.al{otd

rurtuaaa uD ?.llxoz MD)D uo l,llqd o?41 saLlx.oou,ts

1I 'nozollo{ uxd o lo pua aqtot paxy[ aq ol sx .tallo.t sxtlJ

.a1c6c aqtut. luaaa auo Smaq ,,tno\

atlt tsod 97 ot 97 ruo{paaow sDq alpuDl.l 4uDrc

aqJ 'utDc louoSoruadary lo a1{otd aqt uo tutod

raq8at4 aqt lD sx "Dno"L aLlJ

'a1c6c ,to (uoqn1oaa"t

.Dd sluaaa aaE[ aw a.Laq1'u.toc psuoSotuad aLfl to

a1{o.td atp uo lutod :sa(nolaql fi sx ntzollol n11ot aqa

eoJql elppru eqJ 'spor Ie.r\op uo.,(pq8p]U 01 (petEJrpur sB seloq IIrJC

.la./y\op

(turugZ) ur%I ruo{ (y scsrp e^g tn3.Is.Dc2,ollol puD su,rog Eut4o14J

.acerd eqrgo u8rsep oqt ur Jol-rEJ luEuodrur uB oq rqEru qcrqn 6uorlcu3:

socnpoJ oslu tI .Jo,,!\olloJ eqt ot e8esserus(urer eqt ,{lesrcerd Sudeler ut eloJ InJesne ,(e1d uec oJrlap eqt reqt.{lelurncce elgords.urE3 erll >lcBrt 01 spoeu Je.ry\olloJ er{r ueq,&\.{1uo sl l1 'petecrldruooun ore sruuo eqlesneJoq 'uaes .{yerer sr }l (etutuolne aldrurstsoru uJ 'tr esn ppor{s nott ereq,tr puu uor{ \eururrotep p.tr qceordde luclrrdue uy'selgord Irytuele e^Eq ]Bqt stuec Eur4cu.rletEtrIrJEJ 11ltr

c.re.no11og uld e go pue eql uopoxg (re11o.r Jo Euueeq Euruunr-eerg eqa

re/not[oC reIIoU eql'uuo;.red IIL& tr reueq eqt .Eur.reeq

oql w leuueqc s.ro.^AolloJ eqt .redeep eqltegl reqruoruer (secnep 8un1os-urelqordqcns JoJ ,4^olle tou seop u8rsep rno.,( g1

'senFcgrp oseqleruocJe^o uuc (pa1eacuoc,,(1n3Ue

;O,{1UedOreqtre (.ruq .ro leuud u Burs61 'surac ureuecuo Surunue( Je,l\olloJ eqt qtt.r\ ,suelqo.rd otpEal uE3 lBr{J .uor}38

Jo esBe .4AollB ot eloqB epr.^A oo] IIrJp ot petduet eq deur no.,(puB SurtBJtsruJ sl 1I .,tq8ru eqt uo, >lro.r\tou.{Bru Eul.rueq oqt ur ro,e\olloJ eqtJo UEqs

€8'

Io,r\op oqr (Eur1p.rp-tse] roUB ue^g .fElSsr Eurrueq uepool\ e ur .[u1d, Jo trmoulerp puB (yuualeru asrce.rdrur uB sr poolil

:alu'qeqt qrntu os 'u8rsep rnof ur z{llecrruouo8rr

SWSINVH f, AW VJ\/I{OJNV CNDIVW

MAKING AUTOMATA MECHANISMS

FAR LEFT: The crankshafttutlxs the crank pin, whichraises and lowers the

weighted rod, backwardandforutard, within a

fixed slotted beaing. Thisis called a crank slider.

The crank has conoertedrotating motion intorecilsrocating moion.The amount of tterticalmooement can be seen.

FAR LEFT: The rod at itshighest point is moaingwithin a fixed circularbearing.

There is less lateralmoaement in the circularbearing than in the slottedbearing.

tft dorred bearing version, in an openmbos uithout a base, the rod rides, upfirn. rr-idrin the slot. It is a fairly vigor-Lrrmerrng movement.bcircular bearing version confines thed mt-rdon to a gende nodding. TheE rrarelled and the height gained bymd are exactlv the same as with therdbeanng. The amount of play within

the circular bearing determines the degreeoflateral action.The third version of the crank slider allowsfor experimentation with the use of pegs.The lower the pegs are placed on the pegboard, the greater the side-to-side move-ment. This version combines the actionsoffered by the other two and, at its mostactive, evokes the image of a boat bobbing

85

MAKING AUTOMATA MECHANISMS

As the red leoer is downthe crank beneath is up.While the blue leoer is up,the crank belozp is down.

