIAL AREAPLAN
SECTORALPOLICIES/
PLANS
LOCALPLAN
REGIONAL / STRUCTURE PLAN
STATE/ REGIONALDEVELOPMENT
PLAN
SECTORAL POLICIES/
PLANS
Town & Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172)•Sec. 6B – Preparation of NPP•Sec. 6B(4) – Review of NPP every 5 yearsPlan Area•NPP confined to Peninsular MalaysiaPlan Period•10 year timescale up to 2020
Functions of NPP
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NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLANNATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN
The Establishment Of An Efficient, Equitable And Sustainable National Spatial Framework To Guide The Overall Development Of The Country Towards Achieving Developed And High-income Nation Status By 2020. Safeguard and managed sustainably all surface and
ground water resources. Apply sustainable forest management. Water resources management based on IWRM, IRBM
and ICZM. CFS as the backbone of the ESA network; ESA will be integrated in the planning and management
of land use and natural resources. Future settlements and infrastructure in coastal zones
will be located away vulnerable to rising sea levels/storm surges
Natural barriers, esp. mangroves, forests and peat lands shall be protected and expanded and further conversion of will no longer be allowed.
NATIONAL URBANISATION POLICY ( NUP )
A written policy which outlined the thrusts, strategies and steps to guide, manage and monitor more efficient and systematic town planning and developments,
The aim of NUP is to create visionable cities with liveable environment through sustainable urban development.
Approved by:
•Cabinet Meeting on 2 August 2006•NPPC on 8 August 2006
STATE STRUCTURE PLANSTATE STRUCTURE PLAN
• Functions
• Translate policies of the National Physical Plan; • Provide framework for Local Plan;• Identify main land uses at the state level; and• Identify main state projects
LOCAL PLANLOCAL PLAN• Functions
Translate the policies of State Structure Plan
As a physical development guide for the respective district through the proposed land use plan
Identify main projects of the district
Preparation of Implementation Guidelines to guide implementation
Aided with Subject Plans for sectoral development implementation
SPECIAL AREA PLANSPECIAL AREA PLAN A detailed development plan
prepared within a short period of time for implementation and management
The main output : Development Action Plan in the form of layout plan and complemented by management plan, development phasing, cost, implementing agency and implementation approach
5 main categories :
Redevelopment of areas within urban centres
Heritage Conservation Areas Environmental Sensitive Areas Resettlement of Communities Special Area For Specific Needs
DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL REPORTDEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL REPORT DPR to be submitted for any proposed development -
for planning permission to LPA (under Sec. 21A (1) Act 172)
Content : Development concept & justifications Site plan, land ownership, Land use analysis Physical condition – topography, geology, drainage Traffic & transportation, Economy & infrastructure Public & Social amenities Preservation & conservation of trees & buildings Impact Assessment – SIA, TIA, EIA
This enables the planning authority to make development control decisions to protect the environment.
INCORPORATING DRR & CCA INTO
LANDUSE PLANNING SYSTEM
DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE
Adaptation – “as a process of adjustment that take place in natural and human systems in response to the actual or expected impacts of climate change, aimed at moderating harm or exploiting beneficial opportunities”
Vulnerability – “as a characteristics of individual or a group of people who in a given natural, social, and economic space are exposed to danger or harm originating from a hazard”.
Resilience – “is the capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazard to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning or structure”.
DRR & CCA in Malaysia 1997 – Directive No. 20 on "Policy & Mechanism on National Disaster
& Relief Management“ guidance for management according to the level and complexity of a disaster.
2005 – Hyogo Framework for Action, UNISDR 2005 National Security Council – National Focal Point
2008 – Third Asian Ministerial Conference on DRR in Kuala Lumpur, 2-4 Dec 2008, MKN/UNISDR called for the promotion of CCA wherever appropriate.
2009 – National Policy on Climate Change approved by the Cabinet of Malaysia
2010 – Inaugural Meeting of the Green Technology and Climate Change Council, chaired by Prime Minister of Malaysia
2011 – Hari Kesedaran Bencana 2011, 18-19 Feb 2011 Melaka Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction in Malaysia 2011
2012-14 – Malaysia Platform and Action Plan on DRR (MyDRR) consultation
2015 – Sendai Framework for DRR National Disaster Management Agency (NaDMA) – National Focal Point
CCA & DRR IN THE MELAKA DECLARATION
Recognising the changing nature of disaster risk in the country due to climate variability and climate change
To promote the use of technology in support of early warning, multi-hazards risk assessment, and climate modelling and downscaling.
To strengthen local capacity to integrate climate and disaster risk into local development planning
RECOMMENDED APPROACH FOR MALAYSIA: LOCAL LEVEL SPATIALLY
CONTEXTUALISED AND COLLABORATIVE
Monitoring and Review
Defined area (Coastal, river basin, cities, towns, etc.)
Climatevariability and change
Identification of susceptible, exposed and vulnerable zones
Federal Agencies
State Agencies
Local Authorities
Stakeholders
Monitoring and Review
Location Specific Disaster Resilience
Plans
• Urban Environmental Plan (hazard map, vulnerability map, environmental sensitive areas map): a tool to address environmental issues in a systematic manner within an urban domain to achieve desirable environmental condition.
• Land Use Plan (National Physical Plan, State Structure Plan, Local Plan, Special Area Plan): a tool to address appropriate allocation and designation of the use of land to achieve efficient use of limited land.
