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Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan

Features of Power System andIssues on International Connection

in Japan

Ryuichi YOKOYAMA横山隆一

Waseda University早稲田大学名誉教授

1

Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan2

Outline of Presentation

・ Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of

Sustainable Energy

・ Super Grid for Cross-Reginal Electricity Transfer

・ Features of Power System and Issues on

International Connection in Japan


Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of Sustainable Energy


Paradigm Shift toward Best Energy Mix from Nuclear-Centered Generation Mix

Best Energy Mix based on Distributed Generation and Network

Generation with Fossil Energy

- LNG Thermal Plant (1GW)- Gas Combined Cycle (0.3GW)- Gas Engine (10KW – 1MW)- IGCC (Clean Coal Generation)- Fuel Cell

GEGE

Generation with Sustainable Energy

Battery Energy Storage

EDLC

Lead Battery Ni-MH Battery

負極負極正極正極

水素吸蔵合金オキシ水酸化ニッケル

放電

N iO O H

N i(O H ) 2O H －

H 2O

O H －

H 2O

e －

↓

水素 H +

↑e －

e － → e － →

← e －

e － →

負　極負　極正　極正　極

炭素材料 (黒鉛層間化合物) 遷移金属酸化物

Li+

空のLi+サイト

放　電電子 e－ →

Li-Ion Battery

Transmission

Network

Distribution Substation

ResidenceFactory

Distribution Network

Storage

Thermal Plant

PV Generation

StorageNuclear Plant

Hydro Plant

Generation Mix based on Large Scale Plants

WindGeneration

Energy Saving Local Generation

Tsunami2011


○ By large scale installation of sustainable energy such as PV generation, new problems in power grids ;Excess energy, Voltage increase and Shortage of frequency control capacity occur.

○ Necessity of power stabilization control to keep their own functionality of power networks

１０７Ｖ

９５Ｖ

Voltage

Distance from Substation transformerNo Reverse

Power

Reverse powerPermissible Range

(1016V)

LoadLoad

Reverse PowerReverse power : PV generated power flows into grids

DistributionSubstation

～－～－

LoadLoad Load

～－

Voltage

Disconnection

100/200V

6６00V

Voltage Increase and Reverse Power in Distribution Networks

MEGA Solar

Issues in Power System Operation by Large Scale Instillation of Sustainable Energy

Output Deviation of PV Generation in Summer

Rat

io

（Gen

erat

ion

Cap

acity

）（％）

（Time)

Cloudy

Fine Day

Rainy

010203040506070

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Dem

and

Ch

ange

（Com

pon

ents

un

der ２０

min

ute

s de

viar

tion）

太陽光増加

LFC : Load Frequency

Control

Sum of demand and PV output fluctuations

±1～2 %of Total demand

Shortage of Frequency Control Capacity

One hour

Sum of demand and wind output deviations

Demand deviation

Excess of control limit

5

SmartMeter

HEMS

BatteryElectric Vehicle


Autonomous Micro Gridfor Effective Use of Sustainable Energy

Intelligent

Control System

Wind Generator

PV generation

Fuel Cells

Electricity/Heat Supply

Large Customers

Domestic Customers

Loop Network

GEGE

Gas Engine, CGS

Utility Grid

ICT-based Monitoring, Communication and Control

Battery Energy Storage System

Back Up


Changes of Power System Structureby Introducing Smart Technology

7


Toward Future Power Delivery Networks

Stable Power Supply Low Carbon SocietyReasonable Price

Future Social Infrastructure

Super Grid

Anti-Disaster NetworkPower Transfer

crossing the Border

Local Government DrivenAutonomous Network Inter-regional Connection

Clustered Microgrid

Large Scale Power System

Micro Grid Smart GridParasite Cost/Benefit

Smart & Eco Life

Smart CommunityEco City, Compact Town

Electricity, Heat,Transportation

8

Transmission

Network

Distribution Substation

ResidenceFactory

Distribution Network

Storage

Thermal Plant

PV Generation

StorageNuclear

Plant

Hydro Plant

Generation Mix by Large Scale Plants

WindGeneration

Remote GenerationLong Transmission

Vulnerability to Natural Disaster


To create social infrastructures (Smart Communities) to conduct the integrated management of life style, heat usage, transportation other than electricity for effective use of total energy.

