W G McAdoo, a lawyer,Federal Reserve First Chairman of the Board

& Director General of Railroads

William S. McAdoo (1863-1941), Woodrow Wilson's secretary of the treasury (1913–18), founder of the Federal Reserve Board

http://c8.alamy.com/comp/CWA708/william-s-mcadoo-1863-1941-woodrow-wilsons-secretary-of-the-treasury-CWA708.jpghttp://c8.alamy.com/comp/CWA708/william-s-mcadoo-1863-1941-woodrow-wilsons-secretary-of-the-treasury-CWA708.jpg

The Federal Reserve Board of Governors in 1914. Benjamin Strong, Jr., back row, 2nd from right, was a close associate of J. P. Morgan

Wilson & W G McAdoo secret 1910 meeting

Secretary of the TreasuryWoodrow Wilson lured McAdoo away from business after their meeting in 1910 and he worked for the Wilson presidential campaign in 1912. Once he was President, Wilson appointed McAdoo secretary of the Treasury, a post McAdoo held from 1913 to 1918.[6] [7] [8]

[ See “Secret Terrorists” Chapter five “The sinking of the Titanic”]Titanic sank in 1912 one year before the Federal Reserve and two years after Wilson and McAdoo

private meeting (refer to Jekyll Island)

https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2012-02-15/the-secret-meeting-that-launched-the-federal-reserve-echoes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-nytsworn-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-nytcabinet-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-shook-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilsonhttps://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2012-02-15/the-secret-meeting-that-launched-the-federal-reserve-echoeshttps://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2012-02-15/the-secret-meeting-that-launched-the-federal-reserve-echoes

The Secret Meeting That Launched the Federal Reserve: Echoes

Read More.Feb 15, 2012 11:49 AM ESTByGregory D L Morris

Although it may seem shocking to watch the 112th Congress, there was a time when national leaders were swift and decisive in getting things done. In November 1910, in the space of less than two weeks, a group of government and business leaders fashioned a powerful new financial system that has survived a century, two world wars, a Great Depression and many recessions.

Of course, the Jekyll Island conference, which met that month, was dodgy even by the standards of the Gilded Age: a self-selected handful of plutocrats secretly meeting at a private resort island to draw up a new framework for the nation’s banking system. Add in the gnarly live oaks and dripping Spanish moss of coastal Georgia, and the baronial becomes baroque.

The group's original plan wasn't ratified by Congress, but one very much like it was adopted and became the basis of the Federal Reserve system that remains in place today.

At the time, the Panic of 1907 was still fresh in everyone’s mind. J.P. Morgan had resolved that panic by locking the heads of major banks in his library overnight, and strong-arming them into a deal to provide sufficient liquidity to end the runs on banks and brokerages.

No one was happy with that expediency, and in 1908 Congress passed the Aldrich-Vreeland Act, which formed the National Monetary Commission. Senator Nelson Aldrich, a Rhode Island Republican and sponsor of the act, embarked on a fact-finding mission to Europe, where he met with government ministers and bankers.

The panic had shown that the existing financial system, founded on government bonds, was brittle and ponderous. But, although voters were eager for a more robust and responsive system, there was no support at the time for a central bank either from the public or from industrialists. Both were suspicious of such government interference.

The Jekyll Island collaborators knew that public reports of their meeting would scupper their plans. The idea of senior officials from the Treasury, Congress, major banks and brokerages (along with one foreign national) slipping off to design a new world order has struck generations of Americans as distasteful at best and undemocratic at worst -- and would have been similarly received at the time. So the meeting of the minds was planned under the ruse of a gentlemen’s duck-hunting expedition.

Aldrich, an archetype of his age, was a personal friend of Morgan, and Aldrich's daughter was married to John D. Rockefeller Jr. He found in the European central banks a useful model. Although the financial system in the U.S. was functional enough to stoke the engines of a growing industrial economy, it was a classic example of the persistence of interim solutions. The models Aldrich found in

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-04/how-populist-outrage-gave-birth-to-the-federal-reserve-echoes.htmlhttps://www.bloomberg.com/contributors/AQ62gR--d_w/gregory-d-morrishttps://www.bloomberg.com/contributors/ASD1bG3hdiI/eli-lake

Europe were more efficient and effective.

What he lacked was a way to graft those characteristics onto the American economy without retarding it. Hence the duck hunt.

Aldrich invited men he knew and trusted, or at least men of influence who he felt could work together. They included Abram Piatt Andrew, assistant secretary of the Treasury; Henry P. Davison, a business partner of Morgan's; Charles D. Norton, president of the First National Bank of New York; Benjamin Strong, another Morgan friend and the head of Bankers Trust; Frank A. Vanderlip, president of the National City Bank; and Paul M. Warburg, a partner in Kuhn, Loeb & Co. and a German citizen.

The men made their way to the island by private railway car and ferry.

In Vanderlip, Aldrich had found the tactician to design a functional American central bank. Vanderlip was born a farm boy in Aurora, Illinois, put himself through college, and worked his way up the Chicago financial ladder. He became personal assistant to Treasury Secretary Lyman Gage, and in 1898 made his mark managing loans to the government to finance the Spanish-American War.

As Bertie Charles Forbes related in his 1916 book, "Men Who Are Making America":

Vanderlip knew more about government bonds than any other man living. He knew other banks would like to be relieved of all the red tape incidental to buying and putting up bonds to cover circulation, depositing reserves to cover note issues &c. He began to dictate a circular letter to be sent broadcast to the country’s 4,000 national banks.

That was exactly the kind of perspicacity Aldrich was seeking. The collaborators spent 10 days on Jekyll Island. What emerged was an idea for something called the National Reserve Association, which

would act as a central bank, issuing currency and holding member banks’ reserves. While it would handle government debt, it would be a private institution. The U.S. Treasury would have a seat on the board, but would exercise no further oversight.

