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f/MTeachLearn and1983NUMBER 8

CONTENTS Cover: Old man in the Ciskei Picture, by Alf Khumato

For the love of tennis: ...................................................................................................................... 1

Ciskei. the backyard of apartheid :................................................................................................ 4

'T h e world must know what is happening in the Ciskei............................................................ 11

Danger at Work: the new law: ................................................................................ .. ' .............. 14h ' , I

$ iQ f~ ■-,'-Letters from our readers:....................................................................................... * ........................17

^ i- ~i r IIf*, --The man history will never fo rg e t: ................................................................................ ................ 18

Tne struggle to read and write in Nicaragua: ..............................................................................21

"Bury me with my saxophone"....................................................................................................... 26

English Lesson: ..................................................................................................................................29

Sloppy -the family m a n :................................................................................................................. 35

What is the LEARN and TEACH organization?The Learn and Teach organization helps adults iearn to read and write. People learn in

groups. Learn and Teach heips people start learning groups. We find a co-ordinator (teacher) for the group and we train the co-ordinator.

We also help groups after they start. We visit groups very often to help them And we print books for groups to read.

A*In the groups people iearn to read and write in their own language. People learn in Sf ’ “o r Xhosa, Zulu, Pedi, Venaa, Tswana end Tsongi?. When people can read and write in their own language, they learn to read and write in English.

We work with groups in many places. We work with groups in Soweto,Rand, Pretoria and Northern Transvaal. We also work with organizations Durban and Cape Town.

Do you want to know more about learning groups?

-Write to: -Learn and Teach Or come to see us at:9th Floor SARB House P.O. Box 11074 80 Commissioner StreetJohannesburg (Cnr Simmonds Street)2000 1 Johannesburg

Telephone: 834-4011 o r 834-5939Published by Learn and Teach, 901 SAR8 House. 80 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg 2001

Printed by Studio Press, 39 Heidelberg Road, Johannesburg.

Johannesburg, fas' that he.o it -ners ir

LEARN AND TEACH

When Jane 'Skapie ' Muso was 23 years o ld , she fe ll in love - tw ice. First, she fe ll in love w ith tennis. And then she fe ll in love w ith her coach. She married him tw o years later.

Today Jane Muso is 56 years old and a grandm other. But she hasn't fo r -gotten anyth ing. Just a few months ago, she beat a 19 year old champion.

And Jane .s t ill has he? own style. When she hits a backhand, she st.ii lifts her back leg - and throw s her bum to the sky. But tha t's how old 'Skapie' plays. And she's too o ld to change.'

Jane was born at the o ld location in Krugersdorp. "T h ey call it something else now ,” says Jane. "W hites live there today. We planted the seeds - and they to o k over."

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Jane always liked sport. She started w ith go lf. But she found golf too slow. Then she played basketball. But she got tired o f the o ther girls - they were always jo ltin g and never d id th e ir best. So Jane tried tennis. She liked tennis. She d id n 't try any-th ing else.

Jane started late. But she caught up q u ick ly . She won her firs t big t it le a coupie o f years later. She won the same t it le three years in a row. N obody had ever done th a t before!

"W hen I won the t it le fo r the th ird tim e, they called me to the ir o ffices ," says Jane. "T h ey to ld me they were stopping the tit ie - because they were tired o f me w inn ing all the t im e ."

For the next 20 years or so, Jane hardly ever lost a game. So Jane knows a b it about tennis. She has her ow n ideas. And she is no t scared to ta lk about them . She ta lks straight - just like she hits a ball.

She says th ings like : " I f I played on Sundays, I always to ld m y husband no t to touch me from Thursday. I d o n 't like m ix ing sex w ith tenn is ."

A nd : " In the beginning I played m ostly w ith a man by the name o f Johannes Kohl. I 'll never forget tha t old bastard. He has a fo o tb a ll club now. He always beat me - because I d id n 't know the ru les!"

"Skapie" in action.

2 LEA RIM AND TEACH

56 years old and still a champion

Jane has another big love. She ioves ch iid ren. She doesn't know how m any children she really has. She has her own children - and dozens o f ch ild ren she has taken o f f the street.