It can be seen that the

crank merely follows therotation of the handle.As the red lezter is up thecrank beneath is down.Wlrile the blue leaer is

down the crank below

is rp.

Strings or wires are looped looselyaround the crank pins, to allow the pullingup and lowering of weighted levers. If thecranks are offset from each other they canoperate in alternating rhythm.

The most impoftant thing to rememboin making crankshafts is that it is essential udetermine the throw of a crank. This is thrdiameter of *re path it travels in one revoftrtion. Unless you allow for this, ttre mechanism may jam in the bearings box, owhatever device you employ to house 6tcrankshaft. For example, *re dimensions sthe cranks in Plan 5 are not designed uwork with front and back panels, since fttbox is open. With a closed box, the depdrothe box would need to be wider, or 6lcranks smaller.

Making a Double Crankshaft1. Cut a long dowel D, the complete lengil

of the shaft on Plan 5. Cut two shfildowels C, and one for the handle F.

2. Cv five lengths of 5 x 1Omm (%ux'/sd,stripwood, as indicated, for the cratrkB. Drill holes in them to accommdaudowels C, D and F.

3. Position the two cranks, as on the pl4with the shaft, as yet uncut, runniqthrough them with a tight friction ftThis is best done working on a grid,graph paper or calibrated cutting mar nis important to build the crankshaft ar

truly square as possible. Acetate or ce$

lophane are good materials to work oa"

They allow both transparency and protection of the grid's surface from excesrglue.

4. Glue and insert the crank pins C intothe top and bottom of the two cranks Band the dowel handle F, into drtremaining crank B.

5. The left-hand part of the shaft D(coloured red) can be glued into thecranks B. The blue part, however, mrdbe left unglued and detachable to fitinto the bearings box. A tight friction ftis essential here, as otherwise slippagrcould occur.

6. The handle assembly B/F is now gluedmthe shaft D, square to the cranks. Vhemthe crankshaft is completely dry, the trruredundant parts that have been holrting

88

T6

'[1eeg e.roru sued aql

lurp Suunsue (J stelloo lenop rqEu qrmpue JorItIe ru elputds eqr >lf,o-I 'qroq uratllq8no.rp q elpurds Ie^\op E Sun.resut '9re^al alpJo dot uo y req eEe4wl eqr eceld '6

'J lelloo 1e,u,op lqEnB qll^\ tuto( srql ernces pue tCI elputds

aqt 01 uo g Je^ol eql Jo pue euo eJBId'8'g rBq pexu

eql uI (g sutd Ie,^Aop Sullce(o.rd '3uo1

o.{\} eqt o1 tuece(pe '3 ra11oc Ie,4Aop

rqEtr u qtl^a slql eJnJeS 'g JEq paxg

eqt uI eloq luece^ eqr qEnorqr (^(1aar3

(ueql Jo auo uesul Pue '(ul7) ururg

'q selputds Ie,4aop uoqs o^\l aql ]nJ'l'elor{ relno

eql olul H uld Ie.&\op oql onl8 pue tnc

'patectput sB saloq prq 'r(1d ro Ie^\opJer{tre ruo4 'I JSIp urd 4ue.rc eql }n3'9

'g JoAOI oql'lno lnc puu 6ut seloq IFrCI'g

o

I

-I

@e

'oo''oo'

I

'utd puo ?stp qu0"0 :I/Hitapoc pmop :9 ltaaa1 :g

!.mq pax{ :g lsa1puqds

pctzop :e lvapoc p(noq :ClswdTanoP :g lmq

a3o4u:17 :V'tusxuDqcalua3o4u.a7 o 3u14o14J

/ ^IV1II

'T)Dq lt olo'tp

lll(n Luru alo1druoc o Puo

'pwm"to{lt. $rul1l Llxm MnlD rtDH 'fiaal lD)xti,aa aql

{o t.uarua aout apxs -ol-oqxs

D otux szunt mq aSoquty

a7t {o uouoru fuoto't aq1

'.wq Pax{ aqt

uo Swxoatd ,oaal lDcnhaaq1 01 ruautaaocu s"o{suoa

paq)wl0 sx lt qcxqffi 01

"mq a3o4ut1 aqt 'seruxo"L uad

quD,n aqx uaw*l :Jisl ilvt

oo

SWSINVHSAW VJVWOJT

.g Ycolq oqt olur ponF eq

rruufrm trrBo deqa .ue1d eql uo u,troqs se (g,flrlreq !l 01 srql enlc '>lJolq eql ur ssaJeJfllm. lro lnJ A\oN .1 urd >1co1q eql eAreJeJulo ilroq B IIIrp pue ..{