Smart CommunityElectricity Infrastructure (Smart Grid)

Energy Consumption in Transportation became Double in 30years Comfortability

Heat and Steam Network by utilizing Unused Heat Energy

50% of energy consumptionis by Heat and Steam

Car Sharing

Eco Point3,250 Yen

Charge5,000 Yen

Today20 KWh

Heat Supply

TransportationChange of Life Style

Change of Life Style by Visualizationof Energy Consumption

Fuel CellUse of Industrial Waste and Garbage

Visualization of Electricity Price and Real Time appliance Control

BRT（Bus Rapid Transit）High Speed Bus System with Private-Use Rail

Mobil Security Assist System by using probe Information

Electric Vehicle to Home

Smart Meter HEMS Biomass Cogeneration

9

Objectives and Features of Smart Community

Shortage: EV HomeSurplus: Home EV


Configurations and Features of Smart Community

Tram withOverhead Wires

ChargingStation

Electric Bus (Tram in the Future)Smart House

EV is used as a social infrastructure

Shortage: EV HomeSurplus: Home EV

Smart House

Smart Building

Charging Station

Electric Bus Electric Vehicles

Control Center

Control Center to manage energy, information and transportation in the area optimally

Nuclear and Thermal Generation Plants

BatteryWind Gen.

Micro Hydro Gen.

Mega Solar

TramUse of Breeze

PV

Home Network

Home Gateway

Smart Meter

Heat Pump

Fuel Cell

Efficient Air Conditioner

Washer, Dryer, M.W. , LED, Television

EV

Motor ChangeableLi-Ion Battery

InverterFixed BatteryA.C

Tram in the Future

10

Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan 11

Yokohama City（Yokohama City, Toshiba, Panasonic, Meidensha, Nissan, Accenture, etc.）

CO2▲30％ by 2025（from 2004）Energy management system which

integrates HEMS, BEMS, EVPV（27,000 kW）Use of heat and unused energy4,000 Smart houses, ,2000 EVs

Toyota City（Toyota City. Toyota Motor, Chubu Electric

Power, Toho Gas, Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Denso, Sharp, Fujitsu, Dream

Incubator, etc.）CO2▲20％ :houses, ▲40％:transportation

Use of heat and unused energy as well as electricityDemand response at more than 70 homes

3100EV, V to H, to G

Kyoto Keihanna District（Kyoto Prefecture, Kansai Electric Power, Osaka Gas

KANSAI SCIENCE CITY, Kyoto University）CO2▲20％ :houses, ▲30％:transportation （from 2005）Install PV in 1,000 houses, EV car-sharing systemNano-grid management of PVs and FCs in houses and

buildings (visualization of demand)Grant “Kyoto eco-points” to the usage of green-energy

Kitakyushu City（Kitakyushu City, Fuji Electric Systems , GE,

IBM, Nippon Steel）CO2▲50％（from 2005）

Real-time management at 70 companies and 200 housesEnergy management by HEMS, BEMSEnergy system which coordinates demand side

management with the overall power system .

Smart Community Pilot Projects in JapanParticipants

Commercial buildings

House Show Rooms

New developingarea

Minato Mirai Area・ BEMS, etc.

・ EV, Charging stations etc.

Residentialarea

・ EMS in Community・ EMS in Clustered Area

・ HEMS・ Efficient appliances , EV

Gas

RegionalHeat supply

AMI

Tokyo Gas

Electricity

Minato Mirai 21 Kouhoku New Town Kanazawa District

Implementation in Minato Mirai, Kouhoku New Town and Kanazawa Districts (Clusters)

7MW PV generation, 4,000 Smart houses, 2,000 Electric vehicles,

Target to install totally 27MW Sustainable energy

Demand Response demonstration by BEMS/HEMS and Integrated EMS in 3 areas (Clusters)

Target to reduce 30% CO2 by 2025 (in all Yokoyama against 2004）

For 5 years, the total budget will be $ 1 billion

Outline and Scale of Yokohama Eco City


Conclusion of MOU concerning Smart Community Projects 6 Demonstration Projects ; 4 in Implementation stage and 2 in

Construction stage

Java Island（Indonesia）

12

Oversea Smart Community Developments by NEDO

Reference : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan


Los Alamosμ-EMS for Microgrid

Los Alamos1MW PV-Generation Site

AlbuquerqueMesa Del Sol Building

AlbuquerqueGE, Energy Storage and PV

AlbuquerqueImplementation Facilities

Los AlamosLead Acid Battery

Smart Community Sites and Facilities in NM


Los AlamosLead Acid Battery

13

Range of the NEDO Project

Managementby US Side

μEMS (5MW)