The reserve association was brought to Congress as the "Aldrich plan," and it got nowhere. There was opposition in both parties, from populist William Jennings Bryan, a Nebraska Democrat, to progressive Robert La Follette, a Wisconsin Republican.

Woodrow Wilson ran for president opposed to the bankers’ club but committed to financial reform. There followed a blizzard of proposals from every part of the political spectrum. Eventually, Carter Glass, a Virginia Democrat and the chairman of the House banking committee, drafted what would become the Federal Reserve Act with the help of Robert Latham Owen, an Oklahoma Democrat. The act became law at the end of 1913.

Although the Glass-Owen bill was a compromise, the core of the Aldrich plan remained. There were many minor detail changes from the Jekyll Island accords, but the major one was a more prominent role given to the Treasury. (To this day the debate continues as to whether the Fed is truly independent,

or should be.) Benjamin Strong, one of the Jekyll Island cohorts, became the first president of the New York Federal Reserve in 1914.

Today, a central bank is the global standard. All 187 members of the International Monetary Fund have them. In November 2010, Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke held a press conference on Jekyll Island to celebrate the centennial of the meeting. Aldrich and his colleagues would have been proud of their accomplishment -- but mortified by the publicity.

William Gibbs McAdoo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_ McAdoo

Wikipedia William Gibbs McAdoo, Jr. (October 31, 1863 – February 1, 1941) was an American lawyer and ..... 2. ^ "Eleanor Wilson Weds W.G. M'Adoo; President's Youngest Daughter and Secretary of Treasury Married at White House". The New ...Biography · Selected works · See also · Footnotes

https://archive.org/details/opinionsustainin00unit Opinion sustaining the authority of W. G. McAdoo, director general of railroads, re general orders 18 and 18-A, and their validity under the Federal-control act approved March 21, 1918, and the constitutionality of said act by United States. District Court (Missouri : Eastern District); Trieber, Jacob, 1853-Published 1918 Topics Railroads and state -- United States, Railroads -- Government control United States

SIMILAR ITEMS (based on metadata)

California Digital Library414414

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Public acts, proclamations by the President relating to the United States Railroad Administration, and general orders and circulars issued by the Director General of Railroads to December 31, 1918 May 16, 200805/08 by United States Railroad Administration; United States. Laws, etc; United States. President (1913-1921 : Wilson) California Digital Library243243

Statement of Hon. W. G. McAdoo, director general of railroads, before the Interstate Commerce Committee of the United States Senate, January 3, 1919 Jul 27, 200707/07 by McAdoo, William Gibbs, 1863-1941; United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate Commerce California Digital Library

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1,5301.5K

Vol 1: A treatise on the law of railroads; containing a consideration of the organization, status and powers of railroad corporations, and of the rights and liabilities incident to the location, construction and operation of railroads and also the duties, rights and liabilities of railroad companies as carriers, under the rules of the common law and the Interstate commerce act Aug 7, 200708/07 by Elliott, Byron K., 1835-1913; Elliott, William F. (William Frederick), b. 1859

California Digital Library218218

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Vol 2: A treatise on the law of railroads; containing a consideration of the organization, status and powers of railroad corporations, and of the rights and liabilities incident to the location, construction and operation of railroads and also the duties, rights and liabilities of railroad companies as carriers, under the rules of the common law and the Interstate commerce act Aug 7, 200708/07 by Elliott, Byron K., 1835-1913; Elliott, William F. (William Frederick), b. 1859 California Digital Library268268

Vol 4: A treatise on the law of railroads; containing a consideration of the organization, status and powers of railroad corporations, and of the rights and liabilities incident to the location, construction and operation of railroads and also the duties, rights and liabilities of railroad companies as carriers, under the rules of the common law and the Interstate commerce act Aug 7, 200708/07 by Elliott, Byron K., 1835-1913; Elliott, William F. (William Frederick), b. 1859

California Digital Library297297

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Vol 3: A treatise on the law of railroads; containing a consideration of the organization, status and powers of railroad corporations, and of the rights and liabilities incident to the location, construction and operation of railroads and also the duties, rights and liabilities of railroad companies as carriers, under the rules of the common law and the Interstate commerce act Aug 7, 200708/07 by Elliott, Byron K., 1835-1913; Elliott, William F. (William Frederick), b. 1859 California Digital Library350350

Railroads, rates and regulation https://archive.org/details/railroadsratesre00ripl May 20, 200805/08 by Ripley, William Zebina, 1867-1941 California Digital Library321321

https://archive.org/details/railroadsratesre00riplhttps://archive.org/details/railroadsratesre00riplhttps://archive.org/details/cdlhttps://archive.org/details/cdlhttps://archive.org/details/treatiseonlawofr03elliialahttps://archive.org/details/treatiseonlawofr03elliialahttps://archive.org/details/treatiseonlawofr03elliiala

Government ownership of railroads, and war taxation Oct 31, 200710/07 by Kahn, Otto Hermann, 1867-1934 California Digital Library244244

American railroads: government control and reconstruction policies Aug 14, 200808/08 by Cunningham, William James, b. 1875 [James Hill is one of the most corrupt railroad agents in O&C land fraud]

California Digital Library268268

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The railroads, their employes and the public; a discourse upon the rights, duties and obligations of each toward the other Mar 26, 200803/08 by Miles, John Edward, b. 1864

A List of references to the more important books and articles on government control and operation of railroads Jan 11, 200801/08 by Bureau of Railway Economics (Washington, D.C.). Library

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Statement of Hon. W. G. McAdoo, director general of railroads, before the Interstate Commerce Committee of the United States Senate, January 3, 1919 Jul 27, 200707/07 by McAdoo, William Gibbs, 1863-1941; United States. Congress. https://archive.org/details/statementofhonwg00mcadrich

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https://archive.org/details/opinionsustainin00unit

https://archive.org/details/opinionsustainin00unit

Speeches by William Gibbs McAdoo via Library of Congress

1 American rights

2 Revise taxes

Recordings 1 through 2 of 2 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?nfor:1:./temp/~ammem_1eS3:: TEXT

"American Rights"

Fellow countrymen, this great republic is facing one of the most extraordinary situations in the world's history. It would be difficult to exaggerate the seriousness of the great conflict in which we are engaged -- a conflict in which the fate of civilization is at stake -- a conflict of which God has called us as a champion of freedom and democracy.

