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TRANSCRIPT
Effects of Great Depression
European countries felt the effects after WWl and the Great Depression.
Germany, Italy, Japan and Spain all fell under the control of Facists. Fascist believe that the
government is more important than individual rights.
Germany Rises
Treaty of Versaille, from WWI, left Germany struggling.
After WWI, a democracy was established, but the economy fell in 1923. Inflation – a rapid rise in prices (income does
not keep up)
Hitler and the Nazis National Socialist
German Workers Party (NAZI), led by Adolf Hitler, criticized the democratic government.
Hitler was a good speaker and persuaded the people that he had the answers.
Hitler as Chancellor His first rise to power
was as chancellor. A chief minister of
Germany Won majority of seats in
Germany’s parliament Called himself “der
Fuhrer” meaning “Leader” Destroyed the democratic
process in Germany Germany recovers
economically
Hatred of Jews Hitler preaches that
Jews were to blame for Germany’s problems
He called them traitors
Jews slowly lose their citizenships, jobs, eventually their homes and their lives.
Other Countries
Italy – under the dictatorship of Mussolini
Spain – Facist rule of Franco Leads to Spanish
Civil War
Japan gains control of Asia
America’s response
America chooses to stay isolationist
The Great Depression was enough to handle and they couldn’t afford war
Neutrality laws prohibited the selling of weapons to other countries
Roosevelt believed it was important to be aware and not turn a blind eye.
The German Empire(Third Reich)
In 1938 Germany went into Austria and declared it part of the German Empire.
Two times before Germany tried to build an empire (reich), hence, this was the “third reich.”
No one tried to stop Hitler, though it went against the Treaty of Versailles.
As Hitler continues to advance, European leaders agree to a meeting.
European leaders give in to Hitler’s demands.
Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken Glass”
Nazis set fire to Synagogues. Broke into
Jewish homes Destroyed
businesses. Set up death
camps.
Holocaust
Nearly six million Jews were killed in Concentration or Death Camps.
US joins war
US doesn’t join war until Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
December 7, 1941
“date that will live in infamy,” says Roosevelt.
How America Responds
America steps up war supply production
Gives jobs
Women join the workforce as men fight.
General Motors increases production
People join together for the war effort
Save money to fund the war
Food and supplies are “rationed.”
Propaganda
Response continued
Japanese Americans were put in detention camps.
General Eisenhower commands Allied armies
Decides to defeat Hitler first.
Invades Italy and France. – D-Day June 6, 1944 – moves toward Germany
Yalta Agreement Roosevelt elected for
4th term in 1944.
Allied leaders meet in 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree on a plan for Germany’s surrender
This is the Yalta Agreement.
Yalta Agreement cont.
Russia agrees to fight Japan.
Germany to be divided into four zones.
Soviet Union to hold democratic elections in Eastern Europe.
United Nations to be created.
End of War
Roosevelt dies suddenly in 1945.
Truman becomes president.
Hitler commits suicide and Germany surrenders.
Atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.
Truman becomes president
Truman demands a “total surrender” of Japan
Japan does not surrender
Truman drops bomb on Hiroshima
Still no full surrender
Another bomb is dropped on Nagaski
Hiroshima atomic blast
Nagasaki before bomb
Nagasaki after bomb
End of WWII
Bombs kill more than 130,000 people
General MacArthur accepts surrender of Japan in Sept. 1945.
WWII ends.