Buildings Stationery Battery PV Generation Residences with Smart Meters

Autonomous Commercial Buildingwith 100KW-PV, GE,BEMES, Storage

μEMS/Monitoring

Operation Commands to DER and Storages to regulate PV output

Albuquerque

Substation

Monitoring to regulate power flow

at the connecting point

PV-Output Monitoring


Autonomous and Uninterruptible Power Supply in Albuquerque

The first implementation of autonomous and uninterruptiblepower supply for public commercial buildings in USA

Connecting Isolated

Voltage

Frequency

Voltage

Isolated Connecting

By controlling output of a gas engine , DER and a battery storage, the transition from Connecting State to Isolated State becomes stable.


14


○ Energy management in larger areas is more effective than that in a single house .○ Excess electricity stored in battery in sunny areas can be transferred to houses that require

electricity. It is not necessary for a battery to be installed in an individual house. If one battery is installed for every few houses, then the installation cost will be decreased.

○ Demand in residential areas is larger in the morning and at night and demand in commercialareas is large in daytime , by transferring electricity between areas, electricity can be used effectively.

Consumptionin a house

Optimization of transferAmong regions

Transfer between houses

Energy Management in Houses and Areas

Excess electricity from PV generation

is disconnectedExcess electricity is transferred and used in neighboring houses

Fine Area

Rainy Area Office District

Cluster

15


Configuration of Single Cluster

Configuration and Components of Cluster–Oriented Smart Distribution Grid

Effective Use of Sustainable Local Energy

BatteryCVCF/PQ Control

Main InverterGEGE

Interconnection Inverter

Cluster for Power Supply

Utility Grid(Power System）

Facilities

Biomass

Gas Engine

PV GenerationWind Generation

Micro Hydro

Wave Generation

Biogas

Customers

Rapid Charging of

EV16

AC

DC

AC


Interconnection and Expansion of Cluster–Oriented Smart Distribution Grid

Main Inverter(CVCF-Mode)

ClusterＡ

GEGE

Power System

(Utility Grid）

GEGE

One Point Connectionto the Grid

ClusterB

ClusterC





InterconnectionInverter

(PQ-Mode)


(PQ-Mode)


EMS


Objectives and Features of Expandable Grids

・ Structure of Cluster-based Expandable Smart Distribution Grids- Construction of an appropriate scale distribution grid (The first cluster)- Expansions of clusters according to increase of regional demands (The second cluster)- Interconnections of clusters by electrical routers (Tie lines and Inverter control)

・Features of Expandable Smart Distribution- Effective Use of Sustainable energies- DC/AC Distribution to the region- Coordinated Use of Heat Storage and BESS- Rapid Charging to Electric Vehicles

・The Role of the Proposed grid- New Power Supply Social Infrastructure for Developing Areas and Regions- Medium Scale Power Supply for Islands and Remote areas- Power Supply for Non-electrified Regions in Developing Countries and Emergency Supply

- Smart Grids for coping with Large Scale Installations of Sustainable Energy- Expandable Power Supply System in accordance with Regional Development- Contribution to Stable Power Supply, Energy Conservation and CO2 Reduction

Objectives and Features

GEGE GEGE

GEGE

Cluster Cluster

Cluster


Super Grid for Cross-Reginal Electricity Transfer

toward Effective Use of Reginal Renewable Energy


- Electric Power Super Grid aims at transferring electricity generated in an area to other areas through submarine cables of several thousands Km.

- Even Off-Shore wind farms can be connected to many countries.- Excess electric power generated by off-shore wind farms in UK is

transferred to Norway and is used to pumped up water in hydro plants. - In case of shortage of electricity in UK, electric power generated in the

hydro plans in Norway is sent back to UK.- International electricity transfer (accommodation) among countries

Super Grid Initiatives in Europe


欧州における北海スーパ-グリッド構想欧州における北海スーパ-グリッド構想The North Sea Countries’ Offshore Grid Initiative by EWEA

The North Sea Countries’ Offshore Grid Initiative by EWEA


Conception of EWEA Super GridConception of EWEA Super Grid


DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII)DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII)

23

- DESERTEC initiative was proposed by Club of Rome to transfer electricity generated by PV and solar thermal plants in North Africa to European countries by HVDC.

- Range of the plan is far longer than North Sea Super Grid project and will be completed after 2050.

- DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII) is established in 2009 by 12 players including solar thermal and HVDC companies led by Germany to realize the project.