{colq loald tno tn) .?

npmru]p eql fq u,4Aor{s ,, .O ,r.rrr.tJrlil Ittwl msrll 'qr8ua1 ot lnr eJB qcrqzu .s8ed

l||m'lh$,[' o,tU eqt roJ seloq IJrrp puE elBco-Itr {D0trq roard eqr roJ g esBq eql lno lnJ .,

-uro3 E e>leLu uuc req er{J ..req e8e4ull eqluruluoc ot sEed qllrlr ,(gg ailed, aas) acrlepJeprls >luEJJ e sdoldue eEu4ull eqa

.relel aql sl qcrq,tr (1ur1

r{unoJ eril 01 .req eEe>1ur1 ro (4uerc eqlslJeuuof, q)FI,!\ .:eldnoc egl sr prrqt eql:>lueJc eqt sr >lurl puocas eqt ipeuorlueuueaq ,{puerlu sur{ >lurl tsrg oq} fsluro( urd.{q parceuuoo s>lurl rnoJ Jo stsrsuoc ursru-Br{ceru eql creq-rnog ro _eoJr[] reqleq \>1co1q ro,rrd arp ur re^al rqr rrr.lr:r:;;,u,.,,ll (req iireuorlels (olqrsrAur

uB sr qunoJ eqJ'elqrsm eJB sJBq eetqr ,(po ecurs (e8e4ur1

JBq-eerr{] eqt sB ol peileJer seurlouros oslBsr LusruBqf,eru e8uyull JEq_JnoJ er{l (lusru-?rl3etu >luEJ3-crlEJpenb egt sB u,^aou>l osJV

es,,rurf ,"#:'rffJ"""uf

ll_lmlrpul se (se1oq IIITCI

.CI re^el eqr puBT qdnor erp 6g.req e8e>1uq eW lno fiJ.Z

Z6

SJUVd AHJUIISWNN (INVdNO-IO3

'C telloo Ie.&op qtr.4A lr EurluespuE tl ot V ruq eEu4url aql Burqceuu'ryeqs eqt or uo .[pqErl urd >1uu.rc eqtxlg 'gI uEId ur sE (surd eql e^ref,er ol'pol11rp.{peerp (soloq oAEq ppoqs srr{J'xoq s8uueeg er{tJo leued eprs eqr otul'surd 1e,nop o.r\] eqt qt1a\ .g req pexgeqt uosut .rusruuqceru eql elqtuessu oJ.0I

'"t a aal aLfi sut o[ nldnocaw a,Dq02 <1JD LtD O1.U2 SUJq1.

uaql tI '.ta1dnoc aq1 slzau.wq aSoqutl aql anq(D

asdqla uo olux stunt uoxlzDs.quDn aqJ :JHDIA AVC

.LuaLll

sllauuot lDtlt,tDq "oldnocaql {o suoaut 6q ,teaa1 aql

to luawa aou Sutt o11tc s ouD olu? paruFuo.tl s! 4u0tca4t {o uottotoy .stu1o{ u1d{q patcauuoc s4ut1 mo{lost sxsuoc a8oqu.t1 "tD q-"tno I

.(ul,%) ruulllo.ryu reqlo eql pue (urey) uurE (uo ra1e1 pesn eq ol .qlulld oql

**pq a3;u1 oql tseruau o^u eq] teq]Sad eqr uasur puu enlg .V qturld:rmq seloq 8urpuodserroo rnoJ IIIrO .tg*6ad mog erp tnC .xoq sEur.reoq eqiill$@q oW ut soloq Eed 3o uortuf,ol eql

qcrr{^\ (OI UEI.I ol JoJeJ A\oN .gtro rlroqs su .y qturld eqt tno tnJ .I

_ 'qtulld e sernber lr (uoqs ur

Guueeq eqr ,(q poprogB suorsueurrp-no uorsuatxo uE speeu e8eluq .ruq]ql .srusruur{ceur snorlerd eqr e4Uun