"Som e o f m y ch ildren s till remember m e ," says Jane. "O th e r children have fo rgo tten about me. But as long as the y can stand on the ir own tw o feet. I'm happy."

Jane has fed many kids in her tim e. And it was never easy. She never made much money from tennis. She w orked as a domestic w orke r fo r a long tim e. And when she got divorced, times were really hard.

Tennis d id n 't make Jane nch. But tennis has given her o ther th ing r. She has seen the w orid . She has done tc places like B loem fonte in and Port E lizabeth. And tennis has does her another big favour: she is s till f it , firm and fresh. " I 'm on ly a size 35. Most women my age are three times fa tte r than me,” says Jane w ith a tw in k le in her eye.

That's it ! It's tim e to leave o ld 'Skapie '. By the w ay, if you ever go to Kagiso, pay her a visit. She's nice and she'll give you a laugh fo r sure. But d o n 't go on Sunday. She's playing tennis!.

3 LEARN AND TEACH

V<T /• *c ■ T — (

5 LEARN AND TEACH

WELCOME TO THE CISKEI

6LEARN AND TEACH

iy, f

The Transkei was first, then came Bophuthatswana, and then Venda. And on December 4 1981, Apartheid got a new backyard. They called it the Ciskei.

The people d idn 't want the Ciskei. Who wants a country w ith nothing? Only disease, h u n g e r , no jobs and police who can lock you up - fo r as long as they Jike.

Things went wrong from the beginning. When they lifted the new blue and white flag for the firs t time, the pole fell down. They tried again - and the pole fell down again.

The whole world laughed. But some people d 'dn 't find It funny - like corpora! Ngcoho, the men who knocked do'vn the pole.

Vv'hat happened to him? "H , was drunk. We have done away w ith him ," said the "president's" brother, a few months later.

o o o o o

The Ciskei began w ith a sick joke. But the joke did not last very long. The people suffered from the very beginning. And since July this year, things have got much, much worse. People are being killed and tortured,

• LEARN AND TEACH

raped and beaten - all because they buses, police and soldiers used their w on 't use the buses anymore. guns. When the people at Fort Jackson

station did not get into the buses, The people in Mdantsane stopped using Sebe's boys started shooting. People buses when the fares went up. say 90 people were killed and many Mdantsane is a big township outside hundred were hurt.East London. It is part o f the Ciskei.

The Ciskei "government" are doing Most people don 't have money fo r everything to make people use the higher bus fares. People began to use buses. They have arrested the people's trains and taxis instead. They said they leaders. And they have arrested w on 't use the buses until the fares hundreds o f people. Their jails are fu ll, comedown. Now they take people to the Sisa

Dukashe sport's stadium - where Sebe's Now the police are trying to force the boys beat and to rtu re the people, people to use the buses. Police andsoldiers sit on the trains. Road blocks They have also banned a big trade stop cars and taxis. Sebe's men pull union called the South African Allied people out o f the cars and beat them Workers Union (SAAWU). ThousandsUp, o f workers in East London are

members o f SAAWU. Most o f these One week after people stopped using workers live in Mdantsane.

Empty buses in the Ciskei.

8 LEAPN AND TEACH

The stadium of horror • behind these walls, people are beaten and tortured.

They have arrested many of SAAWU's leaders. And they- have also arrested people from other trade unions.

Sebe's boys are everywnere. They raid the trade union office every few days.They go from house to house - looking for SAAWU T.Shirts, membership cards, political books and newspapers.

Now the people are b itte r and angry. When Sebe said he would make the fares a b it lower, the people were not interested. They still crowded into the trains and taxis. They still walked fo r many miles - in sun or rain. The people w on't ta lk or listen until their leaders are free.

"When the fares went up, the people chose a committee to talk to the bus' company,” says one o f the people's leaders. "We were ready to talk and listen. The company said they w on't

LEARN AND TEACH

Lennox Sebe.

j s So we went back to the V. • dec.-: to stop using the

'■'/Nov. Sebe’s men have killed many >eopie A id nearly the whole committee ir in ]3 The people are in an angry muod. They w ill not talk peace until hr- , leaders are free."