We are by nature a peaceful people, but we are a fighting people where the rights of America and of humanity are concerned. It is unfortunate for the German military despot who precipitated this war, that he did not realize beforehand that America has fighting spirit and national unity. He had been made to believe that we were a disorganized, disloyal and heterogenous people -- that America would not fight -- that her rights could be transgressed with impunity, and that she would cravenly submit.

The Kaiser insolently commanded our vessels and our citizens not to sail the high seas within his own of about 500 miles surrounding Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Italy. He said: 'if you do, I will sink your ships without notice, kill your citizens, and destroy your commerce.' He did this in defiance of all international law and in violation of Germany's treaty obligation with this government. No self-respecting nation could permit any alien despot to order it to surrender rights that are vital to the national integrity and security. If we had not courage enough to defend our rights on that ground, then our material interests were so involved, that it was absolutely essential to America's continued life and prosperity that the Kaiser's order should be defied. A zone five hundred miles in extent, surrounding Great Britain, Belgium, France and Italy, meant this: that if we kept our commerce out of these waters, our intercourse with those countries would cease, and a market for more than one half of all that this country exports each year would have been lost. If we had submitted to that order, and that had been destroyed, what would have happened? Disaster upon the farms of America, disaster to the manufactories of America, disaster to the mining interests of America, disaster to the labor interests of America. To every productive activity of the American people there would have come irreparable injury. Never could we submit to that.

Every man and woman who stays at home, and for whose liberties, property, and sacred institutions our boys will shed their blood, must be moved by a spirit of sacrifice equal to that which animates our gallant troops. We must be willing to give up something of personal convenience, something of

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personal comfort, something of our treasure -- all, if necessary, and our lives in the bargain, to support our noble sons who go out to die for us. We fight for our sacred rights and for our noblest ideas. America has never lost a war for freedom, and with God's help we shall not fail now. Let us organize our strength, marshal our resources, vindicate our rights, reestablish a just peace, and keep the torch of liberty burning throughout the world.

Revise taxes

McAdoo, William Gibbs, 1863-1941(For a larger image, click on the picture)

Former Secretary of Treasury William G. McAdoo. "Have the Republican majority done anything to reduce taxes? No! They have just laid down on the job."

"Revise Taxes"

Before the President called the extra session of Congress last May, Republican leaders assured the country that if the President would call them together in Washington, they would settle the railroad problem, the merchant marine question, revise the tax laws, reduce the cost of living, and enact the great constructive legislation which the problems resulting from the war made imperative. The President obligingly called the extra session and urged a revision of the war taxes. The Democrats had to put on these taxes to lick the Kaiser. Our gallant dough boys having finished that job, war taxes should now be reduced.

Has the Republican majority done anything to reduce taxes, or to solve any of the great war problems? No, they have simply lain down on the job. If the Republican majority is unable to deal with the tax and war problems, why is it not honest enough to tell the people so? Under the Constitution, every bill to reduce, or revise, or impose taxation must originate in the House of Representatives, which is absolutely in the hands of the Republican majority. The responsibility for neglecting to relieve the people of some of these great war burdens rests upon the Republican majority. The President can only recommend. The Republican Congress must legislate to give relief.

The question of taxation touches every home in America. There is no man, woman, or child who can escape the relentless tax law. It reaches into every pocket, and extracts its share whether the pocket

http://memory.loc.gov/image/nfor/9000005p.jpg

belongs to the rich or to the poor. While the poor do not pay these taxes directly, they do pay them indirectly, because the taxes increase the price of every ounce of food, every pound of coal, every piece of clothing and every article consumed or used by the people. Between the high cost of living and the high load of taxation, the masses are carrying a heavy burden these days, and they have a right to demand that the Republican majority in Congress carry out its promises to give relief.

Instead of trying to reduce the burden of taxation, the Republican Senate has spent its full time trying to defeat the plan for a League of Nations, which if organized will cut down and limit military armament among all the great powers, and will make war [almost] if not impossible. If the Senate destroys the League of Nations, then the United States must begin at once to arm on a greater scale than any other nation in the world, because we must be strong enough to beat all comers from the Atlantic, the Pacific, or any other quarter. This means a navy in the Atlantic big enough to overcome the combined navies of at least three European powers. It means a navy in the Pacific bigger than Japan. It means the greatest standing army we have ever had. And it means possibly forcing universal military training on a million young men every year. This will add at least two billion dollars per annum to our present tax burden.

Do we want to promote or prevent human slaughter in the future? Do we want to increase or reduce taxation? If we want to promote human slaughter and increase taxation, we should defeat the League of Nations. Our war preparation will then necessitate increasing present income taxes at least fifty percent per annum to say nothing of a general increase in every form of federal taxation. Let us understand the consequences of our entrance on such a career of militarism. If we must abandon the glorious ideas of peace for which this nation has always stood, we must do so with full knowledge of the fact that the alternative is wholesale preparation for war and the enthronement of armed force as the arbiter of America's destiny, and of the world's future faith.