';watoqcayy a?oqw7 ffig_rnol aqt Eryqoy41

'uorlEJIrcsoEropEloJ Eurlelsuurl (eprs ol eprs ruoJJ

w

ralal 3r{1 alrq,r\ uor}nloler eteld

{CgW VJVI/VOJOV CNDIVW

'V >loolq uoddns]3^al eqt olur tr onlc .saloq eseqt qloqDruI tg ol 3 urd Io^\op >lrrql eqr ln3) .Et(q17,) ruruz I go rpdep B ot .V >loolq uod,dns re,re1 eql ut eloq eqt qclutu ot aloqI mJe 'CI >loolq uorsuetxe oqt tno fiJ.Z

'(urs7r) ruurg 1

D qrdop E ol (6 uBId uo peterrpurE (eloq E IIIrp pue cuoUeq (xttg7) ursrTr,Eo{ <V >yco1q uoddns rolel eqr tnJ .I

quD"tC ttog aLtx Bu7qo147

"ralcedpoo.tr BJo ter{t srqo^e ol suroes lueura^oul oql uorlJB ouo0oard u otur e8e4url srql Eurrerofuocurlrqzu stlnsar Surdlsltus tnoqe Eur.rq plnoqsnrlelueuuedxe tuerted eruos :runJclrg aqr go uoltrsod eql Eur,roru ,{q euopq osle uuc srrlJ .oEe.re.ta1 reteerE sear8EAarqJB tueurelour eql (uorlJeJrp Jor{lraI spepue]xe sr tueuodruoc peduqs-1 eqr[ :o^el Jo pupl e dllentcu sl e8apq srqa

{uBrc IIag eql

SJUVd IIHJuaswnN (INVdno-ro:)

tspuBr.uslp oq UEJ rusruBqceu eqt teqlB penlEun eserp Jo euo oABa-J .>I slelS 1e.,r,rop qtl,n Eurrncas pue q6no.rqr 1

id lrotq etp Eurssed .d {colq ro.trd aqr

tr q re,te1 eqt Jo pue ee.U eq] uesuJ .I Ig req e8u4ury

F ure,roE ol ,(t uEId tuo{ eperu)eoq Eed eql otur surd Je,uop pepeeq

t- "q, acu14 '1rf urd 4uerc ,qr oi

b g req e8nlurl eqtJo puo eer; erp xl.il .0I'sluro( eql urqtun ,(1eeg s4;orrr

queqceu pecerd-eert1t eqr rerlt eJnsue

I nJpuJds eqt oj staloc e{J entC .Cfuioc eqr Jo pue Jer{ro erfr ot esr^\e{q

P*, O relel or{J .C stelloo o,yu puelpurds u .{q pe4co1 ,{1esoo1 .q reldnoclrepun pax? sl g rcq e8ap[ eqJpuB :) (g sreq eorqt aqt oJqruossv .6

'"oq s8uueaq erpJo eprs eql urIrarno eqt olur (sEed ul-penp eqt

h6

dq .preoq 8ed eqr xrd .srusruuqreru eqlq8norqr .ecuenbes ur .Euupozn e.re no.{3rfpee.rp pelllrp pue lnc ueoq eAEq ppor{sslr{J 'e3e4ur1 JEq-rnoJ oq} Jo uor}B-.redo eqt 01 Iertuesso e-re s8ad puu pruoq8ed reprls >luBro eqJ .1, uEIcI or raJed .g

'y qruqd aqtur sEed eqt ot uo xoq s8uueaq eql sserd'pue slr ol 1/[ urd luerc eqt xg puuxog sSur:eag eql g7notql AeqsluzJc eq)

uasul 's&ed pexg otu:u eW qlltr .u,uoqsse 'y qlurld aql olur g7g 4co1q rozrrdeqt lols (rusruuqceru eqt alqtuessu oJ .Z

'-JJlestl Ieag.{\ eqt pue .y re11oc

Je,{op eqt 6f Je..rop uld >Jue.rc aql :nC.g

'1 urd 1co1qerp roJ le,lrrop reSuol e ]nJ .11 selpurdsIe,4Aop o,4At puB c slellos Ie.{^op xrs ln) .E

.Ppow s?1,11 uo(u17) ruwg7 saaout,dol.

aqt ru loaq aqt {o uoano

11nd-qsn('ptuozuoq aqa

'dol alp to c"taaal aqt.