- 15% of electricity in Europe is planed to be supplied by interconnection lines spreading over the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea areas by DII.

- Major finance, heavy electric and engineering corporations such as, Munich Insurance, Siemens, E.ON, Asea Brown Boveri, German Bank participated in the DII.

- 400 Billion Euro is to invest for CSP(Concentrating Solar Power) in South Europe and North Africa.

- Technology used in DII is existing one, however the project is the largest in scale compared with plants in USA and Spain.

23


European Super GridDESERTEC Industrial Initiative

European Super GridDESERTEC Industrial Initiative


Interconnections of Power Grids in Europe Power grids of European countries are connected strongly by international tie lines. Synchronized AC networks in Europe are divided into European Continental network, North Europe

network, England network and Baltic network, and networks are connected each other by HVDC. Spain network is connected to North Africa and Greece network is connected to Turkish network.

25

出典：国際連系に関する調査・研究、平成25年3月、一般財団法人日本エネルギー経済研究所

North Europe Network

Baltic Network

Synchronized European Continental Network

Turkish NetworkNorth Africa Network

England Network


ASEAN Power Grid (APG) Initiative

・ ASEAN Power Grid Connection forEffective use of Energy Resources ・ Reconciliation of Neighboring

Countries through Power Transfer ・ Revitalization of these Regions

Reference:Jack CasazzaForgotten Roots: Electric Power, Profits, Democracy and a Profession

Philippine

Myanmar

Malesia

Vietnam

Burnie

Singapore

Indonesia

Cambodia

Thailand

Laos


Proposal of East Asia Super GridProposal of East Asia Super Grid

27

- East Asia Super Grid is proposed to restore the shortage of Electricity caused by East Japan Earthquake and accompanied Tsunami in 2011.

- Japan Policy Council composed of economists and researchers (Chairman is Hiroya Masuda, Visiting professor of Tokyo University) proposed a new scheme for isolated power grids in Japan to connect to foreign countries and exchange power mutually by crossing the border.

- As the first stage, construction of Submarine Cable between Korea and Japan was proposed.

- Landing point is assumed to be the most southern end, Fukuoka, and other cables are to construct in Japan Sea side along the Japan Archipelago

- Trunk cables are connected toWestern and Eastern utility gridby AC/DC converter.

East Asia Super Grid

Kashiwazaki

Mihama

Tamari

Fukuoka

Wakkanai

27


Proposed Super Grid Plans in JapanProposed Super Grid Plans in Japan

- Japan Super Grid is proposed by Masayoshi Son (Renewable Energy Institute , SoftBamk Group) and TetsunariIida (Environment and Energy Policy Institute)

- Connecting Asian power grids including Japan by Ultra-High Voltage DC transmission lines to exchange electricity each other. （ Reference : REI ）

- Wide Area Cross Reginal Interconnection from the north end Hokkaido to the south end Fukuoka

- Construction of these DC trunk lines leads to solution of the two frequency problem between Western and Eastern regions and enables us to transfer electricity generated by solar and wind energy in Wakkanai to Metropolitan area and other areas

East Asia Super Grid

36,000Km

Tokyo

Beijing Seoul

• Peak Shift• Supply Stabilization• Reasonable Price

Hong Kong

Bangkok

Singapore

Shanghai

Taipei

ManilaMumbai

Delhi

Kuala Lumpur

The Gobi Desert

ChengduBhutan

Dacca

Vladivostok

Japan Super Grid

2,000Km2,000 Billion Yen

50 Billion Yen/year

Submarine Cable

4GW

1 GW

Wakkanai

Kashiwazaki

Mihama

Fukuoka

Tamari

28


Asian Super Grid

Japan

Korea

Russia

HVDC Transmission lines

India

China

Mongolia

The Gobi Desert

Asian Super GridInternational Energy Internet (Interconnection)

Converter Station

AC Transmission LinesWind Farm in Mongolia

The Gobi Desert

Solar Thermal FarmHVDC Cable

29


Benefit of Asian Super GridDifference of Electricity Prices in Countries

WakkanaiTamari

Fukuoka

Mihama

KashiwazakiKariha

Total Transmission Length:

3,800Km

Electricity Price


Features of Power System andIssues on International Connection

in Japan


Ten Electric Power Companies andInterconnected Network

Ten Electric Power Companies andInterconnected Network


AC interconnection(500kV)

AC interconnection(154kV～275kV)