William Gibbs McAdoo, United States Senator www.arlingtoncemetery.net/ wgmcadoo .htm

Biography of Senator McAdoo. ... McADOO, William Gibbs, a Senator from California; born on a farm near ... WG McAdoo Gravesite PHOTO December 2004

http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wgmcadoo.htm

William Gibbs McAdoo United States Senator - Secretary of the Treasury

http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wgmcadoo.htmhttp://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wgmcadoo.htmhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwilzfLE877PAhUXwGMKHZxUBk4QFgguMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arlingtoncemetery.net%2Fwgmcadoo.htm&usg=AFQjCNGoh7XSKlEjDkE_H83RSZ6vNleeXQ&sig2=EXEIzb0kWqfKZIljYIBN0w&bvm=bv.134495766,d.cGc

Born October 31, 1863 he served as United States Senator from California and as Secretary of the Treasury under President Woodrow Wilson. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for

President of the United States in both 1918 and 1924.

He served in the Senate from 1933 to 1938 when he resigned after having failed to secure his party's nomination for re-election.

He headed the company which planned, designed and constructed the Hudson River tunnels which connect New Jersey with New York City.

He served brilliantly as Secretary of the Treasury during World War I and married President Wilson's daughter, Eleanor Randolph Wilson, at the White House on May 7, 1914. Was

married a total of three times in his life.

He died on February 1, 1941 and was buried in Section 2 of Arlington National Cemetery.

NOTE: His son Robert H. McAdoo, Ensign, United States Navy, is buried with him as well as his son William G. McAdoo, Jr., Lieuenant, United States Navy.

Courtesy of the Congress of the United States:

McADOO, William Gibbs, a Senator from California; born on a farm near Marietta, Cobb County, Ga., October 31, 1863; attended the rural schools and the University of Tennessee at

Knoxville; appointed deputy clerk of the United States Circuit Court for the Southern Division, Eastern District of Tennessee 1882; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1885 and commenced

practice in Chattanooga, Tenn.; moved to New York City in 1892 and continued the practice of law; developed the system of rapid-transit tunnels under the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey and from 1902 to 1913 was president of the company which constructed

and operated them; vice chairman of the Democratic National Committee in 1912; Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President Woodrow Wilson 1913-1918; during the First World

War served as director general of railways, chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Farm Loan Board, and the War Finance Corporation; resumed the practice of law in New York City in 1919; moved to Los Angeles, Calif., in 1922 and continued to practice law; unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in

1920 and 1924; author; member of the Democratic National Committee 1932-1940; elected in 1932 as a Democrat to the United States Senate from California and served from March 4,

1933, to November 8, 1938, when he resigned; unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1938; chairman, Committee on Patents (Seventy-third through Seventy-fifth Congresses); returned to

http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wmcadooj.htmhttp://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/rhmcadoo.htm

Los Angeles, Calif., and served as chairman of the board of directors of a steamship line; died while on a visit in Washington, D.C., February 1, 1941; interment in Arlington National

Cemetery, Fort Myer, Va.

MCADOO, WILLIAM GIBBS SR EX SECY OF TREAS US EX SENATOR VETERAN SERVICE DATES: Unknown

DATE OF DEATH: 02/01/1941 DATE OF INTERMENT: 02/03/1941

BURIED AT: SECTION EAST SITE 4969 ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY

Photo Courtesy of the National Archives

William Gibbs McAdooFormer United States Secretary of the TreasuryWilliam Gibbs McAdoo, Jr. was an American lawyer and statesman. A political progressive, McAdoo was a leader of the Progressive movement who played a major role in the two presidential administrations of Woodrow Wilson. WikipediaBorn: October 31, 1863, Marietta, GADied: February 1, 1941, Washington, D.C.Spouse: Eleanor Wilson McAdoo (m. 1914–1934)Education: University of TennesseeChildren: Mary Faith McAdoo, Ellen Wilson McAdoo

William G. McAdoo - Biography of a person who figures prominently in ...www.federalreservehistory.org/People/DetailView/226

William G. McAdoo was sworn in as the secretary of Treasury on March 5, 1913. Upon passage of the Federal Reserve Act on December 23, 1913, McAdoo ...

http://www.federalreservehistory.org/People/DetailView/226

William G. McAdoo

Governor (Board)1913 - 1918

William G. McAdoo was sworn in as the secretary of Treasury on March 5, 1913. Upon passage of the Federal Reserve Act on December 23, 1913, McAdoo became chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and a member of the Reserve Bank Organization Committee (RBOC). The Federal Reserve Act required McAdoo to hold the first meeting of the Federal Reserve Board in Washington, DC, “as soon

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as may be after the passage of the act, at a date to be fixed by the RBOC.” McAdoo retired as Treasury secretary on December 15, 1918, and Carter Glass became the new Treasury secretary and chairman of the Federal Reserve Board.

Born near Marietta, Georgia, in 1863, McAdoo spent his early life in the South. After graduating from the University of Tennessee, he was appointed deputy clerk for the US Circuit Court for the Southern Division, Eastern District of Tennessee. In 1885, he was admitted to the bar. He practiced law in Chattanooga, Tennessee, until 1892, when he moved to New York. There, he continued to practice until 1903.

McAdoo involved himself in a variety of industries. He was the president and director of Hudson & Manhattan Railroad Company, which completed the first tunnel under the Hudson River in 1904. In 1912, he served as the chairman of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and also as acting chairman.

As Treasury secretary during the outbreak of World War I, McAdoo took bold steps to confront financial crisis. In July 1914, European investors began liquidating their American holdings into US currency, then converting them to gold, which backed the US dollar. To forestall the sell-off, McAdoo closed the New York Stock Exchange for four months. Some economists credit his actions with preventing the collapse of the US financial and stock markets and laying the groundwork for a shift in economic power from Europe to America.

During McAdoo’s term as Treasury secretary and ex-officio chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, he held other positions as well. McAdoo was ex-officio chairman of the Federal Farm Loan Board and director general of US Railroads.After resigning as Treasury secretary, it was suggested at the 1920 DNC Convention in San Francisco that McAdoo run for president of the United States. He requested that his name not be presented to the convention. In a later convention his name was included on the ballot, but he was not nominated. McAdoo remained active in various cities’ DNCs well into the 1930s. From 1933 to 1938, he was a US senator. He also wrote two books: one about prohibition and an autobiography.