ot mq a3o4ut1 ary 3u7u1o[

tuauodtuoc padqlls-T otlxtq paaau1co s? sxqJ .uoztout

ap?s-ol-apxs D olu? uoxl.otu

umop-puo-dn uD sh4DaSozlug quD"o lpq aLlJ

\ruGJ

SWSINVH )AW VJVWO JNV CNDIVI,{

96

.uIoql tgot suld Ie.&\op (ur%) rulug Uasul puB tnJ'v srEIIrd eqt ur 1n3 no^ seloq eql qclBru01 g >lrolq Jo seprs eql ur seloq IIrrcI't

'peuesulEuudsgo ezrs eq],(q peunuretep eq lsnuratatuBrp t)Bxe eqJ 'q Suuds er{t roJ

'g {colq ut eloq - (wly) rrlrug *,ry\ollBr{s

E IIITCI '3lg {)olq leqctEr ar{t lno $J'z'uI eseql enlc

'sle^\op (ur7) rutug tnc o.&\1 eAreJeJ ot'peuorlrsod,{11ertuec

(soprs Jrer{t ur saloq

IT.UC '0I uEId uo polef,rpw se 6rueql

ut seloq Ilrrp puB 'y s;e1pd o^\1 tno ]nJ 'ItlqwossV rcr4)lDy aLF 8ryqoyg

'1^rrted 8um-lrp oqt;o qsnd qceo roJ peuorlrsod dltcer-:oc (ece1d rq8u eqt te sdols Ieeq.^A eql leqlsernsue qrF{^\ (1,uud .{.retuourelddns eqr'uuu .rapoqs B sr Ieeq.r\ eqr ,&\oleg 'pJE.4aJoJ

Iaaq,4A per{otou eqt Surqsnd (urd >1ue.rc eqluo suJnt r{clql\ '1med Suuup oqt (uuu Suole dq peura.to8 sr ursruuqceu taqJtEr eqJ

'spuocesrq8re se4el e1c.{c auo 'erur} B 1B puoJes E

'ies 'ty 'qclou euo pJB,^aroJ Ieoq,r\ ]eqcleraql 3ur.loru uorlnloleJ euo qlr.{,\ (seturl

:q8te peu.rnl eq ot speeu >1ue.rc eqt 'e1c.{calor{^A erp elelduoc ot JepJo uI 'loar{.4a orlluo qteet 1r{3ro eru eJeqt Iepou srqt uO

'leeq1!\ loqf,lBr er{] uo qloolJo reqrunu eql-iq peurolo8 sr uorloru pedders lo (tueulur

-r31ur srgJ 'e1crb u elelduroc 01 qsrr{.,t uraurq eJoru acerd e eru8 uec pue snonurluoorou sr tuql luerueloru serlddns toqctBJ er{J

SIAHCI\ilU

SIUVd IIHJUASWNN CINVUNO-IOf,

'eteredo puedot uo V relel aql e)EId 'CI {Jolq uors-uatxe eqt otur ') uld Ie,trop pexg slrpue 'V >1co1q rroddns Jelel eqr uesul'gI

'uotltsod

ux lt sqcol t1cu1m layoc 1a(rzop aLll

puo urd quo"tc aqt lmod Suraup az,lJ

w

'1nod aqt {o apxsrapun aq1 puDq?on aql ux sapq orut pary8-ndns

st Suuds aqJ 'qcolq aql uo

pauou.tsod st lnod rttoluarualddnsatll onq Sutnoqs lxwa1 :aAogv

'uounloaal ,.tad qclou auo

p,wmto{ saaow s?tlJ 'paLlnz

rcqilDr aqt SuEoEua '8uudso tq pauoddns '1mod

Cmruawalddns aqt s ozol,ls

$lEaasso qcolq nlprut a?4J

'4?Dq

3u1dd1;1s u,to,t{ t1 Smqcaqc

lnod rt.Lotuarualddns opuo pmmto{ paqoz pllzlDr

aqt Bmqsnd pod 8rya1ryo $q paaau4co st stt41'Quo uoucanp auo ut

puca$a aq 01 l.uau.Daoru

Smlqoua'1aaqmpaqclou D sx l.aqcrut a14J

SWSINVHC gW VJ\/WO JTTV CNDIVW

MAKING AUTOMATA MECHANISMS

(.

ABovE: Testing lezters can be simply done by using cut-out card and pins.