DC interconnection

Back-to-Back Frequency Converter

AC-DC Converter

Minami-Fukumitsu BTB500kV Echizen-Reinan line

Sakuma F.C. 300MW

500kV Seiban-Higashi

Okayama line 1700MW

500kV Honshi tie line 1200MW

Hokuriku8.1GW

Shin-Shinano

F.C. 600MW

Hokkaido

7.5 GW187kV Donan line

Kamikita converter275kV Hokubu Line

Tohoku

17.8GW

Hakodate Converter station

600MW

Kii-suido HVDC 1400MW

500kV Kanmon tie line

Shikoku7.0GW

Chugoku

Tokyo

KansaiChubu

33.4GW

65.0GW

Kyushu

20.1GW

36.0GW

12.0GW

60 Hz

-Distance between Kyushu- Hokkaidois about 2000 km.

-Utilities are locatedsequentially.

50 Hz

500kV Soma-Futaba Line

Higashi-Shimizu F.C. 300MW

Kitahon Line

33

Generating CapacityIn 2015

Supply Areas divided by Two Frequencies (50Hz and 60Hz)


Available Transfer Capacity of Interconnection Lines


87% of electricity is generated by fossil Energy

Transition of Generation Mix and Estimate in 2020

Generation Mix in2010 Generation Mix in 2013

Nuclear

CoalHydro

LNGOthers

Renewable Energy

Before Disaster

2010Oil

Nuclear

Oil

CoalHydro

LNG

Others

Renewable Energy

After Disaster

20132011

Transmission Line (500kV)

Transmission Line(154kV～275kV)

DC Transmission LineSwitching Station or Substation

AC-DC Converter Facility

Back to Back Converter Station

Hydro including Pump-Up

9%

Coal30%

LNG34%

Oil4%

Oher Thermal2%

Nuclear1%

Wind1%

Solar7%

Other Renewables2%

Other Generations11%

Generation Mix in 2020 （Estimate by OCCTO,2016,KWh-Base）


Reinforcement Plans of Tie Lines for Large Scale Installation of Sustainable Energy

Reinforcement Plans of Tie Lines for Large Scale Installation of Sustainable Energy

Large Scale Wind Generation Area

High Electricity Demand Density Area

Areas to be

Interconnected

ProjectName

Voltage

Construction

Commencement

In Operation

Hokkaido-Tohoku

Hokuto-ImabetsuDC Trunk Line

HVDC250 kV

April 2014 March 2019

Tokyo-Chubu

Tokyo-Chubu DC Trunk Line

HVDC±200 kV

2017Fiscal Year

2020Fiscal Year

Chubu-KansaiSekigahara-kitaoumiLine

500 kV Undecided Undecided


Reinforcements of Facilities for Large Scale Wind Generation

Reinforcements of Facilities for Large Scale Wind Generation

- Construction Unit Cost:300,000 Yen/KW Estimated

- Construction Period:April 2014 to March 2019

- Operational Capacity:0.6GW (in 2014)0.3GW (in 2019) ExtensionTotal Capacity: 0.9GW

Hokuto Substation

Imabetsu Substation

SeikanTunnelNew Route

Existing Route

Nanae Substation

OhnoSubstatio

nHokuto-Imabetsu

Trunk Line

Nihisenndai

Minami-Soma

Jyoubann Line

Soma-Futaba Line

Tokyo Area

TohokuArea ● Total Construction Cost :

159 billion Yen● Construction Period:

7 years to 11 years●Operational Capacity:

5.7 GW (in 2021 Fiscal year)5.5 GW (Expansion)Total Capacity: 11.2GW

Large Scale Wind Generation Area

High Electricity Demand Density Area


38

Reinforcement of Interconnection lines between 50Hz and 60Hz Areas

Reinforcement of Interconnection lines between 50Hz and 60Hz Areas

Higashi-Shimizu

60Hz Area

Sakuma

50Hz Area

Shin-Shinano

Etsumi

Trunk Line

Constriction Plan of 900MW HVDC Line toward Nagano

Reference: Proposal on reinforcements of Tokyo-Chubu interconnection, ESCJ, 2013

Current Situation of East-West Interconnection FacilitiesFrequency Converter Station Sakuma (J-Power EPCO) : 300 MW Shin-Shinano (Tokyo EPCO ) : 600 MW Higashi-Shimizu (Chubu EPCO) : 300 MW Total Capacity: : 1,200 MW

■ Reinforcement of interconnection between 50Hz and 60Hz areas by HVDC line

■ Capacity of East-West interconnection will be increased from 1,200MW to 2,10MW (2,50MW in the future)

■ The project is undergoing aiming at operation commencement in 2020

By the constriction of 900MW HVDC Line toward Nagano, the transfer capacity increases to 2,100 MW in 2020.