The people the Ciskei live in.fear. But they are strong and united. The buses are empty - t “ e bus company is losing m illions o f rands. And now thescho-:. 'ch ild ren in Mdantsane and Duncan V.ucge l '3ve joined the irparents in the st'-ggle. They have=?• -. -v. ;•:> ng ctassss.

;*st m o r.t\, twelve organizations t ie country started a

to rip*r tne people in theske . Tr-sy also :.-■, Seoe must allow hAVvL to carry on w ith it's work, nese oigan zstions

United D e r r .c n rc Front (UDF) Sc-"h '■ frican AU.ed Workers Union (SAAVvJ)

j . Council c-f ">n? o f South Africa (CUE A;

4. Fed- i.Jth African TradeUn- .•• . U)C om 1’^ . Catering and Allied Wor'- r* ■ nion (C AWUSA)

5. African, '■ oor- end Canning WorkersU nior {A F C WU)Soutb AT'cen Chemical WorkersUnU>r (SACWJ)

2 Ce-er. ,?n •; A ; Workers Union'G A tfSo.;*’ ’ A ;ric^n {sundry and Dry-

Wr. n -5rs S. lion (SALDWU)

*10. South African Scooter Drivers Union (SASDU)

11. Orange Vaai Genera! Workers Union (OVGWU)

12. Detainees Support Committee (DESCOM)

The committee is helping the people ofCiskei in two ways.

* They want everybody to tell their fellow workers and friends what is happening in the Ciskei. They want the world to know what is happen-ing in the Ciskei.

* They are collecting money in their un on and community organi 2ations for the people ir. C»skei.The peep1''1 in Ciske: 'eally do need hu:r . M en '/ bred- a risers are hurt

or m jaii. Rents m „st be paid a^o ch ic'en must be fed.

Dc you want to help ihe peopieoftheCiskei. Write to:

SAAWU and Border Sc1 idarityCommitteeP.O. Box 25063F E R RE IRASTOWN204S

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The world must know what is happening in the Ciskei ”

Ac I was taking o ff my nightdress, o".e o f the men came into the bedroom, he assaulted me w ithou t reason. When I walked out, they h it me from behind. I fell on my face.

Outside the men were beating up my brother. They were making a joke of it. The neighbours were watching. They couldn't do anything.

Then they took us to the Sisa Dukashe Stadium. In one o f the changerooms. the beatings carried on. We found many other people there. My brother's bodv was blue from the sjambok. They made him lie down on the hard floor.

They let us go at one o'clock the next day - 15 hours after they arrested us.”

SOLOMON S STORY:Solomon 'S 64 years old. He1 is a fathe’ o f three children.

Seme's men broke her leg.

NOMBEKO'S STORY:"Sebe's men came to our house in the middle o f the night. They were looking fo r my sister. They said she was a spy fo r SAAWU. I to ld them I had just come from Grahamstown and I d idn 't know where my sister was.

"They toid me to get dressed. They said they were taking me to jail - becsjse I d idn 't want to tell the tru th .

" i was walking w ith a group from the railway station. A big cruck fu ll of these people stopped in front of us.

Everybody started running away but the police caught up w ith me. W ithout any questions, they hit me w ith sticks. About eight policemen were h itting me. One of them asked me why we were travelling by trains and not using the buses. I told him buses were not used.

11 LEARN AND TEACH

V

When the men were finished. Solomon's legs were broken. He also had four cuts on the head and a broken finger.

PHILADELPHIA'S STORY:"The curfew starts at half past ten at night. But at 9 o 'clock, men w ith sticks, sjamboks and iron rods came into the shebeen. They started h itting us. I d idn 't go to the police. They don't really care. In any case, they're all friends.”

VUYISILE 'S STORY:" I was tortured at the stadium fo r five days. They handcuffed me. While I was hanging from the ceiling in the change- room, they beat me."

THEMBINKOSI'S STORY:" I was taken to the stadium. They handcuffed my hands to my feet. They made me swing fo r tw o hours from a rod between two tables."

DESMOND'S STORY:"Poiicemen ordered the taxi driver to stop as we entered Mdantsane. They to ld us to get out.