McAdoo was married three times. He had five children with his first wife, Sarah, who died in 1912. After Sarah’s death, he married President Woodrow Wilson’s daughter Eleanor. The couple was married at the White House and had two children before divorcing. In 1935, McAdoo married his third wife, Doris.McAdoo died in 1941.

Written by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. See disclaimer.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo

William Gibbs McAdooFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the Secretary of the Treasury and U.S. Senator from California. For the Representative from New Jersey and New York City Police Commissioner, see William McAdoo (New Jersey).

William Gibbs McAdoo

46th United States Secretary of the TreasuryIn office

March 6, 1913 – December 15, 1918President Woodrow WilsonPreceded by Franklin MacVeaghSucceeded by Carter Glass

United States Senatorfrom California

In officeMarch 4, 1933 – November 8, 1938

Preceded by Samuel M. ShortridgeSucceeded by Thomas M. Storke

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Personal details

BornWilliam Gibbs McAdoo, Jr.(1863-10-31)October 31, 1863Marietta, Georgia, U.S.

DiedFebruary 1, 1941(1941-02-01) (aged 77)Washington, D.C., U.S.

Resting placeArlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, U.S.

Political party Democratic

Spouse(s)Sarah Hazelhurst Fleming (1885 – 1912; her death)Eleanor Randolph Wilson (1914 – 1934, divorced)Doris Isabel Cross (1935 – 1941; his death)

Children

Ellen Wilson McAdooMary Faith McAdooFrancis Huger McAdooHarriet Floyd McAdooNona Hazelhurst McAdooSarah Fleming McAdooWilliam Gibbs McAdoo IIIJulia Hazelhurst McAdooRobert Hazelhurst McAdoo

ParentsWilliam Gibbs McAdoo, Sr.Mary Faith Floyd McAdoo

Alma mater University of TennesseeProfession Politician, LawyerReligion Episcopalian

William Gibbs McAdoo, Jr.[1] (October 31, 1863 – February 1, 1941) was an American lawyer and statesman. A political progressive,[2] McAdoo was a leader of the Progressive movement who played a major role in the two presidential administrations of Woodrow Wilson. He was Wilson's campaign manager in 1912; he married Wilson's daughter, and served as his secretary of the Treasury. He was primarily responsible for financing the American side of World War I, providing large loans to the Allies, and running the railroad system inside the United States. He was a leading contender for his party's presidential nomination in 1920 and 1924 and served as senator from California as a Democrat.

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Biography

Early life and careerMcAdoo was born during the middle of the Civil War in Marietta, Georgia, the son of author Mary Faith Floyd (1832–1913) and attorney William Gibbs McAdoo, Sr. (1820–1894). His uncle, John David McAdoo, was a Confederate general and a justice on the Texas Supreme Court.[3] McAdoo attended rural schools until his family moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1877, when his father became a professor at the University of Tennessee.

He graduated from the University of Tennessee and was a member of the Lambda Chapter of Kappa Sigma Fraternity. He was appointed deputy clerk of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee in 1882. He married his first wife, Sarah Hazelhurst Fleming, on November 18, 1885. They had seven children: Harriet Floyd McAdoo, Francis Huger McAdoo, Julia Hazelhurst McAdoo, Nona Hazelhurst McAdoo, William Gibbs MacAdoo III,[1] Robert Hazelhurst McAdoo, and Sarah Fleming McAdoo.

He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1885 and set up a practice in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In the early 1890s, he lost most of his money trying to electrify the Knoxville Street Railroad system.[4] [5] In 1892 he moved to New York City, where he met Francis R. Pemberton, son of the Confederate General John C. Pemberton. They formed a firm, Pemberton and McAdoo, to sell investment securities.

In 1895, McAdoo returned to Knoxville and regained control of part of his bankrupt streetcar company, which had been auctioned off.. In subsequent months, he engaged in a struggle with Ohio businessman C. C. Howell over control of the city's streetcar system, culminating in a bizarre incident known as the Battle of Depot Street.[5] Litigation in the aftermath of this incident favored Howell, and McAdoo abandoned his streetcar endeavors in 1897 and returned to New York.[5]

Around 1900, McAdoo took on the leadership of a project to build a railway tunnel under the Hudson River to connect Manhattan with New Jersey. A tunnel had been partially constructed during the 1880s by Dewitt Clinton Haskin. With McAdoo as president of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company, two passenger tubes were completed and opened in 1908. The popular McAdoo told the press that his motto was "Let the Public be Pleased." The tunnels are now operated as part of the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) system.

His first wife died in February 1912. That year, he served as vice chairman of the Democratic National Committee.

Secretary of the TreasuryWoodrow Wilson lured McAdoo away from business after their meeting in 1910 and he worked for the

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Wilson presidential campaign in 1912. Once he was President, Wilson appointed McAdoo secretary of the Treasury, a post McAdoo held from 1913 to 1918.[6] [7] [8]

He married the president's daughter Eleanor Randolph Wilson at the White House on May 7, 1914.[9] They had two daughters, Ellen Wilson McAdoo (1915–1946) and Mary Faith McAdoo (1920–1988). Ellen married twice and had two children.[10] Mary married three times, but had no children. McAdoo's second marriage ended in divorce in July 1935, and he married a third time, to Doris Isabel Cross, in September 1935.

McAdoo offered to resign after his wedding, but President Wilson urged him to complete his work of turning the Federal Reserve System into an operational central bank. The legislation establishing the System had been passed by Congress in December 1913.

As head of the Department of the Treasury, McAdoo confronted a major financial crisis on the eve and at the outbreak of World War I, July – August 1914.[11] During the last week of July, 1914, British and French investors began to liquidate their American securities holdings into U.S. currency. Many of these foreign investors then converted their dollars into gold, as was common practice in international monetary transactions at the time, in order to repatriate their holdings back to Europe. If they had done this, they would have depleted the gold backing for the dollar, possibly inducing a depression in American financial markets and in the American economy as a whole. They might then have been able to buy American goods and raw materials (for their war effort) at greatly depressed prices, which the Americans would have had to accept in order to restart the economy from a consciously (albeit inadvertently) caused depression.