The Expert Committee on the Electricity Power Systems Reform requested further increase of capacity up to 3,000 MW under political support by the government in June 2016.


Unit: 10 MW

HokkaidoEPCO

ChugokuEPCO

KansaiEPCO

ChubuEPCO

HokurikuEPCO

TohokuEPCO

TokyoEPCO

ShikokuEPCO

KyushuEPCO

Undecided (120)Undecided (250)

90 (2019 In Operation)90 (2019 In Operation)

210 (2020 In Operation)300 (Recommended)

500KV Line Planned but Undecided

Transfer Capacity after Reinforcement of Interconnection in 2024

Transfer Capacity after Reinforcement of Interconnection in 2024


Deployment of Super Grid into Asian CountriesDeployment of Super Grid into Asian Countries

Super Grid in Japan

- Necessity of feasibility studies for international interconnection toward the targeted year, 2020 or 2030

- In the future, expansion to multi-national Super Grid including the North East Asian countries (ASEAN) and Australia

- Creation of a platform for effective use of renewable energy such as solar and wind

- As electric power companies in Japan have been protected by monopoly and regulation, even domestic transfer between areas was not sufficient because of poor tie line capacity.

Expansion of domestic tie lines


R・Route

K・Route

Feasibility of International Power Grid Connection in Japan


Reinforcement of Tie lines for Cross-Reginal Cross regional Operation

Toward Super Grid in Japan）

42

Reinforcements of Tie lines

between areas

Increase of Cross-regional electricity transfer

- To avoid blackout occurred by natural disasters by transferring electric power between areas

- To mitigate output fluctuation of large scale renewable energy installation by enhancement of nationwide demand and supply balancing capability

- Establishment of OCCTO: Organization for Cross–regional Coordination of Transmission Operators, Japan

Reference: OCCTO, Summary of electricity supply plan in2015, June 2015


Current Situation and Objectives of Reginal Interconnections in USA

43

Since 2012, reinforcements of transmission lines have been conducted by 5,5094km in US, 1,3604km in Canada, 622km in Mexico, and 69,320km in NERC total area

66,582km for AC transmission lines and 2,738km for DC transmission lines, DC lines is constructed mainly in Canada.

Objectives of the reinforcements are for Enhancement of supply reliability (To fulfill Reliability Criteria) :52%, Connection of renewable energy,:20%, Economic reason (Congestion relieving):14%, Connection of hydro plants:3%, Connection of Nuclear plants:1%, and Connection of thermal plamts:1%.

出典：国際連系に関する調査・研究、平成25年3月、一般財団法人日本エネルギー経済研究所


Mandatory Conditions for realizing Super GridMandatory Conditions for realizing Super Grid

44

□ In the DESERTECH Project of European countries including the Middle East and the North Africa,- Solar Thermal energy in deserts of

the North Africa and the Middle East- Wind power energy in the coast of

the North-West Africa, the North and West Europe

- PV generation in strong solar radiation, such as Spain

- Hydro energy in mountain areas of the Alpsmountains, Pyrenees, Atlas Mountains

- Biomass energy in the middle of Europe, such as, Germany and France□ International interconnections between Africa, the Middle East and Europe by low

loss, long distance HVDC

- Countries are stable politically, Economically and Socially- Interconnecting countries have cordial relations each other- Diversification of energy resources in different areas


Thank you for your attention

Ryuichi YOKOYAMA横山隆一

Waseda University早稲田大学

[email protected]


Stable, Reliable, and Clean Power supply for All Customers with Reasonable Price

EconomicGrowth

(New Business)

Energy Security(Stable Power Supply)

EnvironmentalConservation

(CO2 Reduction etc.)

Premise: Stable, Reliable, and Clean Power Supply for All Customers with Reasonable Price

Cost Reduction(Efficient Operation)

Stable Supply(Best Energy Mix)

EnvironmentalPreservation

(Clean Energy Technology)

Objectives

Coordination of Goals of Electric Power Sector for Stable Energy Supply

Energy Saving, Peak Cut and Load Leveling

Efficient Use of Facility/Sustainable Energy Smart Grid

Resiliency and Reduction of Cost

Expandable Network

Resiliency

Clustered Microgrid

Super Grid

Smart Community

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