As we got out they started h itting us w ith sjamboks and truncheons. They made us squat in the road. They told us to use the buses not taxis. Then they h it us again and again."

attacked rry w ife and ! w ith bctors.

"They came again on August j : 1 anc sa d they d idn 't beat me properly the first time. A man and two soldiers kicked me and dumped me in the boot o f their car.

"When we arrived at the Sisa Dukashe Stadium, I was handcuffed and hung from the ceiling. They beat me for over an hour. When they were finished, I couldn't walk. They kept me in the dressing rooms fo r five days. They d idn 't let me see a doctor.

(Another man, Mr D, saw Vuyisile at the stadium. He saw Vuyisile lying on his stomach in a to ile t. He said. "Vuyisile was bleeding so much that blood flowed out o f his shoes").

SOME OTHER STORIES:Shepherd said they broke his jaw w ith an iron rod after they forced him into a bus.

Lulama has a broken leg - she said three policemen hit het w ith a baton.

Esther needed six stitches on her

head after six policemen hit her w ith batons. They got her when she crossed a road. She was o ft work for four days.

VUYISILE'S STORY:•"I was beaten up twice by men dressed in plain clothes and uniforms. They first came to my house on August 6tn. They kicked my dooi- down and

Sheila said police broke her arm with a rifle when they threw her onto the bus. Two days later, the police caught her and pushed her to a waiting d u s . "They hit me again on my injured arm ," she said.

12 -EA R N AND TEACH

THE WORK OF SEBES MEN

A 64 year old man with two broker, legs.

"They hit my arm with a rifle".

13 LEARN AND TEACH

DANGERS A? W Qm

THE NEW LAW14 ' EARN AX'D TEACH

Accidents and sickness at work are a big problem fo r workers. Every year 300 thousand workers get hurt at work. And many thousands o f workers get sick because o f dust, dangerous chemicals, heat and noise at work.

Only last month, 65 worKers were killed in a big accident on a coal mine at Hiobane in Natal.

Many workers and their trade unions are worried about the dangers ai work.

They say many bosses don 't care enough about the health o f wcrkers.

Now the govenment has made a new law about health and safety at work. This new law is calied the Machinery and Occupational Safety Act (MOSA). The government did not speak to the workers or the ir unions before they made this law.

Factory owners do not have to use the law yet. Later this year the government w ill te ll the bosses to use the law in their factories.

Mines and explosive factories do not have to use the new law. Other factories can w rite to the government and ask not to use the law. Many factories w ill do this.

The new law called MOSA says many things about how to make factories safe. But many workers and worker leaders are worried about the new law. They say MOSA w ill help the bosses more than the workers.

They say workers should look at the new law. They should look at it care-fu lly - so that they are ready when the bosses must use the law in the factories.

This is what the new law says.Factory owners must make their factory safe to work in. (The new law does not say how they must make the factories safe).

A ll new machinery must be safe.

Workers in dangerous jobs must get clothing to protect them.

Workers must not pr. { lo r prote-Ttive clothing.

The law also says that every factory must have safety representatives and safety committees. Workers and trade umons are worried about these safety representatives and committees. So what does the law say about them?

SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES

MOSA says all big factories must have safety representatives. Factories must have one safety representative for every 50 workers. Factories w ith under 20 workers do not need safety reps.

The safety reps must be people who work in the factory. They must check the factory once a month and te ll the boss about any dangers in the factory.

The safety reps must also tell the boss if workers do not use safety clothing and safety equipment. Workers who do not use these can get a fine o f up to R2000 or 6 months in jail or both.

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The law is not clear about who chooses the safety representatives. Many factory owners think the law says they must choose the safety representatives. This is not true. The factory owners must only tell the government who the safety reps nre. So workers can choose their own reps or the bosses can choose the reps because the law is not clear on this.

Trade unions say workers must try to choose their own reps. But workers can only choose their own reps when they have a strong trade union in the factory.

HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMITTEESThe law says every factory with more than 50 workers must have a safety committee. Factories must have one safety committee for every 100 workers. The bosses can have more committees than this if they want to.

All safety reps must be members of the safety committee. The safety commi- tee can ask doctors and engineers to join the safety committee.

Again the law does not sav the bosses must choose the people for the safety committee. The bosses must only tel! the government who the members of the safety committee are.