"A long man with a long head". Puck cartoon, 25 April 1914.

McAdoo's actions at the time were both bold and outrageous. The United States in 1914 was still a net debtor nation (i.e., Americans' aggregate debt to foreigners was greater than foreigners' aggregate debt to Americans). The nations of Europe and their financial institutions held far more in debt of the United States; of many of the states of the Union; and of American private institutions of all kinds, than investors in the United States held in the debt of Europe's nations and institutions in all forms, both

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public and private.

McAdoo kept the U.S. currency on the Gold Standard. He arranged the closing of the New York Stock Exchange for an unprecedented four months in 1914 to prevent Europeans from selling American securities and exchanging the proceeds for dollars, and then gold.

Economist William L. Silber wrote that the wisdom and historical impact of this action cannot be overemphasized.[11] McAdoo's bold stroke, Silber writes, as a first consequence averted an immediate panic and collapse of the American financial and stock markets. But also, it laid the groundwork for an historic and decisive shift in the global balance of economic power, from Europe to the United States; a shift which occurred exactly at that time. More than this, McAdoo's actions both saved the American economy and its future allies from economic defeat in the early stages of the war.

Investors in the warring countries had no access to their holdings of U.S. financial assets at the outset of the war because of McAdoo's actions. As a result, the treasuries of those countries more quickly exhausted all of their net foreign exchange holdings (those that were on hand and in their possession before McAdoo closed the markets), currency, and gold reserves. Some of them then issued sovereign bonded indebtedness (IOUs) to pay for the war materials they were buying on the American and other markets.

Silber wrote that the intact and undamaged American financial system and its markets managed the flow and operation of this financing more easily than they would have without McAdoo's measures, and that U.S. industry swiftly built up to the scale needed to meet the allied war needs. The managed liquidation of foreign holdings of U.S. assets moved the United States to a net creditor position internationally and with Europe from the net debtor position it had held prior to 1915.

In order to prevent a replay of the bank suspensions that plagued America during the Panic of 1907, McAdoo invoked the emergency-currency provisions of the 1908 Aldrich Vreeland Act. William Silber credits his actions for having turned America into a world financial power, in his book When Washington Shut Down Wall Street.[11]

Later political careerAfter the United States entered World War I in April 1917, the United States Railroad Administration was formed to run America's transportation system during the war. McAdoo was appointed Director General of Railroads, a position he held until the armistice in November 1918.

In March 1919, after leaving the Wilson cabinet, McAdoo co-founded the law firm McAdoo, Cotton & Franklin, now known as white shoe firm Cahill Gordon & Reindel. His law firm served as general counsel for the founders of United Artists. He left the firm in 1922 and moved to California to concentrate on his political career.

McAdoo ran twice for the Democratic nomination for president, losing to James M. Cox in 1920,[12] and to John W. Davis in 1924,[13] even though in both years he led on the first ballot.[14] [15] [16]

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While campaigning in the run-up to the 1920 presidential election, McAdoo voiced his support for such measures as injury compensation, unemployment insurance, and the eight-hour workday, while also expressing his support for the idea of permanent federal legislation in the labor sphere, especially concerning unemployment compensation and a minimum wage.[17]

A committed Prohibition supporter, McAdoo's first presidential bid was scuttled by the New York state delegation and other Northern opponents of the banning of alcohol at the 1920 Democratic National Convention.[18] After defeating his chief rival for the nomination, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, McAdoo finally lost the party nomination to dark horse candidate Governor James M. Cox of Ohio when the delegates decided in his favor on the 44th ballot.[19]

The 1924 nomination was notable due to the Ku Klux Klan endorsement of McAdoo, which he did not reject. He served as Senator for California from 1933–38, when he lost his bid for renomination to Sheridan H. Downey. McAdoo filed for divorce from his wife in 1934.[20] Two months after their separation was finalized in July 1935, the 71 year old McAdoo married Doris Isabel Cross, a 26 year old nurse.[21] [22]

McAdoo took a payment of $25,000 from oil executive Edward Doheny in connection with the Teapot Dome scandal, but returned it once he discovered the latter's ties to Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall.[23]

Death and legacy

As treasury secretary, McAdoo's name is on the cornerstone of the U.S. Post Office (built 1919) in La Junta, Colorado.

McAdoo died on February 1, 1941 of a heart attack while traveling in Washington, D.C., after the third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt,[24] and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.[25]

McAdoo was played by Vincent Price in the 1944 biopic Wilson. He is a significant character in the Glen David Gold novel Sunnyside, encouraging Charlie Chaplin to help with efforts to raise funds for World War I before advising him on the formation of United Artists.[26] McAdoo's former home in Chattanooga's Fort Wood neighborhood has been restored and is now a private residence.

The town of McAdoo in Dickens County, Texas, is named for him.[27] McAdoo's Seafood Company, a restaurant in New Braunfels, Texas, also bears his name.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickens_County,_Texashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McAdoo,_Texashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Wood_National_Historic_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanoogahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artistshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnyside_(novel)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_David_Goldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_(1944_film)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Pricehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-timeobit-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemeteryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-nytobit-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloradohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Junta,_Coloradohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Junta,_Coloradohttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Post_Office_(La_Junta,_Colorado)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_B._Fallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_B._Fallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interiorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Dohenyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-time3rdwife-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-nyt1935marriage-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-nyt1934divorce-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheridan_Downeyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Coxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_horsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Conventionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Conventionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibitionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:McAdoo_cornerstone,_La_Junta,_CO_IMG_5693.JPG

McAdoo is quoted as having said, "It is impossible to defeat an ignorant man in argument."[citation needed] And in reference to Warren Harding, McAdoo said his public utterances were "an army of pompous phrases moving over the landscape in search of an idea".[28]

Selected works• William G. McAdoo, The Challenge. New York: Century Co., 1928.• William G. McAdoo, Crowded Years: The Reminiscences of William G. McAdoo. Boston:

Houghton Mifflin Company, 1931.• Craig, Douglas B. Progressives at War: William G. McAdoo and Newton D. Baker, 1863–1941.