• Both UEP and LUP are tools for proactive actions
COMMON PLANNING TOOLS CAN BE USED COMMON PLANNING TOOLS CAN BE USED FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY
AND RESILIENCEAND RESILIENCE
Natural Hazards
Primary Phenomena/Effects
Secondary Phenomena/Effects
Flood Flooding Water Pollution, landslide, erosion
Tsunami Huge wave and flooding Water Pollution, landslide, erosion
Earthquake Violent ground motion, fault, rupture
Soil liquefaction, fire, flood, landslide, tsunami, water pollution
Volcano Lava flow, pyroclastic flow, ash fall, gases
Fire, air pollution, tsunami, lava flows, water pollution, ground subsidence
Cyclone Strong winds, heavy rains
Flood and sea surge, land slide, water pollution
Landslide Ground failure Flooding via river damming, water pollution, debris flow
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFECTS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERS
Guide the development of an urban area in order to minimize impacts of disasters due to primary and secondary effects of hazards, with respect to environmental viewpoints, by integrating available sources such as regulation, ordinance, information, and guidelines into City zoning ordinances, Building codes, Environmental Assessment Documents and development standard and specifications.
UEP does not prevent disasters rather it helps to reduce impacts and minimizes losses through adjustment to disaster risks.
URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR DISASTER URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND
RESILIENCERESILIENCE
Guide the use of limited land in compliance with disaster risks through planning control
Similar with UEP, LUP does not prevent disasters rather than human efforts to adjust with disaster hazards and risks.
LAND USE PLAN FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION, LAND USE PLAN FOR DISASTER ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCEVULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE
Identify potential hazards; by employing hydrological maps, seismic maps, local rainfall and flood level records
Identify elements at risk; combining the magnitude, frequency, significance and acceptability of hazards
Identify vulnerabilities; exploring to what extent the area is vulnerable to disasters
Identify potential mitigation measures; select the most appropriate measures.
IDENTIFICATION OF ADAPTATION IDENTIFICATION OF ADAPTATION MEASURESMEASURES
Type of Hazards
Principal Vulnerable Elements
Role of UEP(over the land)
Role of LUP(mostly land)
Floods Everything located in flood plains or tsunami areas. Crops, livestock, machinery, equipment, infrastructure, weak building
Develop flood risk maps
Guide development toward flood-proof communities
Prevent the use of flood vulnerable area for permanent activities
Enforce appropriate flood plain management
Earth-quake
Weak buildings and infrastructures
Develop hazard maps
Enforce building codes
Reinforce weak buildings
Limit the use of land for earthquake-resistant building only
Strong Winds
Lightweight buildings and roofs
Reinforce weak buildings and roofs
NA
EXAMPLES OF ROLES OF UEP AND LUP IN EXAMPLES OF ROLES OF UEP AND LUP IN DISASTER ADAPTATION STRATEGIESDISASTER ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
Advocacy planning; all stakeholders are encouraged to comply with the plan
Guidance and control of urban development; urban development is devised by hazards map and vulnerability map and zoning
Relocation of settlements; relocation is strongly demanded for highly disaster vulnerable area
New types of town; introduces ‘disaster-resilience’ city.
DEVELOPMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL DEVELOPMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ADAPTATIONSTRATEGIES FOR ADAPTATION
PROPOSED HAZARD RISK PROPOSED HAZARD RISK STUDY IN DEVELOPMENT PLANSSTUDY IN DEVELOPMENT PLANS
National Physical
Plan
State Structure Plan
Local Plan
Special Area Plan
Planning Permission(Devt Proposal Report)
General Hazard Risk Plan
List the locations & Incidences of Hazard
Areas
Strategic Hazard Risk Plan
Hazard Risk Assessment
Identify Main River Basins that need Flood Mitigation
Study
Hazard Risk Areas Zoning Map
Hazard Risk Areas Zoning Map by Rank
Present Planning Proses/PracticeProposal to incorporate related hazard risk aspects
Flood-proof buildings are allowed to be built here
No buildings are allowed in this areaFlood-proof buildings for non-permanent activities are allowed here
THE LAND USE PLANNING ASSESSMENT THE LAND USE PLANNING ASSESSMENT FOR RISK AREAS (LUPAr) PROGRAMFOR RISK AREAS (LUPAr) PROGRAMAimed to translate the thrust of Hyogo
Declaration 2005 & SDG into land use planning mechanism through R&D activities & formulation of policies & general land use planning guidelines.
provide research inputs in the formulation of land use planning policies & guidelines for hazard risk areas.
main components include:• capacity building• Research and pilot studies• Awareness Program and Community Involvement • Expert Committee (LUPAr)
• The public’s input is important in ensuring plans prepared truly address local issues and meet the needs of the local people
• Allows for public involvement at an early stage
• Focus Group Discussion (FGD)• Community Based Disaster Risk
Management
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS
Public ParticipationFGD
PUBLICITY
WHAT IS A RESILIENT CITY
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESILIENT CITY
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESILIENT CITY
MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR DISASTER RESIKLIENCE
MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
MALAYSIA INITIATIVES IN MAKING CITIES RESILIENT
FDTCP, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA INITIATIVES IN MAKING CITIES RESILIENT
PLANNING GUIDELINES, MANUALS & STUDIESPLANNING GUIDELINES, MANUALS & STUDIES
.
Study on Sustainable Development Indicators (SDI)
Planning Guidelines on Development of Roof Top Gardens
Planning Guidelines on Public Facilities
Manual on Sustainability Assessment
A Guide for Conducting Focus Group Discussions, Charettes and Village Appraisals
Manual on Social Impact Assessment
The FDTCP will continue to play a vital role in incorporating and mainstreaming DRR and CCA.
Cooperation and inter-agencies free flow of data and information is needed.
Continuous effort is necessary to assess changes and ensure that adaptations will be done commensurate with new issues and risks that may arise over time.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
TERIMA KASIH!
www.townplan.gov.my