The safety committees have no real power. They can only ask the bosses to do things to make the factory more safe. They can also ask the factory inspectors to do things about stopping accidents and sickness in the factory.

But the government has very few inspectors. One inspector must visit nearly 1000 factories. So the govern­ment w ill not check the factories very often.

The government w ill tell the factory owners to start using MOSA later this year. But many factories are already using MOSA. Three out of ten factories on the Witwatersrand are using the law. And in most of these factories the bosses and not the workers chose the safety reps and safety committees.

Worker organizations do not like this. They say workers suffer the most from accidents and sickness at work. So workers must choose their own safety reps. For example. In England all safety reps are chosen by the workers and not by the bosses.

One big union, the African Food and Canning Workers Union (AFCWU) says it does not like health and safety committees. They say only the worker leaders (shop stewards) must talk for the workers about health and safety. This union says new health and safety committees can divide the workers.

The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) aL>o says workers know a lot about accidents - workers suffer from accidents every da/. NUM aiso says workers must choose their own leaders to talk to the bosses about accidents at work.

If mine bosses spoke to worker leaders, maybe the 65 workers would not have died at Hiobane.

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LETTERS FROM OUR READERSDea' Learn and Teach I have many problems. I can't talk properly. ! have a speech impediment. This problem worries me a iot. I haven't found a job since last year.

My pass is another problem. I can't go to the city to find work because they oniy give 72 hours in my passbook. A t the pass office they didn 't explain or tell me what to do. I am a worried man July M.LE30W A

I'm sorry to hear about your problems, July. We can’t w rite to you because you d id n 't send us your address. Readers, please send us your addresses when you w rite us a letter.

Ju ly , go to the nearest hospital and ta lk to them about your speech problem. Maybe they can help you - I know the General Hospital in Johannesburg helps people w ith speech problems.

I th ink you must go to an organization to help w ith your pass. The Black Sash in Pretoria is the nearest organization fo r you. The address is. Presbyterian Church, 294 Schoeman Street, Pretoria. They on ly open on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturdays mornings. -editor

Dear Learn and Teach I really enjoyed your story on Ntemi Piliso - the jazzman from third avenue. I love music. I play the trumpet in a band called the Havannah Swing Stars.

I now want to study further in music. I wrote to a place in Johannesburg and they said I must come for three years. But I have a family here. I can't move to Johannesburg for a long time. What can I do - ! reaMy love playing the trumpet. Lennox Nqobo-M DANTSANE, EAST LONDON

Thanks fo r your letter Lennox. Go and ta lk to the peopie at Masazane Open School, 32 Argyle Street, East London. I'm sure they can help you. I hope you w ill keep on blowing • ed ito r

Dear Learn and TeachPlease can you help me. I have someproblems. I work on a small buildingcontruction site.

My bo£s takes money o ff our pay for J .I.F . a:id fc r the pension fund. E.-t he does not write the amounts on our psy envelopes.

A; Christmas time we get a bonur 71.!* boss does not wr te t h e d o h u s amount on our pay envelope On Saturday we work overtime We only get paid eight rand and a few cents for work on Saturday.

These are my problems. What are my rights?WorriedVRYHEID

Sorry to hear o f your problems. Many workers in th is country have the same problems. You do have some rights. The law says your boss must w rite all payments and deductions on your pay envelope He must w rite your wages, overtime and bonus pay on the envelope. He must also w rite your U.I.F. and pension deductions on the envelope. If your boss does not do this he is breaking the law. If construction workers w ork on a Saturday, they must get their normal wage plus half. You can complain about these things to the Industrial Council fo r the Building Industry. Their address and phone number are Mr Harris, 108 Old Mutual Building, KerK Street, Vryheid. Phone no.. (0381) 5229 -editor

WRITE TO US AT LEARN ana TEACH PO. BOX 11074 JOHANNESBURG 2000

17 LEARN AND TEACH

VILL NEVER FORGETt \

The 12th September w ill always be a grey and sad day. On that day six years ago, a great son of our country died. He died of brain damage - naked and in chains.