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.

See also• List of railroad executives

Footnotes1. ^a b McAdoo is variously differentiated from family members of the same name:

• Dr. William Gibbs McAdoo (1820–1894) – sometimes called "I" or "Senior"2. William Gibbs McAdoo (1863–1941) – sometimes called "II" or "Junior"3. Lt. William Gibbs McAdoo, Jr. (1895–1960) – sometimes called "III"4. ^ Charles E. Neu (2014). Colonel House: A Biography of Woodrow Wilson's Silent Partner.

Oxford University Press. p. 120. ISBN 9780195045505. 5. ^ "Mcadoo, John David". The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association

(TSHA)6. ^ Imjort, et al. (August 22, 1938). "California's McAdoo". Time7. ^a b c Lucile Deaderick (ed.), Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee (Knoxville:

East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976), pp. 216–228.8. ^ Shook, Dale N. William G. McAdoo and the Development of National Economic Policy,

1913–1918. New York: Garland Publishing, 1987.9. ^ "Four Men Certain in Wilson Cabinet; Bryan, McAdoo, Burleson, and Daniels Accept —

Walker for Attorney General". The New York Times. February 26, 1913. p. 1. (subscription required)

10.^ "Cabinet Members Sworn.; McReynolds, Houston, and McAdoo Take Oath of Office.". The New York Times. March 6, 1913. p. 2.

11.^ "Eleanor Wilson Weds W.G. M'Adoo; President's Youngest Daughter and Secretary of Treasury Married at White House". The New York Times. May 8, 1914. p. 1.

12.^ "M'adoo's Daughter Found in Coma, Dies". The New York Times. December 23, 1946.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=990DE3DE163DEE3BBC4B51DFB467838D659EDEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-nytellenobit_10-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E04E0DC173AE633A2575BC0A9639C946596D6CFhttp://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E04E0DC173AE633A2575BC0A9639C946596D6CFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-marrywilson_9-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9B0DE2DF1F3AE633A25754C0A9659C946296D6CFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-nytsworn_8-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B02E2D61E3AE633A25755C2A9649C946296D6CFhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B02E2D61E3AE633A25755C2A9649C946296D6CFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-nytcabinet_7-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-shook_6-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-deaderick_5-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-deaderick_5-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-deaderick_5-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,788346,00.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-timerecord_4-0http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmc01https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195045505https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://books.google.co.uk/books?id=g1IgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA120&dq=McAdoo's+was+a+powerful+progressive+voice+within+the+administration&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ptFhVZ2HA8aS7AaTyYHoBA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=McAdoo's was a powerful progressive voice within the administration&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-2https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Gibbs_McAdoo,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-Namenote_1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-Namenote_1-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_railroad_executiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Hardinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed

p. 11. (subscription required)13.^a b c Silber, William L., When Washington Shut Down Wall Street: The Great Financial Crisis

of 1914 and the Origins of America's Monetary Supremacy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-12747-7

14.^ Bagby, Wesley M. "William Gibbs McAdoo and the 1920 Democratic Presidential Nomination". East Tennessee Historical Society's Publications 31 (1959): 43–58.

15.^ Allen, Lee N. "The McAdoo Campaign for the Presidential Nomination in 1924". Journal of Southern History 29 (May 1963): 211–28.

16.^ Gelbart, Herbert A. "The Anti-McAdoo Movement of 1924". Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1978.

17.^ Stratton, David H. "Splattered with Oil: William G. McAdoo and the 1924 Democratic Presidential Nomination". Southwestern Social Science Quarterly 44 (June 1963): 62–75.

18.^ Prude, James C. "William Gibbs McAdoo and the Democratic National Convention of 1924". Journal of Southern History 38 (November 1972): 621–28.

19.^ William Gibbs McAdoo: The Last Progressive, (1863–1941). ProQuest. 2008. p. 189. ISBN 9780549982326.

20.^ Niall Palmer, The Twenties in America: Politics and History. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2006; p. 23.

21.^ Palmer, The Twenties in America, p. 24.22.^ "Eleanor Wilson McAdoo Divorces Senator At Five-Minute Hearing on Incompatibility". The

New York Times. Associated Press. July 18, 1934. p. 1. (subscription required)23.^ "M'adoo Weds Nurse in Colonial Style; Senator, 71, and Bride, 26, Take Vows in Flower-

Decked Home of Son-in-Law". The New York Times. Associated Press. September 15, 1935. p. 3. (subscription required)

24.^ Staff report (September 23, 1935). "No. 3 for McAdoo". Time25.^ [1][dead link]26.^ ""William G. M'Adoo Dies in the Capital of a Heart Attack; Former Senator, Secretary of

Treasury Under Wilson, Was Railways Director in War; Builder of Hudson Tubes; He Swung 1932 Nomination to Roosevelt — Backed for the Presidency in '20 and '24". The New York Times. February 2, 1941. p. 1. (subscription required)

27.^ Staff report (February 10, 1941). Footnote to History. Times28.^ Gold, Glen David. 2009. Sunnyside. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27068-929.^ "McAdoo, TX" The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA).30.^ Jack Lynch, "Guide to Grammar and Style". Retrieved: 5 June 2011.

Further reading• Broesamle, John J. William Gibbs McAdoo: A Passion for Change, 1863–1917. Port

Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1973.