A shows a pear-shaped cam, which produces much the same perforunance

fur the leaer as B, the eccentric disc, does for its leter. By experimenting

oith the pin holes, you can quickly and cheaply test the best positions foryour mechanism.

ltBow RIGHT: The slotted lezLer's positiae contact with the crank pin does

ut depend on gratity, but mooes within its restricted channel.

Restricted and LJnrestrictedI-versThe essential thing to remember when mak-irg levers is to construct their pivot points so

ttat when the piece is moved or handled,fte levers do not fall out of position. If youre using a pivot block in which to house thelever, ensure that the slot is deep enough toallow freedom of action, but not so deep-'^t it does not act as a stop to prevent thelwer from flying offthe crank pin.

The advantage of the restricted, slottedlever is that, with or without a pivot block,

the path of the lever is always controlledwithin its channel.

Making Sbtted and Plain Levers

l. Cut out the lever support block A, from20mm ('%uin) batten, and drill holes as

indicated on Plan 15.

2. Cut two thin dowel pins and glue these

into the two small holes in the lever sup-port block A.

3. Cut out the short pivot block B. Drillholes for the support peg and spindle I.Cut out the slot for the lever.

The performance is

similar to the cranhshaft'sstring-operate d'no ddingdonkey', although here

it is driaen within itsrestricted Limit.

107

Erl

'rauulu pallols

puo uld Yuo"t) :f, luld qxx(z

,ouu?u puD tuD) :I :"Quuru

atp. {o osDoPt ,8utPPou,puo fizols o Sutat8 nuurupadot4s puo utd 4uotc :g

! a?pa e{ru4 l.lltlz .touuru

puD tao) :g lluaruaaoul

tuanxttualux Sutat8

'talutru aql {o asoala,t

uappns puo Paddatstlttm utd quo"tc alqnoq

)ul.uana :g lluaruaaoru

luautluJalut 7u1a.a8

'"tauuru {o asDaP"t uaqqns

puD ozols qnn utd yuo,tc

)u|.uaJ)a :g lluawaaorusnonuxxuo? 3u7a13'P o"t

Suucauuoc quffz 7uD,u

culuana :q lluawaaowsnonuuuo) Suta8 "n crtollo{

l.luor )sxp )ulu?JJA :C

lxuawaaoru snonuxluo)

qilm utd Tuo"tc cul.ua??a :g! Jua ruo aou.t snonuxl.u o c

Lp?cn )sw ?uluacca :vstLt*UDqCaw

a.Ln?Dxutw

9I NWzI

SWSINVH ]AW VJVWO JNV CNDIVW

EII

'1.SXl.DtUOlnD

aql 01 ln{asn $ponadsa

sutsxuDq)aM uaalaulN:?IDV] ZJISOJ]O

'educse eql

JO UOr]3eJrp esJeAeJ aql uI sr uorlBloJagJ 'sruJB su Jo spua eql 18 SurdEsse

rate,r\ eqt Jo uortceeJ erp ^q

peululqosr uEqs ^\olloq IErluef, eqr Jo uonorufuutog 'ilFu uollf,Eer ro s.Je>lJBg'6I

'llBJ poJ er{} tel puE >l3Br1 eqla^Bel r{13e1 sll Illun poJ eID eslBr o1 >lcBJ

eqr dn selour uorurd paqroor petulrtnruar{J 'UEr{s Surtetor Iutuozlror{ ruo4paluep slleJ elrssnoJed pcruen'dtuels'8I

'puBq

eqr Jo uorser{pu e,rordun ol peqctoueaoor8 stl qrl.ry\ felnd pe,roorE-n y'11

puBq punoJ B JoJ

.,(e11nd peloor8-n pereJrns-qtoorus V'gI'puBq

punor u ro3 .{e1pd pa.roorS-e.neouoc V'EI .do1S

E^euec eql Jo uoEEJgrpolu reqlouv'7I'dols erp sE selres g Iaoqt\ erlrJo q

'u ued polrnc xeluoo eqa 'dn Surpur.tuI suortnlo^al Jo Jaqunu er{l }rurlot sor{f,te.4a uI pesn 'dotg e.teueg eql'tI