Steve Bantu Biko lived fo r only 30 years. But in that short time, he changed peoples lives. He gave people hope. He gave them pride. And he showed them love.

B'ko was no ordinary man. He under­stood what he wanted. And he believed he knew how to get there.

People came from far and wide to meet him. Old and wise people went to talk to him - and to listen.

Biko was born in a small town in the Eastern Cape called King William's Town - or "K in g ", as many people say. He was the th ird child and second son o f Mr and Mrs Mzingazi Biko. His father died when he was only four years old.

Biko went to a few schools. He wrote and passed m atrc in 1965. Then he went to university. He wanted to become a doctor. But Biko never became a doctor - not because he wasn't clever enough. But because he was too busy trying to help his people.

Biko began to th ink of new ideas. He

said black people can only win free­dom when their minds are free. When they feel strong and proud.

Biko said black people must have rights like everybody else - and they must fight fo r these rights. Biko callec fo r all black people to come together to figh t fo r the ir rights.

Biko did not hate white people. He had many white friends. People sav Biko hated nobody. They say he d idn 't even hate Vorster or Kruger or Treurnicht. He understood them toe much to hate them. He only hated their minds and the ir laws. He hatec their apartheid.

The government did not like Biko. They banned him. They arrested him many times - once fo r 101 days under "Section S ix". But they never founc him gu ilty o f any crime.

Biko never gave up. He was scared of nothing. When they banned him and to ld him to stay in King William's Town, he d idn 't really care. He still went to visit friends in Cape Town, Durbar and even Johannesburg.

They say Biko also h it a policeman or two in his time. Like the time this cop Hattingh upset him. Biko got up and smashed him against the wall - and broke his false teeth.

Another time, the same Hattingh

19 LEARN AND TEACH

walked into Biko's house w ith a gun. Biko jumped into action. He gave Hattingh a karate chop and grabbed his gun. He told Hattingh he d idn 't want any guns in his house. And then he gave him his gun back.

Biko was a special man. But in many ways, he was like all the rest of us. He mostly wore an old pair o f jeans and a shirt w ithout sleeves. He liked a beer and a good party. And most o f all, he liked a good joke.

Like the time the judge asked: “ Why do you call your people black?

Why not brown people? I th ink your people are more brown than black". Biko qu ick ly answered: " I think white people are more pink than w hite".

On 18th August 1977 the police stopped Biko and his friend Peter Jones at a roadblock. They took them away. Less than a month later, Biko was dead. Our country lost a great man and a great leader. People still ask: "W hat would Biko think now? What would Biko say now?" We w ill never know. But one thing's for sure - history w ill never forget Steve Bantu Biko.

Steve Biko always liked a good joke.

20 LEARN AND TEACH

“EVERY HOME A CLASS ROOM EVERY TABLE A SCHOOL DESK”

The young helped the old to learn

THE STRUGGLE TO READ AND WRITE IN N ICARAG UA

Before 1980 not many people knew of a country called Nicaragua. But then the people o f this small country dio something special. Thev qu ick ly showed the whole world how every person in their country could learn to read and write.

Nicaragua is in a part of the woric called Centra! America. Two and a half m illion people live in this country o f rain, forests and mountains

The history o f Nicaragua :s a story e* suffering and hardship. Fc>r man\ years a rich and cruel man ruled the country. His name was Somoza.

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Nicaragua - a country o f rain, forests and mountains.

Under Somoza the people were poor and hungry. Most people had no toilets and no running water. Seven out o f 10 people suffered from hunger. Diseases spread all over the country and thousands o f babies aied soon after b irth .

While the people suffered, Somoza and his fam ily got rich. He owned more than half the factories and most o f the land in the country. Somoza even owned a factory that sold peoples' blood to hospitals in America.

So more than half the people in Nicaragua could not read or w rite . Somoza's government did not build many schools. He did not want the

people to see things clearly. As one old man from the country sa;d: "Somoza never taught us to read. He knew that if he taught us to read, we would want our rights.”

Somoza used his army to stay rich. People who fought or said things against his government were killed or

Somoza

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Collection Number: AK2117 DELMAS TREASON TRIAL 1985 - 1989 PUBLISHER: Publisher:-Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:-Johannesburg ©2012

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