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9903EEDB163BE33BBC4A53DFB466838A659EDEhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9903EEDB163BE33BBC4A53DFB466838A659EDEhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9903EEDB163BE33BBC4A53DFB466838A659EDEhttp://ethnicity.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/n.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-28http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hlm44https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307270689https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,932527,00.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-timeobit_25-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-nytobit_24-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://digitallibrary.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/item/etd-Chase-2497.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,749058,00.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-time3rdwife_22-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E2D8163EE53ABC4D52DFBF66838E629EDEhttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E2D8163EE53ABC4D52DFBF66838E629EDEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-nyt1935marriage_21-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE4DB153FE53ABC4052DFB166838F629EDEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-nyt1934divorce_20-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780549982326https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9zP2mV_e-MgC&pg=PA189&dq=william+mcAdoo+federal+minimum+wage&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NatTVeCsAe607QbhxYCIAw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=william mcAdoo federal minimum wage&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-prude_16-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-stratton_15-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-gelbart_14-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-allen_13-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-bagby_12-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691127477https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-silber_11-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-silber_11-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo#cite_ref-silber_11-0

• Chase, Philip M. William Gibbs McAdoo: The Last Progressive,(1863–1941) (PhD dissertation, University of Southern California, 2008) online

• Craig, Douglas B. Progressives at War: William G. McAdoo and Newton D. Baker, 1863–1941. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.

• McKinney, Gordon B. "East Tennessee Politics: An Incident in the Life of William Gibbs McAdoo, Jr". East Tennessee Historical Society’s Publications, vol. 48 (1976), pp. 34–39.

• Prude, James C. "William Gibbs McAdoo and the Democratic National Convention of 1924". Journal of Southern History (1972): 621–628. online.

• Radford, Gail. "William Gibbs McAdoo, the Emergency Fleet Corporation, and the Origins of the Public-Authority Model of Government Action". Journal of Policy History (1999) 11#1 pp. 59–88. online

• Synon, Mary. McAdoo, the Man and His Times: A Panorama in Democracy. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1924.

External linksWikisource has original works written by or about:

William Gibbs McAdoo

Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Gibbs McAdoo.• United States Congress. "William Gibbs McAdoo (id: M000293)". Biographical Directory of

the United States Congress. • William Gibbs McAdoo via arlingtoncemetery.net• Who's Who: William Gibbs McAdoo • William Gibbs McAdoo via Tennessee Historical Society• Speeches by William Gibbs McAdoo via Library of Congress• Anthony Fitzherbert (June 1964). "William G. McAdoo and the Hudson Tubes". Electric

Railroaders Association, nycsubway.org. Retrieved 2009-03-14.

Political offices

Preceded byFranklin MacVeagh

U.S. Secretary of the TreasuryServed under: Woodrow Wilson

March 6, 1913 – December 15, 1918

Succeeded byCarter Glass

United States Senate

Preceded bySamuel M. Shortridge

United States Senator (Class 3) from CaliforniaMarch 4, 1933 – November 8, 1938

Succeeded byThomas M. Storke

Awards and achievements

Preceded byAnthony Fokker

Cover of Time Magazine7 January 1924

Succeeded byBishop William Lawrence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lawrence_(Bishop_of_Massachusetts)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_People_on_the_Cover_of_Time_Magazine:_1920shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fokkerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_M._Storkehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_M._Shortridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter_Glasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_MacVeaghhttp://world.nycsubway.org/us/path/hmhistory.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congresshttp://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/nfor:@field(SOURCE+@band(McAdoo,+William+Gibbs,+1863+1941)):heading=Speeches+by+William+Gibbs+McAdoohttp://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=M033http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/mcadoo.htmhttp://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wgmcadoo.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congresshttp://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000293https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Gibbs_McAdoohttps://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Gibbs_McAdoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisourcehttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7807106&fileId=S0898030600003067http://www.jstor.org/stable/2206152https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9zP2mV_e-MgC

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9903EEDB163BE33BBC4A53DFB466838A659EDE&legacy=true

WILLIAM G. M'ADOO DIES IN THE CAPITAL OF A HEART ATTACK; Former Senator, Secretary of Treasury Under Wilson, Was Railways Director in War BUILDER OF HUDSON TUBES He Swung 1932 Nomination to Roosevelt -- Backed for the Presidency in '20 and '24

Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. February 02, 1941,, Section , Page 1, Column , words

[ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ]

WASHINGTON, Feb. 1 -- William Gibbs McAdoo, former Senator from California, Secretary of the Treasury under Woodrow Wilson and builder of the Hudson tubes, died here today at the age of 77.

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9903EEDB163BE33BBC4A53DFB466838A659EDE&legacy=truehttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9903EEDB163BE33BBC4A53DFB466838A659EDE&legacy=true

The Federal Reserve Board of Governors in 1914. Benjamin Strong, Jr., back row, 2nd from right, was a close associate of J. P. MorganSecretary of the Treasury

The Secret Meeting That Launched the Federal Reserve: EchoesWilliam Gibbs McAdoo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Opinion sustaining the authority of W. G. McAdoo, director general of railroads, re general orders 18 and 18-A, and their validity under the Federal-control act approved March 21, 1918, and the constitutionality of said act SIMILAR ITEMS (based on metadata)Revise taxesWilliam Gibbs McAdoo, United States SenatorWilliam G. McAdoo - Biography of a person who figures prominently in ...

William G. McAdooGovernor (Board)1913 - 1918

William Gibbs McAdooBiographyEarly life and careerSecretary of the TreasuryLater political careerDeath and legacy

Selected worksSee alsoFootnotesFurther readingExternal links

WILLIAM G. M'ADOO DIES IN THE CAPITAL OF A HEART ATTACK; Former Senator, Secretary of Treasury Under Wilson, Was Railways Director in War BUILDER OF HUDSON TUBES He Swung 1932 Nomination to Roosevelt -- Backed for the Presidency in '20 and '24Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. February 02, 1941,, Section , Page 1, Column , words