'JEq IEcr]JeA eq] o1 ue,uE sr drrcole.r elqe

-uBAJo uouour JEeUI[lceJ B cuue peuolspe^Jno erp Surrfurec +Bqs eqr Equnr f,g'Zt

'0I'oN ur rl!\oqs lols aqlglrzrr Sursuedsrp (4uurc uretu ar.p ol porSuucauuoc arfi r{JBUB o} pasn sl {ullE r{crl{ \ q 'gI'oN Jo uoltef,glpour V'II

'ramodgo uorssrru

-suerl eql JoJ elgernoluJ lsoru slurodasorp tB >luBrc ururu eqtgo e8ere.te1 eqtSursearcur tltqro lecrldtllo uE uI selolrrpoJ er.D Jo pue aqr te urd eqt (trqro rBI

-n3Jrc B ur se^olu >luBJr lsrg etp eIIl[\'por Eurlceuuoc erues er{} ol per{oullu

'1ue.rc puoces e Euriirrec UBgs B

sl rezvrod Eurlour eqr puB >luErf, lsrg oqluee,4atag '>luBJ3 eI{]Jo lols 3ID uI s>lrol!\

teql urd u seq re.tlod Eur,tour Eurtecor-drcar eqt qly!\ rl st3euuoJ teql por 8ut-t)euuoJ eqr pue 'guqs eql ot per{)Bltesr uel eql uo {uBr3 peuols eqJ'0I

'a>loJts qcBs JouorlBururrel eqt 18 lseJ lE urBrueJ ol poJerlr s.4aollB rols egJ 'por Eurloeuuo) otp

01 uollour or;-puu-ot e sear8 urd luerreqt Eurfurec JSIp egt Jo uolleloJ stLL'6

'{rrBrr IIe(loql ul rols eqr JoJ palnlllsqns Eutaq porSurlceuuoc B '1,'oN Jo uolteJglpour V'8

'>IuBrJ IIeq eqrJotols eqt ur Eur4rom csrp Eurlulor aqt uourd >1uerc eql

^q (uoEour reeurlncar 3ur

-lsuJellE elqEIJE^ olul uollour JBImJIJ'l'leoqr\ peqroot eqt ur Eurterado pue

(4uulc ileq eqr ol peqre]le lmud aqr 3o

suueru [q uotlotu JBIncJIc lueulrrrJalulotur uoltour rBeuIIE)eJ Surtecordrcall'g

'.,(e1pd arp reaoSurssed proc perqSle^\ B tI ol peqJBuBsur{ qorr{.&\ Jo pue JoIilo erp 6>1uerc

laqagl Jo pue auo uodn cstp &etor atp uospnts eqtJo uolloe eqt

^q (uotlotu reaurl

-rtcer Eurleurellu otw uouour rEInJJr3'S't'oNJo uolleJglporu xalduroc aroru V'I

'req Ietuozuoq eqrJo osrelurl EuuetuerpolqBue^ e secnpo:d (peI{rBuB srrd luerqlurr 'sreeE rnds o.ut eql Jo uollBlor at[I '[

'euu1d aures etll uI sI srxB

osor{l!\ Jer{touE or sel8ue-rq8lr tB UBgsE ruo{ uol}our EuruttusuurtJo po(peu V'Z

'uoltour luerc dreutPr6 '1

'898I ul peqstlqnd sluatuaaow 7a-xuDl,lcaw uaaas puD patpunH aa?cr s(Ir1Y\oJ€

'a fuueg ruo4 ue>lel eJE stsnatuotne eqot InJOSn ,{llercedse eJB qrlr{.4t (.tto1eq putausoddo polsll stusluetlcoru ueetarru eql

SWSINVHSITTTfVNOIII(I(I!

'sqoml eqlJo uolleredo .{see tog uedo ga1 s

>peq eqJ 'xoq eqr 01 pq eqr eJnsos 01 qJB(erp te se8urq sserq puB 'tuor; eql tE pll 3q01 s^\ercs puB soq3lBl ssBJq ol!\l xlg 'BaJl

eprsu eql Jo ezIS IBru3B 3q1 s^\oqs rrBI(

eqJ'pesolr pll erp rp1at' (ul%I x%9xOt'.utnrL7 x gbl x hgz en (eutd (utoy) uu1uroq opulu 'xoq eqt Jo suolsueu{p eqI

'surslueqrour eqr Eqqlnolnoqlr^r esolc ol alq8 eq oslE lsruu P{ eq.I'sqorq pBeq eql Surqcnot rnoqtl t leg at

SWSINVHSAW VJ\ilWOJOV CNDIVW